CN105638188B - A kind of method for culturing seedlings of new pteris fern - Google Patents
A kind of method for culturing seedlings of new pteris fern Download PDFInfo
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- CN105638188B CN105638188B CN201510998916.5A CN201510998916A CN105638188B CN 105638188 B CN105638188 B CN 105638188B CN 201510998916 A CN201510998916 A CN 201510998916A CN 105638188 B CN105638188 B CN 105638188B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to Pteridiaceae botanical seedling culturing fields, and in particular to a kind of method for culturing seedlings of new pteris fern.It is not easy to sprout, be bred as the problems such as seedling is of poor quality, and planting percent is low for new pteris fern seedling raising process miospore, the present invention provides a kind of new pteris fern method for culturing seedlings, includes the following steps：A, the pretreatment and sowing of new pteris fern spore；B, the cultivation of new pteris fern seedling.The present invention by carrying out new pteris fern spore sowing, screen the combinations of the technological means such as the dense degree of sowing of most suitable new pteris fern growth, the transplanting time of regulation and control new pteris fern seedling again after chemicals treatment in advance, the new pteris fern seedling that planting percent is high, color and luster is luicd and elegant, blade is full is cultivated, there is higher commercial value and economic value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Pteridiaceae botanical seedling culturing fields, and in particular to a kind of method for culturing seedlings of new pteris fern.
Background technology
New pteris fern (Asplenium nidus) is also known as nest fern, mountain Soviet Union flower, crown fern, is that Aspleniaceae nest Cyclosorus is perennial
Cloudy this foliage plant of sward.New pteris fern plant type is plentiful, the pale yellowish green light of leaf color, and graceful generous, game is strong.With people life and
The raising of appreciation level, home flower no longer stick to decorative flower, and foliage plant and small potting are just quietly risen, new pteris fern
Liked and accepted that there is wide development space by more and more consumers with its beautiful shape.
Under natural conditions, new pteris fern is mainly by sporogenesis, but the condition that spore is sprouted naturally is higher, it is difficult to be formed big
Measure seedling.Seedling used in large-scale production also has at present is trained by way of spore sterile culture and excised cotyledon
It educates, but must be carried out under the conditions of the gnotobasis of manual control, to facilities and equipment, peopleware, the input of fund, operation
Fineness etc. it is more demanding, there is significant limitation.Due to unripe large-scale planting seedling-raising technique, mesh
Preceding new pteris fern nursery stock is very different, inferior quality.
In the existing sporogenesis technology of new pteris fern, spore is not easy to sprout, sprout after transplanted seedling survival rate it is low, transplanting
Seedling poor quality, color and luster is dim when to make new pteris fern be out of the garden, and blade face is not full, and planting percent is low, seriously affects new pteris fern and goes out
The quality of garden seedling limits the development of new pteris fern scale breeding industry.
Invention content
It is not easy to sprout for above-mentioned new pteris fern seedling raising process miospore, is bred as the problems such as seedling is of poor quality, and planting percent is low, this hair
It is bright that a kind of new new pteris fern method for culturing seedlings is provided, by carrying out sowing again after chemicals treatment in advance to new pteris fern spore, screen most
The combination of the technological means such as the dense degree of sowing of suitable new pteris fern growth, the transplanting time of regulation and control new pteris fern seedling, is cultivated into
The new pteris fern seedling that seedling rate is high, color and luster is luicd and elegant, blade is full has higher commercial value and economic value.
The scheme that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is to provide a kind of method for culturing seedlings of new pteris fern, includes the following steps：
A, the pretreatment of new pteris fern spore and sowing
Ripe new pteris fern spore is chosen, after being mixed with water, sprouting accelerating agent, is sprayed on stromal surface；
The sprouting accelerating agent is at least one of gibberellic acid or the basic element of cell division；
B, new pteris fern seedling culture
After step a miospores sprouting after, carry out first stage cultivation, cultivate 20~30 days time, wait for sporinite formed 1~
It is transplanted when 3 sheetmolding leaf；Second stage cultivation is carried out to the new pteris fern of transplanting, 45~55 days time is cultivated, waits for that seedling reaches
It is out of the garden when to leaf mosaic.
Wherein, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, nonionic surfactant is added in the water described in step a.
Preferably, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, the nonionic surfactant that is added in the water described in step a
For bleeding agent, dosage is that bleeding agent 1ml is added in every 2000~5000ml water, it is furthermore preferred that bleeding agent dosage is every
Bleeding agent 1ml is added in 3333ml water.
Wherein, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, the gibberellic acid described in step a is 75wt% gibberellic acid crystal powders；
The basic element of cell division is 2wt%6- benzylaminopurine liquid.
Wherein, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, when gibberellic acid described in step a is 75wt% gibberellic acid crystal powders,
The weight ratio of spore and 75wt% gibberellic acid crystal powders is 100 ︰ 50~100.
Wherein, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, the basic element of cell division described in step a is that 2wt%6- benzylaminos are fast
When purine liquid, the weight ratio of spore and 2wt%6- benzylaminopurine liquid is 100 ︰ 5~7.5.
Wherein, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, sprinkling described in step a refers to：It is sprayed after every 0.1 gram of spore mixing
It is 0.2~0.6m in surface area2Matrix on.
Preferably, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, sprinkling described in step a refers to：It is sprayed after every 0.1 gram of spore mixing
It is 0.4m to be sprinkled upon surface area2Matrix on.
Wherein, it in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, is transplanted when preferred sporinite forms 3 sheetmolding leaf in step b.
Wherein, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, the first stage described in step b, which cultivates, is：Holding temperature 18~
22 DEG C, air humidity 80~85%, 500~1000Lux of intensity of illumination, soil humidity 70~80%.
Wherein, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, the second stage cultivation described in step b is：Holding temperature 18~
22 DEG C, air humidity 80~85%, 2000~3000Lux of intensity of illumination, soil humidity 70~80%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention pre-processes new pteris fern spore by using sprouting accelerating agent, controls
It makes the dense degree of suitable spore plantation, suitable transplanting time is selected to carry out nursery to new pteris fern, be effectively promoted new pteris fern
Seed is sprouted, and is promoted sporinite and is formed root system, is conducive to recovery and growth after transplanting.The bird that technical solution of the present invention is cultivated
Nest fern seedling seedling quantity is more, and maximum leaf length and maximum width of blade are superior to conventional method and carry out nursery to new pteris fern spore when seedling
As a result, seedling seedling is high-quality.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention provides a kind of method for culturing seedlings of new pteris fern, includes the following steps：
A, the pretreatment of new pteris fern spore and sowing
Ripe new pteris fern spore is chosen, after being mixed with water, sprouting accelerating agent, is sprayed on stromal surface；
The sprouting accelerating agent is at least one of gibberellic acid or the basic element of cell division；
B, new pteris fern seedling culture
After step a miospores sprouting after, carry out first stage cultivation, cultivate 20~30 days time, wait for sporinite formed 1~
It is transplanted when 3 sheetmolding leaf；Second stage cultivation is carried out to the new pteris fern of transplanting, 45~55 days time is cultivated, waits for that seedling reaches
It is out of the garden when to leaf mosaic.
Wherein, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, nonionic surfactant is added in the water described in step a.It is excellent
Choosing, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, the nonionic surfactant being added in the water described in step a is bleeding agent,
Its dosage is that bleeding agent 1ml is added in every 2000~5000ml water, it is furthermore preferred that bleeding agent dosage is to be added per in 3333ml water
Bleeding agent 1ml.
Wherein, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, the weight ratio of spore and water described in step a is preferably 1 ︰
1000。
Wherein, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, the gibberellic acid described in step a is 75wt% gibberellic acid crystal powders,
The basic element of cell division is 2wt%6- benzylaminopurine liquid；When the gibberellic acid is 75wt% gibberellic acid crystal powders, spore
The weight ratio of son and 75wt% gibberellic acid crystal powders is 100 ︰ 50~100；When the basic element of cell division is 2wt%6- benzylaminos
When purine liquid, the weight ratio of spore and 2wt%6- benzylaminopurine liquid is 100 ︰ 5~7.5.
Wherein, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, sprinkling described in step a refers to：It is sprayed after every 0.1 gram of spore mixing
It is 0.2~0.6m in surface area2Matrix on；Preferably, it is sprayed described in step a and refers to：It is sprayed after every 0.1 gram of spore mixing
It is 0.4m in surface area2Matrix on.
Wherein, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, step b miospore bodies are transplanted when forming 1~3 sheetmolding leaf,
Preferably, it is transplanted when sporinite forms 3 sheetmolding leaf.
Wherein, in the method for culturing seedlings of above-mentioned new pteris fern, in the cultivating process described in step b, water management is：Every 3~5
It pours a water, and stromal surface is kept to moisten by the way of spraying；Since seedling stage fertilizer requirement is not high, the nutrient of Nutrition Soil
The growth of new pteris fern plant can fully be met, cultivating process can not use composite fertilizer.When seedling stage does not occur pest and disease damage, do not use
Pesticide is prevented if pest and disease damage occurs in seedling stage using the drug of national regulation.
Highly it is after planting the arched shed of 50cm in matrix for better nursery in the cultivating process of new pteris fern seedling
Ceiling is capped 2 layers of non-woven fabrics, and the sunshade net that 1 layer of shading rate is 85% is capped outside non-woven fabrics, and sporinite is protected before generating a piece of spire
500~1000Lux of intensity of illumination is held, sporinite generates 1 blade and maintained within 2000~3000Lux to before transplanting.Meanwhile
Keep 18~22 DEG C of temperature, air humidity 80~85%.
Peat is a kind of by with being formed by atmospheric swamp product (also known as turf or mud coal) of thousands of years, is coalification
The minimum coal of degree, while being also the state of coal most original, sterile, nontoxic, pollution-free, venting capability is good, light, water holding, guarantor
Fertilizer is conducive to microbial activities, enhances biological property, full of nutrition, and containing very high organic matter, humic acid and nutrition at
Part, it is a kind of superfine plant cultivation media of performance, is conducive to the sprouting of new pteris fern spore and the growth of seedling.The present invention
Middle selection Denmark Pin Shi sowing peat is as matrix, and the fibre length of peat is 5~10mm, and the thickness of laying is 10cm, sowing
It sprinkles profoundly water within first 1 hour, has been effectively promoted the sprouting of new pteris fern spore and the growth of seedling.Spore selects the plant leaves back side
Brown maturation spore, under soft bristle tooth brush brush when use, in the cultivating process of new pteris fern, keep water content of substrate 80~
85%.Since spore is smaller, spore can flow away with water when surface is watered, and therefore, the present invention is by way of substrate base water suction
To increase water content of substrate.
Inventor has found that the height for planting dense degree influences whether new pteris fern seedling in the long-term practice of new pteris fern nursery
Quality, the described dense degree of plantation refers in particular to the new pteris fern spore weight in unit area matrix.In order to filter out suitable bird
Nest fern plants dense degree, and inventor has done following screening experiment 1.
1 kind of screening experiment plants influence of the dense degree to new pteris fern nursery
A, it sows：The brown maturation spore at the same plant leaves back side is clean small under soft bristle tooth brush brush, being contained in
In beaker, use 0.1g/ parts of electronic balance accurate weighing spare after mixing；0.1g/ parts of new pteris fern spore is pressed such as respectively
After mode (A1~A3) processing shown in lower, it is uniformly sprayed on stromal surface with small watering can after placing 24 hours, matrix selects fiber
The Denmark Pin Shi that length is 10mm sows peat, and the thickness of laying is 10cm, and sowing sprinkles profoundly water for first 1 hour.
A1：0.1g new pteris ferns spore is uniformly mixed with 50g pure water, and 0.2m is uniformly sprayed on using small watering can2Above-mentioned base
Matter surface；
A2：0.1g new pteris ferns spore is uniformly mixed with 100g pure water, and 0.4m is uniformly sprayed on using small watering can2Above-mentioned base
Matter surface；
A3：0.1g new pteris ferns spore is uniformly mixed with 200g pure water, and 0.6m is uniformly sprayed on using small watering can2Above-mentioned base
Matter surface.
B, nursery：Highly it is after planting arched shed ceiling 2 layers of non-woven fabrics of capping of 50cm on matrix, is capped outside non-woven fabrics
The sunshade net that 1 layer of shading rate is 85%, sporinite keep 500~1000Lux of intensity of illumination, spore before forming a sheetmolding spire
Body forms a piece of formed blades and maintains 2000~3000Lux or less to before transplanting；Keep 18~22 DEG C of temperature, air humidity 80
~85%, water content of substrate 70~80%.
It tests process record original foliage, juvenile sporophyte, the first blade, the second blade and forms the time, when measuring the 50th day
Maximum leaf is long, maximum width of blade, counts the seedling quantity of each test group, the experimental data are shown in the following table shown in 1.
1 kind of table plants influence of the dense degree to new pteris fern nursery
Screening experiment 1 obtains：During new pteris fern nursery, the dense degree of plantation of spore can influence new pteris fern nursery at
Seedling number and seedling quality, most preferably planting dense degree is：It is 0.4m that every 0.1 gram of spore, which is sprayed at surface area,2Matrix on.
Another main problem of new pteris fern sporogenesis is that spore is not easy to sprout, and in order to break spore suspend mode, promotes bird
The sprouting of nest fern spore, inventor pre-process spore using at least one of gibberellic acid or the basic element of cell division.It is red mould
Acid can promote crop growth, can break the suspend mode of the organs such as seed, stem tuber and bulb, stratification rapidly；Cell division
Element can promote cell division, the formation of induced bud and promote shoot growth, and it is preferable to use 6- benzylaminopurines works in the present invention
For the basic element of cell division, it is the artificial synthesized the most widely used basic element of cell division, can effectively activate spore cell, promote
It forms sporinite.
The present invention has done following experiment and has been screened to the sprouting accelerating agent of bird nest fern spore germination, show that addition is red mould
After acid or the basic element of cell division any one medicament pre-process spore, seedling quality and planting percent are than being added without medicament
The group of processing is more preferable, illustrates that gibberellic acid or the basic element of cell division are most important to new pteris fern seedling from spore, especially when gibberellic acid and
When the basic element of cell division exists simultaneously, the sprouting and new pteris fern nursery to new pteris fern spore are most advantageous.It is red used in this screening experiment
Mould acid is the 75wt% gibberellic acid crystal powders of Sichuan Lanyue Science ＆ Technology Co., Ltd.'s production, and the basic element of cell division is Sichuan state light agrochemical
The 2wt%6- benzylaminopurine liquid of limited liability company's production, nonionic surfactant are Hangzhou silicon way new material science and technology
The bleeding agent of the trade name " wet prestige " of Co., Ltd's production.
Specific screening experiment 2 is as follows：
Screening experiment 2 sprouts influence of the accelerating agent to new pteris fern nursery
A, it sows：The brown maturation spore at the same plant leaves back side is clean small under soft bristle tooth brush brush, being contained in
In beaker, use 0.1g/ parts of electronic balance accurate weighing spare after mixing；0.1g/ parts of new pteris fern spore is pressed respectively
After mode shown in table 2 is handled, 0.4m is uniformly sprayed on small watering can respectively after placing 24 hours2Stromal surface, matrix are selected fine
It ties up the Denmark Pin Shi that length is 5mm and sows peat, the thickness of laying is 10cm, and sowing sprinkles profoundly water for first 1 hour.
The different sprouting accelerating agent of table 2 handles new pteris fern spore
B, nursery：Highly it is after planting arched shed ceiling 2 layers of non-woven fabrics of capping of 50cm on matrix, is capped outside non-woven fabrics
The sunshade net that 1 layer of shading rate is 85%, sporinite keep 500~1000Lux of intensity of illumination, spore before forming a sheetmolding spire
Body forms a piece of formed blades and maintains 2000~3000Lux to before transplanting；18~22 DEG C of temperature of holding, air humidity 80~
85%, water content of substrate 70~80%.
It tests process record original foliage, juvenile sporophyte, the first blade, the second blade and forms the time, when measuring the 50th day
Maximum leaf is long, maximum width of blade, counts the seedling quantity of each test group, the experimental data are shown in the following table shown in 3.
The different influences for sprouting accelerating agent to new pteris fern nursery of table 3
It is obtained by screening experiment 2：New pteris fern spore is carried out using accelerating agent gibberellic acid and 6- benzylaminopurines is sprouted
After pretreatment, maximum leaf when new pteris fern nursery 50 days is long, maximum width of blade and number of seedling are superior to without using sprouting accelerating agent
The group of processing is preferred when especially being existed simultaneously with gibberellic acid and 6- benzylaminopurines.
After spore germination, the growth of seedling needs space, and being cultivated in the hole tray of vernalization can make growth of seedling slow always.
Therefore, generally can all be transplanted in production, to pull open the growth distance of seedling to each other, to seedling bigger growing space and
More sufficient liquid manure environment, makes it preferably grow and be out of the garden.However, the quality of transplanting survival rate and transplanted seedling becomes always limit
An important factor for new pteris fern scale breeding industry development processed.In long-term production practices, the investigation of inventor's creativeness
Influence of the time of seedling replanting to seedling quality finds that the transplanting time of seedling is rather important to new pteris fern nursery, specifically such as
Shown in screening experiment 3.
Influence of 3 transplanting time of screening experiment to new pteris fern nursery
The identical sporinite of experimental selection growth potential, respectively sporinite (C1), sporinite formed 1 sheetmolding leaf (C2),
Sporinite forms 2 sheetmolding leaves (C3), and sporinite formation 4 periods of 3 sheetmolding leaves (C4) transplant into hole tray, hole tray mesostroma
The Denmark Pin Shi that fibre length is 8mm is selected to sow peat, the thickness of laying is 10cm；Each 1 plant of cavities, every group of experiment 100
Strain.The rearing condition of transplanted seedling is the same as shown in b step in screening experiment 1.4 groups of experiment seedlings are recorded using phyllome as initial time to reach
Time to new pteris fern Plug seedling seedling standard (new pteris fern seedling reaches leaf mosaic in hole tray, it is difficult to continued growth) such as table 4,
The advantage and disadvantage for analyzing each stage transplanting, foundation is provided for large-scale production.
Influence of 4 transplanting time of table to new pteris fern nursery
| Test group | The seedling time (d) | Planting percent (%) |
| C1 | 83 | 47 |
| C2 | 79 | 68 |
| C3 | 75 | 83 |
| C4 | 70 | 98 |
Screening experiment 3 obtains：When sporinite forms 1~3 sheetmolding leaf, can it be transplanted, preferred transplanting time
For when sporinite forms 3 sheetmolding leaf, sporinite root system development is perfect at this time, well-grown is conducive to recovery and life after transplanting
It is long.
Technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment carries out nursery using technical solution of the present invention to new pteris fern spore
Nursery is carried out to new pteris fern spore in the steps below.
A, the pretreatment of new pteris fern spore and sowing
By the brown maturation spore at the same plant leaves back side under soft bristle tooth brush brush, being contained in clean small beaker,
Use 0.1g/ parts of electronic balance accurate weighing spare after mixing；0.1g/ parts of new pteris fern spore and 0.03ml are permeated,
100mg gibberellic acid crystal powder (75wt%), 5mg 6- benzylaminopurines liquid (2wt%) are added in 100g pure water and mix together
It closes, 0.4m is uniformly sprayed on small watering can after placing 24 hours2Stromal surface, it is Denmark's product of 10mm that matrix, which selects fibre length,
Family name sows peat, and the thickness of laying is 10cm, and sowing sprinkles profoundly water for first 1 hour.
B, new pteris fern seedling culture
After the sprouting of step a miospores, first stage cultivation is carried out in hole tray, keeps 18~22 DEG C of temperature, air is wet
Degree 80~85%, 500~1000Lux of intensity of illumination, soil humidity 70~80% cultivate 30 days time, wait for that sporinite forms 2
It is transplanted when being molded leaf；New pteris fern progress second stage cultivation to transplanting, 18~22 DEG C of temperature of holding, air humidity 80~
85%, 2000~3000Lux of intensity of illumination, soil humidity 70~80%, when new pteris fern seedling reaches leaf mosaic in hole tray
It is out of the garden, cultivates 50 days time.
Embodiment result is as shown in table 5 below：
5 technical solution of the present invention of table cultivates new pteris fern seedling quality table
By embodiment the method to new pteris fern nursery after, transplanting survival rate reaches 85.6%, and seedling outplanting rate is 82%,
Maximum leaf length and maximum width of blade respectively reach 1.85cm and 0.7cm when seedling is out of the garden, and seedling leaf color is delicate and pretty, and root system is full, growing way
It is vigorous.Technical solution of the present invention improves the Quality of Seedlings of new pteris fern, has pushed the hair of new pteris fern scale breeding technology
Exhibition.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method for culturing seedlings of new pteris fern, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
A, the pretreatment of new pteris fern spore and sowing
Ripe new pteris fern spore is chosen, after being mixed with water, sprouting accelerating agent, is sprayed on stromal surface；It is added in the water non-
Ionic surface active agent；The sprinkling refers to：It is 0.2~0.6m to be sprayed at surface area after every 0.1 gram of spore mixing2Matrix
On；
The sprouting accelerating agent is at least one of gibberellic acid or the basic element of cell division；The gibberellic acid is the red mould of 75wt%
Acid crystal powder；The basic element of cell division is the 6- benzylaminopurine liquid of 2wt%；The gibberellic acid is 75wt% gibberellic acid knots
When crystalline flour, the weight ratio of spore and 75wt% gibberellic acid crystal powders is 100 ︰ 50~100, and the basic element of cell division is 2wt%6-
When benzylaminopurine liquid, the weight ratio of spore and 2wt%6- benzylaminopurine liquid is 100 ︰ 5~7.5；
B, new pteris fern seedling culture
After the sprouting of step a miospores, first stage cultivation is carried out, cultivates 20~30 days time, waits for that sporinite forms 1~3
It is transplanted when being molded leaf；Second stage cultivation is carried out to the new pteris fern of transplanting, 45~55 days time is cultivated, waits for that seedling reaches leaf
It is out of the garden when inlaying.
2. the method for culturing seedlings of new pteris fern according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is added in water described in step a
Nonionic surfactant is bleeding agent, and bleeding agent 1ml is added in every 2000~5000ml water.
3. the method for culturing seedlings of new pteris fern according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is sprayed described in step a and refers to：Often
It is 0.4m to be sprayed at surface area after 0.1 gram of spore mixing2Matrix on.
4. according to the method for culturing seedlings of claims 1 to 3 any one of them new pteris fern, it is characterised in that：The step b miospore bodily forms
It is transplanted when at 3 sheetmolding leaf.
5. the method for culturing seedlings of new pteris fern according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：First stage training described in step b
Educate for：Keep 18~22 DEG C of temperature, air humidity 80~85%, 500~1000Lux of intensity of illumination, soil humidity 70~80%；
The second stage is cultivated：18~22 DEG C of temperature of holding, air humidity 80~85%, 2000~3000Lux of intensity of illumination,
Soil humidity 70~80%.
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| CN106613833A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-10 | 安徽禾泉农庄生态农业有限公司 | Fiddlehead spore seedling culture method |
| CN109006328A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2018-12-18 | 北京昌回林海生态科技有限公司 | A kind of sporogenesis method of new pteris fern seedling |
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| CN104904455A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-09-16 | 河口方舟食品有限公司 | Pteridiumaquilinum spore cultivating method |
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