CN101785414B - Rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting method - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting method, which is characterized by comprising the following: a, a step of preparing land, which is to level and harrow land before sowing, replenish pre-sowing water and keep soil moisture between 75 and 85 percent; b, a step of sowing, which is to uniformly sow rice seeds on the land finished in a step a, wherein the amount of seeds per each Mu of land is 2.5 to 5.4 kg; c, a step of earthing up, which is to earth up at a height of 1.5 to 3 centimeters after sowing is finished; d, a step of compacting, which is to compact after earthing up; and e, a step of spraying film, which is to add 0.03 to 0.06 kilogram of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid serving as herbicide to 60 to 80 liters of water, mix and stir the materials and uniformly spraying the obtained product on the compacted land so as to finish the dry farming and direct seeding of rice. The rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting method can leave out two work links of cultivating seedlings and transplanting. After multifunctional degradable liquid mulching film is sprayed on ground, effective accumulated temperature can be increased; rice water shortage is alleviated; the physical and chemical properties of soil are improved; microbial activity is improved; the decomposition and release of soil organic substances are accelerated; the transfer of effective nutrient to plants is accelerated; and the photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient conveying rate of rice are improved. The method has the advantages of ensuring exuberant tillering tendency, low positions of tillering knobs and numerous big ears, saving water by 50 to 70 percent and increasing yield by about 10 percent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting method of crops, particularly relate to a kind of rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting method.
Background technology
China's water resources ownership per capita is merely world occupancy volume per person's 1/4, comes the 110th in the world, is classified as one of 13 poor-water states in the world by the United Nations.15 provinces years of northern China, water resources ownership per capita was 1141 cubic metres, southern 16 provinces year water resources ownership per capita be 3 times of the north.North cone of groundwater area reaches 1,500,000,000 square metres.The lack of water reality that the north is serious causes the Yellow River cutout, the withered and atrophy in lake, and vegetation degeneration, wither away in the oasis, and the desertification of land salinization of soil is accelerated.To the year two thousand thirty, China's population total amount will reach 1,600,000,000, with 400 kilograms of calculating of year grain occupancy volume per capita, 1,600,000,000 population year the grain aggregate demand be 6.4 hundred million tons.Because rice yield accounts for about 40% of China's total output of grain, to the year two thousand thirty China's population paddy aggregate demand be about 2.56 hundred million～2.72 hundred million tons.In fact, the present paddy rice gross yield of China is less than 200,000,000 tons.To under the limited water resource condition, excavate the potentiality of increasing production of rice, the one, by the expansion cultivated area, the 2nd, by improving specific yield.Want the expanding water seed rice and plant area, southern rice makes district's water resource and enriches, and irrigation conditions is better, but rice field area is saturated, does not have the land resources that can redevelop and utilize.Have only 100,000,000 mu of dry land soils leaved for development, the north of utilization, this road of developing high yield dry farming rice can have been walked.Because China only payes attention to the engineering water on long-term Rice Production; The new and high technology that lacks science water on the agronomy is used; Cause the serious waste of Rice Production to water resource; Concrete manifestation is following: one, the rice field water total amount is generally too high, and southern rice district per hectare water consumption is 5700～9000 cubic metres, 7500～22500 cubic metres in northern rice district.Two, ecological water ratio in rice field is excessive.Rice district, south is 3900～6000 cubic metres of per hectares, accounts for 60%～70% of total water amount, (1800～3000 cubic metres of physiology water requirements account for 30%～40%).Rice district, north per hectare is 5250～18000 cubic metres, takies 70%～85% (2250～4500 cubic metres of physiology water requirements account for 15%～30%) of water inventory.Three, the utilization ratio of paddy field water either is low excessively, and southern rice district is 0.6～0.9 liter/cubic metre, and northern rice district is 0.4～0.8 liter/cubic metre.It is thus clear that the irrigation water resource utilization is merely 30%～40%, annual irrigation water resource slatterns 1100 billion cubic meters at least, be equivalent to 4 the Yellow River year effective output.The existing rice area of China surpasses 3,000 ten thousand hectares, and the per hectare irrigation water is up to 7500～15000 cubic metres, and the irrigation water total amount accounts for more than 40% of national industrial or agricultural water total amount, and Rice Production is water consumption, power consumption first rich and influential family.Though it has supported China's 60% above population, the resource consumption that so tool is big is to the sustainable all-round developing huge obstacle that constitutes of Future in China economy.The rapid growth of city domestic water and industry and other agricultural water makes the paddy rice irrigation water more and more be difficult to guarantee.Especially 4,000,000 hectares of paddy fields in the north have 1/2 above area insufficient water sources, and 1/3 above area face supervises that the source has dried up.And south, annual dry season, folder autumn drought make the paddy rice underproduction in millions of hectares of fields on hill tops which depend on rains for waters, raised fields, field field again, and 100,000 hectares of total crop failures are arranged approximately.Moreover China's Rice Production is still continued to use shed the region between the heart and the diaphragm seedling, is made traditional planting patterns that water is transplanted at present.The region between the heart and the diaphragm seedling needs the strange land to fetch earth, and the shed construction needs the lot of materials input, and doing the water transplanting needs broad irrigation.Thereby fetch earth and cause the destruction of land resources in the strange land, and broad irrigation causes the waste of water resource, and the shed construction causes the waste of human and material resources and financial resources.The paddy rice cost increases.The upland rice plastic film covers the effect that can reach increasing both production and income, but plastic film is difficult to decomposition in natural environment, causes the secondary disaster of white pollution.Therefore changing rice makes mode, and using water-saving rice work technology is the basic outlet that guarantees China's paddy rice long term survival and development, also is the rational choice that China 21 century rice does.China has nearly 100,000,000 hectares of nonirrigated farmlands, and the rice dry-farming DEVELOPMENT PROSPECT is very wide.It also is the favourable assurance of grain security.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiency of prior art, and a kind of rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting method is provided, and is that the water-saving rice of development makes mode, improves water resource utilization efficiency, is the current problem that must solve.The rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting technology can make paddy rice per hectare water requirement reduce to 3000 cubic metres, improves water resource utilization efficiency more than 3 times.
Rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting method of the present invention is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A, whole ground: it is thin to sow preceding soil leveling rake, mends soil moisture water, and soil moisture remains between 75%～85%;
B, sowing: evenly sowing is on the soil of a step arrangement with rice paddy seed, and every mu of ground seed consumption is 2.5～5.4kg;
C, ridging: sowing is earthed up 1.5～3 centimetres after accomplishing;
D, suppression: after the ridging, suppress;
E, spray film: 0.2～0.3 kilogram of the butachlor solution of 10～15 kilograms of liquid films, 60% content, farming 0.2～0.3 kilogram of its solution of think of and the herbicide MCPA,MCP,methoxone of 10% content are joined mixing stirring in 60～80 premium on currency for 0.03～0.06 kilogram; Be sprayed on equably on the soil after the suppression, promptly accomplish the dry-farming direct-seeding of paddy rice.
As further improvement of the present invention, the paddy rice of common variety is planted with the method, and its seed consumption is 3.7～5kg/ mu.
As further improvement of the present invention, hybrid rice is planted with the method, and its seed consumption is 3～3.7kg/ mu.
The liquid film of being mentioned in the present patent application is public technology, sees that publication number is the open source literature that CN101481508, name are called a kind of humic acid multifunctional degradable black mulch film.
The difference of rice dry-farming direct-seeding and other planting type:
One, rice dry-farming: rice dry-farming is without growing seedlings and rice transplanting; Under the condition on the whole ground of drought, carry out direct-sowing dry, carry out the drought pipe time of infertility, required moisture is main with natural precipitation; Moistening irrigation pattern according to regular is carried out the field water management; Just in the need water critical period of paddy rice fertility, suitable supply moisture when meeting drought makes paddy rice give birth to down near the dry land state in soil moisture.
Two, the paddy rice drought is planted: it is the rice varieties of selecting relative drought resisting for use that drought is planted, and decides the moisture in the soil sowing, broadcasts the back earthing, and seedling stage, drought was long, and long its concrete time of drought is changeable, and moisturizing is decided as the case may be.Generally pour water at 4 leaf after dates.
Three, direct sowing on dry paddy field: direct sowing on dry paddy field is meant under the state of nonirrigated farmland rice paddy seed is directly broadcast into Honda, has removed the program of growing seedlings, transplanting from.The direct-sowing dry main feature is to be convenient to mechanized, can increase the benefit, and saves water resource and human resources.
Four, the difference of rice dry-farming direct-seeding liquid film technology and other planting type: the present technique scheme is that intensive and rice dry-farming, drought are planted, direct-sowing dry separately advantage cover the paddy rice that assembles a kind of innovation with liquid film and plant new technology.Its objective is with this innovative technology replace traditional growing seedlings, the transplanting rice cropping system; Present technique promotion and application in Rice Production can be practiced thrift the water resource more than 2/3; And can not influence the output of paddy rice, replenish the not enough problem of water resource in urban life and industry and other field with the water resource of practicing thrift.Adjustment water contradiction is accomplished the task that the water resource balance is used.
The difference of rice dry-farming direct-seeding liquid film technology and conventional transplanting rice: the one, modify-water is the whole ground of drought or no-tillage wholely, has practiced thrift a large amount of cultivated, whole ground water; The 2nd, it is live for the nonirrigated farmland to change the seedling transplanting, has simplified the field operational sequence, and production labor reduces, and reduces labour intensity; The 3rd, modify-water field kind rice is a nonirrigated farmland kind rice, does not need the field to keep water layer, can plant rice having on the nonirrigated farmland of irrigation conditions, thereby widen kind rice scope; The 4th, change that water layer management is arranged is no water layer management, to need water be main to satisfy paddy rice physiology, and water resource utilization efficiency is obviously improved; The 5th, because rice dry-farming direct-seeding does not keep water layer, carry out moisture management, it is few not raise the subterranean water level seepage, does not have the threat of secondary salinization of soil, and soil physical and chemical property is than good under the waterflooding state.The 6th, liquid film mulching soil top layer has and heats, preserves soil moisture, protects fertile effect, solved northern sowing time in spring chilling injury with the problem that reduces water evaporation.Liquid film is a semi-closed state, and rice seedling is grown under good gaseity, take root earlier, after emerge, divide skill root and Gen Maofada, the rice strain is resistant to lodging, drought resisting and anti-some damage by disease and insect ability strengthen.Liquid film begins degraded in the rice seedling middle and later periods, makes soil permeability better, and paddy growth middle and later periods soil redox potential is higher, and the root system vigor retention time is long, and it is solid to help being in the milk, and thousand kernel weight increases.
Rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting method of the present invention; Need the characteristics of water according to the paddy rice physiological ecological; Seedling stage, soil moisture remained on the normal growth that just can satisfy rice seedling between 75%～85%; Northern one season the rice operation area use the rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting technology, can omit and grow seedlings and transplant twice work link.Because of liquid film heats effect, can effectively solve the north chilling injury problem in spring sowing time.Because of the physical barrier of liquid film, cut off soil and atmosphere exchange process, suppressed the evaporation of moisture and scattered and disappeared, specifically advantage is following:
1, after multi-functional degraded liquid-state mulch film sprays ground, can increase effective accumulated temperature, alleviate the paddy rice lack of water; Improve soil physical and chemical property, improve microbial activity, accelerate decomposition of soil organic matter and release; Quicken the transfer of available nutrient, improve the transfer rate of paddy rice photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient to plant.The tiller gesture is vigorous, and tillering node is low, and big fringe is many.Using water wisely 50～70%.Improve output about 10%;
2, film is made at the scene, and is simple to operate, not limited by the ground type.Put seedling without artificial rupture of membrane, rice seedling is rupture of membranes and going out voluntarily, reduces the work link, improves productivity effect;
3, the advantage that has collection mulch film temperature adjustment, soil moisture conservation, activating soil, agricultural chemicals weed eradication and the surplus one of fertilizer once sprays and had both reached the purpose that multiple effects develops simultaneously;
4, weed eradication effect, butachlor medicament are to kill the barnyard grass grass, and it is to kill Sha section grass that its medicament is thought in farming, and MCPA,MCP,methoxone is killed broad leaved weed.The weed eradication medicament is with after liquid film mixes; Be sprayed at soil surface and form confining bed; Because of heating effect behind the liquid film sealing soil surface, make underground steam upwards layer accelerate to carry to meet and contain weed eradication medicament liquid film and stop and form water droplet, behind the weed eradication medicament in the water droplet dissolving liquid film in the backspace soil; Destroyed growth hormone gene by such medicament during the grass seed rudiment in the soil, kill the optimum efficiency of weeds in field more than 90% thereby reach;
5, after multi-functional degraded liquid-state mulch film sprays ground, begin degraded after 40 days, be degraded to fertilizer in 60 days.Thoroughly solve traditional mulch film and be difficult under field conditions (factors) decompose, caused problem of environmental pollution.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting method of the present invention is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A, whole ground: it is thin to sow preceding soil leveling rake, mends soil moisture water, and soil moisture remains between 75%～85%;
B, sowing: hybrid rice seeds 2.5kg is evenly sowed on the soil of a step arrangement;
C, ridging: sowing is earthed up 2 centimetres after accomplishing;
D, suppression: after the ridging, suppress;
E, spray film: 0.2 kilogram of the butachlor solution of 10 kilograms of liquid films, 60% content, its solution of farming think of 0.2 gram and the herbicide MCPA,MCP,methoxone of 10% content are joined mixing stirring in 60 premium on currency for 0.03 kilogram; Be sprayed on equably on the soil after the suppression, promptly accomplish the dry-farming direct-seeding of paddy rice.
Embodiment 2
Rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting method of the present invention is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A, whole ground: it is thin to sow preceding soil leveling rake, mends soil moisture water, and soil moisture remains between 75%～85%;
B, sowing: common rice seed 5.4kg is evenly sowed on the soil of a step arrangement;
C, ridging: sowing is earthed up 3 centimetres after accomplishing;
D, suppression: after the ridging, suppress;
E, spray film: 0.3 kilogram of the butachlor solution of 15 kilograms of liquid films, 60% content, farming 0.3 kilogram of its solution of think of and the herbicide MCPA,MCP,methoxone of 10% content are joined mixing stirring in 80 premium on currency for 0.06 kilogram; Be sprayed on equably on the soil after the suppression, promptly accomplish the dry-farming direct-seeding of paddy rice.
Embodiment 3
Rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting method of the present invention is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A, whole ground: it is thin to sow preceding soil leveling rake, mends soil moisture water, and soil moisture remains between 75%～85%;
B, sowing: evenly sowing is on the soil of a step arrangement with rice paddy seed, and every mu of ground seed consumption is 3.7kg;
C, ridging: sowing is earthed up 2.5～3 centimetres after accomplishing;
D, suppression: after the ridging, suppress;
E, spray film: 0.25 kilogram of the butachlor solution of 12 kilograms of liquid films, 60% content, farming 0.2～0.35 kilogram of its solution of think of and the herbicide MCPA,MCP,methoxone of 10% content are joined mixing stirring in 70 premium on currency for 0.04 kilogram; Be sprayed on equably on the soil after the suppression, promptly accomplish the dry-farming direct-seeding of paddy rice.
Embodiment 4
Rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting method of the present invention is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A, whole ground: it is thin to sow preceding soil leveling rake, mends soil moisture water, and soil moisture remains between 75%～85%;
B, sowing: evenly sowing is on the soil of a step arrangement with rice paddy seed, and every mu of ground seed consumption is 5kg;
C, ridging: sowing is earthed up 2.5～3 centimetres after accomplishing;
D, suppression: after the ridging, suppress;
E, spray film: 0.28 kilogram of the butachlor solution of 14 kilograms of liquid films, 60% content, farming 0.26 kilogram of its solution of think of and the herbicide MCPA,MCP,methoxone of 10% content are joined mixing stirring in 75 premium on currency for 0.05 kilogram; Be sprayed on equably on the soil after the suppression, promptly accomplish the dry-farming direct-seeding of paddy rice.
Embodiment 5
It is thin to sow preceding soil leveling rake, mends soil moisture water, and soil moisture remains between 75%～85%, begins sowing in good time.Type of seeding: decide with different customs according to different ecological condition, drilling, bunch planting, program request, broadcast sowing.Seeding quantity is confirmed: confirm that seeding quantity will suit measures to local conditions, decide according to different ecological condition and different cultivars.Avoided the harm to seed such as worm, bird, mouse because of there being liquid film to cover, more conventional Direct-seeding Rice sowing quantity reduces 30%～50%.Common variety consumption 3.7～5kg/mu, hybrid rice consumption 3～3.7kg/mu.Sowing depth: be advisable for 2～3 centimetres, be advisable for 1.5～2 centimetres in low-lying easy waterlogging ground, not above 4 centimetres.Because the generally length of the bud scale of paddy rice can only be grown to 3 centimetres, earthing surpasses 4 centimetres, the difficulty of emerging.After having trained soil, suppress;
Its 0.25 kilogram and 0.05 kilogram of weed eradication medicament of MCPA,MCP,methoxone is thought in 0.25 kilogram of the butachlor of 10～15 kilograms of liquid films, 60% content, 10% farming joined in 60～80 premium on currency, stir, it is sprayed on one mu equably.Spray film forming in 30 minutes, trampleed on interior avoiding in 40 days behind the spray film.Soil moisture keep about 80%, 4 leaves tillering stage before without moisturizing, meet the damage caused by a drought moisturizing that suits before tiller phase beginning and the heading.Seed is pressed distinct methods after planting, must suppress, seed and soil are connected airtight in order to suction germinate.Spray film after the suppression immediately.Make sowing, suppression, the continuous operation of spray symphysis, program once fulfils assignment.
After multi-functional degraded liquid-state mulch film sprays ground, increase about growth period duration of rice effective accumulated temperature 200 degree.The tiller gesture is vigorous, and tillering node is low, and big fringe is many.Per hectare increases tiller number more than 900,000,5～7 days in advance growth period duration of rice, 0～50 centimetre of salinity of soil and reduces about 50%, accelerates in the soil horizon a upwards layer transporting velocity of 0～50 centimetre of liquid manure, improves soil moisture content more than 30%; Unit weight reduces about 8%, and water-stable granular structure increases by 10%, using water wisely 50～70%; Increase soil fertility; Reduce chemical fertilizer and drop into 20%, increasing yield of paddy about 10%, the disposable weeds in field that knocks out is more than 90%.
Adopt the mechanical planting mode, mechanically supporting packer and spray-filming device tool, while Yi Bian accomplish to sow, suppress, spray film, program once fulfils assignment; Adopt the by artificial seeding, suppression after planting gets final product with watering can or with sprayer spray film.
Claims (1)
1. rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting method is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A, whole ground: it is thin to sow preceding soil leveling rake, mends soil moisture water, and soil moisture remains between 75%～85%;
B, sowing: evenly sowing is on the soil of a step arrangement with rice paddy seed, and every mu of ground seed consumption is 2.5～5.4kg;
C, ridging: sowing is earthed up 1.5～3 centimetres after accomplishing;
D, suppression: after the ridging, suppress;
E, spray film: 0.2～0.3 kilogram of the butachlor solution of 10～15 kilograms of liquid films, 60% content, farming 0.2～0.3 kilogram of its solution of think of and the herbicide MCPA,MCP,methoxone of 10% content are joined mixing stirring in 60～80 premium on currency for 0.03～0.06 kilogram; Be sprayed on equably on the soil after the suppression, promptly accomplish the dry-farming direct-seeding of paddy rice.
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| CN2010101442241A CN101785414B (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2010-04-12 | Rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting method |
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| CN2010101442241A CN101785414B (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2010-04-12 | Rice dry-farming direct-seeding planting method |
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| CN101785414A CN101785414A (en) | 2010-07-28 |
| CN101785414B true CN101785414B (en) | 2012-05-09 |
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| CN102487768B (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2014-04-02 | 中国水稻研究所 | Direct seedling type rice variety regional testing method |
| CN103931447A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2014-07-23 | 宁乡五谷优质稻种植专业合作社 | Paddy rice direct seeding high-yield culture technology |
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| CN103583293B (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-09-30 | 重庆乾鼎农业科技发展有限公司 | Paddy rice nonirrigated farmland direct-seeding planting method |
| CN103931451A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-07-23 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | Minimal-tillage dry direct-seeding cultivating method for rice |
| CN103947495A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-07-30 | 湖北亿金农业科技开发有限公司 | Dryland direct sowing cultivation technique for rice |
| CN103947496A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-07-30 | 湖北亿金农业科技开发有限公司 | Direct sowing cultivation technique for rice |
| CN106973735A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-07-25 | 潘传富 | A kind of method of nonirrigated farmland direct seading rice |
| CN108901705A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-11-30 | 赵理 | A kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field plastic film mulching cultivation new method |
| CN109258354A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-25 | 全州县咸水虹桥米业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of upland rice |
| CN110856469A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2020-03-03 | 华中农业大学 | Cultivation method for direct seeding and half-period dry farming of rice |
| CN114521460A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-24 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Direct-seeding drip irrigation method for biodegradable mulching film of dry farming rice |
| CN115191301A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-10-18 | 新疆阿克猫农业开发有限公司 | Dry farming planting method for hybrid rice |
| CN115024148A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-09 | 重庆市璧山区现代农业发展促进中心 | Dry farming cultivation method for rice in young fruit forest land |
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