CN105493991A - Cerasus serrulata green seedling directional cultivation method - Google Patents
Cerasus serrulata green seedling directional cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cerasus serrulata green seedling directional cultivation method. The cerasus serrulata green seedling directional cultivation method comprises the following steps of plantation treatment; water and fertilizer management; weeding and soil-loosening treatment; bud-picking and sprout-removing treatment; and trimming and shaping treatment. According to the invention, upholders are not used or less upholders are used in order to reduce the cultivation cost, at the same time, the planting density is adjusted reasonably in good time, the land utilization rate is increased, the root structure of the seedlings is improved, the number of fibrous roots is increased, and the transplantation survival rate is increased. Through reasonable trimming, good crown types are directionally cultivated, the additional value of the seedlings is increased, and the economic benefit of seedling cultivation is greatly increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of plant cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of underbrown japanese cherry greening seedling directed cultivation method.
Background technology
Cyclobanopsis chungii (CerasuscampanulataMaxim) is bloomed at the beginning of last month of spring in winter, first spend posterior lobe, flower is carried out in droop, shape is as corymb shape, spend large and dense, color is dark red, calyx tube likeness in form mitriform, full-blown flowers are completely set, light green leaflet and bright red fresh flower sew full end of the branch, has ornamental value, bloom the earliest in all oriental cherries, the preciousness native soil cherry platymiscium that pattern is the richest and the most gaudy, with Tokyo oriental cherry (C.yedoensis, also known as someiyoshine), weeping branch is cherry (C.subhirtellavar.pendula) early, high basin cherry (C.cerasoides) is collectively referred to as oriental cherry four and views and admires kind greatly, it is one of foremost Flowering Cherry Cultivars of one's native land.
In recent years, because ornamental value is high, landscape effect is good, the utilization of Cyclobanopsis chungii in afforestation gets more and more, and has driven the development of greening big seedling cultivation.
The phenomenons such as rapidly, Seedling height is often faster than Diameter growth, and raw seedling height can reach more than 1.5m as 1 year, and leading thread is also less than 1cm in Cyclobanopsis chungii growth, and side shoot and trunk are equally thick happen occasionally, and trunk is often not enough to the flourishing tree crown of support, therefore easily lodges.Lose apical dominance after lodging, a large amount of branch can be sprouted on seedling is dry and grow vertically upward, have a strong impact on greening seedling growth and ornamental value.For preventing lodging, existing modal way is as the supporters such as bamboo bar, waddy support by external force.
Current cultivation Cyclobanopsis chungii seedlings, the nursery stock of conventional life in 1 year, according to cultivating target (as the greening seedlings for diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 5cm, 8cm or more than 10cm are cultivated in plan), determines that plant line-spacing carries out field planting.For preventing nursery stock from lodging, must support with bamboo stalk or waddy, need a large amount of fee of materials and labour cost, seedling cost is higher; Adopt a field planting, 2 years nursery stocks are still little, can not make full use of land resources, cause land wastage, too increase cost of land and management cost; The nursery stock of a field planting, root system is more undeveloped, and fibrous root is few, and nursery stock post sales transplanting success is lower, causes the wasting of resources.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of underbrown japanese cherry greening seedling directed cultivation method, solve the underbrown japanese cherry existed in prior art and easily lodge and the more underdeveloped problem of root system.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of underbrown japanese cherry greening seedling directed cultivation method.This method adopts " 3 stages of transplanting for 2 times cultivate " " segmentation cultivating method " cultivates Cyclobanopsis chungii greening seedlings." transplant for 2 times ", namely " just plant " and " replanting ".With 1 year raw seedling, transplant through 2 times, cultivate into greening seedlings.First time moves seedling for just to plant, and second time is transplanted as replanting." 3 stages cultivated ", namely carries out specific aim cultivation by " determining trunk ", " one-tenth skeleton " and " supporting tree crown " three phases.Cultivate greening seedlings with 1 year raw seedling, 2 kinds of cultivation programs can be adopted.One is that after plantation seedling extremely determines trunk, skeleton is formed in original place, then transplants to cultivate tree crown; Two is that trunk is reserved in seedling dense planting, then transplants cultivation skeleton, and skeleton cultivates tree crown in original place after forming.Comprise the following steps:
1) plantation process: transplant before early spring, sprouting sprouted, when just planting, making ridge does seedbed, height of bed 25cm, face width 100cm, and every furrow kind 2 ~ 3 row nursery stock, first can spread fertilizer over the fields the farmyard manure 2500 ~ 3500kg/hm become thoroughly decomposed before the making ridge of seedbed
2or composite fertilizer 350 ~ 400kg/hm
2make base manure; The kind plant hole specification of replanting is determined according to nursery stock size: the kind plant hole specification of leading thread 2cm is long × wide × deeply for the kind plant hole specification of 20cm × 20cm × 30cm, leading thread 5cm long × wide × be 40cm × 40cm × 60cm deeply; The well-rotted farmyard manure first executing 0.25 ~ 0.50kg in each kind of plant hole when planting makes base manure, then it is dark to half to fill out topsoil, seedling is put into kind of plant hole central authorities, shoot root is stretched to four directions, earthing, tread; The degree of depth of planting seedlings is imbedded underground 3 ~ 5cm with nursery stock base portion and is advisable; First prune away before seedling growth long main root and side shoot, guarantees that nursery stock is upright, water sufficient normal root water after cultivation during plantation;
2) water and fertilizer management: drain flooded fields when raining heavyly, prevents rotten of ponding; When just planting, the season of growth just rained or the little rainy day time manually spread fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer 200 ~ 300kg/hm
2if do not rain, then water and execute; Winter organic fertilizer 750kg/hm
2; When replanting, still apply fertilizer every year 2 times; Winter top dressing executes decomposed manure 1000 ~ 1500kg/hm in the winter time
2; Topdress in vegetative period or after pruning, sealing fertilizer or urea 350 ~ 450kg/hm
2;
3) weeding is loosened the soil process: after seedling planting, should, with manually entirely uprooting and earth up, prevent from hindering seedling; Seedlings contact killing type weed killer herbicide; Seedling weeding in a year 3 ~ 4 times, seedlings weeding 2 ~ 3 times;
4) bud picking is except sprouting process: daily managing and protecting wants timely bud picking, promotes trunk and major branch growth; To the sprouting sprouted below object height, find at any time, erase at any time; What have little time to erase also should wipe out as early as possible, and clip should be close to limb, totally smoothly;
5) trimming and finishing process: to determine before trunk, based on bud picking, to be trimmed to auxiliary, to promote seedling growth, strengthen trunk intensity, ensure that seedling is dry upright; When cultivating skeleton, the direction of extension of reasonable arrangement major branch and primary lateral branches, regulates shoot growth gesture, and formation master slave relation is reasonable, the branch skeleton of distribution reasonable organization; When cultivating tree crown, light pruning prunes expansion tree crown off, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, accelerates to form well-balanced full tree crown.
Further, step 1) middle planting density of planting in process: first plant line-spacing 35 ~ 50cm × 30 ~ 40cm, density 35000 ~ 65000 strains/hm
2; Replant seeding row spacing to determine according to cultivation target, as cultivated the nursery stock of about diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 5cm, seeding row spacing 1m × 1m, density 10000 strains/hm
2.
Further, step 5) in determine trunk and be specially: the time is generally 1 year, and now leading thread reaches 1 ~ 2cm; Central backbone is retained when seedling is cultivated, crown according to what intend cultivating, determine trunk height; To the sprouting below object height, find at any time, erase at any time; That fails to erase in time also should wipe out as early as possible; The nursery stock of indivedual lodging is supported with bamboo stalk, ensures that seedling is dry upright; Height of seedling can exceed object height then, and the truncation time is resting stage in the end of the year, so far completes and determines trunk cultivation.
Further, step 5) in become skeleton be specially: the time is generally 2 ~ 3 years, and now leading thread reaches 3 ~ 5cm; When cultivating skeleton, by crown cultivation requirement, leave major branch, major branch is I grade of side shoot, and remaining branch is wiped out; Major branch grow to 1cm thick above time, block at branch 30 ~ 50cm place, when truncated position grows branch again, stay down 3 ~ 5 as II branch, all the other branches are wiped out; Want the direction of extension of reasonable arrangement major branch and II grade of side shoot during pruning, according to cultivation crown needs, reservation branch crotch angle and growth potential are adjusted, form master slave relation reasonable, the branch skeleton of distribution reasonable organization.
Further, step 5) in support tree crown and be specially: cultivated through 3 ~ 4 years, meter Jing reach 8cm and more than; This stage, the time fell leaves resting stage in the winter time to prune off, and pruning order is by stem to the tip, from inside to outside; Upwards prune gradually from inside to outside from major branch; When the branch that trunk and major branch grow is too much, the branch of reserve part growing way stalwartness, all the other are all cut from branched base part; Wipe out water sprout, interior thorax branch sick branch and deadwood, branch, form well-balanced full tree crown.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention uses no or little supporter and cultivates cost to reduce; In good time Reasonable adjustment planting density, improves land utilization rate, improves seedling root structure simultaneously, increases fibrous root quantity, improves transplanting success; The present invention is by rational pruning, the good crown type of directive breeding, improves nursery stock added value, significantly increases the economic benefit of cultivating seedlings.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
The invention provides a kind of underbrown japanese cherry greening seedling directed cultivation method, comprise the following steps:
1, implantation methods:
1.1, transplant time: should before sprouting in early spring sprouts.
1.2, planting density:
First plant line-spacing 35 ~ 50cm × 30 ~ 40cm, density 35000 ~ 65000 strains/hm
2.Replant seeding row spacing to determine according to cultivation target, as cultivated the nursery stock of about diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 5cm, seeding row spacing 1m × 1m, density 10000 strains/hm
2.
1.3, to plant seedlings method:
When just planting, making ridge does seedbed, height of bed 25cm, face width 100cm, and every furrow kind 2 ~ 3 row nursery stock, first can spread fertilizer over the fields the farmyard manure 2500 ~ 3500kg/hm become thoroughly decomposed before the making ridge of seedbed
2or composite fertilizer 350 ~ 400kg/hm
2make base manure.The kind plant hole specification of replanting is determined according to nursery stock size: the kind plant hole specification of leading thread 2cm is long × wide × deeply for the kind plant hole specification of 20cm × 20cm × 30cm, leading thread 5cm long × wide × be 40cm × 40cm × 60cm deeply.The well-rotted farmyard manure first executing 0.25 ~ 0.50kg in each kind of plant hole when planting makes base manure, then it is dark to half to fill out topsoil, seedling is put into kind of plant hole central authorities, shoot root is stretched to four directions, earthing, tread.The degree of depth of planting seedlings is imbedded underground 3 ~ 5cm with nursery stock base portion and is advisable.First should be pruned away before seedling growth long main root and side shoot, should guarantee that nursery stock is upright, water sufficient normal root water after cultivation during plantation.
2, water and fertilizer management
2.1, row irrigation
Except arid especially, generally can water.Watering in place with good conditionsi more can growth promoting effects.Note water drainage when raining heavyly, prevent rotten of ponding.
2.2, apply fertilizer
When just planting, the season of growth just rained or the little rainy day time manually spread fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer 200 ~ 300kg/hm
2if do not rain, then water and execute.Winter organic fertilizer 750kg/hm
2.
When replanting, still apply fertilizer every year 2 times.Winter top dressing executes decomposed manure 1000 ~ 1500kg/hm in the winter time
2; Topdress, in vegetative period or after pruning, sealing fertilizer or urea 350 ~ 450kg/hm
2.
3, weeding is loosened the soil:
After seedling planting, should, with manually entirely uprooting and earth up, prevent from hindering seedling.Seedlings can use contact killing type weed killer herbicide (as Kirchhoff integral etc.).Seedling weeding in a year 3 ~ 4 times, seedlings weeding 2 ~ 3 times.
4, bud picking is except sprouting:
Daily managing and protecting wants timely bud picking, promotes trunk and major branch growth.To the sprouting sprouted below object height, find at any time, erase at any time.What have little time to erase also should wipe out as early as possible, and clip should be close to limb, totally smoothly.
5, trimming and finishing technology:
Pruning principle promotes seedling growth by rational pruning, and maintenance tree body is healthy, and reach limb reasonable organization, side shoot is many and well-balanced, the cultivation target of crown full and natural.Specific requirement is: to determine before trunk, based on bud picking, to be trimmed to auxiliary, to promote seedling growth, strengthen trunk intensity, ensure that seedling is dry upright; When cultivating skeleton, the direction of extension of reasonable arrangement major branch and primary lateral branches, regulates shoot growth gesture, and formation master slave relation is reasonable, the branch skeleton of distribution reasonable organization; When cultivating tree crown, light pruning prunes expansion tree crown off, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, accelerates to form well-balanced full tree crown.
If when clip is more than 3cm during pruning, scraping wound should be scabbled with scraper, be coated with 5 ° of Be lime sulfur liquid, wound can be prevented to rot.
5.1, trunk is determined
Time is generally 1 year, and now leading thread reaches 1 ~ 2cm.Seedling should retain central backbone when cultivating, crown according to what intend cultivating, determines trunk height (different crown trunk height is different, generally at 80 ~ 150cm).To the sprouting below object height, find at any time, erase at any time.That fails to erase in time also should wipe out as early as possible.The nursery stock of indivedual lodging is supported with bamboo stalk, ensures that seedling is dry upright.General height of seedling then can exceed object height, at object height place truncation, establishes trunk.The truncation time is resting stage in the end of the year.So far complete and determine trunk cultivation.
5.2 one-tenth skeletons
Time is generally 2 ~ 3 years, and now leading thread reaches 3 ~ 5cm.After nursery stock truncation, section limit can grow multiple branch.By crown cultivation requirement, leave major branch (I grade of side shoot), remaining branch is wiped out.Major branch grow to 1cm thick above time, can block at branch 30 ~ 50cm place, when truncated position grows branch again, stay down 3 ~ 5 as II branch, all the other branches are wiped out.Want the direction of extension of reasonable arrangement major branch and II grade of side shoot during pruning, according to cultivation crown needs, reservation branch crotch angle and growth potential are adjusted, form master slave relation reasonable, the branch skeleton of distribution reasonable organization.
5.3 support tree crown
Generally cultivated through 3 ~ 4 years, rice footpath can reach 8cm and more than, more need the cultivating through the longer time of large gauge.
This stage, the time fell leaves resting stage in the winter time to prune off, and pruning order is " by stem to the tip, from inside to outside ".First observe tree crown configuration, upwards pruned gradually from inside to outside from major branch.When the branch that trunk and major branch grow is too much, the branch of reserve part growing way stalwartness, all the other are all cut from branched base part.Wipe out water sprout, interior thorax branch sick branch and deadwood, branch, form well-balanced full tree crown, complete the cultivation of greening seedlings finished product seedling.
With 1 year raw seedling, plantation cultivation illustrated over 5 years and uses this method to cultivate from conventional method the different benefits that Cyclobanopsis chungii afforests seedlings, proved to use this method to have positive effect.Refer to following table 1.Wherein, conventional method is 1 plantation, density 10000 strains/hm
2, an annual weeding in 3 years 4 times, annual weeding in latter 2 years 2 times, conventional pruning.This method is " 3 stages of transplanting for 2 times cultivate ", wherein just plants 3 years, density 50000 strains/hm
2, an annual weeding in 2 years 4 times, weeding 2 times in the 3rd year; Replant 2 years, density 10000 strains/hm
2, a weeding in 1 year 4 times, weeding 2 times in the 2nd year; By " three stages cultivated " trimming and finishing; Annual weeding 4 times.All the other measures are identical.
The table 11 year raw seedling growth cost-benefit contrast table of 5 years
Claims (5)
1. a underbrown japanese cherry greening seedling directed cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) plantation process: transplant before early spring, sprouting sprouted, when just planting, making ridge does seedbed, height of bed 25cm, face width 100cm, and every furrow kind 2 ~ 3 row nursery stock, first spreads fertilizer over the fields the farmyard manure 2500 ~ 3500kg/hm become thoroughly decomposed before the making ridge of seedbed
2or composite fertilizer 350 ~ 400kg/hm
2make base manure; The kind plant hole specification of replanting is determined according to nursery stock size: the kind plant hole specification of leading thread 2cm is long × wide × deeply for the kind plant hole specification of 20cm × 20cm × 30cm, leading thread 5cm long × wide × be 40cm × 40cm × 60cm deeply; The well-rotted farmyard manure first executing 0.25 ~ 0.50kg in each kind of plant hole when planting makes base manure, then it is dark to half to fill out topsoil, seedling is put into kind of plant hole central authorities, shoot root is stretched to four directions, earthing, tread; The degree of depth of planting seedlings is imbedded underground 3 ~ 5cm with nursery stock base portion and is advisable; First prune away before seedling growth long main root and side shoot, guarantees that nursery stock is upright, water sufficient normal root water after cultivation during plantation;
2) water and fertilizer management: drain flooded fields when raining heavyly, prevents rotten of ponding; When just planting, the season of growth just rained or the little rainy day time manually spread fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer 200 ~ 300kg/hm
2if do not rain, then water and execute; Winter organic fertilizer 750kg/hm
2; When replanting, still apply fertilizer every year 2 times; Winter top dressing executes decomposed manure 1000 ~ 1500kg/hm in the winter time
2; Topdress in vegetative period or after pruning, sealing fertilizer or urea 350 ~ 450kg/hm
2;
3) weeding is loosened the soil process: after seedling planting, should, with manually entirely uprooting and earth up, prevent from hindering seedling; Seedlings contact killing type weed killer herbicide; Seedling weeding in a year 3 ~ 4 times, seedlings weeding 2 ~ 3 times;
4) bud picking is except sprouting process: daily managing and protecting wants timely bud picking, promotes trunk and major branch growth; To the sprouting sprouted below object height, find at any time, erase at any time; What have little time to erase also should wipe out as early as possible, and clip should be close to limb, totally smoothly;
5) trimming and finishing process: to determine before trunk, based on bud picking, to be trimmed to auxiliary, to promote seedling growth, strengthen trunk intensity, ensure that seedling is dry upright; When cultivating skeleton, the direction of extension of reasonable arrangement major branch and primary lateral branches, regulates shoot growth gesture, and formation master slave relation is reasonable, the branch skeleton of distribution reasonable organization; When cultivating tree crown, light pruning prunes expansion tree crown off, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, accelerates to form well-balanced full tree crown.
2. underbrown japanese cherry greening seedling directed cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 1) middle planting density of planting in process: first plant line-spacing 35 ~ 50cm × 30 ~ 40cm, density 35000 ~ 65000 strains/hm
2; Replant seeding row spacing to determine according to cultivation target, as cultivated the nursery stock of about diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 5cm, seeding row spacing 1m × 1m, density 10000 strains/hm
2.
3. underbrown japanese cherry greening seedling directed cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 5) in determine trunk and be specially: the time is generally 1 year, and now leading thread reaches 1 ~ 2cm; Central backbone is retained when seedling is cultivated, crown according to what intend cultivating, determine trunk height; To the sprouting below object height, find at any time, erase at any time; That fails to erase in time also should wipe out as early as possible; The nursery stock of indivedual lodging is supported with bamboo stalk, ensures that seedling is dry upright; Height of seedling can exceed object height then, and the truncation time is resting stage in the end of the year, so far completes and determines trunk cultivation.
4. underbrown japanese cherry greening seedling directed cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 5) in become skeleton be specially: the time is generally 2 ~ 3 years, and now leading thread reaches 3 ~ 5cm; When cultivating skeleton, by crown cultivation requirement, leave major branch, major branch is I grade of side shoot, and remaining branch is wiped out; Major branch grow to 1cm thick above time, block at branch 30 ~ 50cm place, when truncated position grows branch again, stay down 3 ~ 5 as II branch, all the other branches are wiped out; Want the direction of extension of reasonable arrangement major branch and II grade of side shoot during pruning, according to cultivation crown needs, reservation branch crotch angle and growth potential are adjusted, form master slave relation reasonable, the branch skeleton of distribution reasonable organization.
5. underbrown japanese cherry greening seedling directed cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 5) in support tree crown be specially: through 3 ~ 4 years cultivate, meter Jing reach 8cm and more than; This stage, the time fell leaves resting stage in the winter time to prune off, and pruning order is by stem to the tip, from inside to outside; Upwards prune gradually from inside to outside from major branch; When the branch that trunk and major branch grow is too much, the branch of reserve part growing way stalwartness, all the other are all cut from branched base part; Wipe out water sprout, interior thorax branch sick branch and deadwood, branch, form well-balanced full tree crown.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107018843A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-08-08 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of utilization two-stage method cultivates the method that single trunk turriform Queensland nut views and admires greening seedling |
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| CN1926953A (en) * | 2006-09-10 | 2007-03-14 | 张京 | Cultivating process for modified big cherry root |
| CN103598052A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-02-26 | 柯义清 | Production method for delaying cherry mature period and increasing production |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107018843A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-08-08 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | A kind of utilization two-stage method cultivates the method that single trunk turriform Queensland nut views and admires greening seedling |
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