CN112189499A - Method for planting figs in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for planting figs in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN112189499A CN112189499A CN202011087733.5A CN202011087733A CN112189499A CN 112189499 A CN112189499 A CN 112189499A CN 202011087733 A CN202011087733 A CN 202011087733A CN 112189499 A CN112189499 A CN 112189499A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting figs in a coastal heavy saline-alkali soil. Firstly, selecting a land block with high and dry terrain and good drainage and irrigation, wherein the full salt content of a soil layer of 0-50cm of soil is less than 1.5%, establishing a greenhouse, paving a salt discharge pipe in the greenhouse, then improving the soil, then preparing soil, making a bed, carrying out drip irrigation and salt sprinkling, selecting fresh strong seedlings without diseases and insects and with developed root systems for planting, drying the seedlings by 20-30 cm after planting, carrying out drip irrigation once every 7-10 d, reducing watering before fruit maturity, carrying out drip irrigation once every 15-20 d, and paying attention to fertilization and topdressing. The planting method provided by the invention is simple to operate and low in cost, the yield of the planted figs is high, the quality is good, and the economic benefit of facility cultivation is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of treatment and utilization of coastal saline-alkali soil, and particularly relates to a planting method of figs in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil.
Background
The total area of the saline-alkali soil in China exceeds 5.2 hundred million mu, and the coastal saline-alkali soil is an important land resource for developing agricultural production and is a potential site for improving the production capacity of agricultural products in China. The saline-alkali soil of the Bihai and Bohai coastal land has more than 2000 mu of ten thousand, the saline-alkali soil of the Bihai and Bohai coastal land has heavy soil texture and poor salt leaching capability, the salt content of the surface layer is 1.5-2.5%, and the average salt content of the 1m soil layer is 0.6-2%; the underground water level is about 1 meter, the mineralization degree of the underground water is high, and the average mineralization degree is 11.0 g/l-33.5 g/l. The coastal saline-alkali soil area is arid, windy and hard in spring, the climate soil environmental characteristics are not favorable for the growth of plants, the general plants are difficult to grow, and the planting of fruit trees with deep roots is more difficult.
The fig has a thousands of years of cultivation history in China, has very high nutritional value, is a pure natural functional food, is rich in nutrition, contains various trace elements, and belongs to a good fruit product suitable for people of all ages. With the improvement of living standard, the increase of economic income and the understanding of the nutritive value, cancer prevention and resistance and health care function of the fig, people increasingly demand the fig and have higher call for the industrialization and the standardized planting of the fig. The fig has less disease and insect damage, has low requirement on soil, and can be planted in the soil with the salinity of less than 0.4 percent, so the fig is the economic tree species which is hopeful to be cultivated in green most. However, fig is a subtropical tree species, has the characteristics of cold intolerance and waterlogging resistance, and has the problems of easiness in freezing damage, unstable yield, low yield and poor quality when the fig is planted in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that figs in the coastal heavy saline-alkali land are easily frozen, unstable in yield, low in yield and poor in quality in the prior art, and provides a planting method for figs in the coastal heavy saline-alkali land.
Technical scheme
The invention discloses a high-yield high-efficiency quality-improving cultivation technology research of figs in a sunlight greenhouse in a north coastal heavy saline-alkali land based on soil improvement and fertilizer cultivation, aiming at increasing and stabilizing yield, and forming water and salt temperature regulation and control technologies such as hidden pipe salt discharge, drip irrigation salt reduction, facility temperature control and the like through experimental research and years of production practice, wherein the specific scheme is as follows:
a planting method of figs in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection: selecting a plot with high and dry topography, good drainage and irrigation and a soil layer of 0-50cm in soil with the total salt content of less than 1.5 percent, and establishing a greenhouse;
s2, setting a hidden pipe: laying a salt discharge pipe in the greenhouse, wrapping the salt discharge pipe by using non-woven fabrics, filling stone slag or coarse sand around the laid salt discharge pipe and covering geotextiles, and leading an outlet of the salt discharge pipe to an outer drainage ditch of the greenhouse;
s3, soil improvement: respectively pulverizing corn stalk, decomposed cow dung and phosphogypsum at a ratio of 20-25 m/mu3、10-15m32500 plus 3000kg, uniformly spreading, deeply turning for 30cm, uniformly stirring, and raking;
s4, drip irrigation and salt leaching: planting furrows in the north-south direction, making water spraying ditches between the furrows, respectively paving a drip irrigation pipe with the diameter of 16mm and the dripper spacing of 30cm at the positions, which are 25cm and 75cm close to the same side, on the surface of the furrow, and continuously carrying out drip irrigation for 20-30 h;
s5, selecting nursery stocks: selecting fresh strong seedlings with pure varieties, full branches, no diseases and pests and developed root systems, wherein the root diameter of each seedling is more than 1cm, and the height of each seedling is more than 1 m;
s6, planting seedlings: planting in autumn after leaf falling, digging planting holes with length, width and depth of 40cm according to row spacing of 2m multiplied by 1m, placing nursery stock in the center of the hole, lifting and treading while filling soil, fixing to dry 20-30 cm after planting, and dripping water;
s7, managing after planting: watering is carried out in the germination period, the young sprout rapid period and the fruit expansion period according to the soil moisture content, drip irrigation is carried out once every 7 to 10 days, watering is reduced before the fruit is mature, and drip irrigation is carried out once every 15 to 20 days; applying base fertilizer in the ditch from the leaf falling to the early spring before germination, and mainly using organic manure; the top dressing is carried out in combination with drip irrigation, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are used for balancing water soluble fertilizer in the early stage, and high-potassium water soluble fertilizer is used in the later stage;
s8, harvesting fruits: after the fruits are softened, the fruits are harvested by stages, and lightly picked and lightly released, so that the damage to the fruit bodies is reduced.
Further, in step S2, the diameter of the salt discharge pipe is 60mm, and the laying method of the salt discharge pipe in the greenhouse is as follows: a southeast-west salt discharge pipe is horizontally laid in the middle of the north and the south in the greenhouse, the buried depth is 60cm, then the southeast-north salt discharge pipe is laid at the distance of 5m, the buried depth of the north end is 50cm, and the north-south slope drop is 1%.
Further, in step S4, the ridge surface is 1.8m wide, the water spraying groove is 20cm wide and 30cm deep.
Further, in step S4, the dripper drips a volume of 2L/h.
Further, in step S7, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balance water soluble fertilizer N, P2O5And K2The O content is respectively 20%, 20% and 20%, and N, P% of the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer2O5And K2The O content was 12%, 8% and 40%, respectively.
Further, in step S7, the post-planting management further includes: selecting and reserving fruiting branches according to the tree type requirements in the growing period, thinning out dense branches, and wiping off adventitious buds of roots or branches; and (3) carrying out winter pruning after leaf falling in winter and before sprouting in early spring, and leaving 1-2 bud eyes on each fruiting branch for stumping.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is simple to operate and low in cost, the yield of the figs obtained by planting is high, the quality of the figs is good, the economic benefit of facility cultivation is effectively improved, and technical support is provided for planting the figs in the heavy saline-alkali land.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
2017 and 2019, a fig planting test is carried out on a farm in a Fei Dian region in Tangshan city and Cao, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
a planting method of figs in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
s1, land selection: in a farm in a Tangshan city Cao Fei Dian region, the soil in the region belongs to coastal saline soil, the soil salinity is mainly sodium chloride, the average salt content of the soil is 11.3g/kg, the pH value is 7.84, and the soil volume weight is 1.68g/cm3The underground water is buried deep by 1.4m, the original soil is the retreating and returning beach land of the aquaculture pond, the area belongs to warm-temperate zone semi-humid continental monsoon climate, the annual rainfall is 635.7mm on average, the rainfall is distributed in 6-9 months in a centralized manner, and accounts for about 81.7% of the annual rainfall, wherein 7 months are most centralized; establishing a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the greenhouse has an east-west trend, the length of the east-west in the greenhouse is 65m, and the width of the north and south is 8 m;
s2, setting a hidden pipe: the solar greenhouse planning and the salt discharge system construction are started in No. 9 and No. 10 in 2017, the salt discharge pipes are arranged after the planning, an east-west salt discharge pipe is horizontally laid in the middle of the north and south in the greenhouse, the depth of the east-west salt discharge pipe is 60cm, then the north-south salt discharge pipe is laid at a distance of 5m, the north end is 1.5m away from the north wall of the greenhouse, the depth of the north end is 50cm, the north-south slope is 1%, the south end extends to a drainage ditch outside the greenhouse, the salt discharge pipe is a PE corrugated pipe with the diameter of 60mm, the corrugated pipe is perforated and is wrapped with non-woven fabrics, coarse sand is covered above the corrugated pipe, the thickness of the corrugated pipe is 15cm, and finally;
s3 soil improvementGood: respectively pulverizing corn stalk, decomposed cow dung and phosphogypsum at a ratio of 20 m/mu3、10m33000kg, uniformly spreading, deeply turning for 30cm, uniformly stirring, and raking;
s4, drip irrigation and salt leaching: preparing soil in No. 22 of 9 and 9 months in 2017, making a furrow, making a planting furrow in the north-south direction, wherein the width of the furrow surface is 1.8m, a water spraying ditch with the width of 20cm and the depth of 30cm is arranged between every two furrows, respectively paving a drip irrigation pipe with the diameter of 16mm and the distance of 30cm between drippers on the west side and 75cm of the furrow surface, and after paving is finished, continuously performing drip irrigation for 24 hours, wherein the water dripping amount of the drippers is 2L/h;
s5, selecting nursery stocks: selecting fresh strong seedlings with pure varieties, full branches, no diseases and pests and developed root systems, wherein the root diameter of each seedling is more than 1cm, and the height of each seedling is more than 1 m; in this example, the fig variety is boji red;
s6, planting seedlings: planting seedlings for one year in 23 days 12 months, digging planting holes in the middle of a drip irrigation tape, wherein the first hole is 1.8 meters away from a north wall, digging planting holes with the length, the width and the depth of 40cm according to the plant spacing of 1m, and digging 6 holes in each row. Placing the seedling in the center of the hole, filling soil while lifting the seedling, and treading to a depth suitable for the neck of the seedling to be slightly lower than the ground. After planting, fixing the seedling to be dry for 20-30 cm, and dripping water;
s7, managing after planting: watering is carried out in the germination period, the young sprout rapid period and the fruit expansion period according to the soil moisture content, drip irrigation is carried out once every 7 to 10 days, watering is reduced before the fruit is mature, and drip irrigation is carried out once every 15 to 20 days; applying base fertilizer in the ditch from the leaf falling to the early spring before germination, and mainly using organic manure; and (4) topdressing is carried out in combination with drip irrigation, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are used for balancing water-soluble fertilizer in the early stage, and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is used in the later stage. Selecting and reserving fruiting branches according to the tree type requirements in the growing period, thinning out dense branches, and wiping off adventitious buds of roots or branches; performing winter pruning after leaf falling in winter and before sprouting in early spring, and leaving 1-2 bud eyes on each fruiting branch for stumping;
s8, harvesting fruits: after the fruits are softened, the fruits are harvested by stages, and lightly picked and lightly released, so that the damage to the fruit bodies is reduced.
Soil improvement condition test
Sampling 15 days after the drip irrigation in 1 month and 8 days in 2018, wherein the sampling depth is 0-30cm, sampling is carried out for 5 points, the average value is taken, sampling is carried out in 5 months in 2018 according to the original position, the content determination of salt, organic matters, total nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium is carried out on the soil sample before and after the improvement, and the result is shown in a table 1:
TABLE 1 test results of contents of salt, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil samples before and after improvement
As can be seen from the table 1, the full salt content of the improved soil is greatly reduced from 10.2% to 4.2%, and the soil fertility status is investigated, so that the severe saline-alkali soil has the characteristics of low organic matter content, poor nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the full salt content of the coastal saline-alkali soil is reduced after the soil improvement and fertilization treatment, the soil nutrient elements such as full N, quick-acting P and organic matter are all improved, and the quick-acting K is slightly reduced.
Secondly, testing growth indexes and yield of figs
Before planting, the trunk height of the fig seedling is 20cm, no lateral branches exist, the stem thickness is 1.4cm on average, 10 test materials are fixedly selected after planting, the whole plant of each individual tree is investigated, the measured contents are tree height, stem thickness, single-plant fruit number and single-plant fruit weight, the investigation is continuously carried out for 2 years, and the investigation result is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 Fig growth index in different years after improvement
As seen from Table 2, the stem thickness was increased by 242.8% and 371.4% respectively after one year and two years of planting compared to that before planting. In order to promote the balanced growth of plants, 3 branches are reserved for each plant in the first year of planting, 6 branches are reserved in the second year, the average length of the branches reaches more than 200cm, and the plants grow vigorously. From the fruiting situation, the average single plant fruiting number in two years after the planting is 41.2 and 79.8 respectively, the yield per mu in the first year reaches 664 kilograms, and the yield per mu in the second year reaches more than 1500 kilograms.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (6)
1. A planting method of figs in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, land selection: selecting a plot with high and dry topography, good drainage and irrigation and a soil layer of 0-50cm in soil with the total salt content of less than 1.5 percent, and establishing a greenhouse;
s2, setting a hidden pipe: laying a salt discharge pipe in the greenhouse, wrapping the salt discharge pipe by using non-woven fabrics, filling stone slag or coarse sand around the laid salt discharge pipe and covering geotextiles, and leading an outlet of the salt discharge pipe to an outer drainage ditch of the greenhouse;
s3, soil improvement: respectively pulverizing corn stalk, decomposed cow dung and phosphogypsum at a ratio of 20-25 m/mu3、10-15m32500 plus 3000kg, uniformly spreading, deeply turning for 30cm, uniformly stirring, and raking;
s4, drip irrigation and salt leaching: planting furrows in the north-south direction, making water spraying ditches between the furrows, respectively paving a drip irrigation pipe with the diameter of 16mm and the dripper spacing of 30cm at the positions, which are 25cm and 75cm close to the same side, on the surface of the furrow, and continuously carrying out drip irrigation for 20-30 h;
s5, selecting nursery stocks: selecting fresh strong seedlings with pure varieties, full branches, no diseases and pests and developed root systems, wherein the root diameter of each seedling is more than 1cm, and the height of each seedling is more than 1 m;
s6, planting seedlings: planting in autumn after leaf falling, digging planting holes with length, width and depth of 40cm according to row spacing of 2m multiplied by 1m, placing nursery stock in the center of the hole, lifting and treading while filling soil, fixing to dry 20-30 cm after planting, and dripping water;
s7, managing after planting: watering is carried out in the germination period, the young sprout rapid period and the fruit expansion period according to the soil moisture content, drip irrigation is carried out once every 7 to 10 days, watering is reduced before the fruit is mature, and drip irrigation is carried out once every 15 to 20 days; applying base fertilizer in the ditch from the leaf falling to the early spring before germination, and mainly using organic manure; the top dressing is carried out in combination with drip irrigation, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are used for balancing water soluble fertilizer in the early stage, and high-potassium water soluble fertilizer is used in the later stage;
s8, harvesting fruits: after the fruits are softened, the fruits are harvested by stages, and lightly picked and lightly released, so that the damage to the fruit bodies is reduced.
2. The method for planting figs in the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the diameter of the salt discharge pipe is 60mm, and the method for laying the salt discharge pipe in the greenhouse comprises the following steps: a southeast-west salt discharge pipe is horizontally laid in the middle of the north and the south in the greenhouse, the buried depth is 60cm, then the southeast-north salt discharge pipe is laid at the distance of 5m, the buried depth of the north end is 50cm, and the north-south slope drop is 1%.
3. The method for planting figs in the coastal heavy saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the ridge surface is 1.8m wide, the water spraying ditch is 20cm wide and 30cm deep.
4. The method for planting figs in the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil of claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the water dripping amount of the drippers is 2L/h.
5. The method for planting figs at the coastal heavy saline-alkali land of claim 1, wherein in step S7, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balance water soluble fertilizer N, P2O5And K2The O content is respectively 20%, 20% and 20%, and N, P% of the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer2O5And K2The O content was 12%, 8% and 40%, respectively.
6. The method for planting figs, as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the post-planting management further comprises, in step S7: selecting and reserving fruiting branches according to the tree type requirements in the growing period, thinning out dense branches, and wiping off adventitious buds of roots or branches; and (3) carrying out winter pruning after leaf falling in winter and before sprouting in early spring, and leaving 1-2 bud eyes on each fruiting branch for stumping.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113597954A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-05 | 山东景檀新晶农业科技有限公司 | Sunlight greenhouse fig stumping and pruning high-yield cultivation method |
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| CN113597954A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-05 | 山东景檀新晶农业科技有限公司 | Sunlight greenhouse fig stumping and pruning high-yield cultivation method |
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