CN105165511A - Large-scale forestation method for shrub species for especially-poor saline and alkaline land - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-scale forestation method for shrub species for especially-poor saline and alkaline land. The method comprises the steps of constructing a drainage system, carrying out forestation species selecting, carrying out soil amendment, carrying out land preparation bedding, carrying out mulching film covering, carrying out forestation and carrying out management. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that no sandstone salt separating layer exists, a forest tree layer and soil interact, the depth of growth of roots can gradually increase, megaphanerophyte can gradually grow on forest land, and the survival rate of forestation is greatly increased; the cost of forestation greening of strongly-saline soil is remarkably reduced, and the forestation cost is not higher than 20 RMB per square meter; and the conventional agricultural measures are adopted, forest tree root growth layers can gradually promote the amendment and salt reduction of subsoil, forest trees and environment can form a healthy ecological system after the subsoil is subjected to natural salt reduction, irrigation is not required, and the management is hardly needed at the later stage.

Description

A kind of saline and alkaline exceptionally poverty-stricken ground shrub species scale method of forestation

Technical field

The present invention relates to afforestation technology field, particularly a kind of saline and alkaline exceptionally poverty-stricken ground shrub species scale method of forestation.

Background technology

(1) jiangsu coast saline and alkaline exceptionally poverty-stricken ground on the spot feature and afforestation difficult point

Jiangsu coast is typical what elongated beach, can for forestry applications be on the spot generally newly enclose and cultivate, the supporting region not in place of irrigation and water conservancy.On the spot soil cultivating layer is shallow for these, and generally not having can plow layer, or plow layer is within 5cm.Soil structure is poor, and soil property is fine and smooth aleuritic texture, and particle is little, without granular structure; Soil compaction, poor air permeability; Soil capillary is flourishing, and soil water evaporation is fast, and salt submeter oozes frequently, seriously.Soil is barren, and nitrogen stress, scarce phosphorus, scarce organic matter, 40cm shows native soil salt content between 0.1% to 2%, P in soil H value 8.6 to 8.9.

Jiangsu coast saline and alkaline exceptionally poverty-stricken ground water conservancy projects and working condition poor, plant growth, except perniciousness harm, is also subject to the adverse effect of the aspects such as water, soil, gas, is also subject to drought, damage caused by waterlogging and windburn harm, the forest kind that natural world is suitable raw.

(2) the saline and alkaline exceptionally poverty-stricken field planting state of the art in Jiangsu

Saline and alkaline exceptionally poverty-stricken field planting relates to the aspects such as alkaline land improving, afforestation Material selec-tion, afforestation and administrative skill.

1. alkaline land improving technology

The most important factor of influence of coast saline-alkali soil forestation is exactly that Saline Alkali Stress and soil are barren.Therefore, alkaline land improving and salt reduction control alkali are the important prerequisite conditions that beach saline land utilizes.Generally there are bioanalysis, Physical and chemical method and comprehensive improvement method.

Bioanalysis

By plantation salt-resistant varieties, increase soil fertility and edaphon can be played, improve soil structure, suppress the effects such as soil moisture excessive evaporation.The plant of biological modification method application is generally clover, sesbania, cotton, corn etc.The improved effect of biological modification method to alkaline earth is better than solonchak, and its application is subject to the restriction of plant self Salt And Alkali Tolerance, waterlogging and drought-resistance ability, heavy salinized ground or the violent on the spot effect of soil salts density change poor, maybe can not apply.

(2) Physical

Physically improvedly comprise the measures such as irrigation, covering.According to the feature of moisture-salt transport, control soil water evaporation can alleviate salt submeter and gather, and reaches the object of improvement.Research is presented on saline land after cover crop stalk, obviously can reduce soil water evaporation, suppresses salt submeter to gather.Improving straw mulching is aggregate measures agronomy and water conservancy combined, and both plays water saving effect, plays improving soil fertility again.Except utilizing improving straw mulching, in production, also alkaline land improving is carried out in extensive use plastic mulching, and they are in minimizing agricultural land soil invalid evaporation, and regulate the distribution of salinity in the soil body, the aspects such as high yield all have certain effect.

(3) chemical method

Chemical amendments conventional in production is manure use, acidic fertilizier and phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer.The improvement of alkali-affected soil need add calcareous material to replace the sodium of soil colloids absorption or to adopt the method improvement of acid adding or acidic materials.Enrich the fertilizer of calcic, survival ability and the resistance against diseases of plant in salt environment can be improved; Potassium, phosphate fertilizer also can improve the adaptive capacity of crop to salt stress.

In recent years, utilize industrial waste to improve on a large scale attention that saline land also obtains scholar, domestic report utilizes ardealite, citric acid waste, desulfurated plaster and Methane fermented sludge, natural pond liquid etc. to improve alkaline earth remarkable effect.

2. salt tolerant Forest Tree New Varieties seed selection

China's salt-tolerant plant breeding level is basic synchronous with international most advanced level, and to similar abroad, large quantifier elimination focuses mostly on crops, and in trees and energy-source plant, research is less.In conventional breeding, China all carried out relevant research to dozens of seeds such as willow, locust tree, metasequoia, willow, black pine, horsetail beefwood, eucalyptus, diversiform-leaved poplar, swamp cypress, Fraxinus velutina, Chinese scholar tree, Chinese tamarisk, mulberry tree, mangrove forest seeds and China trees, comprised seeds Evaluation of Salt Tolerance and salt resistance Clone Selection etc.; To emphasis seeds proposing improvement strategy, as Zhong Chonglu (2000) propose horsetail beefwood will from kind, each level of provenance, family, clone carries out shelter forest multiple characters comprehensive selection; Liang Kunnan etc. (2003) measure the growth of Eucalyptus urophylla 11 provenances, 174 familys, 2,3 years raw pilot forests and wind resistance, and Preliminary screening goes out the wind resistance fast-growing family of 32 applicable west of Guangdong Province Yuexi growths.Hao Jinbiao etc. (2004) analyze the barrier factors of 5 aspects of restriction Along The Coast of Shandong Province shelter forest choice of tree species, set forth the choice of tree species principle of coast protection forest, have been introduced with regard to arbor available in Along The Coast of Shandong Province shelterbelt construction, shrub, herbaceous plant resource respectively.Tropical Forest research institute of forest-science academy of China is in mangrove forest research, assume responsibility for the national brainstorm project of country " eight or five " and " 95 ", propose the supporting technology such as the phenophase of Mangroves seeds, seed collecting, kind real storage, nursery, afforestation, and in a planned way the tropical tree species such as pagatpat, Hai Sang, Hai Lian, water coconut palm are introduced a fine variety to the ground such as Guangdong and Fujian.On the whole, except the raw seeds of salt such as mangrove forest seeds, horsetail beefwood and Chinese tamarisk, over nearly 30 years, the breeding of several seeds that locust tree, American elm, China tree, middle mountain China fir etc. can be only had limited in the forest kind of Jiangsu Coastal saline land scale afforestation of artificially breeding, due to assay method disunity, these breeding salt tolerant (NaCL) degree of bibliographical information are between 0.2%-0.8%, but time afforestation on the spot in introducing Jiangsu Coastal saline land, when taking stronger engineering measure, higher survival rate and amount of growth can be reached, can be used for passageway greening or plant area's greening; When adopting conventional agriculture measure, salt content 0.3%, on the spot the going up of height above sea level about 2 meters, the general survival rate of these seeds is extremely low, or can not normal growth after surviving, dead in 2-5.

Since some osmotic adjustment genes and the gene relevant to plant salt Stress responses separated and clone out, transgenic breeding technology is more and more paid attention to.Liu Fenghua etc. are studied the situation improving salt-resistance in BADH gene transferred plant body; [think after proceeding to codA gene, the salt resistance of persimmon obtains effective raising to Gao etc.; Gervera etc. also obtain the salt tolerant oranges and tangerines proceeding to HAL2 gene.Domestic correlative study is all carried out to diversiform-leaved poplar salt tolerant zinc finger protein gene, the reverse transport carrier protein gene of Na+/H+, H+2AF2Pase gene and nhx gene etc., in the breeding of willow salt resistance, had a large amount of Study on Genetic Transformation bibliographical informations.From research history and technology maturity aspect, the breeding of forest salt resistance genetic transformation is still in the exploratory stage; In addition, except Salt Strees Condition, beach saline land other Hazard factor such as also have alkali, arid, waterflooding, soil barren, under severe natural conditions, the key factor affecting coast saline-alkali soil forestation success or failure can be become, therefore, adopt the difficulty of genetic transfoumation cultivation commercial variety larger.

Although the breeding of forest salt resistance has longer research history, at present many, the experiment condition controllability of field trial disturbing factor and uniformity poor, the poor repeatability of experiment condition and result of the test; And modern transgenic technology is still in the exploratory stage, the theoretical foundation of forest Recent Progress in Study on Salt Tolerance is still comparatively weak.Therefore, resistance forest breed breeding still needs self the adaptability feature making full use of species, from the research on basis as the collection of germ plasm resource and gene mutation body widely, screening, arrangement are done, progressively improves in a down-to-earth manner the resistance of high quality tree species.

3. beach afforestation technology research

The research of forefathers focuses mostly in coast protection forest and forestry management etc., and what relate to mostly is dike, dam etc. through engineering collection soil on the spot, or possesses fresh water irrigation condition, or soil salt content below 0.1% on the spot.But at medium saliferous, large-scale planting technical elements without fresh water irrigation condition solonchak, rarely see correlative study.In recent years, because coastal development planning advances, for meeting the needs of coastal industry campus environment greening, relevant unit carries out the Silvicultural Engineering technical research and application that set foot in the exceptionally poverty-stricken ground of coastal saline-alkali, on the basis of engineering measure, carry out the agent of soil quick improvement, the application of heavy dose of fertilizer, covered conduit salt discharge, container seedling successively, hindered every salt technical research such as oozing, these researchs are significant to the Silvicultural Engineering of strand strongly salined soil, are suitable for zonule, high cost, Silvicultural Engineering for the purpose of afforesting.In the strongly salined soil afforestation of strand, still rest on the conventional art levels such as high ridge, zanjon, covering, choose reasonable reproducting tree species (kind) and the integrated application with soil quick improvement, afforestation technology to how, obtain effect little.

(3) technical need

Along with the quickening and deeply of jiangsu coast development process, coastal development scope progressively advances to seashore.Build good ecotope, build the urgent task that perfect coastal agriculture and forestry economic structure is coastal various places government; afforestation is the important means of improvement of the ecological environment; in recent years; one line sea wall outer and more than medium saliferous (0.2%) afforestation demand on the spot constantly increase, in the urgent need to the saline-alkali soil forestation technology of low cost, scale application.

In sum, current jiangsu coast is saline and alkaline is not suitable with forest normal growing conditions exceptionally poverty-strickenly, lacks scale afforestation technology.At present this kind of can the technology of ripe application be on the spot covered conduit salt discharge Silvicultural Engineering technology, but the maximum shortcoming of this technology is exactly high cost, can only be applied to the landscape engineering of zonule, be difficult to scale and be applied to production of forestry.

The main technical flows of covered conduit salt discharge Silvicultural Engineering technology is cut the earth 80 centimetres dark (doing afforestation soil melioration), laying plastics salt discharge pipe-line system, sandstone every salt deposit, time soil (soil after improvement), afforestation, grass planting, irrigation comprehensively simultaneously.The shortcoming of this technology is embodied in the following aspects:

1, cost of forestation

Prior art every square metre cost of forestation, between 120 yuan to 200 yuan, cannot be used for scale afforestation and produce.

2, ecology influence

Existing engineering planting site needs to introduce the heterogeneous hard-degraded substances such as a large amount of sandstone, plastic tube, and forest cannot form intact ecocystem with lower soil.Although can every salt, even if after lower soil nature salt reduction from now on, fine-root also cannot absorb moisture and nutrition from underground, and standing forest needs regularly to water, otherwise is easily subject to drought stress.

3. tree growth impact

Existing engineering is owing to laying after salt deposit, and the growth soil layer of forest only has about 60cm, has influence on the Seedling height of megaphanerophyte in the future.

4. manage and protect cost high

Prior art, due to layer of plants " earth-free gas ", needs more irrigation to manage and protect cost after afforestation.Cannot apply there is no the place of irrigation conditions.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to solve the deficiency of prior art problem and a kind of saline and alkaline exceptionally poverty-stricken ground shrub species scale method of forestation is provided, survival rate can be improved; Improve unit forest land Tree biomass; Remarkable reduction strongly salined soil afforestation cost; Afforestation, summer get final product closing then, under standing forest and saline land interact, form the eucyclic ecosystem rapidly.

For achieving the above object, the present invention implements according to following technical scheme:

A kind of saline and alkaline exceptionally poverty-stricken ground shrub species scale method of forestation, comprises the following steps:

1) drainage system builds: at jiangsu coast 40cm soil layer salt content less than 0.5%, pH value less than 8.9 on the spot, drainage system inside and outside through forest land, and subterranean water level controls below 0.6 meter;

2) afforestation kind: select the one in shrub willow, shrubby flase indigo, matrimony vine, 4 times of body locust trees;

3) soil melioration: start soil melioration in 1 year half in advance, uses cow dung, fertilizer more than 2 tons that fresh weight is more than 8 tons in mid-November, the 1st, ploughs deeply 40 centimetres, and next year plantation sesbania 8 kgs/acre, executes 30 kilograms of superphosphate, 20 kilograms of urea; Pulverize to turn over before seed maturity and bury, the degree of depth 40 centimetres; Plough deeply 40 centimetres, leveling earth mid-December again;

4) make bed: next year, soil taked high bed to afforest after thawing wholely, planting site digs every 30 meters the drain ditch that 40 centimetres dark, 60 centimetres wide, cutting bed bed surface is wide 1.2 meters, length 30 meters, 30 centimetres wide, 20 centimetres dark ditches are dug between adjacent two, before making bed, use water-loss reducer 3 kgs/acre for every mu;

5) plastic mulching: build after bed completes, use black film mulching seedbed;

6) afforest: afforest to the middle ten days at early March, shrub willow top diameter more than 1 centimetre, long 15 centimetres and diameter and the long standard deviation of bar are no more than the cuttings cutting forset-plantation of 10%, during cuttage, bud upwards, straight cutting, cuttings upper end be concordant with bed surface, every longitudinal cuttage two row, spacing in the rows 0.4 meter, line-spacing is not less than 1.0 meters; Shrubby flase indigo or matrimony vine or 4 times of body locust trees take tree planting, adopt life in 1 year, leading thread more than 0.8 centimetre, height of seedling more than 1 meter and diameter and height of seedling standard deviation be no more than 10% sprout building afforestation, every 1 row that plants seedlings, spacing in the rows 0.5 meter, with the damaged mouth of fine earth compacting mulch film after afforestation, especially the damaged mouth of cuttings and shoot root portion mulch film of planting, covers the cutted straw clayed aluminium alloy of 5 cm thicks between last line;

7) manage: during tree planting, afforest without rain in 1 week, then stump immediately after afforesting, pile is concordant with bed surface, after Plastic-film disintegration breakage, when weeds germinate, with small-sized machine in the ranks rotary tillage loosen the soil and weeding, after after-culture in the end of the year is short of seedling, whole stump.

As preferably, described shrub willow is the one in Su Liu 52-2, Su Liu 1050 and Su Liu 2345.

Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:

1, the present invention is without sandstone every salt deposit, and by forest layer and soil interaction, the degree of depth of root growth can be deepened gradually, and forest land progressively can grow megaphanerophyte, greatly improves survival rate;

2, the present invention significantly reduces strongly salined soil afforestation cost, and cost of forestation is not higher than 20 yuan every square metre;

3, the present invention adopts conventional agriculture measure.Tree root growth layer progressively can promote that lower soil is improved and salt reduction, and after lower soil nature salt reduction, forest and environment can form the healthy ecosystem, and the present invention does not need to irrigate, and the later stage needs to manage and protect hardly.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, is used for explaining the present invention in this illustrative examples of inventing and explanation, but not as a limitation of the invention.

A kind of saline and alkaline exceptionally poverty-stricken ground shrub species scale method of forestation, comprises the following steps:

1) drainage system builds: at jiangsu coast 40cm soil layer salt content less than 0.5%, pH value less than 8.9 on the spot, drainage system inside and outside through forest land, and subterranean water level controls below 0.6 meter;

2) afforestation kind: select the one in shrub willow, shrubby flase indigo, matrimony vine, 4 times of body locust trees, described shrub willow is the one in Su Liu 52-2, Su Liu 1050 and Su Liu 2345;

3) soil melioration: start soil melioration in 1 year half in advance, uses cow dung, fertilizer more than 2 tons that fresh weight is more than 8 tons in mid-November, the 1st, ploughs deeply 40 centimetres, and next year plantation sesbania 8 kgs/acre, executes 30 kilograms of superphosphate, 20 kilograms of urea; Pulverize to turn over before seed maturity and bury, the degree of depth 40 centimetres; Plough deeply 40 centimetres, leveling earth mid-December again;

4) make bed: next year, soil taked high bed to afforest after thawing wholely, planting site digs every 30 meters the drain ditch that 40 centimetres dark, 60 centimetres wide, cutting bed bed surface is wide 1.2 meters, length 30 meters, 30 centimetres wide, 20 centimetres dark ditches are dug between adjacent two, before making bed, use water-loss reducer 3 kgs/acre for every mu;

5) plastic mulching: build after bed completes, use black film mulching seedbed;

6) afforest: afforest to the middle ten days at early March, shrub willow top diameter more than 1 centimetre, long 15 centimetres and diameter and the long standard deviation of bar are no more than the cuttings cutting forset-plantation of 10%, during cuttage, bud upwards, straight cutting, cuttings upper end be concordant with bed surface, every longitudinal cuttage two row, spacing in the rows 0.4 meter, line-spacing is not less than 1.0 meters; Shrubby flase indigo or matrimony vine or 4 times of body locust trees take tree planting, adopt life in 1 year, leading thread more than 0.8 centimetre, height of seedling more than 1 meter and diameter and height of seedling standard deviation be no more than 10% sprout building afforestation, every 1 row that plants seedlings, spacing in the rows 0.5 meter, with the damaged mouth of fine earth compacting mulch film after afforestation, especially the damaged mouth of cuttings and shoot root portion mulch film of planting, covers the cutted straw clayed aluminium alloy of 5 cm thicks between last line;

7) manage: during tree planting, afforest without rain in 1 week, then stump immediately after afforesting, pile is concordant with bed surface, after Plastic-film disintegration breakage, when weeds germinate, with small-sized machine in the ranks rotary tillage loosen the soil and weeding, after after-culture in the end of the year is short of seedling, whole stump.

In order to verify feasibility of the present invention, 2013 to 2014 at Yancheng City Dafeng City of Jiangsu Province coastal strongly salined soil in Cao Miao town on the spot, and construction shrub willow breeding afforestation demonstration forest 110 mu, forest land initial salt content is 0.2%-0.4%.Wherein within 2013, build 66 mu, within 2014, built 44 mu, the shrub willow breeding of employing is the improved Varieties such as Su Liu 52-2, Su Liu 1053.Cutting forset-plantation then raw shrub willow mean height reaches 1.8 meters, leading thread 1.2 centimetres, survival rate 95%, and does not take the on the spot similar of this pattern, still cannot afforest after 2 years.

Technical scheme of the present invention is not limited to the restriction of above-mentioned specific embodiment, the technology distortion that every technical scheme according to the present invention is made, and all falls within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a saline and alkaline exceptionally poverty-stricken ground shrub species scale method of forestation, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

1) drainage system builds: at jiangsu coast 40cm soil layer salt content less than 0.5%, pH value less than 8.9 on the spot, drainage system inside and outside through forest land, and subterranean water level controls below 0.6 meter;

2) afforestation kind: select the one in shrub willow, shrubby flase indigo, matrimony vine, 4 times of body locust trees;

3) soil melioration: start soil melioration in 1 year half in advance, uses cow dung, fertilizer more than 2 tons that fresh weight is more than 8 tons in mid-November, the 1st, ploughs deeply 40 centimetres, and next year plantation sesbania 8 kgs/acre, executes 30 kilograms of superphosphate, 20 kilograms of urea; Pulverize to turn over before seed maturity and bury, the degree of depth 40 centimetres; Plough deeply 40 centimetres, leveling earth mid-December again;

4) make bed: next year, soil taked high bed to afforest after thawing, and planting site digs every 30 meters the drain ditch that 40 centimetres dark, 60 centimetres wide wholely; Cutting bed bed surface is wide 1.2 meters, long 30 meters, dig 30 centimetres wide, 20 centimetres dark ditches between adjacent two, before making bed, use water-loss reducer 3 kgs/acre for every mu;

5) plastic mulching: build after bed completes, use black film mulching seedbed;

6) afforest: afforest to the middle ten days at early March, shrub willow top diameter more than 1 centimetre, long 15 centimetres and diameter and the long standard deviation of bar are no more than the cuttings cutting forset-plantation of 10%, during cuttage, bud upwards, straight cutting, cuttings upper end be concordant with bed surface, every longitudinal cuttage two row, spacing in the rows 0.4 meter, line-spacing is not less than 1.0 meters; Shrubby flase indigo or matrimony vine or 4 times of body locust trees take tree planting, adopt life in 1 year, leading thread more than 0.8 centimetre, height of seedling more than 1 meter and diameter and height of seedling standard deviation be no more than 10% sprout building afforestation, every 1 row that plants seedlings, spacing in the rows 0.5 meter, with the damaged mouth of fine earth compacting mulch film after afforestation, between last line, cover the cutted straw clayed aluminium alloy of 5 cm thicks;

7) manage: during tree planting, afforest without rain in 1 week, then stump immediately after afforesting, pile is concordant with bed surface, after Plastic-film disintegration breakage, when weeds germinate, with small-sized machine in the ranks rotary tillage loosen the soil and weeding, after after-culture in the end of the year is short of seedling, whole stump.

2. saline and alkaline exceptionally poverty-stricken ground shrub species scale method of forestation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described shrub willow is the one in Su Liu 52-2, Su Liu 1050 and Su Liu 2345.