CN106386488A - Method for improving seed germination rate of large flower type paphiopedilum and cultivation method of large flower type paphiopedilum - Google Patents
Method for improving seed germination rate of large flower type paphiopedilum and cultivation method of large flower type paphiopedilum Download PDFInfo
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- CN106386488A CN106386488A CN201610811368.5A CN201610811368A CN106386488A CN 106386488 A CN106386488 A CN 106386488A CN 201610811368 A CN201610811368 A CN 201610811368A CN 106386488 A CN106386488 A CN 106386488A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/005—Methods for micropropagation; Vegetative plant propagation using cell or tissue culture techniques
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/001—Culture apparatus for tissue culture
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the seed germination rate of large flower type paphiopedilum and a cultivation method of the large flower type paphiopedilum. More specifically, the invention provides the method for improving the seed germination rate of the large flower type paphiopedilum. The method comprises the following steps of (1), carrying out artificial pollination after the large flower type paphiopedilum blooms; (2), obtaining seeds after 180 days to 240 days after the pollination and sowing the seeds on a seed germination culture medium, so as to obtain sprout bodies from the seeds. The invention also provides the cultivation method of the large flower type paphiopedilum. According to the cultivation method, the seed germination rate is improved by adopting the method for improving the germination rate. By adopting the methods provided by the invention, the large flower type paphiopedilum of which the flower diameter is greater than 12cm and even reaches 15cm to 16cm can be cultivated; the inflorescence is complete; petals are intact; the ornamental effect is good; moreover, the sowing germination rate is high; the growth speed of a tissue-culture seedling is quick; the survival rate reaches 85 percent or above; the cultivation period can be decreased to 3 years.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to flower culture and horticultural field, it is related to pocket orchid breeding and cultural method, more specifically, the present invention
It is related to the blue breeding cultivation method of the blue especially big flower pattern pocket of pocket.
Background technology
Pocket orchid is in great demand in International Flower market, is also an Endangered taxa of orchid family simultaneously.Apricot yellow, the Paphiopedilum micranthum of China
Zeng Yong obtains the blue exhibition in world whole audience main champion, obtains more or less a hundred U.S. blue exhibition awards.Blue a total of 79 wild species of pocket, wherein about 1/
3 originate from China, are the endangered species of wild fauna and flora species uniquely protected by international trade pact (CITES) in orchid family.China's pocket is blue
Flowers market demand gap is big, and price is prohibitively expensive, 100 to 150 yuan of common kind individual plant price, and rare kind individual plant price can
Reach thousands of units.2012, China produced the only tens of thousands of strain of pocket orchid per year, and pocket orchid yield increased 10 times in recent years, and annual product all supplies should not
Ask.
Although however, pocket orchid is in great demand in International Flower market, pocket orchid is also an Endangered taxa of orchid family.Pocket is blue to plant
Son does not have endosperm, needs could sprout with mycosymbiosises, and germination rate is extremely low, and Dou Lan tissue culture is state in natural environment
The bottleneck of border pocket orchid industry development, haves such problems as that the rate of increase is low, browning is serious.The current orchid commercialization volume production technology of pocket in the world
Still do not set up, its breeding is still with aseptic seeding as Main Means, but exists that germination rate is extremely low, the low problem of planting percent, and not
Seed collecting time phase difference of the same race and that kind pocket is blue is totally different, and optimal kinds of culture medium is also different.Additionally, pocket orchid facility cultivation is deposited
In the shortcoming that poor quality, growth cycle length, the speed of growth are slow, from bottle seedling to blooming or even need 4 to 5 years.
The blue pocket orchid species lacking independent intellectual property right of the pocket of China mainland at present, seedling depends on import Taiwan,
More lack cultural method and the reproduction technique of science.Dou Lan tissue culture is the bottleneck of international pocket orchid industry development, there is propagation
The problems such as rate is low, browning is serious.China's pocket orchid science research input is substantially not enough at present, is primarily present following several respects problem.China
Focus primarily upon initial species conserving culture with regard to the blue research of pocket, such as paphiopedilum armeniacum, Paphiopedilum micranthum, band leaf pocket is blue, huge lobe pocket is blue,
Homochromy pocket orchid, mountain of papers pocket orchid etc., blue several the colored footpath mostly of pocket is less than 10cm, with regard to Hua Jing grinding more than the commercial variety of 12cm
Study carefully less.However, compared with flower pattern little with initial species or multi-pattern type pocket orchid, although the big flower pattern pocket orchid ornamental value of commodity will
Much higher, but this kind of pocket orchid is cenospecies, and ploidy is complicated, often can only obtain little seed it is difficult to large-scale production is sharp
With, and seed germination rate is than initial species, and little flower pattern or multi-pattern type pocket orchid are lower.
Particularly, although the meat pie series pocket orchid in big flower pattern pocket orchid has the high ornamental value of comparison and has higher
Cross-compatibility, but due to its hybrid seed no endosperm or embryonic development not exclusively, germination rate is extremely low and former in its natural state
Bulb melting brown rate is higher so that seed germination rate, planting percent and quality problem are especially prominent.
Therefore how to become such flower plant scientific research with rapid breeding, breeding and cultivating high quality big flower pattern pocket orchid
The emphasis of project, has far deep realistic meaning in its research and development.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is the links of research big flower pattern pocket orchid breeding and cultivation, to cultivate the high-quality pocket having
Orchid, and improve the pocket orchid speed of growth and yield rate, effective reduces cost, lift the market competitiveness, be the blue large-scale production of pocket
Theoretical direction and technical support are provided.
For the seed germination rate existing for big flower pattern pocket orchid in prior art low, browning is serious, planting percent is low, production is all
The low technical problem of phase length, quality, the present invention provides a kind of side improving big flower pattern pocket orchid seed germination rate in first aspect
Method, methods described comprises the steps：(1) carry out artificial pollination in big flower pattern pocket orchid Post flowering；(2) in latter 180 days of pollination extremely
Obtain seed and be seeded on seed germination medium, thus sprout is obtained by seed within 240 days.
First aspect present invention some preferred embodiment in, acquired seed sowing is 1/ in formula
The seed of 4MS+1mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA+1g/L peptone+25g/L Fructus Musae+5.5g/L agar+1g/L activated carbon is sprouted
Send out in culture medium.
The present invention additionally provides a kind of blue cultural method of big flower pattern pocket in second aspect, and methods described adopts the present invention the
On the one hand the method described in is improving seed germination rate.
The blue seed germination rate of big flower pattern pocket, reduction can be significantly improved using the inventive method or eliminate browning degree,
Thus for expanding growth scale and shortening production cycle offer technical support.Some in second aspect present invention are preferably implemented
In mode, also strict control Plant technique condition includes but is not limited to humidity, temperature, illumination and water and fertilizer condition, improves Flos Caryophylli
The blue kind shoot survival percent of type pocket, improves the quality of big flower pattern pocket orchid product, thus being to expand growth scale and shortening further
Production cycle provides technical support.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the blue photo of green meat pie series pocket；
Fig. 2 is the blue photo of red meat cake series pocket；
Fig. 3 is the change curve with the time after pollination for the meat pie class pocket orchid seed germination rate；
Fig. 4 is the blue tissue culture shoot survival percent under different relative humidities of meat pie class pocket；
During Fig. 5 tissue culture transplantation of seedlings blue for meat pie class pocket using survival rate in the case of different substrates over time；
Fig. 6 is that in meat pie class pocket orchid, strong sprout is changed during basin using leaf growth total amount change in time in the case of different substrates
Change；
Fig. 7 a is the photo of the meat pie class pocket orchid potted flower product being obtained using contrast method plantation；
Fig. 7 b is the photo of the meat pie class pocket orchid potted flower product being obtained using the inventive method plantation.
Specific embodiment
As described above, the present invention provides a kind of method improving big flower pattern pocket orchid seed germination rate in first aspect,
Some preferred embodiment in, methods described comprises the steps：
(1) carry out artificial pollination in big flower pattern pocket orchid Post flowering；With
(2) obtain seed and be seeded in seed within (such as 180,210,240 or 270 days) in latter 180 days to 270 days of pollination
On germination medium, thus sprout is obtained by seed.
The present inventor, on the basis of furtheing investigate the blue cross-breeding of big flower pattern pocket and sowing, finds existing big flower pattern
The low main cause at least two of pocket orchid seed germination rate.
The present invention finds through further investigation, the most critical of the blue seed germination rate of the blue especially big flower pattern pocket of impact pocket because
Element is the Maturity of the seed for sowing.Although prior art also selects the sowing with certain Maturity only to sow,
The Maturity of pocket orchid seed being suitable for sowing is not unified the understanding, thinking of having carrys out after self-pollination 300 to 360 days abundant
Expand the seed of capsule preferably, such as CN201510565855.3 discloses a kind of meat pie series pocket orchid cross-breeding and its seedling
Rapid propagation method, wherein using pollination after 300 to 360 days fully expand capsule as seed；Have thinks available from awarding
After powder, the seed of the Fruit pod of 140～150 days is advisable, such as CN201410514229.7 disclose pocket orchid seed germination medium and
Cultural method, wherein adopts the seed of the pollination Fruit pod of 140～150 days；The fruit thought available from 110～120 days after pollination having
More preferably, such as CN201310742625.0 is used for sowing the seed of pod using the seed collected for 110 to 120 days after pollination；Have
Think that the seed using harvesting when 180～220 days after pollination can run into summer high temperature, thus causing seed to have embryo rate to decline, rotten
Fruit rate increases it is proposed that using in latter 120 days about the seeds being harvested of pollination, such as CN201510731703.6 discloses one kind
Shorten the method for pocket orchid fruit development period and raising seed germination rate it is believed that magic Supreme Being's pocket orchid harvests when 180～220 days after pollination
Seed can run into summer high temperature, thus causing seed to have embryo rate to decline, decayed fruit rate increases, it is therefore proposed that on latter 120 days left sides of pollination
The right side can fruit picking sowing.But, the present inventor has been found that through research, and the big flower pattern pocket blue seed development stage is impact seed
The key factor sprouted after aseptic seeding, the seed development initial stage, the tender seed of children closely raw on the placental tissue of Fruit pod, difficult
To separate, even if being seeded in culture medium also browning quickly, only a small amount of seed has sprouting ability.Seed development is excessively
When ripe be in sepia, be dried loosen, the germination rate of sowing also very low it may be possible to because plant skin reach maturity it is difficult to break not
Sleep, need ultrasonic broken skin or chemical substance treatment could promote to sprout.Blue for big flower pattern pocket, adopted within latter 120 days using pollination
The seed germination rate received is very low, have even without sprouting, and be suitable for the kernel maturing of sowing and there is breed difference, right
For meat pie series pocket orchid (referring to Fig. 1 and 2), the seed with harvesting in latter 240 days of pollinating is optimal.
The present inventors have additionally discovered that, blue with respect to little flower pattern pocket, for example initial species pocket is blue, such as paphiopedilum armeniacum, Paphiopedilum micranthum, band
Leaf pocket is blue, blue, the homochromy pocket orchid of huge lobe pocket, mountain of papers pocket orchid etc. (the blue colored footpath of these pockets is respectively less than 12cm, and ornamental value is poor), business
Although the big flower pattern pocket orchid ornamental value of product is much higher, this kind of pocket is blue to be cenospecies, and ploidy is complicated, often can only obtain
To little seed it is difficult to large-scale production utilizes, and seed germination rate is than initial species, and little flower pattern or multi-pattern type pocket are blue
Lower.But, the problems of big flower pattern pocket orchid in prior art can largely be overcome using the inventive method.
Then, some preferred embodiment in, the blue pocket orchid species for flower more than 12cm of described big flower pattern pocket, more preferably F1
For big flower pattern pocket orchid species, more preferably seed is sprouted, seedling survives, quality problem is more serious and long the production cycle
Meat pie series pocket orchid species (Paphiopedilum Pacific Shamrock).
Some preferred embodiment in, described seed be the seed obtaining in latter 210 days to 240 days of pollination (for example
210th, 220,230 or 240) seed, more preferably obtaining for latter 240 days in pollination.
The present invention has no particular limits to Pollination Modes, but some preferred embodiment in, using manually awarding
The mode of powder, described artificial pollination can also be able to be artificial hybridization pollination for artificial pollination self, or both pollination sides
The combination of formula.But, in order to avoid trait segregation, more preferably artificial hybridization pollination.
Some preferred embodiment in, described seed germination medium be 1/4MS+1mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L
NAA+1g/L peptone+25g/L Fructus Musae+5.5g/L agar+1g/L activated carbon.
The present invention finds through overtesting, and the composition of the blue seed germination medium of big flower pattern pocket is the another of impact germination rate
Individual key factor.Being used for the basal medium that pocket orchid seed sprouts in prior art has many kinds, such as MS, NDM, spend precious No. 1,
VW culture medium, the component wherein added further is even more multifarious.In addition, it is generally believed that containing substantial amounts of in banana pulp
The Organic substances such as aminoacid, hormone and enzyme and the complex natural complex of composition, the main component of peptone is aminoacid, because
This, in the blue seed germination medium of pocket, is provided to provide various amino using the main purpose of banana puree and peptone
Acid, does not generally both use simultaneously.But find through research, add appropriate 6- on the basis of 1/4MS
BA, NAA, agar and activated carbon, and add appropriate peptone simultaneously and Fructus Musae muddy flesh can to significantly improve big flower pattern pocket blue
Seed germination rate.
The present invention additionally provides a kind of blue cultural method of big flower pattern pocket in second aspect, and methods described adopts the present invention the
On the one hand the method described in is improving seed germination rate.
Some preferred embodiment in, sowing 100 days to 150 days (such as 100,110,120,130,140 or
150 days) after, the sprout having been developed blade proceeds in strong seedling culture base and cultivates to obtain tissue cultured seedling, described strong seedling culture base
Formula be 1/4MS+4mg/L 6-BA+0.2mg/L NAA+25g/L Fructus Musae+5.5g/L agar+1g/L activated carbon.The present inventor
Find through overtesting, can grow well in the case of without any peptone in strong seedling culture base, thus real
The purpose of existing strong sprout.
Some preferred embodiment in, described tissue cultured seedling plant height be 4cm to 6cm when, tissue cultured seedling is transferred to
After natural light lower refining seedling 20 days, tissue cultured seedling is transplanted in the cultivating container equipped with bark substrate, and is carried out with following condition
Maintenance：Relative humidities are 60% to 80%, more preferably 80%.If relative humidity is less than 60%, it will to big flower pattern
The blue plant strain growth of pocket causes unfavorable irreversible impact it is therefore desirable to need strictly relative humidity after practicing transplantation of seedlings
Control more than 60%.Temperature conditionss can be 18 DEG C to 28 DEG C of daytime, 15 DEG C to 18 DEG C of night；Illumination condition is 10000lux
To 15000lux；Water and fertilizer management condition for pour within every 5 to 7 days permeable once, individually or alternately apply N:P:K is 30:10:10
With 20:20:20 compound fertilizer, extension rate is preferably 3000 times, and frequency of administration for 2 to 4 weeks once, pour for root area by method of application
Fill and/or foliage-spray.
Some preferred embodiment in, once changed basin when strain width is equal to or more than 9cm, and in strain width
Equal to or more than carry out during 22cm secondary change basin, change basin use substrate be all by mass ratio be 1:1 sphagna and bark group
Become, and maintenance is carried out with following condition：Relative humidities are 60% to 80%, more preferably 80%；Temperature conditionss are
18 DEG C to 28 DEG C of daytime, 15 DEG C to 18 DEG C of night；Illumination condition is 10000lux to 15000lux；Water and fertilizer management condition is every 7
Poured to 10 days permeable once, apply N:P:K is 20:20:20 compound fertilizer, extension rate is 3000 times, and frequency of administration is every 2 weeks
Once, method of application is root-zone irrigation and/or foliage-spray.
Some preferred embodiment in, secondary change basin after and carry out flower forcing within 6 months before Target Flowering,
During flower forcing, maintenance is carried out with following condition：Relative humidities are to be not less than 50%, more preferably 80%；Temperature conditionss are
25 DEG C to 27 DEG C of daytime, 16 DEG C to 18 DEG C of night；Illumination condition is 10000lux to 15000lux；Water and fertilizer management condition is every 7
Poured to 10 days permeable once, apply N:P:K is 10:30:10 compound fertilizer, extension rate is 3000 times, and frequency of administration was 4 Mondays
Secondary, method of application is root-zone irrigation and/or foliage-spray.
Some preferred embodiment in, practicing the described bark substrate that uses when after seedling is transplanted is Cortex Pini, preferably
The size of loose squama, more preferably bark is 3mm to 7mm.Other preferred embodiment in, change and use during basin
In substrate, contained bark is Cortex Pini, and preferably loose squama, the more preferably size of bark are 10mm to 20mm.
When practicing after seedling transplanting, it is possible to use Baijunling diluent washes the culture medium of root, enter while cleaning
Row sterilization.
The present inventor also finds through overtesting, and in prior art, the survival rate of big flower pattern pocket orchid seedling is low and product quality is owed
The good culture matrix that used of after seedling of also practicing with seedling bottle outlet is closely related, if practice after seedling be used bark as substrate and/or
The combination that sphagna and bark are used after changing basin can the blue bottle seedling survival rate of significantly big flower pattern pocket as substrate.
In a specific embodiment, the inventive method includes selection, breeding method, aseptic seeding and the group of kind
Knit culture, tissue cultured seedling field planting and Screening matrix, the management of basin Seedling and blooming period management technology etc., specifically may comprise steps of：(a)
Select the big flower pattern pocket orchid species with objective trait；B (), in pocket orchid species Post flowering, selects the plant of healthy mature to enter pedestrian
Work selfing or hybridization pollination；C () seed in Fruit pod is seeded in culture medium, carry out strong sprout and root culture after sprouting；(d)
Training tissue culture seedling, sterilization and field planting；E () changes basin, light temperature, water and fertilizer management technology；The flower forcing of (f) low temperature and florescence rich water quality management skill
Art.
In one more specifically embodiment, 3 years ripe Seedlings, the Huangs of flower big (with diameter greater than 12cm) can be selected
Color, green and red cultivar, such as meat pie series pocket are blue, and it is with the blue series of America pocket for the F1 generation new product of main parents selection-breeding
Kind, it is broadly divided into Flos Carthami and LVHUA series.Select the pocket orchid species Post flowering of healthy mature, carry out artificial autocopulation or hybridization is educated
Kind.During pollination, remove the lip of Parent first, choose lower male parent flower powder with pin, be placed in maternal column cap, because of pollen load tool
Toughness material, therefore, pollen grain is easy to be bonded on stigma.Select 180 days Fruit pods to after ripening in 270 days of pollination, make
Aseptic seeding culture medium, formula is 1/4MS+1mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA+1g/L peptone+25g/L Fructus Musae+5.5g/L
Agar+1g/L activated carbon.White seed in Fruit pod is seeded in the culture medium made.After sowing 30 days to 40 days, plant
Son starts to sprout, and white point-like tissue, and turns green, green bud point.After sowing 100 days to 150 days, can be developed
The sprout of blade proceeds to strong seedling culture base, and formula is 1/4MS+4mg/L 6-BA+0.2mg/L NAA+25g/L Fructus Musae+5.5g/L
Agar+1g/L activated carbon.When plant height is for 4cm to 6cm, tissue cultured seedling band bottle is transferred to culture under natural light and is practiced after 20 days
Seedling (the white silk Seedling time is preferably selected and carries out about November), takes out plant, cleans root culture with 1000 times of diluents of Baijunling
Base, transplants in 1.7 cun of transparent nutritive cubes, and substrate is bark.Maintenance management condition：Humidity is to determine tissue cultured seedling transplanting survival rate
Key factor, optimum humidity be 60 to 80%, when humidity reaches 60%, can potted plant pocket orchid near ground sprinkler, spraying,
Cascade is divulged information；18 DEG C to 28 DEG C of temperature conditionss daytime, 15 DEG C to 18 DEG C of night；Big flower pattern pocket blue streak shines and controls in 10000lux extremely
15000lux, can carry out illumination control using obscurity in 75% shading net shading.Water and fertilizer management condition：Bark is base
Matter, needs to pour once within general 5 to 7 days (substrate 8 becomes dry and gets final product moisturizing), waters every time and will irrigate.Concentration of fertilizer is 3000 times, battalion
Health preserving can be applied fertilizer once for a long time for every 2 weeks, can pour pouring root area using liquid fertilizer and spray leaf surface.The blue nutrition life of big flower pattern pocket
For a long time based on nitrogenous fertilizer and equilibrium fertilizer, conventional N:P:K is 30:10:10 and/or 20:20:20 compound fertilizer.By maintenance 1 year, plant width
1.5 cun of plant more than 9cm change basin to 2.5 cun of transparent nutritive cubes, and after maintenance 1 year, 2.5 cun of plant that strain width is more than 22cm are changed
To 3 cun of transparent nutritive cubes, substrate is sphagna to basin:Bark=1:1.Maintenance management condition：18 DEG C to 28 DEG C of daytime, night 15
DEG C to 18 DEG C.When summer reaches 28 DEG C, can strengthen divulging information and take cooling measure, during as little as 15 DEG C of winter, be incubated or
Heat；Relative humidity 50 to 80%, when humidity is more than 80%, can strengthen ventilation to promote air flow, humidity is less than 50%
When, can ground sprinkler, spraying, cascade ventilation near potted plant pocket orchid；The blue intensity of illumination of big flower pattern pocket may be controlled to
10000lux to 15000lux, the shading net shading that can be 75% using obscurity in the case of necessary carries out shading control
System.Water and fertilizer management condition：When sphagna adds bark for substrate, pour once within general 7 to 10 days.Water every time and will irrigate, rainy day is not
Water.Concentration of fertilizer is 3000 times, and 2 weeks vegetative growth phases applied fertilizer once, and reproductive stage fertilising in 1 month once, can adopt
Liquid fertilizer pours pouring root area and sprays leaf surface.Pocket orchid trophophase, based on nitrogenous fertilizer and equilibrium fertilizer, specifically can adopt N:P:K is 30:
10:10 and/or 20:20:20 compound fertilizer.The flower forcing date be Target Flowering before 6 months, day night temperature control in 25 to 27 DEG C/
16 to 18 DEG C carry out flower forcing process, intensity of illumination 10000lux to 15000lux.Florescence reduces fertilising, can apply fertilizer within every 4 weeks one
Secondary, properly increase P fertilizer, specifically can adopt N:P:K is 10:30:10 compound fertilizer, can pour pouring root area using liquid fertilizer and spray leaf
Surface.
Can be had the advantage that using the method for the present invention：1st, pocket orchid filial generation footpath is more than 12cm, or even reaches
To 15 to 16cm.2nd, aseptic seeding germination rate is high, tissue cultured seedling fast growth.3rd, bottle seedling substrate is bark, and meat pie series pocket is blue
Bottle seedling survival rate more than 85%.4th, shorten cultivation period to 3 years.5th, inflorescence is complete, and petal stands intact, appreciation effect
Good.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for further illustrating the essentiality content of the present invention.According to technical solution of the present invention and embodiment
Description, perhaps same domain technical staff technical solution of the present invention can also be carried out on the basis of the present invention some modification and
Improve.Therefore, the modification and improvement done on the basis of without departing from main technical schemes of the present invention, all should belong to the present invention and be wanted
Seek the scope of protection.When practicing the bark substrate using when after seedling is transplanted in following examples, bark is the loose squama of 5mm, and changes basin
When the bark substrate that uses or substrate in contained bark substrate be 15mm pine squama.
Embodiment 1
Select meat pie series pocket orchid species (referring to Fig. 1 left figure) of healthy mature, carry out artificial hybridization breeding.During pollination,
Remove the lip of Parent first, choose lower male parent flower powder with pin, be placed in maternal column cap, because pollen load has goo
Matter, therefore, pollen grain is easy to be bonded on stigma.Select the Fruit pod of 30 days to 300 days different maturity of pollination, sow respectively
On seed germination medium, culture medium prescription is that 1/4MS+1mg/L6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA+1g/L peptone+25g/L is fragrant
Any of several broadleaf plants+5.5g/L agar+1g/L activated carbon, and count germination rate after 60 days.
From the statistical result of Fig. 3, the blue germination rate of meat pie series pocket has direct relation with seed maturity degree.Pollination
On 120 days inoculation mediums, seed is not sprouted afterwards, latter 240 days seed germination rate highests of pollinating, after pollination more than 300 days seeds because
Excessively maturation is it is difficult to sprout.Therefore, select the sowing time that seed germination rate is had a major impact.
Embodiment 2
Using the tissue cultured seedling of the meat pie series pocket orchid species described in embodiment 1, after bottle outlet, cultivate in 1.7 cun of transparent nutrition
Alms bowl, substrate is bark.The different maintenance humidity management condition of setting：Humidity is 60% and 80%.After culture 200 days, statistics survives
Rate., as shown in figure 4, meat pie pocket orchid resistance is poor, survival rate is low for result of the test.When relative humidity is 80%, meat pie tissue cultured seedling survives
Rate is up to 79%.When relative humidity is 60%, meat pie tissue culture shoot survival percent is 51%.Therefore, relative humidity is more suitable for for 80%
Tissue cultured seedling bottle outlet grows.
Embodiment 3
Using the meat pie series pocket orchid species described in embodiment 1, seed sprouting is carried out with the essentially identical method of embodiment 1
Rate is tested, and except for the difference that adopts following seed germination medium.Result is as follows.
As can be seen from the above table, using 1/4MS+1mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA+1g/L peptone+25g/L Fructus Musae+
5.5g/L agar+1g/L activated carbon can significantly improve the blue seed germination rate of big flower pattern pocket as seed germination medium.
Embodiment 4
The meat pie series pocket orchid species being used with embodiment 1 for trying material, by the tissue cultured seedling band bottle transfer of plant height 4 to 6cm
After cultivating 20 days under natural light, take out plant, clean root culture medium with 1000 times of diluents of Baijunling, transplant in 1.7 cun
In transparent nutritive cube, substrate is respectively bark, zeolite：Bark：Coconut palm block=2:1:2nd, fruit tree branch, pasture and water and coconut palm block, respectively at 64
My god, 167 days, 250 days, after 365 days count survival rate.
Maintenance management condition：Humidity 60 to 80%；18 DEG C to 28 DEG C of temperature conditionss daytime, 15 DEG C to 18 DEG C of night；Illumination
10000lux to 15000lux, carries out shading control using obscurity in 75% shading net.Water and fertilizer management condition：General 5 to 7
It pours once, and 8 one-tenth of substrate is dry just should timely moisturizing.Water every time and will irrigate, rainy day does not water.Concentration of fertilizer is 3000 times,
2 weeks vegetative growth phases applied fertilizer once, poured pouring root area using liquid fertilizer and sprayed leaf surface alternately fertilising, wherein vegetative growth phase is with nitrogen
Based on fertile and equilibrium is fertile, specially alternately apply N:P:K is 30:10:10 and 20:20:20 compound fertilizer.
As seen from Figure 5, pocket orchid tissue cultured seedling based assays result shows, with bark for substrate survival rate highest, cultivates 6 months
Survival rate is to 82% afterwards, next to that fruit tree branch and zeolite：Bark：Coconut palm block=2:1:1, survival rate 72%, but, fruit tree branch
Substrate in the course of cultivation, easily causes funguses and bacterium infection, and fungoids white lime color mustiness thing in getting up early, and antibacterial in the later stage
Property Lycoperdon polymorphum Vitt water stain shape thing, as substrate, will improve pocket orchid disease (as stem rot) probability.
Embodiment 5
Meat pie series pocket orchid species described in embodiment 1, for trying material, select 1.7 cun of plant that strain width is more than 9cm to change basin
To 2.5 cun of transparent nutritive cubes, matrix treatments are respectively sphagna, bark, sphagna：Branch=2:1st, sphagna：Bark=1:1st, water
Tongue：Bark：Sheep stool=1:1:1.
Maintenance management condition：18 DEG C to 28 DEG C of daytime, 15 DEG C to 18 DEG C of night；Humidity 50 to 80%；Light as requested
10000lux to 15000lux, controls illumination using obscurity in 75% shading net shading.Water and fertilizer management condition：Every 7 days extremely
Pour within 10 days permeable once.Concentration of fertilizer is 3000 times, and 2 weeks vegetative growth phases applied fertilizer once, reproductive stage fertilising one in 1 month
Secondary, pouring root area is poured using liquid fertilizer and sprays leaf surface and combine fertilization mode, pocket orchid vegetative growth phase based on nitrogenous fertilizer and equilibrium fertilizer,
Alternately apply N:P:K is 30:10:10 and 20:20:20 compound fertilizer.
As seen from Figure 6, sphagna：Bark=1:1 when being substrate, and the leaf growth amount of meat pie is maximum, is grown by 4.9cm
To 65.83cm, for other substrate, it is the matrix species being best suitable for the growth of meat pie apoplexy due to endogenous wind seedlings.Secondly, sphagna：Tree
Skin：Sheep stool=1:1:1 increment is also larger, adds organic matter and is conducive to pocket orchid leaf growth.Both substrate is all better than pure
The effect adding bark in sphagna and bark, and substrate is better than branch.
Embodiment 6
Select 3 years ripe Seedlings of the meat pie series pocket orchid species described in embodiment 1.Select the pocket orchid plant of healthy mature,
Carry out artificial autocopulation's pollination in Post flowering.During pollination, remove the lip of Parent first, choose lower male parent flower powder with pin, lay
In maternal column cap, because pollen load has stickum, therefore, pollen grain can be bonded on stigma.Become after selecting pollination 120 days
Ripe Fruit pod, makes aseptic seeding culture medium, and formula is that MS+1mg/L6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA+5.5g/L agar+1g/L lives
Property charcoal.Seed in Fruit pod is seeded in the culture medium made.After sowing 30 to 40 days, seed starts to sprout, and occurs white
Color dot shape is organized, and turns green, green bud point, now measures germination rate.
After sowing 100 days to 150 days, the sprout that can have been developed blade proceeds to strong seedling culture base, and formula is MS+4mg/L
6-BA+0.2mg/L NAA+25g/L Fructus Musae+5.5g/L agar+1g/L activated carbon.
Bottle will be carried to transfer to culture under natural light carry out within 20 days practicing Seedling when growing to plant height 4 to 6cm in strong seedling culture base.
Through practicing after seedling, take out plant, clean root culture medium with 1000 times of diluents of Baijunling, transplant in 1.7 cun thoroughly
In bright nutritive cube, substrate is sphagna.Maintenance management condition：Humidity is 60 to 80%, when humidity is less than 60%, attached in potted plant pocket orchid
Nearly ground sprinkler, spraying, cascade ventilation；18 DEG C to 28 DEG C of temperature conditionss daytime, 15 DEG C to 18 DEG C of night；By intensity of illumination control
For 10000lux to 15000lux, shading control is carried out in 75% shading net using obscurity.Water and fertilizer management condition：Bark base
Moisturizing during 8 one-tenth of matter dry (generally require 5 to 7 days and pour once).Water every time and will irrigate (rainy day does not water).Concentration of fertilizer is
3000 times, 2 weeks vegetative growth phases applied fertilizer once, poured pouring root area using liquid fertilizer and combined the fertilization mode spraying leaf surface.The blue battalion of pocket
Health preserving for a long time with nitrogenous fertilizer and equilibrium fertilizer based on, specifically used N:P:K is 20:20:20 compound fertilizer.
1.5 cun of plant that maintenance 1 year, plant width is more than 9cm change basin to 2.5 cun of transparent nutritive cubes, after maintenance 1 year, strain
2.5 cun of plant that width is more than 22cm change basin to 3 cun of transparent nutritive cubes, and substrate is bark.Maintenance management condition：Optimum humidity
For 60 to 80%, when humidity is less than 60%, ground sprinkler, spraying, cascade ventilation near potted plant pocket orchid；Temperature conditionss daytime 18
DEG C to 28 DEG C, 15 DEG C to 18 DEG C of night；Pocket blue streak photograph is controlled in 10000lux extremely in 75% shading net using obscurity
15000lux.Water and fertilizer management condition：Moisturizing (generally require 5 to 7 days and pour once) when 8 one-tenth of bark substrate is dry.Water every time and will pour
Thoroughly (rainy day does not water).Concentration of fertilizer is 3000 times, and 2 weeks vegetative growth phases applied fertilizer once, pours pouring root area using liquid fertilizer and combines
Spray leaf surface.Pocket orchid trophophase, based on nitrogenous fertilizer and equilibrium fertilizer, specifically commonly uses N:P:K is 20:20:20 compound fertilizer.
1.5 cun of plant that maintenance 1 year, plant width is more than 9cm change basin to 2.5 cun of transparent nutritive cubes, after maintenance 1 year, strain
2.5 cun of plant that width is more than 22cm change basin to 3 cun of transparent nutritive cubes, and substrate is sphagna:Bark=1:1.Maintenance management bar
Part：18 DEG C to 28 DEG C of daytime, 15 DEG C to 18 DEG C of night.When temperature is higher than 30 DEG C, lowered the temperature by strengthening ventilation, winter is low
When 15 DEG C, using insulation or measure of heating；Humidity 50 to 80%, when humidity is more than 80%, strengthens ventilation and promotes air flow,
When humidity is less than 50%, ground sprinkler, spraying, cascade ventilation near potted plant pocket orchid；Pocket blue streak according to using obscurity 75%
Shading net control in 10000lux to 15000lux.Water and fertilizer management condition：When sphagna adds bark for substrate, pour one within 7 to 10 days
Secondary.Water every time and will irrigate (rainy day does not water).Concentration of fertilizer is 3000 times, and 2 weeks vegetative growth phases applied fertilizer once, and reproduction is given birth to
Once, fertilising is poured pouring root area using liquid fertilizer and is sprayed leaf surface and carry out for fertilising in long-term 1 month.Pocket orchid vegetative growth phase with nitrogenous fertilizer and
Based on equilibrium fertilizer, specifically used N:P:K is 30:10:10 and 20:20:20 compound fertilizer.The flower forcing date is 6 before Target Flowering
Individual month, day night temperature control carried out flower forcing process, intensity of illumination 10000lux to 15000lux in 25 to 27 DEG C/16 to 18 DEG C.
Florescence reduces fertilising, and fertilising in every 4 weeks once, properly increases P fertilizer, specifically used N:P:K is 10:30:10 compound fertilizer, by liquid
Fei Jiao pouring root area and spray leaf surface and carry out.
Under the method operation, hybrid seed aseptic seeding is not sprouted or germination rate is extremely low, and pocket orchid seed is extremely immature (white
Color group fills) or ripe (brown particles shape), all it is difficult to sprout.After tissue cultured seedling bottle outlet, substrate is sphagna, and survival rate is less than 40%.
Middle seedlings substrate is bark, and root system development is good, but blade is not stood upright and minus green, and growth cycle is long, and Flowering quality is poor, Hua Jing little
In 10cm, pattern shallow (referring to Fig. 7 a).
Embodiment 7
Select 3 years ripe Seedlings of the meat pie series pocket orchid species described in embodiment 1.Select the plant of healthy mature, opening
Hua Hou, carries out artificial autocopulation's pollination.During pollination, remove the lip of Parent first, choose lower male parent flower powder with pin, be placed in mother
On this stigma, because pollen load has stickum, therefore, pollen grain can be bonded on stigma.Select the Fruit pod after pollinating 240 days
Obtain seed (seed is half ripe, in light yellow graininess), make seed germination medium, formula is 1/4MS+1mg/L 6-
BA+0.1mg/L NAA+1g/L peptone+25g/L Fructus Musae+5.5g/L agar+1g/L activated carbon.By the white seed in Fruit pod
It is seeded in the culture medium made.After sowing 30 to 40 days, seed starts to sprout, and white point-like tissue, and turns green,
Green bud point occurs, now measures germination rate.
After sowing 100 days to 150 days, the sprout having been developed blade proceeds to strong seedling culture base, and formula is 1/4MS+
4mg/L6-BA+0.2mg/L NAA+25g/L Fructus Musae+5.5g/L agar+1g/L activated carbon.
Bottle will be carried to transfer to culture under natural light carry out within 20 days practicing Seedling when growing to plant height 4 to 6cm in strong seedling culture base.
Through white silk after seedling, take out plant, wash root culture medium with 1000 times of diluents of Baijunling, then transplant in
In 1.7 cun of transparent nutritive cubes, substrate is bark.Maintenance management condition：Humid control is 60 to 80%, when humidity is less than 60%,
Ground sprinkler, spraying, cascade ventilation near potted plant pocket orchid；18 DEG C to 28 DEG C of temperature conditionss daytime, 15 DEG C to 18 DEG C of night；Pocket
Blue streak impinges upon 10000lux to 15000lux, carries out shading control using obscurity in 75% shading net.Water and fertilizer management condition：
Moisturizing (generally require 5 to 7 days and pour once) when 8 one-tenth of bark substrate is dry.Water every time and will irrigate (rainy day does not water).Fertilizer is dense
Spend for 3000 times, 2 weeks vegetative growth phases applied fertilizer once, the combination of pouring root area is poured using liquid fertilizer and sprays leaf surface.Pocket orchid trophophase with
Based on nitrogenous fertilizer and equilibrium fertilizer, specifically used N:P:K is 20:20:20 compound fertilizer.
1.5 cun of plant that maintenance 1 year, plant width is more than 9cm change basin to 2.5 cun of transparent nutritive cubes, after maintenance 1 year, strain
2.5 cun of plant that width is more than 22cm change basin to 3 cun of transparent nutritive cubes, and substrate is sphagna:Bark=1:1.Maintenance management bar
Part：18 DEG C to 28 DEG C of daytime, 15 DEG C to 18 DEG C of night.When temperature is higher than 30 DEG C, lowered the temperature by strengthening ventilation, winter is low
When 15 DEG C, using insulation or measure of heating；Humidity 50 to 80%, when humidity is more than 80%, strengthens ventilation and promotes air flow,
When humidity is less than 50%, ground sprinkler, spraying, cascade ventilation near potted plant pocket orchid；Pocket blue streak according to using obscurity 75%
Shading net control in 10000lux to 15000lux.Water and fertilizer management condition：When sphagna adds bark for substrate, pour one within 7 to 10 days
Secondary.Water every time and will irrigate (rainy day does not water).Concentration of fertilizer is 3000 times, and 2 weeks vegetative growth phases applied fertilizer once, and reproduction is given birth to
Once, fertilising is poured pouring root area using liquid fertilizer and is combined and sprays leaf surface and carry out for fertilising in long-term 1 month.Pocket orchid vegetative growth phase is with nitrogenous fertilizer
And based on equilibrium fertilizer, specifically used N:P:K is 20:20:20 compound fertilizer.
Carry out flower forcing within 6 months before Target Flowering, during flower forcing, day night temperature control is in 25 to 27 DEG C/16 to 18 DEG C
Carry out flower forcing process, intensity of illumination 10000lux to 15000lux.Florescence reduces fertilising, and fertilising in every 4 weeks once, properly increases P
Fertilizer, specifically used N:P:K is 10:30:10 compound fertilizer, pours pouring root area by liquid fertilizer and combines and spray leaf surface and carry out.
Under the method operation, select to carry out sowing sprouting during seed half ripe (latter 240 days of pollination, in light yellow graininess)
Rate is high, emerges neat.Using basal medium be survival rate during 1/4MS and the speed of growth is high, adds peptone in culture medium
Germination rate can be improved with Fructus Musae.
After tissue cultured seedling bottle outlet, substrate is bark, and survival rate may be up to more than 85%, even up to 100%.Middle seedlings substrate
For sphagna:Bark=1:When 1, root system development is good, and blade stands upright, blackish green, wide and thick, substantially reduces week of nourishing and growing
Phase, Flowering quality is good, Hua Jing up to 12 to 16cm, pattern gorgeous and beautiful (referring to Fig. 7 b).
The quantity of blooming of the big flower pattern pocket orchid cultivated by the inventive method is many, and appreciation effect is good.Filial generation germination rate
Height, bottle seedling survival rate is high, and big seedling leaf is stood upright, blackish green, wide and thick, large flower and brilliant color, and the florescence is up to two first quarter moons, production cycle
Drop to 3 years.This technology is applied to the orchid breeding of big flower pattern pocket and production, shortens while the production cycle it is ensured that product quantity and matter
Amount, the production for the orchid breeding of big flower pattern pocket and potted flower provides technology guarantee.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method improving big flower pattern pocket orchid seed germination rate is it is characterised in that methods described comprises the steps：
(1) carry out artificial pollination in big flower pattern pocket orchid Post flowering；With
(2) obtain seed and be seeded on seed germination medium within latter 180 days to 270 days in pollination, thus being obtained by seed
Sprout.
2. method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：
Described big flower pattern pocket orchid pocket orchid species more than 12cm for flower, more preferably F1 generation big flower pattern pocket orchid species, further
It is preferably meat pie series pocket orchid species.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 it is characterised in that：
Described seed is the seed obtaining for latter 210 days to 240 days in pollination.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2 it is characterised in that：
Described seed is the seed obtaining for latter 240 days in pollination.
5. method according to any one of claim 1 to 4 it is characterised in that：
Described artificial pollination is pollination self and/or hybridization pollination, more preferably hybridization pollination.
6. method according to any one of claim 1 to 5 it is characterised in that：
Described seed germination medium be 1/4MS+1mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA+1g/L peptone+25g/L Fructus Musae+
5.5g/L agar+1g/L activated carbon.
7. a kind of blue cultural method of big flower pattern pocket it is characterised in that：
Methods described to improve seed germination rate using the method any one of claim 1 to 6.
8. method according to claim 7 it is characterised in that：
After sowing 100 days to 150 days, the sprout having been developed blade proceeds in strong seedling culture base and cultivates to obtain tissue culture
Seedling, the formula of described strong seedling culture base be 1/4MS+4mg/L 6-BA+0.2mg/L NAA+25g/L Fructus Musae+5.5g/L agar+
1g/L activated carbon.
9. the method according to claim 7 or 8 it is characterised in that：
When the plant height of described tissue cultured seedling is 4cm to 6cm, after tissue cultured seedling is transferred to natural light lower refining seedling 20 days, by tissue cultured seedling
It is transplanted in the cultivating container equipped with bark substrate, and maintenance is carried out with following condition：Relative humidities be 60% to
80%, more preferably 80%；Temperature conditionss are 18 DEG C to 28 DEG C of daytime, 15 DEG C to 18 DEG C of night；Illumination condition is 10000lux
To 15000lux；Water and fertilizer management condition for pour within every 5 to 7 days permeable once, apply N:P:K is 30:10:10 and/or 20:20:20
Compound fertilizer, extension rate be 3000 times, frequency of administration be 2 to 4 weeks once, method of application be root-zone irrigation and/or blade face spray
Apply；
Once changed basin when strain width is equal to or more than 9cm, and carried out when strain width is equal to or more than 22cm secondary
Change basin, change basin use substrate be all by mass ratio be 1:1 sphagna and bark composition, and maintenance is carried out with following condition：
Relative humidities are 60% to 80%, more preferably 80%；Temperature conditionss are 18 DEG C to 28 DEG C of daytime, 15 DEG C of night to 18
℃；Illumination condition is 10000lux to 15000lux；Water and fertilizer management condition for pour within every 7 to 10 days permeable once, apply N:P:K is
20:20:20 compound fertilizer, extension rate be 3000 times, frequency of administration be once every 2 weeks, method of application be root-zone irrigation and/or
Foliage-spray；
Secondary change basin after and carry out flower forcing within 6 months before Target Flowering, during flower forcing, maintenance is carried out with following condition：
Relative humidities are to be not less than 50%, more preferably 80%；Temperature conditionss are 25 DEG C to 27 DEG C of daytime, 16 DEG C of night to 18
℃；Illumination condition is 10000lux to 15000lux；Water and fertilizer management condition for pour within every 7 to 10 days permeable once, apply N:P:K is
10:30:10 compound fertilizer, extension rate is 3000 times, and for 4 weeks once, method of application is root-zone irrigation and/or leaf to frequency of administration
Face sprays.
10. the method according to any one of claim 7 to 9 it is characterised in that：
Practicing the described bark substrate using when after seedling is transplanted is Cortex Pini, preferably loose squama, and the size of more preferably bark is
3mm to 7mm；And/or
Changing contained bark in the substrate using during basin is Cortex Pini, preferably loose squama, and the size of more preferably bark is
10mm to 20mm.
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| CN115039655A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-13 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Standardized potted flower cultivation method for foliage begonia |
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| CN110089428B (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2022-07-08 | 福建省农业科学院作物研究所 | Paphiopedilum hybrid seed sterile seeding and seedling raising method |
| CN110149950B (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2021-12-03 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Method for improving development quality of paphiopedilum albolanum seeds and test solution thereof |
| CN110881478B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-04-13 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for promoting germination of seeds of denatolum and paphiopedilum by using ceriferous fungi |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN109287486A (en) | 2019-02-01 |
| CN106386488B (en) | 2018-12-21 |
| CN109287486B (en) | 2022-05-27 |
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