CN104303747A

CN104303747A - Method for cultivating lycium ruthenicum in saline and alkaline land

Info

Publication number: CN104303747A
Application number: CN201410505697.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王慧
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-09-28
Filing date: 2014-09-28
Publication date: 2015-01-28

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating lycium ruthenicum in saline and alkaline land. The method comprises the following steps of preparing land, namely requiring that a garden plot is deep in soil layer, loosed in texture and high in drainage and has the ph value of 7-9.5, applying a base fertilizer, and laying a salt insulating layer on the bottom of a planting ditch, wherein materials suitable for serving as the salt insulating layer are cinder, wheat bran, sawdust, bark, horseshit, gravels, cobbles and straw; seeding and propagating; performing bud forcing treatment, namely soaking stored seeds with 40DEG C warm water for 24 hours before seeding to improve the germination rate, ensuring that the seeding time is between the last ten-day period of March and the middle ten-day period of April generally, ditching according to line spacing of 30cm during row planting, ensuring that the depth of ditches is 0.5-1cm, blending the seeds with fine sand uniformly, uniformly sowing the seeds in the ditches, slightly covering the seeds fine sand, lightly pressing the seeds, watering, ensuring that 1 to 1.5kg of seeds are sown in each 667 square meters of land and 40,000 to 50,000 seedlings are produced in each 667 square meters of land.

Description

A kind of black fruit medlar in alkaline land cultivation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to implantation methods, particularly relate to a kind of black fruit medlar in alkaline land cultivation method.

Background technology

Black fruit lyceum has another name called black matrimony vine, Soviet Union matrimony vine, Chai Qi, Solanaceae, Lycium, many quils shrub, high 20 ~ 50CM.Multi-branched, branch is hard, normal in bending in a zigzag, white; 2 ~ 6, leaf clusters on brachyplast, meat, stockless, bar shaped, strip lanceolar or cylindrical, long 5 ~ 30mm; Spend on 1 ~ 2 brachyplast being born in quil base portion both sides, bennet is thin, long 5 ~ 10mm, the narrow mitriform of calyx, long 3 ~ 4mm, and 2 ~ 4 split; Corolla funnel-form, long 2 ~ 3 times of the normal comparatively eaves portion sliver in cylinder portion, lilac, long 1cm, stamen Length discrepancy; Berry is spherical, atropurpureus after ripe, diameter 4 ~ 9mm; Seed kidney shape, brown.Main product is in China's East of Qinghai Province, and wild resource intersperses among that the high mountain sarin on the ground such as In The North of Xinjiang, West Inner Mongolia, North Shaanxi, Gansu and Tibet, salinization sand ground, lake, river are littoral more, in dry wash.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of black fruit medlar in alkaline land cultivation method, for black fruit lyceum provides suitable growing environment, improves survival rate, shortens cultivation period.For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is: black fruit medlar in alkaline land cultivation method, comprise the following steps: wholely: require that field soil layer is deep, quality is loosened, draining is good, between ph value 7-9.5, uses base manure, base manure with decomposed dung or commercially available organic manure, can be sprinkled into the every 667m of phosphate fertilizer simultaneously ²manuring 2000 ~ 3000kg, deep ploughed autumn 20 ~ 30cm, and water winter water, and the thin rake of next spring shallow plowing, is the wide 1.2m of furrow and is undertaken by " cold bed " wholely; Lay every salt deposit: plantation ditch bottom is laid every salt deposit, being applicable to the material done every salt deposit has following several: boiler ash sediment, wheat bran, sawdust, bark, horsehit, blinding, cobble, straw, ashes with more than 20cm as well, wheat bran is advisable with 5cm, and sawdust bark is advisable with 10cm, will have protectiveness soil layer on salt deposit and between root system, with burnout-proof root system, with original soil more than salt deposit, heavy saline passenger soil, utilizes high-quality soil to ensure and takes root, germinates; Seed propagation: black fruit lyceum root plucking seed time is the 7-11 month, when fruit will be plucked in time by during green purpling black, the maternal plant that during harvesting, optional growth is vigorous, plant is higher, result quantities is large, seed treatment mainly comprises threshing, drying and only plants, threshing takes gauze to wrap up water elution grain method, after use thin square-bottomed bamboo basket diafiltration again; Dry employing is dried or the sun dries sooner or later, avoids and tans by the sun; Clean kind adopts and manually only plants method, and load Fibre Bag after seed treatment and be put in drying, ventilation, the storage of low temperature place, Appropriate Storage temperature is-5 ~ 1 DEG C; Vernalization process: seed 40 DEG C of water seed soaking 24h of storage before sowing, with improve the germination rate sowing time generally at late March to mid-April, line-spacing is pressed in drilling, 30cm ditches, ditch depth 0.5 ~ 1cm, and seed mixes the mixing of a little fine sand, evenly be sown in ditch, slightly cover fine sand, water after light suppression, every 667m ²seeding quantity 1 ~ 1.5kg, every 667m ²produce seedling 40,000 ~ 50,000 strain; Seedling management: keep ground moistening, every the little water light irrigation of 1 ~ 2d once, when temperature reaches 17 ~ 21 DEG C, 5 ~ 7d can be emerged, when kind of bud saturating land for building, select rainy weather all to throw off mulch film; Weed with a hoe: will weed with a hoe after seed sprouting, in order to avoid the growing way of grass exceedes seedling, in this period, weeding and loosening the soil 2 ~ 3 times, can weed with a hoe in conjunction with pouring water; Pour water and to pour water according to soil moisture situation in good time, to impel seedling growth, about 15d waters 1 time, and can extend interval of watering after seedling 10cm height, 20 ~ 25d waters 1 time, manages routinely afterwards; Thinning, final singling, bud picking: as height of seedling 3 ~ 5cm, dredge weak seedling and cross close stand height of seedling 20 ~ 30cm and carry out final singling, stay seedling spacing in the rows 30 ~ 50cm, stay excellent roguing, and stays to go by force weak, when the root of seedling grows side shoot, in time these side shoots erased; Topdressing: in order to seedling better grows, imposing available nitrogen phosphate fertilizer 1 ~ 2 time in conjunction with being poured water in mid or late June, to promote root growth, every 667m ²use phosphorus diacid ammonium 10kg, urea 5kg, by fertilizer uniform mixing, spreads fertilizer over the fields around plant.

Embodiment

A kind of black fruit medlar in alkaline land cultivation method, for black fruit lyceum provides suitable growing environment, improves survival rate, shortens cultivation period.

Black fruit medlar in alkaline land cultivation method, comprises the following steps:

Wholely: require that field soil layer is deep, quality is loosened, and draining is good, and between ph value 7-9.5, use base manure, base manure with decomposed dung or commercially available organic manure, can be sprinkled into the every 667m of phosphate fertilizer simultaneously ²manuring 2000 ~ 3000kg, deep ploughed autumn 20 ~ 30cm, and water winter water, and the thin rake of next spring shallow plowing, is the wide 1.2m of furrow and is undertaken by " cold bed " wholely;

Lay every salt deposit: plantation ditch bottom is laid every salt deposit, being applicable to the material done every salt deposit has following several: boiler ash sediment, wheat bran, sawdust, bark, horsehit, blinding, cobble, straw, ashes with more than 20cm as well, wheat bran is advisable with 5cm, and sawdust bark is advisable with 10cm, will have protectiveness soil layer on salt deposit and between root system, with burnout-proof root system, with original soil more than salt deposit, heavy saline passenger soil, utilizes high-quality soil to ensure and takes root, germinates;

Seed propagation: black fruit lyceum root plucking seed time is the 7-11 month, when fruit will be plucked in time by during green purpling black, the maternal plant that during harvesting, optional growth is vigorous, plant is higher, result quantities is large, seed treatment mainly comprises threshing, drying and only plants, threshing takes gauze to wrap up water elution grain method, after use thin square-bottomed bamboo basket diafiltration again; Dry employing is dried or the sun dries sooner or later, avoids and tans by the sun; Clean kind adopts and manually only plants method, and load Fibre Bag after seed treatment and be put in drying, ventilation, the storage of low temperature place, Appropriate Storage temperature is-5 ~ 1 DEG C; Vernalization process: seed 40 DEG C of water seed soaking 24h of storage before sowing, with improve the germination rate sowing time generally at late March to mid-April, line-spacing is pressed in drilling, 30cm ditches, ditch depth 0.5 ~ 1cm, and seed mixes the mixing of a little fine sand, evenly be sown in ditch, slightly cover fine sand, water after light suppression, every 667m ²seeding quantity 1 ~ 1.5kg, every 667m ²produce seedling 40,000 ~ 50,000 strain;

Seedling management: keep ground moistening, every the little water light irrigation of 1 ~ 2d once, when temperature reaches 17 ~ 21 DEG C, 5 ~ 7d can be emerged, when kind of bud saturating land for building, select rainy weather all to throw off mulch film; Weed with a hoe: will weed with a hoe after seed sprouting, in order to avoid the growing way of grass exceedes seedling, in this period, weeding and loosening the soil 2 ~ 3 times, can weed with a hoe in conjunction with pouring water; Pour water and to pour water according to soil moisture situation in good time, to impel seedling growth, about 15d waters 1 time, and can extend interval of watering after seedling 10cm height, 20 ~ 25d waters 1 time, manages routinely afterwards; Thinning, final singling, bud picking: as height of seedling 3 ~ 5cm, dredge weak seedling and cross close stand height of seedling 20 ~ 30cm and carry out final singling, stay seedling spacing in the rows 30 ~ 50cm, stay excellent roguing, and stays to go by force weak, when the root of seedling grows side shoot, in time these side shoots erased; Topdressing: in order to seedling better grows, imposing available nitrogen phosphate fertilizer 1 ~ 2 time in conjunction with being poured water in mid or late June, to promote root growth, every 667m ²use phosphorus diacid ammonium 10kg, urea 5kg, by fertilizer uniform mixing, spreads fertilizer over the fields around plant.

The extermination of disease and insect pest: black fruit lyceum is a kind of high disease-resistant economic tree, and susceptible gene is 30%.Disease resistance according to black fruit lyceum is observed, and black fruit lyceum has very strong resistance to diseases such as common black fruit, root rot, powdery mildew, gummosiss, even if infect, also can thoroughly prevent.Insect pest mainly contains aphid, Lema decempunctata etc., the reagent spray controls such as the available solution of 40% flolimat 0.1% concentration and the solution of carbendazim 0.1% concentration.

Fruit harvesting and process: when fruit will be plucked in time by during green purpling black, the fruit harvesting phase is very long, from the 7-11 month.Improve black fruit lyceum fruit picking quality and must be noted that following 4 links: (1) adheres to ninety percent ripe harvesting.The judgement of medlar fresh fruit maturity mainly determines according to weather temperature, and general June, every 7 ~ 8d adopted 1 time; The 7-8 month 5 ~ 7d adopts 1 time; August adopts 1 time with 8 ~ 10d.(2) gently to adopt when gathering and put down gently.Medlar fresh fruit is berry, will organize skilled labor during harvesting, be also noted that contain fruit basket should not excessive (being advisable with 8kg size).(3) accomplish that 3 kinds of situations are not adopted: do not adopt less than safety interval after spray medicine, have morning during dew and do not adopt, after rain, raindrop are not dry does not adopt.(4) anti-top, against pressure during transport.Postharvest handling is carried out, through Exposure to Sunlight or be baked into dry fruit after gathering.Notice during Exposure to Sunlight that fresh fruit is to adopt in lower rear 2d and should not be exposed to the sun under strong sunlight at noon, can not move with handspring.The standard of dry fruit is water content 10% ~ 12%, and pericarp is not soft not crisp.

Claims

1. a black fruit medlar in alkaline land cultivation method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

(1) wholely: require that field soil layer is deep, quality is loosened, and draining is good, and between ph value 7-9.5, use base manure, base manure with decomposed dung or commercially available organic manure, can be sprinkled into the every 667m of phosphate fertilizer simultaneously ²manuring 2000 ~ 3000kg, deep ploughed autumn 20 ~ 30cm, and water winter water, and the thin rake of next spring shallow plowing, is the wide 1.2m of furrow and is undertaken by " cold bed " wholely;

(2) lay every salt deposit: plantation ditch bottom is laid every salt deposit, being applicable to the material done every salt deposit has following several: boiler ash sediment, wheat bran, sawdust, bark, horsehit, blinding, cobble, straw, ashes with more than 20cm as well, wheat bran is advisable with 5cm, and sawdust bark is advisable with 10cm, will have protectiveness soil layer on salt deposit and between root system, with burnout-proof root system, with original soil more than salt deposit, heavy saline passenger soil, utilizes high-quality soil to ensure and takes root, germinates;

(3) seed propagation: black fruit lyceum root plucking seed time is the 7-11 month, when fruit will be plucked in time by during green purpling black, the maternal plant that during harvesting, optional growth is vigorous, plant is higher, result quantities is large, seed treatment mainly comprises threshing, drying and only plants, threshing takes gauze to wrap up water elution grain method, after use thin square-bottomed bamboo basket diafiltration again; Dry employing is dried or the sun dries sooner or later, avoids and tans by the sun; Clean kind adopts and manually only plants method, and load Fibre Bag after seed treatment and be put in drying, ventilation, the storage of low temperature place, Appropriate Storage temperature is-5 ~ 1 DEG C; Vernalization process: seed 40 DEG C of water seed soaking 24h of storage before sowing, with improve the germination rate sowing time generally at late March to mid-April, line-spacing is pressed in drilling, 30cm ditches, ditch depth 0.5 ~ 1cm, and seed mixes the mixing of a little fine sand, evenly be sown in ditch, slightly cover fine sand, water after light suppression, every 667m ²seeding quantity 1 ~ 1.5kg, every 667m ²produce seedling 40,000 ~ 50,000 strain;

(4) seedling management: keep ground moistening, every the little water light irrigation of 1 ~ 2d once, when temperature reaches 17 ~ 21 DEG C, 5 ~ 7d can be emerged, when kind of bud saturating land for building, select rainy weather all to throw off mulch film; Weed with a hoe: will weed with a hoe after seed sprouting, in order to avoid the growing way of grass exceedes seedling, in this period, weeding and loosening the soil 2 ~ 3 times, can weed with a hoe in conjunction with pouring water; Pour water and to pour water according to soil moisture situation in good time, to impel seedling growth, about 15d waters 1 time, and can extend interval of watering after seedling 10cm height, 20 ~ 25d waters 1 time, manages routinely afterwards; Thinning, final singling, bud picking: as height of seedling 3 ~ 5cm, dredge weak seedling and cross close stand height of seedling 20 ~ 30cm and carry out final singling, stay seedling spacing in the rows 30 ~ 50cm, stay excellent roguing, and stays to go by force weak, when the root of seedling grows side shoot, in time these side shoots erased; When shoot grows to 30 ~ 40cm, carry out normal bud, select 1 ~ 4 healthy and strong side shoot to give over to major branch, all the other are erased, to promote the growth of major branch; When major branch grows to 40 ~ 50cm, the terminal bud of major branch is removed, stay 3 ~ 5 pairs of lateral buddings long, prune so successively, 2 grades of branches, 3 grades of branches can be formed; Topdressing: in order to seedling better grows, imposing available nitrogen phosphate fertilizer 1 ~ 2 time in conjunction with being poured water in mid or late June, to promote root growth, every 667m2 uses phosphorus diacid ammonium 10kg, and urea 5kg, by fertilizer uniform mixing, spreads fertilizer over the fields around plant.