CN107646225B - Method for facility production of raw soil of coastal heavy saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for facility production of raw soil of coastal heavy saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN107646225B CN107646225B CN201710905311.6A CN201710905311A CN107646225B CN 107646225 B CN107646225 B CN 107646225B CN 201710905311 A CN201710905311 A CN 201710905311A CN 107646225 B CN107646225 B CN 107646225B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002568 Capsicum frutescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000203593 Piper nigrum Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing original soil facilities of coastal heavy saline-alkali soil, which comprises the steps of selecting plots; digging an underground pipe salt discharge ditch for arrangement, burying broken stone particles in the underground pipe, and backfilling original soil; surface soil improvement is carried out by using phosphogypsum, dry cow dung and corn straws; constructing facilities of a drip irrigation pipeline; soil preparation and bed making; drip irrigation by using a dropper to reduce salt, and planting eggplant, tomato, pepper and solanaceous vegetables in the first year. According to the method for facility production of the raw soil of the coastal heavy saline-alkali land, provided by the technical scheme, the salt content of the surface layer is reduced by 70%, the volume weight is reduced by 20%, the organic matter is increased by 75% by combining concealed pipes, improvement and drip irrigation, and the heavy saline-alkali land is subjected to facility utilization by matching with suitable vegetables.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a method for producing original soil facilities of coastal heavy saline-alkali soil.
Background
The saline-alkali soil is an important land resource, the saline-alkali soil is mainly distributed in the inland of northeast, north China, northwest and the coastal region of the Yangtze river, the coastal saline-alkali soil is an important component of the saline-alkali soil and is mainly distributed in the regions of Subei and Bohai Bay, and the regions are affected by seawater erosion, soil matrix formation factors and the like, so that the soil has poor air permeability, high sodium adsorption ratio and serious salinization, particularly in the offshore region, the saline-alkali soil is limited by three high factors of high salinity, shallow buried depth of underground water and high salinity of underground water, the ecological environment is severe, and the soil productivity is low.
At present, a plurality of saline-alkali land treatment technologies such as hydraulic engineering, biology, agriculture, chemistry and the like are formed, and key technologies with obvious regional characteristics are formed in various saline-alkali areas, such as: the method comprises a salt-washing and alkali-changing technology of rice seeds, a drip irrigation technology under the mulch of the northwest saline-alkali area, a salt-controlling and fertilizing technology of rice seeds and a salt-controlling and fertilizing technology under the mulch of the coastal saline-alkali area, a biological water-saving agricultural technology of the middle and north saline-alkali area, an organic fertilizing and salt spot improving technology of the north China saline-alkali area and the like.
The formation of the saline-alkali soil is influenced by two factors of natural conditions and human activities, so that the saline-alkali soil improvement has strong regional characteristics, and compared with a single improvement mode, the combined improvement focuses on effective combination of various technologies, and the advantages and the disadvantages of various improvement modes can be comprehensively considered according to local conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing original soil facilities of coastal heavy saline-alkali land, which combines the method of salt discharge by using underground concealed pipes, salt control of plough layer soil improvement and salt sprinkling by drip irrigation according to a Chinese character feng shape to quickly reduce the salt content of a soil plough layer with 1.0-1.5% of the salt content of coastal saline soil to be less than 0.3%, and achieves the purpose of safe production of facilities of heavy saline-alkali land by matching with vegetable varieties.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for producing original soil facilities of coastal heavy saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land parcels: selecting a land block with a salt content of less than 1.5% and a high terrain from a 0.5m soil body in a heavy salt alkali area;
(2) arranging a concealed pipe: after the greenhouse is planned, ditching at the middle position of the greenhouse along the east-west direction of the greenhouse, wherein the east-west slope is reduced by 0.1 percent, the width of the ditch is 35-40cm, the initial ditch depth is 55-60cm, and the west wall of the greenhouse is provided with a hidden pipe drainage hole which is communicated with a drainage ditch outside the wall; digging a ditch every 5m in the north-south direction of the greenhouse, wherein the north end of the ditch is 1m away from the north wall of the greenhouse, the south end of the ditch is 0.5m away from the south wall of the greenhouse, the depth of the south ditch and the north ditch is 55-60cm, and the width of the south ditch and the north ditch is the same as that of the east-west ditch; a reticulated tube is arranged in the groove, and a non-woven fabric is wrapped outside the reticulated tube; firstly, laying the east-west ditch hidden pipes, then laying the north-south ditch hidden pipes, then filling with 8-10cm of broken stones, and finally filling with original soil;
(3) surface soil improvement: leveling the land after laying the concealed pipes, wherein each 667m of land is
23000kg of phosphogypsum and 15m of dry cow dung are applied
3Then, the corn straw is used for spreading the surface layer; after the spreading is finished, uniformly mixing; wherein the soil excavation depth is required to be 35-40 cm;
(4) and (3) constructing facilities: constructing a greenhouse and a water supply system according to the requirements of the ground temperature, and paving main fresh water drip irrigation lines in the east-west direction;
(5) soil preparation and ridge making: making ridges in the north-south direction, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 1m, the depth of the furrow is 20cm, the width is 25-30cm, and the ridge surface is leveled;
(6) drip irrigation arrangement: according to the planting requirement, two drip irrigation belts are laid on each ridge surface, fresh water drip irrigation is carried out by adopting an intermittent drip irrigation method, 5 days are a period, and the period comprises 3 days of continuous drip irrigation and 2 days of interval;
(7) planting and transplanting solanaceous plants in the first year; and (5) cultivating fruits and vegetables after the next year.
Further, the length of the corn straws in the step (3) is 3-5cm, and the laying thickness is 5-7 cm.
Further, the drip irrigation amount per cycle in the step (6) is 60m
3The total drop irrigation amount of fresh water is 240m
3。
Furthermore, the solanaceous plants in the step (7) are eggplant, hot pepper and tomato.
According to the method for producing the original soil facility for the coastal heavy saline-alkali land, provided by the technical scheme, through the combination of concealed pipes, improvement and drip irrigation, the salt content of the surface layer is reduced to be below 0.3%, the volume weight is reduced by 20%, the organic matter is increased by 75%, the heavy saline-alkali land is utilized in a facility manner through the matching of fruits and vegetables, compared with soilless culture, the method is strong in sustainability and low in cost, particularly, the cultivation of fruit trees such as greenhouse grapes and peaches is strong in follow-up controllability, and a feasible new way is provided for the facility production of the heavy saline-alkali land.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the following description is given in conjunction with the accompanying examples. It is to be understood that the following text is merely illustrative of one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of the invention as specifically claimed.
Examples
In 2016 + 2017, experiments are carried out in Asahi agricultural ecological garden in ecological city of Gaochi Fei Dian region in Tangshan mountain, the soil in the region belongs to coastal saline-alkali soil, the soil salt content is mainly sodium chloride, the soil salt content is 1.15%, the soil pH is 7.86, and the soil unit weight is 1.67g/cm
3And the underground water burial depth is 1.5 m. The utilized shed room is a rack type mushroom shed, and the soil is not utilized in agriculture before.
In 2016, 4 months and 10 days, constructing a salt-removing and soil-improving system, wherein the length of a greenhouse is 75m, the width of the greenhouse is 8m, manual ditching is carried out on the greenhouse along the middle position of the east-west direction, the ditch width is 35cm, the length is 73m (2 m is left at the doorway of the greenhouse and is not ditched), the initial ditch depth is 55-60cm, the slope drop is 0.1%, and a hidden pipe drainage hole is arranged on the west wall of the greenhouse and is communicated with a wall drainage pipe; digging a ditch every 5m in the north-south direction of the greenhouse, wherein the north end of the ditch is 1m away from the north wall of the greenhouse, the south end of the ditch is 0.5m away from the south wall of the greenhouse, and the south-north ditch has the depth of 60cm and the width of 35 cm. Arranging 50 mm-diameter reticulated tubes in the ditches, wrapping the reticulated tubes by outer non-woven fabrics, laying the east-west ditch hidden tubes firstly, laying the south-north ditch hidden tubes later, filling the north-south ditch hidden tubes with crushed stones with the particle size of about 0.5cm and the depth of 10cm, covering the hidden tubes, and then filling the original soil.
2700kg of phosphogypsum is applied to the shed, the ground is spread, and then the dry cow dung is spread by 12m
3And then, spreading the corn straws on the surface layer, wherein the length of the corn straws is 3-5cm, and the laying thickness is 5 cm. Mixing with an excavator, and turning to a depth of 35-40 cm.
Making ridges in the north-south direction, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 1m, the depth of the furrow is 20-25cm, the width is 30cm, the ridge surface is leveled, water drainage and salt reduction are facilitated,
4 months and 15 days, drip irrigation, performing fresh water drip irrigation by adopting an intermittent drip irrigation method, laying two drip irrigation belts on each furrow surface, continuously drip irrigation for 3 days at an interval of 2 days for 5 days, and performing drip irrigation with the drip irrigation quantity of 20m each day
3The effective drip irrigation time is 12 days, and the total drip irrigation amount of fresh water is 240m
3. Sampling after drip irrigation, wherein the sampling depth is divided into three layers, namely 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm, sampling is carried out 12 times per shed, the average value is taken, sampling is carried out according to the original position in 5 months in 2017, and continuous tracking determination is carried out.
TABLE 1 soil salinity Change
As can be seen from the table 1, after the soil layer of 40cm is subjected to drip irrigation, the salinity is reduced by 0.28% on average under the influence of soil improvement, the salinity is reduced by 75% compared with the initial salinity, the salinity reducing effect is obvious, after the soil is planted for one year, the salinity of the soil on the surface layer is obviously reduced under the actions of fresh water drip irrigation, crop root growth and the like, the salinity content reaches the level of light saline-alkali soil, and the soil of 40-60cm is not changed greatly but has a tendency of reduction.
TABLE 2 change of organic matter and volume weight of soil
As seen from the table 2, the average amount of organic matters in the soil of 0-60cm before improvement is 7.8g/kg, the soil belongs to 5 grades of nutrient classification, the organic matters are extremely poor, the organic matters are greatly improved after improvement, particularly, the average amount of the organic matters in the plough layer of 0-40cm reaches 13.8g/kg, and is increased by 76.9 percent compared with the amount of the organic matters before improvement, mainly because cow dung and straws are applied, the soil fertility is improved, and the organic matters are improved to 4 grades; from the change of volume weight, the volume weight of 0-60cm before improvement is 1.82g/cm on average
3The soil is sticky and heavy and is not suitable for the growth of crops; the volume weight of the improved soil is greatly reduced, particularly the volume weight of 0-40cm plough layer soil is averagely 1.44g/cm
3Compared with the prior art, the yield is reduced by 20.3 percent, thereby meeting the requirement of crop growth. From the deep soil of 40-60cm, the change of organic matters and volume weight is not obvious, which indicates that the change of soil indexes is related to the application of the modifying agent, and the soil condition should be continuously improved along with the continuous cultivation and root growth of crops.
And 5, 22 days in the month of 5, beginning to transplant eggplant seedlings, planting two lines in each ridge, wherein the planting distance is 45cm, and normally managing water and fertilizer in the later period. And planting tomatoes in early spring of 2017. The average yield per mu of the eggplants is 4726.6kg, the tomato is produced by four spikes, the average yield per mu is 4125.7kg, and the growth vigor is good.
The calcium ions rich in the phosphogypsum are used for exchanging sodium ions in the saline-alkali soil to adjust the pH value of the soil, the cow dung and the corn straws are used for improving the physicochemical property of the saline-alkali soil, the volume weight can be reduced by 20 percent, and the organic matter is improved by 60 percent.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various equivalent changes and substitutions without departing from the principle of the present invention after learning the content of the present invention, and these equivalent changes and substitutions should be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for producing original soil facilities of coastal heavy saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting land parcels: selecting a land block with a salt content of less than 1.5% and a high terrain from a 0.5m soil body in a heavy salt alkali area;
(2) arranging a concealed pipe: after the greenhouse is planned, ditching at the middle position of the greenhouse along the east-west direction of the greenhouse, wherein the east-west slope is reduced by 0.1 percent, the width of the ditch is 35-40cm, the initial ditch depth is 55-60cm, and the west wall of the greenhouse is provided with a hidden pipe drainage hole which is communicated with a drainage ditch outside the wall; digging a ditch every 5m in the north-south direction of the greenhouse, wherein the north end of the ditch is 1m away from the north wall of the greenhouse, the south end of the ditch is 0.5m away from the south wall of the greenhouse, the depth of the south ditch and the north ditch is 55-60cm, and the width of the south ditch and the north ditch is the same as that of the east-west ditch; a reticulated tube is arranged in the groove, and a non-woven fabric is wrapped outside the reticulated tube; firstly, laying the east-west ditch hidden pipes, then laying the north-south ditch hidden pipes, then filling with 8-10cm of broken stones, and finally filling with original soil;
(3) surface soil improvement: leveling the land after laying the concealed pipes, wherein each 667m of land is
23000kg of phosphogypsum and 15m of dry cow dung are applied
3Then, the corn straw is used for spreading the surface layer; after the spreading is finished, uniformly mixing; wherein the soil excavation depth is required to be 35-40 cm;
(4) and (3) constructing facilities: constructing a greenhouse and a water supply system according to the requirements of the ground temperature, and paving main fresh water drip irrigation lines in the east-west direction;
(5) soil preparation and ridge making: making ridges in the north-south direction, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 1m, the depth of the furrow is 20cm, the width is 25-30cm, and the ridge surface is leveled;
(6) drip irrigation arrangement: according to the planting requirement, two drip irrigation belts are laid on each ridge surface, fresh water drip irrigation is carried out by adopting an intermittent drip irrigation method, 5 days are a period, and the period comprises 3 days of continuous drip irrigation and 2 days of interval;
(7) planting and transplanting solanaceous plants in the first year; and (5) cultivating fruits and vegetables after the next year.
2. The method for producing the original soil facility for the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the length of the corn straw is 3-5cm, and the laying thickness is 5-7 cm.
3. The method for producing the original soil facility for the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the drip irrigation amount per period in the step (6) is 60m
3The total drop irrigation amount of fresh water is 240m
3。
4. The method for producing the original soil facility for the coastal heavy saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: in the step (7), the solanaceous plants are eggplant, hot pepper and tomato.
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| CN109197411B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2021-02-05 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | A method for planting salt-tolerant forage grasses under drip irrigation in deep furrows and wide ridges in sandy soil in arid areas |
| CN109743922A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-14 | 盐城市农产品质量监督检验测试中心 | A kind of improvement method of greenhouse vegetable soil |
| CN110352779A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-10-22 | 唐山曹妃甸区天旭生态农业有限公司 | A kind of method of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore peach facility cultivation |
| CN110402752A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-11-05 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | A kind of method of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore facility grape original soil cultivation |
| CN111345139A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-06-30 | 石河子大学 | Three-dimensional space cooperative type comprehensive treatment mode and construction method for heavy salinization farmland |
| CN112189499A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-08 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for planting figs in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil |
| CN113057077A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-02 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for improving soil and reducing salt in facility greenhouse of saline-alkali area, fertilizing and planting strawberries |
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| KR20100050025A (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-13 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Method of forming planting soil using the dredging soil of reclaimed land |
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| CN103477952A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2014-01-01 | 石河子大学 | Agriculture water and soil improvement irrigation and drainage system |
| CN104285533B (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2016-08-24 | 赵俊瑞 | A kind of method utilizing agricultural stalk improvement alkaline land soil |
| CN104472052B (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-03-02 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of engineering-chemical-biological-desalination water saving-information technology improvement saline land method |
| CN104429214B (en) * | 2014-12-06 | 2016-04-13 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | One engineering-chemistry-desalination water-saving technology preliminary transformation salinity ground method |
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| KR20100050025A (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-13 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Method of forming planting soil using the dredging soil of reclaimed land |
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