CN105432302A - Lycium ruthenicum Murr. #1 snow-sowing seedling method - Google Patents
Lycium ruthenicum Murr. #1 snow-sowing seedling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105432302A CN105432302A CN201510885441.9A CN201510885441A CN105432302A CN 105432302 A CN105432302 A CN 105432302A CN 201510885441 A CN201510885441 A CN 201510885441A CN 105432302 A CN105432302 A CN 105432302A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a lycium ruthenicum Murr. #1 snow-sowing seedling method. The method comprises the steps that seeds are collected, processed and stored, sand soil of which the terrain is flat and the soil layer is deep serves as a seedling field, in early October of late autumn, plowing, land preparation and bed making are conducted, row-sowing and ditching seedling is adopted, when ice and snow are melted in spring, seeds of lycium ruthenicum Murr. start to germinate, and when cultured grown-up seedlings are 15 cm high or above, the seedlings can be moved out of the field for transplanting and field planting. The invention provides the seedling method of the lycium ruthenicum Murr. under the condition of low temperature. The high quality ratio of the seedlings reaches 95 percent or above, a current year fruiting habit of seedling transplanting is good, the flowering and fruiting rate reaches up to 96 percent, the fruit bearing amount can reach up to 78.3 g/plant to the maximum extent, the lycium ruthenicum Murr. #1 snow-sowing seedling method has important production practice significance on improving the sowing and seedling quality of the lycium ruthenicum Murr. #1 in a producing area, reducing the cost of labor input, accelerating and promoting large-scale cultivation of improved varieties of the lycium ruthenicum Murr. #1 in the producing area and achieving production and income increasing of fruit growers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant cultivation breeding technical field, concrete, the present invention relates to the technical field of a kind of black fruit lyceum seedling-cultivating method under low temperature snow broadcasts condition.
Background technology
Black fruit lyceum (LyciumruthenicumMurr.) has another name called black matrimony vine, genus Solanaceae Lycium is perennial, many quils undershrub plant, all there is distribution in the areas such as China's Helan Mountain in Ningxia, East of Qinghai Province, In The North of Xinjiang, West Inner Mongolia, North Shaanxi, Gansu and Tibet, also there is distribution in the areas such as the Central Asia, Caucasia and Europe, wherein Xinjiang of China distribution is more, all there is distribution south and north Sinkiang, but is mainly distributed in Lower Reaches of Tarim interchannel flat area.Lycium ruthenicum fruit exocarp is black, taste is sweet, property is flat, be rich in the multiple nutritional components such as protein, lycium barbarum polysaccharide, amino acid, vitamin (C, B1, B2), mineral matter, trace element, its calcium, iron, niacin content are respectively 2.3,4.6,16.7 times of haw matrimony vine, lycium ruthenicum fruit is also containing abundant natural procyanidins (OPC) in addition, and its procyanidin content exceedes blueberry, and (black fruit lyceum is containing OPC3690mg/100g; Blueberry is containing OPC330-3380mg/100g), be the wild fruit finding that procyanidin content is the highest up to now, OPC OPC is the most effective water-soluble free radical scavenger, many in bluish violet in pure water, also be the most effective natural, its effect is V
c20 times, V
e50 times, there is superpower develop immunitypty, delay senility, beautifying face and moistering lotion, improving water flood, the effect such as pre-anti-cancer, therefore, black fruit lyceum is also described as " a blue bewitching Ji ".In recent years, the black fruit lyceum fresh fruit market price that is wild or artificial planting was once reaching 100-120 unit/kg, and dry fruit price is many at 600 yuan/more than kg, and the freezing dried fruit product price of fine work is then up to 10000 yuan/more than kg, someone is called " soft gold ", has important nutrition and economic worth.Black fruit lyceum anthocyanin pigmentation power is strong, avirulence, can be used as artificial color substitute and for food, health products, medicine and chemical engineering industry.In addition, black fruit lyceum is also a kind of salt-tolerant plant, and resistance is comparatively strong, not only drought resisting, and Salt And Alkali Tolerance, barren-resistant, because of but good ecology-economy has both seeds.
Xinjiang starts to develop and utilize and large-scale planting black fruit lyceum resource in recent years; according to incompletely statistics; only Weili County, Kuerle black fruit lyceum artificial planting area in 2014 just once reached nearly 20,000 mu; along with adjustment and the optimization of Xinjiang grain and cotton agricultural planting structure; estimate that the black matrimony vine cultivated area of full boundary in 2015 will reach 200,000 mu, will exceed when the time comes Qinghai, Deng Neidi provinces and regions, Ningxia and become China Dark fruit matrimony vine first main producing region.In order to promote development and the market demand of black fruit lyceum industry, R&D institution headed by the forest-science academy of Xinjiang, prospective developing, research have been carried out to the artificial domesticating cultivation of black fruit lyceum, select " No. 1, black Qi " breeding 1 at present and in 2014 by the identification of the high quality tree species committee of autonomous region, hold concurrently in the feature of its good high yield Grain-Filling Characteristics and impoverishment tolerant, drought-enduring, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, easily cultivation management, obtain fast breeding and popularization in locality at present, and create good economic benefit, ecological benefits.
No. one, black Qi is by the improved seeds of the units such as Xinjiang Academy of Forestry by preferably selecting the fine individual plant of black fruit lyceum.In November, 2014 is by the examination & verification certification of breeding validation board of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions.Black Qi fresh fruit, in oblate, indulges footpath 0.6-0.8cm, transverse diameter 0.8-1.2cm.Quality is splendid, nutritious.Containing multiple human body essential amino acid and trace element in fruit, human immunological competence can be improved.Meanwhile, black Qi resistance is extremely strong, there is drought resisting, cold-resistant, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, root turion are strong and the advantage such as resistance to soil depletion, be Saline-alkali Field Control, bank protection, the good seeds that prevent erosion.Therefore, No. one, black Qi no matter in economic product exploitation, or all has market prospects and potentiality to be exploited widely in ecological environment treatment, can become medicines and health protection, establishment of economic forest and saline land biological control fine tree species.
As everyone knows, breeding is the precondition and guarantee of woods fruit high yield high-quality strong sprout, however be limited by the expanding year by year of Xinjiang black fruit lyceum planting scale, supply falls short of demand strong sprout for the breeding of high-quality.No. one, black Qi mainly adopts sowing, cuttage, root evil three kinds of methods to breed, but above three kinds of conventional black fruit lyceum seedling-wood breeding methods cut both ways in production practices, as high in cottage propagation coefficient, but affect by cutting acquisition time, soil temperature and temperature, generally can only carry out at Growing season, and this phase labour's input cost is relatively high; Root evil seedling transplanting success is high, but limited amount and quality is uneven; Conventional spring and autumn seeding and seedling raising, because affecting by sowing time, ground temperature, soil moisture and seed chilling requirement deficiency etc., can cause seed germination rate lower, and then affect emergence rate, high-quality seedling rate, resistance and fecundity etc.Therefore, many below 0 DEG C or have the natural conditions of snow cover ground insulating in conjunction with NORTHWEST CHINA area winter temperature, it can play low temperature treatment effect to black Qi matrimony vine seed and then be conducive to emerging its next year early, seedling growth potential is good, the effect that resistance is good with blossoming and bearing fruit property, select the sowing time that winter is suitable with suiting measures to local conditions accordingly, and take corresponding technical measures, seek promote No. one, black Qi grow directly from seeds sowing new way and produce the new method of garden high quality seedling, then there is high research and production practice significance, although the common report of the research about matrimony vine implantation methods, but have no report about the research of planting No. one, black Qi under broadcasting condition at snow.
Summary of the invention
Under broadcasting condition at snow, the problem of a black Qi seedling-cultivating method is planted for having no in prior art, and the state of the art of a large amount of breeding nursery stock is badly in need of No. one, black Qi, the present invention aims to provide a kind of black Qi snow and broadcasts seedling-cultivating method, utilize winter natural low temperature or snow cover condition under, black Qi seed is adopted to carry out drilling nursery, be intended to reach and promote that its, breeding nursery stock was emerged relatively early in next year, nursery stock wood growth potential can be met to the full extent excellent, resistance and the good breeding objective of fecundity, improve the quality of the black Qi in a producing region seeding and seedling raising, the input cost of conventional seed planting seedling-cultivating method can be reduced simultaneously, for accelerating and promoting the black Qi in producing region breeding large-scale planting and realize orchard worker's increasing both production and income, all there is important production practices meaning.
The present invention adopts main technical scheme:
By to black Qi seed collection, modulation and a storage, the sandy loam location that selection physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep is as nursery, carry out turning in the time in late autumn and whole make bed, adopt the nursery of drilling trench digging, when after ice dissolution in spring, black Qi seed starts to emerge, and breeding seedling more than height of seedling 15cm can go out garden transplant planting.The invention provides black Qi snow and broadcast seedling-cultivating method, the nursery stock factor of merit is made to reach more than 95%, transplanted seedling tree then take out send out the spring tip, summer shoot and second branch all can results, fruit-setting rate of blooming reaches as high as 95%, dry fruit output reaches as high as 78.3g/ strain, there is fruit bearing habit good, the feature that hip number is large, this is to improving the black Qi in producing region seeding and seedling raising quality and the labour reduced spent by conventional seed planting seedling-cultivating method and managing input cost, accelerate and promote the black Qi in producing region breeding large-scale planting and realize orchard worker's increasing both production and income, all there is important production practices meaning.
The present invention specifically provides a kind of black Qi snow to broadcast seedling-cultivating method, and concrete implantation methods step is as follows:
(1) seed collection, modulation and storage:
When black Qi fruit is plucked by during green purpling black, growth selection is vigorous, plant is higher, lycium ruthenicum fruit on the breeding maternal plant that result quantities is large, it is for subsequent use that harvesting is placed on clean container, before production of hybrid seeds modulation, reject mouldy fresh fruit and residual branch, the fruit tip, broken nitre, the impurity such as sandy soil, after black Qi fresh fruit after process is soaked 24h in clear water, berry is smashed with the beater removing Intranet, after repeating 1-2 time, the berry smashed to be placed in dusting cover and repeatedly to rinse removal of impurities threshing with a large amount of clear water, until flushing liquor color becomes clear water, the seed leached being placed in concentration is that the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.3%-0.5% (% be m/m meter) soaks 2-4h, pull out and be placed in ventilation normal temperature airing on the sunny side with clear water is clean, be-5 DEG C-1 DEG C in temperature after seed dries, preserve under the condition of dry ventilation.
(2) mensuration of seed quality
Black Qi physical purity of seed >=76%, water content 5%-8%, germination rate >=80%, thousand kernel weight 1.15g-1.20g, vitality >=95%, seed superiority >=95% that adopt.
(3) sow
The selection on ground, garden: select that smooth, the draining of physical features is good, the sandy loam location that has irrigation conditions, traffic convenience, soil layer deep as nursery, nursery soil pH value≤8.5, alkali salt amount≤0.3%.
Do the process of bed: carry out turning over whole at 8 DEG C-10 DEG C in time in late autumn temperature, deep ploughing 20-30cm, decay sheep excrement 2500-3000kg/667m executed by base wholely
2, NPK composite fertilizer 20-25kg/667m
2ground, rear removing garden foreign material grass roots, ditch in the block condition in base area ground of raking, adopt level bed mode to do seedbed, seedbed furrow face width is 100cm, and height is 10cm, and the wide ditch opening 40-50cm between seedbed, as drain ditch and work road, sows the filling of front seedbed permeable.
Sowing: sow the seed of front potassium permanganate water to modulation in advance and carry out routine disinfection, at the water seed soaking 24h of 40 DEG C, in late December sowing, adopt drilling trench digging, line-spacing is 40cm, ditch depth 0.5-1cm, and seeding quantity is 200g/667m
2, according to weight ratio sand: seed and thin sand and soil mix by the proportioning of seed=50:1, and uniform broadcasting in seed furrow, gently tramples reality after the thin sand and soil of upper cover 0.8-1.2cm on seedbed, after planting timely little water flood irrigation waters sufficient water, until emerge.
(4) nursery
Intertill and clean tillage: when after ice dissolution in spring, black Qi seed starts to emerge, the plastics Small plastic shed of high 20-25cm is built in units of single seedbed, temperature of shed is 25 DEG C-28 DEG C, throw off plastic film once a day and carry out cooling of leaking informaton, at interval of weeding in 5-7 days once, simultaneously for keeping ground moistening in canopy, morning every day, evening respectively carry out 1 drip irrigation spraying moisturizing, time 1.5h/ time of dripping, the amount of dripping 10L/h.
Thinning: the first tenday period of a month in May remove seedbed Small plastic shed, when plant seedling grows to 3-5cm, remove weak seedling and cross close stand, keep seedling spacing in the rows 10-15cm, in conjunction with (% is m/m mass percent concentration) nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer 1-2 time that water spray leaf surface spraying concentration is 0.2%, be 40% flolimat liquid of 0.1% (% is m/m mass percent concentration) and concentration with water spray concentration be 0.1% (% is m/m mass percent concentration) carbendazim liquid medicament.
(5) garden is gone out: garden transplant planting can be gone out when breeding seedling more than height of seedling 15cm.
In the present invention, the physical purity of seed of No. one, black Qi, seed superiority measure and adopt this area common method, the moisture determination of No. one, black Qi adopts dries weight reduction, the germination rate of No. one, black Qi measures and adopts common Seed germination method in laboratory, the thousand kernel weight of No. one, black Qi measures employing thousand methods, and the vitality of No. one, black Qi measures and adopts dyes color method.
The black Qi that the present invention adopts after measured seed preferentially adopts cleanliness to be 78%, water content 6%, germination rate 82%, thousand kernel weight 1.15g, vitality 95%, seed superiority 95%.
By implementing the concrete summary of the invention of the present invention, following beneficial effect can be reached:
(1) the invention provides a kind of black Qi snow and broadcast seedling-cultivating method, compared with conventional seed planting seedling-cultivating method, next year, seed germination rate reached as high as 95%, fruit-setting rate of blooming reaches as high as 96%, dry fruit output reaches as high as 78.3g/ strain, after ice dissolution at the beginning of spring by the end of March to 4 month, snow is broadcast black fruit lyceum seed and is namely started to emerge, and the nursery stock factor of merit can reach more than 95%, and the method has that seed germination rate is high, fruit-setting rate is high, dry fruit output is high, the features such as morning of emerging.
(2) the invention provides a kind of black Qi snow and broadcast seedling-cultivating method; can make full use of winter natural low temperature or accumulated snow insulation, moisturizing condition black fruit lyceum seed is played to the effect of similar low temperature vernalization; be conducive to its sowing seed germination, strengthen resistance and raising and to bloom fruit-setting rate; thus producing region can be improved breed and cultivate black fruit lyceum seedling quality; reduce manpower goods and materials input cost; this is to quickening and promote the black Qi in producing region breeding large-scale planting and realize orchard worker's increasing both production and income, has important production practices meaning.
Embodiment
, for embodiment, the present invention is described below, but the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
It is all common reagent, the raw and auxiliary material of this area agricultural technical field that liquor potassic permanganate, base that the present invention adopts execute decay sheep excrement, NPK composite fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, 40% flolimat liquid and carbendazim liquid medicament, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, flolimat liquid and carbendazim liquid medicament, can buy acquisition by market.
The all raw and auxiliary materials selected in the present invention, and the cultural method selected is all well known selecting, the % related in the present invention is weight percentage, unless otherwise indicated.
Embodiment one: black Qi snow broadcasts seedling-cultivating method
The invention provides black Qi snow, to broadcast seedling-cultivating method concrete steps as follows:
(1) seed collection, modulation and storage:
Gathering provenance is " No. one, black Qi ", first vigorous from growth, plant is higher, the breeding maternal plant that result quantities is large selects fruit, when it is plucked by during green purpling black, it is for subsequent use that harvesting is placed on clean container, before production of hybrid seeds modulation, reject mouldy fresh fruit and residual branch, the fruit tip, broken nitre, the impurity such as sandy soil, black Qi fresh fruit after process is soaked 24h in clear water, berry is smashed with the beater removing Intranet after 24h, after repeating 1-2 time, the berry smashed to be placed in dusting cover and repeatedly to rinse removal of impurities threshing with a large amount of clear water, until flushing liquor color becomes clear water, the liquor potassic permanganate that the seed leached is placed in concentration 0.3%-0.5% is soaked 2-4h, pull out and be placed in ventilation normal temperature airing on the sunny side with clear water is clean, be-5 DEG C to-1 DEG C in temperature after seed dries, preserve under the condition of dry ventilation.
(2) mensuration of seed quality
Physical purity of seed >=76% of No. one, black Qi, water content 5%-8%, germination rate >=80%, thousand kernel weight 1.15g-1.20g, vitality >=95%, seed superiority >=95%.
(3) sow
The selection on ground, garden: select that smooth, the draining of physical features is good, the sandy loam location that has irrigation conditions, traffic convenience, soil layer deep as nursery, nursery soil actual measurement pH value≤8.5, alkali salt amount≤0.3%.
Do the process of bed: carry out turning in the time in late autumn whole, deep ploughing 20-30cm, decay sheep excrement 2500-3000kg/667m executed by base wholely
2, NPK composite fertilizer 20-25kg/667m
2ground, rear removing garden foreign material grass roots, ditch in the block condition in base area ground of raking, adopt level bed mode to do seedbed, seedbed furrow face width is 100cm, and height is 10cm, and the wide ditch opening 40-50cm between seedbed, as drain ditch and work road, sows the filling of front seedbed permeable.
Sowing: sow the seed of front potassium permanganate water to modulation in advance and carry out routine disinfection, at the water seed soaking 24h of 40 DEG C, in late December sowing, adopt drilling trench digging, line-spacing is 40cm, ditch depth 0.5-1cm, and seeding quantity is 200g/667m
2, according to weight ratio sand: seed and thin sand and soil mix by the proportioning of seed=50:1, and uniform broadcasting in seed furrow, gently tramples reality after the thin sand and soil of upper cover 0.8-1.2cm on seedbed, after planting timely little water flood irrigation waters sufficient water, until emerge.
(4) nursery
Intertill and clean tillage: when after ice dissolution in spring, black fruit lyceum seed starts to emerge, the plastics Small plastic shed of high 20-25cm is built in units of single seedbed, temperature of shed is 25 DEG C-28 DEG C, throw off plastic film once a day and carry out cooling of leaking informaton, at interval of weeding in 5-7 days once, simultaneously for keeping ground moistening in canopy, morning every day, evening respectively carry out 1 drip irrigation spraying moisturizing, time 1.5h/ time of dripping, the amount of dripping 10L/h.
Thinning: the first tenday period of a month in May remove seedbed Small plastic shed, when plant seedling grows to 3-5cm, remove weak seedling and cross close stand, keep seedling spacing in the rows 10-15cm, in conjunction with nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer 1-2 time that water spray leaf surface spraying concentration is 0.2%, with water spray concentration be 0.1% 40% flolimat liquid and concentration be 0.1% carbendazim liquid medicament.
(5) go out garden: early June, reach more than 15cm can go out garden transplant planting when breeding seedling height of seedling, its output of seedling can reach 3-4 ten thousand strains/667m
2, wherein high-quality seedling rate is up to more than 96%.
In the present invention, physical purity of seed, seed superiority measure and adopt this area common method, and No. one, black Qi preferentially adopts physical purity of seed to be 78%, water content 6%, germination rate 82%, thousand kernel weight 1.15g, vitality 95%, seed superiority 95%.
The problem adopting existing common practise as prior art basis is newly created about new invention.In fact, except the invention of initiative, any one innovation and creation is all based on too busy to get away prior art means and technology essential factor, is all adopt the result through innovation further on prior art means basis.For Seeds preprocess, plow, ditch, the technology such as use, sowing, irrigation of fertilizer is all prior art basis, but in the present invention, for the matrimony vine seed sowed, all pick up from fine provenance " No. one, black Qi ", through the seed selection of Xinjiang forest-science academy and assert and through seed modulation treatment and quality determination, the described sowing time is by the end of December to mid-January, and now northern area is many has been the time in midwinter, mean temperature of air-8 DEG C to-10 DEG C, and deposite snow covers, therefore claims snow to broadcast, and snow is broadcast nursery by matrimony vine seeding growing seedlings method of the present invention and created, when doing seedbed, select to apply decay sheep excrement 2500-3000kg/667m wholely
2as base manure, Reasonable executes NPK composite fertilizer 20-25kg/667m simultaneously
2, to improve nursery soil fertility and improvement soil, for black fruit lyceum nursery stock production creates good growing environment and soil fertility condition, in addition, according to line-spacing 40cm, ditch depth 0.5-1cm and the suitable seeding quantity 200g/667m of regulation
2and adopt the mode of drilling water furrow planting, and seed and thin sand and soil are mixed according to the proportioning of weight ratio 50:1, uniform broadcasting is on seedbed in seed furrow, gently reality is trampled after the thin sand and soil of upper cover 0.8-1.2cm, sufficient water is watered in after planting timely little water flood irrigation, until for keeping ground moistening in canopy after emerging in the type of seeding of emerging and spring, every day early, each 1 time and determine to be suitable for time of dripping 1.5h/ time of evening, the amount of dripping 10L/h and carry out drip irrigation spraying moisturizing Precision management measure, these are all to improve black fruit lyceum growth rate under cryogenic, adapt to black Qi snow broadcast nursery needs and do sth. in advance seedling-growing time and the necessary condition of the nursery stock factor of merit, and all need to be verified by scientific experiment.For under cryogenic conditions, particularly under snow broadcasts condition, the method for a black Qi nursery all needs repeatedly to verify through the unpredictalbe scientific experimentation of series and draws.Just because of these reasons, although the application make use of based on routine techniques means, and the method for a black Qi nursery under scientific experiment provides cryogenic conditions on this basis, comparatively conventional seed planting seedling-cultivating method next year seedling do sth. in advance seedling-growing time and do sth. in advance more than 30 days, nursery stock high-quality rate of grade can reach 96%, seedling planting then plant fruit bearing habit is good, nursery stock transplanting then take out send out the spring tip, summer shoot and second branch all can results, fruit-setting rate of blooming reaches as high as 95%, individual plant hip number is large, maximum output can reach 78.3g/ strain and resistance, high temperature resistant and the atmospheric drought nursery stock, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, the aspects such as disease resistance is strong have significant advantage, thus producing region can be improved breed and cultivate black Qi seedling quality, reduce manpower goods and materials input cost, this is to quickening and promote producing region black fruit lyceum breeding large-scale planting and realize orchard worker's increasing both production and income, there is important production practices meaning.
Embodiment two: the snow of No. one, black Qi broadcasts nursery
The invention provides black fruit lyceum snow, to broadcast seedling-cultivating method concrete steps as follows:
In the present embodiment, for the matrimony vine seed sowed, pick up from " No. 1, black Qi " breeding plant of Xinjiang forest-science academy seed selection, and modulation premenstruum (premenstrua) and low temperature storage process are with embodiment one; According to each index detection method of seed quality described in technical solution of the present invention, before sowing quality testing seed vigor and the factor of merit all higher, the factor of merit is more than 95%, and physical purity of seed is 80%, water content 5%, thousand kernel weight 1.16g, germination rate about 92%.
The selection on ground, garden: nursery is selected with embodiment one, actual measurement sandy loam nursery soil pH value is 8.1, alkali salt amount≤0.2%.
Do the process of bed: carry out turning in the time in late autumn whole, deep ploughing 25cm, decay sheep excrement 2500kg/667m executed by base wholely
2, NPK composite fertilizer 20kg/667m
2ground, rear removing garden foreign material grass roots, ditch in the block condition in base area ground of raking, adopt level bed mode to do seedbed, seedbed furrow face width is 100cm, and height is 10cm, and the wide ditch opening 45cm between seedbed, as drain ditch and work road, sows the filling of front seedbed permeable.
Sowing: sow the seed of front potassium permanganate water to modulation in advance and carry out routine disinfection, at the water seed soaking 24h of 40 DEG C, in late December sowing, adopt drilling trench digging, line-spacing is 40cm, ditch depth 0.5-1cm, and seeding quantity is 200g/667m
2, according to weight ratio sand: seed and thin sand and soil mix by the proportioning of seed=50:1, and uniform broadcasting in seed furrow, gently tramples reality after the thin sand and soil of upper cover 0.8-1.2cm on seedbed, after planting timely little water flood irrigation waters sufficient water, until emerge.
Nursery: build plastics Small plastic shed, cooling of leaking informaton, weeding, the control measures such as drip irrigation spraying moisturizing, thinning, fertilising, laxative are substantially with embodiment one.
Go out garden: garden transplant planting can be gone out when breeding seedling more than height of seedling 15cm.
Broadcast seedling-cultivating method by application the present invention about black fruit lyceum snow, its output of seedling can reach 3-4 ten thousand strains/667m
2, wherein high-quality seedling rate is up to more than 95%.
Embodiment three: the snow of No. one, black Qi broadcasts nursery
The invention provides black fruit lyceum snow, to broadcast seedling-cultivating method concrete steps as follows:
In the present embodiment, for the matrimony vine seed sowed, pick up from " No. 1, black Qi " breeding plant of Xinjiang forest-science academy seed selection, and modulation premenstruum (premenstrua) and low temperature storage process are with embodiment one; According to each index detection method of seed quality described in technical solution of the present invention, before sowing quality testing seed vigor and the factor of merit all higher, the factor of merit is more than 95%, and physical purity of seed is 82%, water content 7%, thousand kernel weight 1.18g, germination rate about 95%.
(1) selection on ground, garden: nursery is selected with embodiment one, actual measurement sandy loam nursery soil pH value is 8.0, alkali salt amount≤0.15%.
(2) do the process of bed: carry out turning in the time in late autumn whole, deep ploughing 30cm, decay sheep excrement 2750kg/667m executed by base wholely
2, NPK composite fertilizer 22.5kg/667m
2ground, rear removing garden foreign material grass roots, ditch in the block condition in base area ground of raking, adopt level bed mode to do seedbed, seedbed furrow face width is 100cm, and height is 10cm, and the wide ditch opening 50cm between seedbed, as drain ditch and work road, sows the filling of front seedbed permeable.
(3) sowing, nursery, go out garden: before sowing for Seeds preprocess, plow, ditch, use, sowing, irrigation, the outplanting time of fertilizer and require with embodiment one.
Broadcast seedling-cultivating method by application the present invention about black fruit lyceum snow, more local conventional seedbed system goes out nearly one month ahead of time garden time, and its output of seedling can reach 40,000 strains/667m
2, wherein high-quality seedling rate is up to more than 98%, and the amount of field-transplanting survival rate about 93%, and seedling growth is then large, growing way is healthy and strong, and fruit-setting rate of blooming then reaches more than 92%, there is no the whole year and large sick worm harm occurs.
Embodiment four: the snow of No. one, black Qi broadcasts nursery
The invention provides black fruit lyceum snow, to broadcast seedling-cultivating method concrete steps as follows:
Provenance selection, seed collection, modulation and storage practice are with embodiment one; According to each index detection method of seed quality described in technical solution of the present invention, before sowing quality testing seed vigor and the factor of merit all higher, the factor of merit is more than 95%, and physical purity of seed is 79%, water content 8%, thousand kernel weight 1.20g, germination rate about 93%.
(1) selection on ground, garden: nursery is selected with embodiment one, actual measurement sandy loam nursery soil pH value position 8.4, alkali salt amount≤0.35%.
(2) do the process of bed: carry out turning in the time in late autumn whole, deep ploughing 25cm, decay sheep excrement 3000kg/667m executed by base wholely
2, NPK composite fertilizer 25kg/667m
2ground, rear removing garden foreign material grass roots, ditch in the block condition in base area ground of raking, adopt level bed mode to do seedbed, seedbed furrow face width is 100cm, and height is 10cm, and the wide ditch opening 45cm between seedbed, as drain ditch and work road, sows the filling of front seedbed permeable.
(3) sowing, nursery, go out garden: before sowing for Seeds preprocess, plow, ditch, use, sowing, irrigation, the outplanting time of fertilizer and require with embodiment one.
Broadcast seedling-cultivating method by application the present invention about black fruit lyceum snow, more local conventional seedbed system goes out nearly 40 days ahead of time garden time, and its output of seedling can reach 3.5 ten thousand strains/667m
2, wherein high-quality seedling rate is up to more than 95%, then field-transplanting survival rate more than 90%, seedling growth amount is large, growing way is healthy and strong, and the longest 82cm that reaches of spring tip length, plants fruit-setting rate of blooming then and reach more than 92%, there is no the whole year and large sick worm harm occurs, show stronger resistance.
Embodiment five: different black fruit lyceum seedling-cultivating method Integrated comparative
Go out garden time, seedling quality, then transplanting survival rate, shoot growth amount and resistance to the seedling-wood breeding of multiple conventional seedbed system method to be studied and to test, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: different black fruit lyceum seedling-cultivating method overall target contrast list
As shown in Table 1; one provided by the invention black Qi snow broadcast seedling-cultivating method comparatively conventional seedbed system method next year seedling do sth. in advance seedling-growing time and be about 30-40 days; improve nursery stock high-quality rate of grade more than 20%; seedling planting is survival rate of plant more than 90% then; young sprout maximum growth amount is up to 82cm then; and show stronger resistance and significant advantage; this, for reducing producing region black fruit lyceum conventional seedbed system method higher input management cost, quickening and promotion producing region black fruit lyceum breeding large-scale planting and realizing orchard worker's increasing both production and income, has important production practices meaning.
As can be seen here, above-mentioned test by adopting method provided by the invention, and then reaches and realizes breeding nursery stock and emerge early, and spring, snow melt can be emerged, and comparatively conventional seed planting method breeding nursery stock high-quality rate of grade is high, and the factor of merit is more than 95%.
Embodiment six: solid economic characters check experiment
Be studied for the fruit bearing habit of the multiple conventional seedbed system method institute nursery wood of different location, bloom fruit-setting rate and single plant yield and test, the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: different location black fruit lyceum seedling-cultivating method Grain-Filling Characteristics contrast list
As shown in Table 2, one provided by the invention black Qi snow broadcast seedling-cultivating method comparatively conventional seedbed system method transplant at outplanting and can realize more than 78% individual plant then and blossom and bear fruit, fruit-setting rate reaches more than 92%, and show based on brachyplast result, the spring tip, summer shoot and Secondary Branch all can the excellent Grain-Filling Characteristics of result, its individual plant maximum output can reach 78.3g, shows good high yield Grain-Filling Characteristics; Simultaneously do sth. in advance seedling-growing time in seedling next year, improve nursery stock high-quality rate of grade, seedling planting and there is significant advantage in the good and resistance of plant fruit bearing habit etc. then.
Embodiment seven:
The index determining methods such as the physical purity of seed that the present invention adopts, thousand kernel weight, vitality, seed superiority, water content and germination rate are as follows:
Cleanliness measures: by working sample on a glass, pure seed, and dead seed and field trash are separately.Calculate according to formula cleanliness (%)=pure seed/sample gross weight × 100, draw physical purity of seed.Carry out reviewing or arbitration inspection time, in order to judge to measure for 2 times whether tolerance apart within, the mean measured for 2 times can be calculated, if the gap measuring percentages for 2 times is no more than 4 percentage points, namely the mean measured for 2 times is between 80%-100%, then 2 measurement results meet the requirements.
Moisture determination: take about 5g seed with precision 0.1g balance, generally do 4 repetitions, respectively record of weighing is numbered to container, seed, put into drying baker and set temperature 103 ± 2 DEG C, dry 17 ± 1h, baking oven gos up to time temperature required, start to calculate drying time, the lid of sample box is built after reaching official hour, be placed with in the drier of desiccant, weigh after cooling 30-45min, dry front heavy × 100 calculating according to formula water content (%)=(working sample dries front weight-working sample dries rear heavy)/working sample, draw water content.Every 2 measurement result tolerances apart from being no more than 0.3%, otherwise are reformed, and the mean of 4 reproducible results is as measurement result.
Germination rate measures: adopt common germination test method in laboratory.Get kind, from pure seed, sample four parts, 100, every part, seed, totally 400; Get germinating bed ready, be generally make germination container, 3-4 metafiltration paper or the gauzes that in container, paving has been sterilized with through the germination dish of sterilization, flat dish, filter paper or gauze are added to and suction water; Seed soaking and pendulum kind, for examination seed first clean water be dipped to and suction water, again by the seed handled well with 0.3% liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking sterilization 15min, then with taking-up after water cleaning to be slightly filtered dry by group respectively seed pendulum on germinating bed, grain and grain do not contact and are advisable.Germination container to indicate date of test, variety name, sample number, and require that pendulum is in the place of proper temperature about 25 DEG C, preferably in constant temperature illumination box, maintain the thermophilic germinateed, keep the skin wet in time; Observe and record, in germination test, every day all should give the illumination of 8h, and black fruit lyceum is about 5-7 days, and the intensity of light is the cold white fluorescent of 750-1250lx, calculates the mean of normal chitting piece number and four groups afterwards.Normal germination standard is: the diameter that the root of seed and bud reach seed is long.All, bud lacks residual, deformity or rots, root atrophy is very thin shape, oedema unrooted hair, is abnormal germination.Finally calculate 4 average germination percentage repeated.Formula: germination rate (%)=chitting piece number/total number of samples × 100
Thousand kernel weight measures: adopt thousand methods, black fruit lyceum seed is less, is from the pure seed of removing impurity when measuring thousand grain weigth, with hand or several instrument, random number from test specimen gets two repetitions, often organizes 1000, heavy by component another name, accurately to 0.1g, ask its mean value.The difference of two parts and the ratio of mean more than 5%, should should not analyze the 3rd part of repetition again if exceed, until reach requirement, get two parts of calculating measurement results that difference is little, unit is g/1000 grain.
Vitality measures: application dyes color method measures, and concrete steps are: by seed 30 DEG C of emerge in worm water 2-6h, make the abundant imbibition of seed; Get 100, seed at random, peel off seed coat, get kind of a benevolence, then accurately cut along embryo central authorities, it is for subsequent use to get half; Ready seed is dipped in 0.02%-0.2% isatin solution or 5% red ink acid red G reagent, 30-35 DEG C of insulation 30min in insulating box; After dyeing terminates, pour out dye solution, with clear water, seed is rinsed 1-2 time again, observe the situation that embryo is colored, what all embryos were not colored is the vital seed of tool, embryo all or major part be dyed to and red be the vital seed of not tool or blind seed, finally judge seed vitality according to the staining conditions of embryo and the percentage of statistics life or death seed calculates vitality.
Seed superiority measures: from pure seed, get 100 at random, get 4 repetitions.Post-mortem method: when dissected, divide into groups by grain rip cutting, tangent plane passes through along embryo, can see the developmental state of whole embryo, inspects the size of embryo, endosperm or cotyledon with magnifying glass.Measure seed quality, divide excellent and inferior two kinds.Extrusion: will be placed between two blank sheet of paper for the seed of test, use bottle roll extrusion, the seed as well seed of all display oil drops, the seed without oil drop is empty grain or seed inferior, have water mark but very fast dry be that worm contaminates seed.
Known by above-mentioned series embodiment, employing the invention provides black Qi snow and broadcasts seedling-cultivating method, the nursery stock factor of merit is made to reach more than 95%, transplanted seedling tree then take out send out the spring tip, summer shoot and second branch all can results, fruit-setting rate of blooming reaches as high as 95%, dry fruit output reaches as high as 78.3g/ strain, there is fruit bearing habit good, the feature that hip number is large, this is to improving the black Qi in producing region seeding and seedling raising quality and the labour reduced spent by conventional seed planting seedling-cultivating method and managing input cost, accelerate and promote the black Qi in producing region breeding large-scale planting and realize orchard worker's increasing both production and income, all there is important production practices meaning.
Above-described embodiment is only for example of the present invention is clearly described, and the restriction not to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here exhaustive without the need to also giving all embodiments.And apparent change extended thus or variation are still among protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. black Qi snow broadcasts a seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that, described concrete implantation methods step is as follows:
(1) seed collection, modulation and storage:
When black Qi fruit is plucked by during green purpling black, growth selection is vigorous, plant is higher, lycium ruthenicum fruit on the breeding maternal plant that result quantities is large, it is for subsequent use that harvesting is placed on clean container, before production of hybrid seeds modulation, reject mouldy fresh fruit and residual branch, the fruit tip, broken nitre, the impurity such as sandy soil, after black Qi fresh fruit after process is soaked 24h in clear water, berry is smashed with the beater removing Intranet, after repeating 1-2 time, the berry smashed to be placed in dusting cover and repeatedly to rinse removal of impurities threshing with a large amount of clear water, until flushing liquor color becomes clear water, the seed leached being placed in concentration is that the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.3%-0.5% soaks 2-4h, pull out and be placed in ventilation normal temperature airing on the sunny side with clear water is clean, be-5 DEG C-1 DEG C in temperature after seed dries, preserve under the condition of dry ventilation,
(2) mensuration of seed quality:
Black Qi physical purity of seed >=76%, water content 5%-8%, germination rate >=80%, thousand kernel weight 1.15g-1.20g, vitality >=95%, seed superiority >=95% that adopt;
(3) sow
The selection on ground, garden: select that smooth, the draining of physical features is good, the sandy loam location that has irrigation conditions, traffic convenience, soil layer deep as nursery, nursery soil pH value≤8.5, alkali salt amount≤0.3%;
Do the process of bed: carry out turning over whole at 8 DEG C-10 DEG C in time in late autumn temperature, deep ploughing 20-30cm, decay sheep excrement 2500-3000kg/667m executed by base wholely
2, NPK composite fertilizer 20-25kg/667m
2ground, rear removing garden foreign material grass roots, ditch in the block condition in base area ground of raking, adopt level bed mode to do seedbed, seedbed furrow face width is 100cm, and height is 10cm, and the wide ditch opening 40-50cm between seedbed, as drain ditch and work road, sows the filling of front seedbed permeable;
Sowing: sow the seed of front potassium permanganate water to modulation in advance and carry out routine disinfection, at the water seed soaking 24h of 40 DEG C, in late December sowing, adopt drilling trench digging, line-spacing is 40cm, ditch depth 0.5-1cm, and seeding quantity is 200g/667m
2, according to weight ratio sand: seed and thin sand and soil mix by the proportioning of seed=50:1, and uniform broadcasting in seed furrow, gently tramples reality after the thin sand and soil of upper cover 0.8-1.2cm on seedbed, after planting timely little water flood irrigation waters sufficient water, until emerge;
(4) nursery
Intertill and clean tillage: when after ice dissolution in spring, black Qi seed starts to emerge, the plastics Small plastic shed of high 20-25cm is built in units of single seedbed, temperature of shed is 25 DEG C-28 DEG C, throw off plastic film once a day and carry out cooling of leaking informaton, at interval of weeding in 5-7 days once, simultaneously for keeping ground moistening in canopy, morning every day, evening respectively carry out 1 drip irrigation spraying moisturizing, time 1.5h/ time of dripping, the amount of dripping 10L/h;
Thinning: the first tenday period of a month in May remove seedbed Small plastic shed, when plant seedling grows to 3-5cm, remove weak seedling and cross close stand, keep seedling spacing in the rows 10-15cm, in conjunction with nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer 1-2 time that water spray leaf surface spraying concentration is 0.2%, with water spray concentration be 0.1% 40% flolimat liquid and concentration be 0.1% carbendazim liquid medicament;
(5) garden is gone out: garden transplant planting can be gone out when breeding seedling more than height of seedling 15cm.
2. black Qi as claimed in claim 1 snow broadcasts seedling-cultivating method, it is characterized in that, described black Qi seed adopts cleanliness to be 78%, water content 6%, germination rate 82%, thousand kernel weight 1.15g, vitality 95%, seed superiority 95%.
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