CN105432302B - A kind of method that black Qi No.1 snow broadcasts nursery - Google Patents
A kind of method that black Qi No.1 snow broadcasts nursery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105432302B CN105432302B CN201510885441.9A CN201510885441A CN105432302B CN 105432302 B CN105432302 B CN 105432302B CN 201510885441 A CN201510885441 A CN 201510885441A CN 105432302 B CN105432302 B CN 105432302B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of black Qi No.1 snow and broadcasts method for culturing seedlings,By to seed collection,Modulation and storage,Select physical features flat,The deep sandy loam location of soil layer is as nursery,Carry out turning over site preparation in early October time in late autumn and make bed,Using drilling trench digging nursery,After spring ice dissolution,Black fruit fructus lycii seed starts to emerge,Breeding more than seedling height of seedling 15cm can go out garden transplant planting,The present invention provides the method for culturing seedlings of black fruit fructus lycii under cryogenic,So that the nursery stock factor of merit reaches more than 95%,Fruit habit is good then for transplanted seedling tree,Fruit-setting rate of blooming is up to 96%,Hip number reaches as high as 78.3g/ strains,This is to improving the black Qi No.1 seeding and seedling raising quality in producing region and reducing labour's input cost,Accelerate and promote producing region black fruit fructus lycii breeding large-scale planting and realize orchard worker's increasing both production and income,All there is important production practices meaning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant culture breeding technical field, specifically, being avenged the present invention relates to a kind of black fruit fructus lycii in low temperature
The technical field of method for culturing seedlings under the conditions of broadcasting.
Background technology
Black fruit fructus lycii (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.) also known as lycium ruthenicum, category Solanaceae Lycium is perennial, more quils
Undershrub plant, China's Helan Mountain in Ningxia, East of Qinghai Province, In The North of Xinjiang, West Inner Mongolia, North Shaanxi, Gansu and Tibet etc.
Area is all distributed, and the area such as the Central Asia, Caucasia and Europe is also distributed, and wherein Xinjiang of China distribution is more, and south and north Sinkiang has
Distribution, but it is mainly distributed on Lower Reaches of Tarim interchannel plains region.Lycium ruthenicum fruit exocarp in black, sweet, mild-natured,
Rich in multiple nutritional components such as protein, LBP-X, amino acid, vitamin (C, B1, B2), mineral matter, trace elements, its
Calcium, iron, niacin content are respectively the 2.3 of haw matrimony vine, 4.6,16.7 times, and lycium ruthenicum fruit is also containing abundant day in addition
Right OPC (OPC), its procyanidin content exceedes blueberry, and (black fruit fructus lycii contains OPC3690mg/100g；Blueberry contains OPC330-
3380mg/100g), it is to find procyanidin content highest wild fruit so far, OPC OPC is most effective
Water-soluble free radical scavenger, in pure water is in bluish violet more, and maximally effective natural, its effect
It is VC20 times, VE50 times, there is superpower strengthen immunity, anti-aging, beautifying face and moistering lotion, improve sleep, pre- anti-cancer etc.
Effect, therefore, black fruit fructus lycii are also described as " the bewitching Ji of blueness ".In recent years, wild or artificial growth black fruit fructus lycii fresh fruit market
Price was once reaching 100-120 members/kg, and dry fruit price is more to be then up in 600 yuan/more than kg, fine work freezing dried fruit product price
10000 yuan/more than kg, someone is called " soft gold ", has important nutrition and economic value.Black fruit fructus lycii anthocyanin pigmentation
Power is strong, non-toxic, can be used for food, health products, medicine and chemical engineering industry as artificial color substitute.In addition, black fruit Chinese holly
Qi is also a kind of salt-tolerant plant, and resistance is stronger, not only drought resisting, and Salt And Alkali Tolerance, barren-resistant, thus is good ecology-warp
Ji has both seeds.
Xinjiang starts to develop and utilize black fruit fructus lycii resource in recent years and large-scale planting, according to incompletely statistics, only
Kuerle Weili County black fruit fructus lycii artificial growth area in 2014 was just once reaching nearly 20,000 mu, with Xinjiang grain and cotton agricultural planting
The adjustment and optimization of structure, it is contemplated that full boundary lycium ruthenicum cultivated area was up to 200,000 mu in 2015, will exceed Qinghai, peaceful at that time
In summer etc. provinces and regions and turn into the first main producing region of China Dark fruit matrimony vine.In order to promote the development of black fruit fructus lycii industry and market to need
Ask, the R＆D institution headed by the forest-science academy of Xinjiang, perspective developing has been carried out to the artificial domesticating cultivation of black fruit fructus lycii, ground
Study carefully, selected " black Qi 1 " breeding 1 at present and in the identification by the high quality tree species committee of autonomous region in 2014, and in
The characteristics of its good high yield Grain-Filling Characteristics and impoverishment tolerant, drought-enduring, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, easy cultivation management, obtained in locality at present
Fast breeding and popularization, and generate good economic benefit, ecological benefits.
Black Qi No.1 is preferably selected by fine individual plant to black fruit fructus lycii by units such as Xinjiang Academy of Forestry
Improved seeds.In November, 2014 audits certification by breeding validation board of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions.Black Qi No.1 fresh fruit
In oblateness, footpath 0.6-0.8cm, transverse diameter 0.8-1.2cm are indulged.Quality is splendid, nutritious.Containing a variety of needed by human in fruit
Amino acid and trace element, human immunological competence can be improved.Meanwhile black Qi No.1 resistance is extremely strong, have drought resisting, cold-resistant,
Salt And Alkali Tolerance, root turion be strong and is Saline-alkali Field Control, bank protection, the good seeds to prevent erosion the advantages that resistance to soil depletion.Cause
This, no matter black Qi No.1 is developed in economic product, or all has extensive market prospects in terms of ecological environment treatment and open
Potentiality are sent out, medicines and health protection, establishment of economic forest and salt-soda soil biological control fine tree species can be turned into.
It is well known that breeding strong sprout is the high-quality precondition and guarantee of woods fruit high yield, but it is limited by Xinjiang black fruit fructus lycii kind
The expansion year by year of plant scale, supply falls short of demand for high-quality breeding strong sprout.Black Qi No.1 is mainly using three kinds of sowing, cuttage, root evil sides
Method is bred, but three of the above routine black fruit fructus lycii seedling-wood breeding method cuts both ways in production practices, such as cutting propagation
Coefficient is high, but is influenceed by cutting acquisition time, the soil moisture and temperature, can only typically be carried out in Growing season, and this phase labour
Input cost is of a relatively high；Root evil seedling transplanting success is high, but limited amount and quality it is uneven；Conventional spring and autumn sowing is educated
Miao Yin is influenceed by sowing time, ground temperature, soil moisture and seed chilling requirement deficiency etc., and seed germination rate can be caused relatively low, and then
Influence emergence rate, high-quality seedling rate, resistance and fecundity etc..Therefore, with reference to more than the winter temperature of NORTHWEST CHINA area below 0 DEG C or
There are the natural conditions of snow cover ground insulating, it can play low-temperature treatment effect to black Qi No.1 matrimony vine seed and then be advantageous to
The emergence of its next year is early, the effect that seedling growth potential is good, resistance and blossoming and bearing fruit property are good, selects winter to fit with suiting measures to local conditions accordingly
The suitable sowing time, and corresponding technical measures are taken, seek the new way for promoting black Qi No.1 to grow directly from seeds sowing and produce garden
The new method of high quality seedling, then with high research and production practice significance, although the research on matrimony vine implantation methods is more
Appear in the newspapers, but the research on planting black Qi No.1 under the conditions of being broadcast in snow has no report.
The content of the invention
It is relevant black Qi No.1 method for culturing seedlings is planted under the conditions of snow is broadcast the problem of for having no in the prior art, and in black Qi
No.1 is badly in need of the state of the art of a large amount of breeding nursery stocks, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of black Qi No.1 snow broadcasts method for culturing seedlings, utilizes the winter
Season natural low temperature or snow cover under the conditions of, using black Qi No.1 seed carry out drilling nursery, it is intended to reach and promote its next year
Breeding nursery stock emergence is relatively early, can meet excellent nursery stock wood growth potential to the full extent, the breeding mesh that resistance and fecundity are good
Mark, improves the quality of the black Qi No.1 seeding and seedling raising in producing region, while can reduce the input cost of conventional seed planting method for culturing seedlings, right
In quickening and the promotion black Qi No.1 breeding large-scale planting in producing region and orchard worker's increasing both production and income is realized, all with important production practices
Meaning.
The present invention uses main technical scheme：
By making to black Qi No.1 seed collection, modulation and storage, the selection sandy loam location that physical features is flat, soil layer is deep
For nursery, carry out turning over site preparation in the time in late autumn and make bed, ditched nursery, after spring ice dissolution, black Qi one using drilling
Number seed starts to emerge, and breeding more than seedling height of seedling 15cm can go out garden transplant planting.The present invention, which provides black Qi No.1 snow and broadcast, to be educated
Seedling-growing method so that the nursery stock factor of merit reaches more than 95%, and the spring tip, summer shoot and the second branch of transplanted seedling tree taken out hair then can be tied
Fruit, fruit-setting rate of blooming reach as high as 95%, dry fruit yield and reach as high as 78.3g/ strains, have that fruit habit is good, hip number is big
Feature, this is to improving the black Qi No.1 seeding and seedling raising quality in producing region and reducing the labour spent by conventional seed planting method for culturing seedlings and management
Input cost, accelerate and promote the black Qi No.1 breeding large-scale planting in producing region and realize orchard worker's increasing both production and income, all with important
Production practices meaning.
The present invention specifically provides a kind of black Qi No.1 snow and broadcasts method for culturing seedlings, and specific implantation methods step is as follows：
(1) seed collection, modulation and storage：
When black Qi No.1 fruit during green change atropurpureus by being plucked, growth selection is vigorous, plant is higher, result quantities are big
Lycium ruthenicum fruit on breeding maternal plant, it is standby to be placed in clean container after harvesting, before production of hybrid seeds modulation, rejects mouldy fresh fruit
And the impurity such as residual branch, the fruit tip, broken nitre, sandy soil, after the black Qi No.1 fresh fruit after processing is soaked into 24h in clear water, with removal
The beater of net smashes berry, and the berry smashed is placed in dusting cover after repeating 1-2 times and rinses removal of impurities repeatedly with a large amount of clear water
Threshing, untill flushing liquor color becomes clear water, it is 0.3%-0.5% that the seed filtered out is placed in into concentration (% is m/m meters)
Liquor potassic permanganate in soak 2-4h, pull out with clear water clean be placed on the sunny side ventilation normal temperature dry, seed dry after in temperature
Spend to be stored under conditions of -5 DEG C -1 DEG C, dry ventilation.
(2) measure of seed quality
Black Qi No.1 physical purity of seed >=76%, water content 5%-8%, germination percentage >=80%, the mass of 1000 kernel 1.15g- used
1.20g, viability >=95%, seed superiority >=95%.
(3) sow
The selection on garden ground：Selection physical features is flat, draining is good, has the deep sandy loam of irrigation conditions, traffic convenience, soil layer
Location is as nursery, nursery soil pH value≤8.5, alkali salt amount≤0.3%.
Site preparation does the processing of bed：Carry out at 8 DEG C -10 DEG C turning over site preparation in time in late autumn temperature, deep ploughed 20-30cm, and base is applied
Decay sheep excrement 2500-3000kg/667m2, NPK composite fertilizers 20-25kg/667m2Debris grass roots, base area are block with removing garden afterwards
Condition ground of raking is ditched, and is done seedbed using level bed mode, a width of 100cm of seedbed furrow face, a height of 10cm, is opened between seedbed
40-50cm wide ditch sows preceding seedbed and fills permeable as gutter and work road.
Sowing：Routine disinfection is carried out to the seed modulated in advance with potassium permanganate water before sowing, in 40 DEG C of water seed soaking
24h, sow in late December, ditched using drilling, line-spacing 40cm, ditch depth 0.5-1cm, application rate 200g/667m2, press
Compare sand according to weight：Seed=50：1 proportioning mixes seed and thin sand and soil, and uniform broadcasting is on seedbed in seed furrow, on
Reality is gently trampled after covering 0.8-1.2cm thin sand and soil, water is poured in after planting small water flood irrigation in time, until emergence.
(4) nursery
Tillage and weeding：After spring ice dissolution, black Qi No.1 seed starts to emerge, and height is built in units of single seedbed
20-25cm plastics Small plastic shed, temperature of shed are 25 DEG C -28 DEG C, throw off plastic sheeting once a day and carry out cooling of leaking informaton, every
Every weeding in 5-7 days once, while it is ground moistening in holding canopy, early daily, 1 drip irrigation spraying moisturizing of evening each progress, when dripping
Between 1.5h/ times, the amount of dripping 10L/h.
Thinning：The first tenday period of a month in May remove seedbed Small plastic shed, when plant seedling grows to 3-5cm, remove weak seedling and cross close stand, keep
Seedling spacing in the rows 10-15cm, (% the is m/m mass percent concentrations) nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer for being 0.2% with reference to water spray leaf surface spraying concentration
1-2 times, it is with the 40% flolimat decoction and concentration that water spray concentration is 0.1% (% is m/m mass percent concentrations)
0.1% (% is m/m mass percent concentrations) carbendazim decoction medicament.
(5) garden is gone out：It can go out garden transplant planting when breeding more than seedling height of seedling 15cm.
In the present invention, the physical purity of seed of black Qi No.1, seed superiority measure use method commonly used in the art, and black Qi No.1 contains
Water measure is using drying weight reduction, and the germination percentage measure of black Qi No.1 is using common Seed germination method, black Qi one in laboratory
Number mass of 1000 kernel measure use thousand methods, the vitality of black Qi No.1, which determines, uses dyes color method.
The black Qi No.1 seed that the present invention uses after measured preferentially uses cleanliness as 78%, water content 6%, germination percentage
82%th, mass of 1000 kernel 1.15g, viability 95%, seed superiority 95%.
By implementing the specific content of the invention of the present invention, following beneficial effect can be reached:
(1) present invention provides a kind of black Qi No.1 snow and broadcasts method for culturing seedlings, compared with conventional seed planting method for culturing seedlings, next year seed
Germination rate reaches as high as 95%, and fruit-setting rate of blooming reaches as high as 96%, and dry fruit yield reaches as high as 78.3g/ strains, and spring is by the end of March
Snow broadcasts black fruit fructus lycii seed and starts to emerge after to ice dissolution at the beginning of 4 months, and up to more than 95%, this method has the nursery stock factor of merit
The features such as seed germination rate is high, fruit-setting rate is high, dry fruit yield is high, emergence is early.
(2) present invention provides a kind of black Qi No.1 snow and broadcasts method for culturing seedlings, can make full use of winter natural low temperature or accumulated snow
The effect of similar low temperature vernalization treatment is played in insulation, moisturizing condition to black fruit fructus lycii seed, is advantageous to it and sows seed sprouting, increases
Strong resistance and raising are bloomed fruit-setting rate, and black fruit fructus lycii seedling quality, reduction manpower goods and materials are bred and cultivate so as to improve producing region
Input cost, this has important to accelerating and promoting the black Qi No.1 breeding large-scale planting in producing region and realize orchard worker's increasing both production and income
Production practices meaning.
Embodiment
Below, the present invention is illustrated for embodiment, still, the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.
Liquor potassic permanganate that the present invention uses, base apply decay sheep excrement, NPK composite fertilizers nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, 40% oxidation pleasure
Fruit decoction and carbendazim decoction medicament, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, flolimat decoction and carbendazim decoction medicament are all this area agricultural skill
The common reagent in art field, raw and auxiliary material, it can be bought and obtained by market.
All raw and auxiliary materials selected in the present invention, and the cultural method selected all are well known in the art selection, this
The % being related in invention is weight percentage, unless otherwise indicated except.
Embodiment one：Black Qi No.1 snow broadcasts method for culturing seedlings
The black Qi No.1 snow of present invention offer is broadcast method for culturing seedlings and comprised the following steps that：
(1) seed collection, modulation and storage：
It is " black Qi No.1 " to gather introduces a collection, is selected first from the breeding maternal plant that growth is vigorous, plant is higher, result quantities are big
Fruit, when it during green change atropurpureus by being plucked, it is standby to be placed in clean container after harvesting, before production of hybrid seeds modulation, rejects hair
The impurity such as mould fresh fruit and residual branch, the fruit tip, broken nitre, sandy soil, the black Qi No.1 fresh fruit after processing is soaked into 24h, 24h in clear water
Berry is smashed with the beater for removing Intranet afterwards, the berry smashed is placed in dusting cover after repeating 1-2 times and anti-with a large amount of clear water
It is multiple to rinse removal of impurities threshing, untill flushing liquor color becomes clear water, the seed filtered out is placed in concentration 0.3%-0.5% height
2-4h is soaked in potassium manganate solution, pull out with clear water clean be placed on the sunny side ventilation normal temperature dry, seed dry after temperature for-
5 DEG C to -1 DEG C, dry ventilation under conditions of store.
(2) measure of seed quality
Physical purity of seed >=76%, water content 5%-8%, germination percentage >=80%, the mass of 1000 kernel 1.15g- of black Qi No.1
1.20g, viability >=95%, seed superiority >=95%.
(3) sow
The selection on garden ground：Selection physical features is flat, draining is good, has the deep sandy loam of irrigation conditions, traffic convenience, soil layer
Location is as nursery, nursery soil actual measurement pH value≤8.5, alkali salt amount≤0.3%.
Site preparation does the processing of bed：Carry out turning over site preparation in the time in late autumn, deep plough 20-30cm, and base applies decay sheep excrement 2500-
3000kg/667m2, NPK composite fertilizers 20-25kg/667m2Remove garden ground debris grass roots afterwards, base area bulk condition is raked ground progress
Trench digging, seedbed is done using level bed mode, seedbed furrow face a width of 100cm, a height of 10cm, 40-50cm wide trench culture is opened between seedbed
For gutter and work road, sow preceding seedbed and fill permeable.
Sowing：Routine disinfection is carried out to the seed modulated in advance with potassium permanganate water before sowing, in 40 DEG C of water seed soaking
24h, sow in late December, ditched using drilling, line-spacing 40cm, ditch depth 0.5-1cm, application rate 200g/667m2, press
Compare sand according to weight：Seed=50：1 proportioning mixes seed and thin sand and soil, and uniform broadcasting is on seedbed in seed furrow, on
Reality is gently trampled after covering 0.8-1.2cm thin sand and soil, water is poured in after planting small water flood irrigation in time, until emergence.
(4) nursery
Tillage and weeding：After spring ice dissolution, black fruit fructus lycii seed starts to emerge, and height is built in units of single seedbed
20-25cm plastics Small plastic shed, temperature of shed are 25 DEG C -28 DEG C, throw off plastic sheeting once a day and carry out cooling of leaking informaton, every
Every weeding in 5-7 days once, while it is ground moistening in holding canopy, early daily, 1 drip irrigation spraying moisturizing of evening each progress, when dripping
Between 1.5h/ times, the amount of dripping 10L/h.
Thinning：The first tenday period of a month in May remove seedbed Small plastic shed, when plant seedling grows to 3-5cm, remove weak seedling and cross close stand, keep
Seedling spacing in the rows 10-15cm, the nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer 1-2 times for being 0.2% with reference to water spray leaf surface spraying concentration, it is with water spray concentration
0.1% 40% flolimat decoction and concentration is 0.1% carbendazim decoction medicament.
(5) garden is gone out：Early June, garden transplant planting can be gone out when breeding seedling height of seedling and reaching more than 15cm, its output of seedling can
Up to ten thousand plants/667m of 3-42, wherein high-quality seedling rate is up to more than 96%.
In the present invention, physical purity of seed, seed superiority measure use method commonly used in the art, and black Qi No.1 preferentially uses seed net
Spend for 78%, water content 6%, germination percentage 82%, mass of 1000 kernel 1.15g, viability 95%, seed superiority 95%.
The problem of newly being created on new invention using existing common knowledge as prior art basis.In fact, except opening
Outside invasive invention, any one innovation and creation are be unable to do without based on prior art means and technology essential factor, are all to use
Result on the basis of prior art means by further innovating.For Seeds preprocess, plow, ditch, the use of fertilizer, broadcast
The technologies such as kind, irrigation are all prior art basis, but in the present invention, for the matrimony vine seed of sowing, picking up from excellent
Breeding source " black Qi No.1 ", through the seed selection of Xinjiang forest-science academy and assert and pass through seed modulation treatment and quality determination；The sowing
Time, now northern area was the time in midwinter more, -8 DEG C to -10 DEG C of temperature on average, deposite snow for by the end of December to mid-January
Covering, therefore claim snow to broadcast, snow is broadcast nursery and created by matrimony vine seeding growing seedlings method of the present invention；When site preparation does seedbed, selection applies rotten
Ripe sheep manure 2500-3000kg/667m2As base manure, while rationally match somebody with somebody and apply NPK composite fertilizers 20-25kg/667m2, to improve nursery
Ground soil fertility and improved soil, good growing environment and soil fertility condition are created for black fruit fructus lycii nursery stock production；In addition, according to
Defined line-spacing 40cm, ditch depth 0.5-1cm and suitable application rate 200g/667m2And by the way of drilling water furrow planting, and
By seed and thin sand and soil according to weight than 50：1 proportioning mixes, and uniform broadcasting is on seedbed in seed furrow, upper lid 0.8-1.2cm
Thin sand and soil after gently trample reality, after planting in time small water flood irrigation pour water, until emergence type of seeding and spring emergence after
To keep ground moistening in canopy, early daily, evening each 1 time and time 1.5h/ times of determining suitably to drip, the amount of dripping 10L/h and carry out
Drip irrigation is sprayed the Precision management measure of moisturizing, and these are all that can improve the black fruit fructus lycii speed of growth under cryogenic, suitable
Answer black Qi No.1 snow to broadcast condition necessary to nursery needs and ahead of time seedling-growing time and the nursery stock factor of merit, and be required for passing through science
Experimental verification.For under cryogenic conditions, particularly the method for black Qi No.1 nursery is required for by series not under the conditions of snow is broadcast
Foreseeable scientific experimentation is verified repeatedly to draw.Just because of these reasons, although the application make use of the conventional technical means to be
Basis, and the method for providing black Qi No.1 nursery under cryogenic conditions by scientific experiment on this basis, more conventional sowing are educated
Seedling-growing method next year seedling do sth. in advance seedling-growing time do sth. in advance more than 30 days, the high-quality rate of grade of nursery stock up to 96%, seedling planting then
Plant fruit habit is good, nursery stock transplanting then taken out hair the spring tip, summer shoot and second branch can result, blooming fruit-setting rate highest can
Up to 95%, individual plant hip number is big, and maximum output is up to 78.3g/ strains and resistance, in nursery stock high temperature resistant and atmospheric drought, salt tolerant
Alkali, disease resistance are strong etc. to have significant advantage, breeds and cultivate black Qi No.1 seedling quality so as to improve producing region, reduction
Manpower goods and materials input cost, this producing region black fruit fructus lycii breeding large-scale planting and realizes orchard worker's increasing both production and income to accelerating and promoting,
With important production practices meaning.
Embodiment two：The snow of black Qi No.1 broadcasts nursery
Present invention offer black fruit fructus lycii snow is broadcast method for culturing seedlings and comprised the following steps that：
In the present embodiment, for the matrimony vine seed of sowing, " black Qi 1 " breeding plant of Xinjiang forest-science academy seed selection is picked up from,
And premenstruum (premenstrua) modulation and cryopreservation processing are the same as embodiment one；According to each index inspection of seed quality described in technical solution of the present invention
Survey method, quality testing seed vigor and the factor of merit are higher before sowing, and more than 95%, physical purity of seed is the factor of merit
80%th, water content 5%, mass of 1000 kernel 1.16g, germination percentage 92% or so.
The selection on garden ground：Nursery selection is 8.1 with embodiment one, actual measurement sandy loam nursery soil pH value, alkali salt amount
≤ 0.2%.
Site preparation does the processing of bed：Carry out turning over site preparation in the time in late autumn, deep plough 25cm, and base applies decay sheep excrement 2500kg/
667m2, NPK composite fertilizers 20kg/667m2Remove garden ground debris grass roots afterwards, bulk condition ground of raking in base area is ditched, and is used
Level bed mode does seedbed, seedbed furrow face a width of 100cm, a height of 10cm, 45cm wide ditch is opened between seedbed as gutter and work
Industry road, sow preceding seedbed and fill permeable.
Sowing：Routine disinfection is carried out to the seed modulated in advance with potassium permanganate water before sowing, in 40 DEG C of water seed soaking
24h, sow in late December, ditched using drilling, line-spacing 40cm, ditch depth 0.5-1cm, application rate 200g/667m2, press
Compare sand according to weight：Seed=50：1 proportioning mixes seed and thin sand and soil, and uniform broadcasting is on seedbed in seed furrow, on
Reality is gently trampled after covering 0.8-1.2cm thin sand and soil, water is poured in after planting small water flood irrigation in time, until emergence.
Nursery：Build plastics Small plastic shed, cooling of leaking informaton, weeding, drip irrigation spraying moisturizing, thinning, fertilising, the management such as laxative are arranged
Apply substantially with embodiment one.
Go out garden：It can go out garden transplant planting when breeding more than seedling height of seedling 15cm.
Method for culturing seedlings is broadcast on black fruit fructus lycii snow by the application present invention, its output of seedling is up to ten thousand plants/667m of 3-42, wherein
High-quality seedling rate is up to more than 95%.
Embodiment three：The snow of black Qi No.1 broadcasts nursery
Present invention offer black fruit fructus lycii snow is broadcast method for culturing seedlings and comprised the following steps that：
In the present embodiment, for the matrimony vine seed of sowing, " black Qi 1 " breeding plant of Xinjiang forest-science academy seed selection is picked up from,
And premenstruum (premenstrua) modulation and cryopreservation processing are the same as embodiment one；According to each index inspection of seed quality described in technical solution of the present invention
Survey method, quality testing seed vigor and the factor of merit are higher before sowing, and more than 95%, physical purity of seed is the factor of merit
82%th, water content 7%, mass of 1000 kernel 1.18g, germination percentage 95% or so.
(1) selection on garden ground：Nursery selection is 8.0 with embodiment one, actual measurement sandy loam nursery soil pH value, alkali salt
Amount≤0.15%.
(2) site preparation does the processing of bed：Carry out turning over site preparation in the time in late autumn, deep plough 30cm, and base applies decay sheep excrement 2750kg/
667m2, NPK composite fertilizers 22.5kg/667m2Remove garden ground debris grass roots afterwards, bulk condition ground of raking in base area is ditched, and is adopted
Do seedbed with level bed mode, seedbed furrow face a width of 100cm, a height of 10cm, opened between seedbed 50cm wide ditch as gutter and
Work road, sow preceding seedbed and fill permeable.
(3) sowing, nursery, go out garden：Before sowing for Seeds preprocess, plow, ditch, the use of fertilizer, sowing, filling
Irrigate, the outplanting time and require with embodiment one.
Method for culturing seedlings is broadcast on black fruit fructus lycii snow by the application present invention, more local conventional seedbed system goes out the garden time and does sth. in advance nearly one
Individual month, its output of seedling was up to 40,000 plants/667m2, wherein high-quality seedling rate is up to more than 98%, field-transplanting survival rate then
93% or so, and seedling growth amount is big, growing way is healthy and strong, and for fruit-setting rate of blooming then up to more than 92%, whole year there is no hair
Raw big disease pest harm.
Example IV：The snow of black Qi No.1 broadcasts nursery
Present invention offer black fruit fructus lycii snow is broadcast method for culturing seedlings and comprised the following steps that：
Introduces a collection selection, seed collection, modulation and storage practice are the same as embodiment one；Planted according to described in technical solution of the present invention
Each index detection method of protonatomic mass, quality testing seed vigor and the factor of merit are higher before sowing, the factor of merit more than 95%,
Physical purity of seed is 79%, water content 8%, mass of 1000 kernel 1.20g, germination percentage 93% or so.
(1) selection on garden ground：Nursery selection is the same as embodiment one, actual measurement sandy loam nursery soil pH value position 8.4, alkali salt
Amount≤0.35%.
(2) site preparation does the processing of bed：Carry out turning over site preparation in the time in late autumn, deep plough 25cm, and base applies decay sheep excrement 3000kg/
667m2, NPK composite fertilizers 25kg/667m2Remove garden ground debris grass roots afterwards, bulk condition ground of raking in base area is ditched, and is used
Level bed mode does seedbed, seedbed furrow face a width of 100cm, a height of 10cm, 45cm wide ditch is opened between seedbed as gutter and work
Industry road, sow preceding seedbed and fill permeable.
(3) sowing, nursery, go out garden：Before sowing for Seeds preprocess, plow, ditch, the use of fertilizer, sowing, filling
Irrigate, the outplanting time and require with embodiment one.
Method for culturing seedlings is broadcast on black fruit fructus lycii snow by the application present invention, more local conventional seedbed system goes out the garden time and does sth. in advance nearly 40
My god, its output of seedling is up to 3.5 ten thousand plants/667m2, wherein high-quality seedling rate is up to more than 95%, field-transplanting survival rate then
More than 90%, seedling growth amount is big, growing way is healthy and strong, the most long reachable 82cm of spring tip length, then plant bloom fruit-setting rate up to 92% with
On, whole year, which there is no, occurs big disease pest harm, shows stronger resistance.
Embodiment five：Different black fruit fructus lycii method for culturing seedlings Integrated comparatives
Garden time, then seedling quality, transplanting survival rate, shoot growth are gone out to the seedling-wood breeding of a variety of conventional seedbed system methods
Amount and resistance are studied and tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1：Different black fruit fructus lycii method for culturing seedlings overall targets contrast list
As shown in Table 1, a kind of black Qi No.1 snow provided by the invention broadcast the more conventional method for culturing seedlings of method for culturing seedlings next year into
Seedling does sth. in advance seedling-growing time about 30-40 days, improves the high-quality rate of grade more than 20% of nursery stock, seedling planting survival rate of plant 90% then
More than, young sprout maximum growth amount is up to 82cm then, and shows stronger resistance and significant advantage, and this is black to reduce producing region
The higher input management cost of fruit matrimony vine conventional seedbed system method, quickening and promotion producing region black fruit fructus lycii breeding large-scale planting and reality
Existing orchard worker's increasing both production and income, has important production practices meaning.
As can be seen here, above-mentioned experiment is by using method provided by the invention, and then and realizes that breeding nursery stock is emerged
Early, spring snow melt can emerge, and the more conventional high-quality rate of grade of type of seeding breeding nursery stock is high, and the factor of merit is more than 95%.
Embodiment six：Solid economic characters check experiment
Fruit habit, bloom fruit-setting rate and single plant yield for a variety of conventional seedbed system method institutes nursery wood of different location
Studied and tested, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2：Different location black fruit fructus lycii method for culturing seedlings Grain-Filling Characteristics contrast list
As shown in Table 2, a kind of black Qi No.1 snow provided by the invention is broadcast the more conventional method for culturing seedlings of method for culturing seedlings and gone out in nursery stock
Garden transplanting can be achieved more than 78% individual plant and blossoms and bears fruit then, and fruit-setting rate reaches more than 92%, and shows with brachyplast result
Based on, the spring tip, summer shoot and Secondary Branch can result excellent Grain-Filling Characteristics, its individual plant maximum output shows good up to 78.3g
Good high yield Grain-Filling Characteristics；While next year does sth. in advance seedling-growing time, the high-quality rate of grade of raising nursery stock, seedling planting in seedling and planted then
Fruit habit is good and resistance etc. has significant advantage for strain.
Embodiment seven：
The index determining sides such as physical purity of seed, mass of 1000 kernel, viability, seed superiority, water content and germination percentage that the present invention uses
Method is as follows：
Cleanliness determines：By determination sample on a glass, pure seed, scrap seed and field trash are separated.According to public affairs
Formula cleanliness (%)=pure seed/sample gross weight × 100 calculate, and draw physical purity of seed.Reviewed or during arbitration inspection, in order to
Judge to determine whether in tolerance away within for 2 times, the average of 2 measure can be calculated, if the gap of 2 measure percentage is not
More than 4 percentage points, i.e., the average of 2 times measure is between 80%-100%, then 2 measurement results meet the requirements.
Moisture determination：5g or so seeds are weighed with precision 0.1g balances, 4 repetitions are typically done, respectively to container, seed
Record of weighing is numbered, drying baker is put into and sets 103 ± 2 DEG C of temperature, dry 17 ± 1h, when baking oven is gone up to required temperature, is started
Calculate drying time, reach as defined in the lid of sample box is covered after the time, be put into the drier of drier, cool down 30-
Weighed after 45min, according to formula water content (%)=(weight after the drying of weight-determination sample before determination sample drying)/determination sample
Weight × 100 calculates before drying, draws water content.Otherwise every 2 measurement result tolerances are reformed away from no more than 0.3%, 4 weights
The average of multiple junction fruit is as measurement result.
Germination percentage determines：Using common germination test method in laboratory.Kind is taken, four parts are sampled from pure seed,
100, every part of seed, totally 400；Get germinating bed ready, usually make germination container with the germination dish by sterilization, flat dish,
3-4 layers of filter paper or gauze that paving has sterilized in container, filter paper or gauze are added to and suction water；Seed soaking and pendulum kind, for the kind of examination
Son is first dipped to clean water suctions water, then the seed handled well is sterilized into 15min with 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking,
Then take out and be slightly filtered dry by group respectively seed pendulum on germinating bed after being cleaned with water, grain does not contact with grain to be advisable.Germinate container
On to indicate date of test, variety name, sample number, and require pendulum in the place of 25 DEG C or so of proper temperature, preferably perseverance
In warm illumination box, the thermophilic of germination is maintained, is kept the skin wet in time；Observation is recorded, and 8h should be all given daily in germination test
Illumination, black fruit fructus lycii about 5-7 days, the intensity of light is 750-1250lx cool white fluorescence, calculates normal chitting piece number afterwards
With the average of four groups.Normally germination standard is：The root and bud of seed reach the diameter length of seed.All, bud lack it is residual, abnormal
Shape is rotted, and root atrophy is in very thin shape, oedema unrooted hair, is abnormal germination.Finally calculate the mean germination of 4 repetitions
Rate.Formula：Germination percentage (%)=chitting piece number/total number of samples × 100
Mass of 1000 kernel determines：Using thousand methods, black fruit fructus lycii seed is smaller, is from removing impurity when determining thousand grain weigth
In pure seed, two repetitions are taken with hand or several instrument random numbers from test specimen, it is every group 1000, also known as heavy by component,
Accurately to 0.1g, it is averaged.The ratio between two parts of difference and average are not to be exceeded 5%, if should be analyzed again by exceeding by the 3rd part
Repeat, until reaching requirement, take two parts of calculating measurement results that difference is small, unit is g/1000 grains.
Vitality determines：Determine, comprise the concrete steps that using dyes color method：Seed is soaked into 2-6h with 30 DEG C of warm water, made
The abundant imbibition of seed；100, seed is taken at random, kind of a skin is peelled off, takes benevolence, is then cut along embryo center is accurate, takes half standby
With；Ready seed is dipped in 0.02%-0.2% isatin solution or 5% red ink acid red G reagent, in insulating box
Middle 30-35 DEG C of insulation 30min；After dyeing terminates, dye solution is poured out, then rinsed seed 1-2 times with clear water, observation kind indusium
The situation of dyeing, all embryos be not colored to have a vital seed, embryo be wholly or largely dyed to red i.e.
For seed or blind seed without vitality, finally judge seed vitality according to the staining conditions of embryo and count life or death seed
Percentage calculate vitality.
Seed superiority determines：Take 100 at random from pure seed, take 4 repetitions.Post-mortem method：When dissected, it is grouped and is indulged by grain
Cut, section is along embryo by the way that to see the developmental state of whole embryo, the size of embryo, endosperm or cotyledon is inspected with magnifying glass.Survey
Determine seed quality, be divided to excellent and inferior two kinds.Extrusion：Between seed for test is placed on into two blank sheet of paper, rolled with bottle, it is all aobvious
Show the seed of oil drop preferably seed, the seed of no oil drop is empty grain or seed inferior, and what is had water mark but dry quickly contaminates kind for worm
Son.
By above-mentioned series embodiment, provide black Qi No.1 snow using the present invention and broadcast method for culturing seedlings so that nursery stock is excellent
Matter rate reaches more than 95%, transplanted seedling tree then taken out hair the spring tip, summer shoot and second branch can result, fruit-setting rate highest of blooming
78.3g/ strains are reached as high as up to 95%, dry fruit yield, there is the characteristics of fruit habit is good, hip number is big, this is to improving producing region
Labour and management input cost spent by black Qi No.1 seeding and seedling raising quality and reduction conventional seed planting method for culturing seedlings, accelerate and promote
Enter the black Qi No.1 breeding large-scale planting in producing region and realize orchard worker's increasing both production and income, all with important production practices meaning.
Above-described embodiment is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and is not the restriction to embodiment.
For those of ordinary skill in the field, other various forms of changes can also be made on the basis of the above description
Or change.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And the obvious change thus extended
Or among changing still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of black Qi No.1 snow broadcasts method for culturing seedlings, it is characterised in that specific implantation methods step is as follows：
(1) seed collection, modulation and storage：
When black Qi No.1 fruit by it is green change atropurpureus when plucked, the breeding that growth selection is vigorous, plant is higher, result quantities are big
Lycium ruthenicum fruit on maternal plant, it is standby to be placed in clean container after harvesting, before production of hybrid seeds modulation, rejects mouldy fresh fruit and residual
Branch, the fruit tip, chip, sandy soil, after the black Qi No.1 fresh fruit after processing is soaked into 24h in clear water, with the beater for removing Intranet
Berry is smashed, the berry smashed is placed in dusting cover after repeating 1-2 times and rinses removal of impurities threshing, Zhi Daochong repeatedly with a large amount of clear water
Untill washing lotion color becomes clear water, the seed filtered out is placed in the liquor potassic permanganate that concentration is 0.3%-0.5% and soaks 2-
4h, pull out and dried with the clean ventilation normal temperature on the sunny side that is placed in of clear water, seed is -5 DEG C -1 DEG C, dries ventilation after drying in temperature
Under the conditions of store；
(2) measure of seed quality：
Black Qi No.1 physical purity of seed >=76%, water content 5%-8%, germination percentage >=80%, the mass of 1000 kernel 1.15g- used
1.20g, viability >=95%, seed superiority >=95%；
(3) sow
The selection on garden ground：Selection physical features is flat, draining is good, has the deep sandy loam location of irrigation conditions, traffic convenience, soil layer
As garden, garden ground soil pH value≤8.5, alkali salt amount≤0.3%；
Site preparation does the processing of bed：Carry out at 8 DEG C -10 DEG C turning over site preparation in time in late autumn temperature, deep plough 20-30cm, and base is applied decomposed
Sheep manure 2500-3000kg/667m2, NPK composite fertilizers 20-25kg/667m2With removing garden afterwards debris grass roots, base area bulk condition rake
Plane earth is ditched, and is done seedbed using level bed mode, a width of 100cm of seedbed furrow face, a height of 10cm, 40- is opened between seedbed
50cm wide ditch sows preceding seedbed and fills permeable as gutter and work road；
Sowing：With potassium permanganate water routine disinfection is carried out to the seed modulated in advance before sowing, in 40 DEG C of water seed soaking 24h,
Sow in late December, ditched using drilling, line-spacing 40cm, ditch depth 0.5-1cm, application rate 200g/667m2, according to weight
Amount compares sand：Seed=50：1 proportioning mixes seed and thin sand and soil, and uniform broadcasting is on seedbed in seed furrow, upper lid
Reality is gently trampled after 0.8-1.2cm thin sand and soil, water is poured in after planting small water flood irrigation in time, until emergence；
(4) nursery
Tillage and weeding：After spring ice dissolution, black Qi No.1 seed starts to emerge, and high 20- is built in units of single seedbed
25cm plastics Small plastic shed, temperature of shed are 25 DEG C -28 DEG C, throw off plastic sheeting once a day and carry out cooling of leaking informaton, at interval of
Weeding in 5-7 days once, while is ground moistening in holding canopy, early daily, 1 drip irrigation spraying moisturizing of evening each progress, is dripped the time
1.5h/ times, the amount of dripping 10L/h；
Thinning：The first tenday period of a month in May remove seedbed Small plastic shed, when plant seedling grows to 3-5cm, remove weak seedling and cross close stand, keep seedling strain
Away from 10-15cm, the nitrogenous fertilizer for being 0.2% with reference to water spray leaf surface spraying concentration and phosphate fertilizer 1-2 time, are 0.1% with water spray concentration
40% flolimat decoction and concentration are 0.1% carbendazim decoction medicament；
(5) garden is gone out：It can go out garden transplant planting when breeding more than seedling height of seedling 15cm.
2. black Qi No.1 snow as claimed in claim 1 broadcasts method for culturing seedlings, it is characterised in that described black Qi No.1 physical purity of seed
For 78%, water content 6%, germination percentage 82%, mass of 1000 kernel 1.15g, viability 95%, seed superiority 95%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| CN105900770B (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2018-11-30 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | A kind of method of hedge wall mode cultivation fructus lycii |
| CN106069500A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-11-09 | 中国石油新疆油田分公司造林减排作业区 | A kind of black Fructus Lycii artificial method for planting in the saline and alkaline soil of arid |
| CN106489482A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-03-15 | 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 | The efficient seeding growing seedlings method of Desert Area black fruit lyceum |
| CN106717821A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 山东博华高效生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of off-season cultivation black fruit fructus lycii |
| CN106718571A (en) * | 2016-12-17 | 2017-05-31 | 李树园 | Lycium ruthenicum implantation methods |
| CN107810719B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2020-10-23 | 山东省蚕业研究所 | Collection method for obtaining large amount of ice leaf day flower seeds |
| CN108401776A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-08-17 | 安徽俊祺生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of matrimony vine |
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