CN110352779A - A kind of method of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore peach facility cultivation - Google Patents
A kind of method of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore peach facility cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110352779A CN110352779A CN201910815399.1A CN201910815399A CN110352779A CN 110352779 A CN110352779 A CN 110352779A CN 201910815399 A CN201910815399 A CN 201910815399A CN 110352779 A CN110352779 A CN 110352779A
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- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 240000006413 Prunus persica var. persica Species 0.000 title 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000089742 Citrus aurantifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000005809 Prunus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001863 plant nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore peach facility cultivation, this method realizes the plantation of 10 g/kg of soil salt content or so saline-alkali wasteland peach using the peach cultivation technique of hidden pipe salt discharge, topsoil improvement, dropper suppression salt combination drip irrigation technique and routine；Salt reduction control salt method strong operability of the invention, original soil cultivation management is simple, can greatly improve salt-soda soil utilization rate and output capacity, sufficiently efficiently utilizes high alkali-salinity soil soil resource, efficient and modern agricultural development provides a new way for coastal saline-alkali area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to alkaline land improving and utilize technical field, and in particular to a kind of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore peach facility cultivation
The method of training.
Background technique
The salinization of soil is a worldwide problem, Chinese about 36,000,000 hm of the salinized soil gross area2, it is mainly distributed on west
North, North China, northeast and coastal area.Important component of the beach saline land as salt-soda soil, be distributed mainly on northern Suzhou and
Bohai Sea Gulf region, 1,000,000 hm of saline alkali land area2, the region by sea water intrusion and the parent soil material origin cause of formation etc. due to being influenced, soil
For salinity based on sodium chloride, aeration is poor, and salination is serious, and Soil Utilization rate is poor, output capacity is low, how to efficiently use salt-soda soil
It is of great significance to regional agriculture continuous developing and physical norm for soils.
Coastal saline-alkali area is as economic development important area, and harbour, city emerge and population collection increases, and is high-quality fruits and vegetables
And quality of the life brings higher demand, while bringing diversification to region green agriculture, the ecological agriculture, Brand Agriculture
Opportunities and challenges.How to efficiently use beach salty soil resource, especially with good heavy saline, beach, develop strand efficiently,
Modern agriculture is production urgently to be solved and social concern in balanced development among regions.
Peach, as main fruit, due to short production cycle, manageability, high efficiency, gradually by joyous in facilityization cultivation
It meets, heavy salinizedly, especially the above beach saline land facilityization of soil salt content 6g/kg, which efficiently produces, has not been reported.In conjunction with garden
Area's development and characteristic alkali Agriculture carry out the production of fruit trees such as peach using heavy saline, are the development of characteristic, high-effective saline-alkali agricultural
Demand.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of method of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore peach facility cultivation, in conjunction with multiple
Improvement salt reduction and salt-water regulation technology are closed, the plantation of 10 g/kg of soil salt content or so saline-alkali wasteland peach is realized.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of method of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore peach facility cultivation, this method press down salt knot using hidden pipe salt discharge, topsoil improvement, dropper
Close the peach cultivation technique of drip irrigation technique and routine, comprising the following steps:
S1, plot selection: it can choose the plot of the high-land of 0.5m soil body salt content 10g/kg or so in weight RS in Alkali Region；
S2, salt discharging pipe arrangement: before peach plant, row lower section is planted along peach and carries out salt discharging pipe setting, northern south orientation trench digging, starting
Ditch depth 50cm, north south gradient 0.1%, furrow width 35cm-40cm, the North of ditch is away from canopy room north wall 1.5m, Nantong to the outer gutter of canopy；
One pipe of arrangement is wrapped with the bellows of non-woven fabrics in ditch；Later using in the wheat straw or rice straw mulching ditch of 3cm-5cm long
Bellows is finally backfilled using original soil；
S3, surface soil improvement: after the completion of salt discharging pipe is laid with, every 667m2Apply ardealite 2000kg, fermentation dry cow dung 15m3, length
3cm-5cm corn stover 25m3；It is puddled uniformly with mechanical with soil, soil stirs depth and is not less than 40cm；
S4, the design of peach furrow row: after leveling land, the design of peach kind planting-line is carried out, canopy room is east-west, and peach is planted by north and south row
It plants, using small spacing in the rows wide space planting, line-spacing 3.0m, spacing in the rows 1m, leaching salt ditch, ditch depth 30cm, furrow width are dug in peach row middle position
30cm-35cm, the long slightly longer remaining peach plantation row of ditch, the water blocking low bank between fields or in shallow water of high 10cm-15cm, width 20cm-25cm are taken in ditch two sides；
S5, facility building: it requires to carry out greenhouse construction according to local light temperature and water system constructs, East and West direction is laid with fresh water trickle irrigation
Trunk Line, north-south are laid with the drip irrigation pipe of diameter 16mm, water dropper spacing 40cm, dropper spacing 50cm, and every furrow face is laid with 4 trickle irrigations
Pipe, water dropper drop amount 2L/h；After plant, carry out fresh water trickle irrigation press salt slow seedling, each trickle irrigation for 24 hours, interval trickle irrigation 2 times, the intermittent time
12h；
S6, peach plantation: peach is transplanted by furrow middle position north-south, and the plant date is subject to local be accustomed to；
Manage after S7, cultivation: plant First Year promotes root system and plant strain growth without trimming；It is not dry not pour, it pours once with trickle irrigation
3h is advisable；Base manure after fruit is plucked every year and combines watering, and strain applies humic acid fertilizer 1.5kg, organic fertilizer 5kg, other to press normal management.
Further, close hole bellows of the bellows using the PE material of outer package non-woven fabrics, diameter 50mm.
Further, the wheat straw or rice straw mulching with a thickness of 10-15cm.
The invention has the following advantages:
In conjunction with compound improvement salt reduction and salt-water regulation technology, 10 g/kg of soil salt content or so saline-alkali wasteland peach is realized
Plantation；Salt reduction control salt method strong operability of the invention, original soil cultivation management is simple, can greatly improve salt-soda soil utilization rate and production
Extracting rate sufficiently efficiently utilizes high alkali-salinity soil soil resource, efficient and modern agricultural development provides a new way for coastal saline-alkali area.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.Following embodiment will be helpful to the technology of this field
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made.These belong to the present invention
Protection scope.
Embodiment
2017-2018 carries out test implementation, the region in the Tangshan business section area Fei Dian ecological city day Xu Nongyeshengtaiyuan
Soil belongs to marine solonchak, and soil salt is based on sodium chloride, soil mean salt amount 11.5g/kg, pH7.88, the soil weight
1.68g/cm3, underground water buried depth 1.5m, initial soil is that retiring for shrimp culture pond goes back beach.
It on April 5th, 2017 carries out heliogreenhouse planning and salt discharge and improves the soil system construction, planning canopy room is east-west, long
70m, canopy room inner width 8m.Salt discharging pipe arrangement and surface layer improvement are carried out after planning.
Design peach plantation row first carries out salt discharging pipe setting along plantation row, and the North is away from the position canopy room north wall 1.5m, from north
Trench digging to the south originates ditch depth 50-55cm, and north south gradient 0.1%, furrow width 35cm-40cm, the south extends to the outer gutter 2.0m of canopy
Place；Outer package non-woven fabrics is placed in ditch, the bore of punching is 60mmPE material bellows, then covered above bellows a length of
The straw of 3-5cm, cladding thickness 15cm, is finally filled using original soil；
Canopy applies ardealite 2500kg, spreads fertilizer over the fields ground, rear spreading dry cow dung 12m3, then with crush corn stover spread fertilizer over the fields surface layer,
Corn stover length 3cm-5cm, laying depth about 5-7cm.It is puddled with excavator, turns depth 40cm or so, rotary cultivator
After leveling land, canopy room construction is carried out.
It April 22 carried out site preparation and does furrow, centered on salt discharging pipe position, the bright ditch of both sides symmetry distance 1.2m excavated by manual work, ditch
Small water blocking low bank between fields or in shallow water is taken in deep 30cm or so, furrow width 35cm or so, the long 6m of ditch, limes marginis two sides, prevents leaching salt from dripping excessive.
Drip irrigation pipe, supervisor's black PE pipe thick using 5.0cm are laid on furrow, drip irrigation pipe uses diameter 16mm, water dropper spacing
The drip irrigation pipe of 35cm carries out north and south laying according to dropper spacing 50cm, and every furrow face is laid with drip irrigation pipe 4, water dropper drop amount 2.2L/h.
Facility cultivation peach variety is middle oily No. 13, plant on April 28, since peach seedling root system is deficient, after plant immediately
Fresh water trickle irrigation salt discharge slow seedling is carried out, simulation unsaturation is irrigated, and trickle irrigation 1 day (for 24 hours) first, is seen bright water in furrow, is cut off the water for 24 hours, then drip
1 day (for 24 hours) is filled, trickle irrigation is stopped.Sampling carries out soil salt analysis before trickle irrigation, and analysis method is using " Water-soluble salts point are complete
The quality measurement method of salt amount " mass method is averaged soil salt content 9.5g/kg, is sampled after trickle irrigation, three layers of depth selection point, 0-
20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, every furrow sample 3 points times, and every canopy takes 10 furrow, is averaged, and in May, 2018 presses in-situ sampling, into
Measurement is continuously tracked in row.
Different year soil salt balances after 1 trickle irrigation of table
From table 1 it follows that transplanting trickle irrigation after progresss soil sample in 10 days, by salinity measure learn, 40cm soil layer due to
It is influenced by soil improvement and turning over, loosing soil, bulk density reduces, and when trickle irrigation, moves down conducive to moisture, salt is gone with water, is put down
Equal salinity is greatly reduced, and compared with reducing by 73.7% before trickle irrigation, reaches general plant growth optimum range, 40cm soil salt after 1 year
Averagely in 2.2g/kg, slightly reduced compared with 2017；40-60cm deep soil, salinity is basically stable at 4.5g/kg or so within 2 years,
Compared with reducing by 52.6% before trickle irrigation.Since peach belongs to shallow root system plant, most of root system is grown in soil 50cm depth, illustrates this
The salt reduction measure of method, can be effectively reduced and control soil salt, reach peach growth demand.
Before transplanting, peach seedling trunk height 50-55cm, no side shoot, stem thickness is averaged 1.48cm.It transplants in a cycle and carries out
2 investigation, respectively in August, 2017, in May, 2018 carry out 10 plants of investigation, the results are shown in Table 2.
2 different year heavy saline of table improves peach growth indexes after salt reduction
As seen from Table 2, after transplanting after 4 months and 1 year, before relatively transplanting relatively, stem thickness increases separately 67.6%, 145.3%, branch
Number reaches 3 or so, and branch amount is normal.In order to promote plant nutrition body to grow, transplanting did not carried out branch trimming, branch in 1 year
Average length reaches 137.8cm, and plant growing way is vigorous.In terms of the case where from result, result is acted normally for the first time, single plant average result
Number 66, per mu yield is up to 2000 kilograms or more.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make a variety of changes or modify within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring substantive content of the invention.In the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiments herein and embodiment can any phase
Mutually combination.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore peach facility cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
S1, plot selection: in the plot of the high-land of weight RS in Alkali Region selection 10 g/kg of 0.5m soil body salt content；
S2, salt discharging pipe arrangement: before peach plant, row lower section is planted along peach and carries out salt discharging pipe setting, northern south orientation trench digging, starting
Ditch depth 50cm, north south gradient 0.1%, furrow width 35cm-40cm, the North of ditch is away from canopy room north wall 1.5m, Nantong to the outer gutter of canopy；
One pipe of arrangement is wrapped with the bellows of non-woven fabrics in ditch；Later using row in the wheat straw of 3cm-5cm long or rice straw mulching ditch
Salt pipe, is finally backfilled using original soil；
S3, surface soil improvement: after the completion of salt discharging pipe is laid with, every 667m2Apply ardealite 2000kg, fermentation dry cow dung 15m3, length
3cm-5cm corn stover 25m3；It is puddled uniformly with mechanical with soil, soil stirs depth and is not less than 40cm；
S4, the design of peach furrow row: after leveling land, the design of peach kind planting-line is carried out, canopy room is east-west, and peach is planted by north and south row
It plants, using small spacing in the rows wide space planting, line-spacing 3.0m, spacing in the rows 1m, leaching salt ditch, ditch depth 30cm, furrow width are dug in peach row middle position
30cm-35cm, the long slightly longer remaining peach plantation row of ditch, the water blocking low bank between fields or in shallow water of high 10cm-15cm, width 20cm-25cm are taken in ditch two sides；
S5, facility building: it requires to carry out greenhouse construction according to local light temperature and water system constructs, East and West direction is laid with fresh water trickle irrigation
Trunk Line, north-south are laid with the drip irrigation pipe of diameter 16mm, water dropper spacing 40cm, dropper spacing 50cm, and every furrow face is laid with 4 trickle irrigations
Pipe, water dropper drop amount 2L/h；After plant, carry out fresh water trickle irrigation press salt slow seedling, each trickle irrigation for 24 hours, interval trickle irrigation 2 times, the intermittent time
12h；
S6, peach plantation: peach is transplanted by furrow middle position north-south, and the plant date is subject to local be accustomed to；
Manage after S7, cultivation: plant First Year promotes root system and plant strain growth without trimming；It is not dry not pour, it pours once with trickle irrigation
3h is advisable；Base manure after fruit is plucked every year and combines watering, and strain applies humic acid fertilizer 1.5kg, organic fertilizer 5kg, other to press normal management.
2. a kind of method of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore peach facility cultivation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the ripple
Close hole bellows of the pipe using the PE material of outer package non-woven fabrics, diameter 50mm.
3. a kind of method of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore peach facility cultivation as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the wheat straw
Or rice straw mulching with a thickness of 10-15cm.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN112189499A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-08 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for planting figs in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil |
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| CN112189499A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-08 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for planting figs in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil |
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Application publication date: 20191022 |