CN115039655A - Standardized potted flower cultivation method for foliage begonia - Google Patents
Standardized potted flower cultivation method for foliage begonia Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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Abstract
Provides a standardized potted flower cultivation method of foliage begonia, belonging to the field of biotechnology. The invention adopts a nutrient medium of commodity fiber, coconut chaff, humus soil, perlite and a compound NPK fertilizer = 5: 1: 0.02, strong and new plants are obtained by cutting propagation of foliage begonia stems and leaves, potted plants are planted and placed in a sunlight greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse, the plants are cultivated under the environmental conditions of 15-30 ℃, relative air humidity of 65-85%, illumination intensity of 15000 and 25000Lx, timely pinching, trimming and shaping are carried out, topdressing is carried out on roots and leaves, 3 plants in half and a month in the potted plants grow vigorously, the height of a standard potted plant is 30-50cm, the width of the crown reaches 40-80cm, and the plants are viewed from the lotus. The cultivation facilities are low in investment, potted flowers are standard, and the cultivation period is short.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to a standardized potted flower cultivation method of flowering begonia, and a cultivation and conservation and cutting propagation technology of begonia plants.
Background art:
there are about 1800 species of Malus (Begonia L.) plants worldwide, and there are wide tropical and subtropical regions with temperate zones. China is one of the countries with abundant natural distribution of Begonia plant species, and 243 species are known and published, wherein 216 species are the specific distribution species of China, and account for about 89% of the distribution species of China. Southwest juncture of China at Yunnan, plant species are extremely rich, and Begonia plants are particularly prominent, and 122 species known and published account for about 50.2% of natural distribution species of China, and 89 species are specific distribution species of Yunnan.
The begonia plants have gorgeous flowers and various leaf shapes, almost contain all the leaf shapes in the plant kingdom, have rich and various leaf stripes and gorgeous colors, have high ornamental value and are extremely excellent herbal ornamental flowers. As an indoor foliage plant, a flowering plant pot flower of the genus Begonia has recently been favored and has been evaluated more and more, and is known as 'King of pot flower' in Japan. No matter in a plant garden, a park, a public green land or a private garden, as long as the greenhouse is built with conditions and the begonia plants are collected and displayed, only Japan can have 22 plant parks which can visit and display the begonia. Practitioners and fans bred in a pilgrim by taking the begonia association in japan as a center, about 2224 varieties in the world of the b.rex series variety mainly comprising ornamental leaves, 198 varieties grown in japan, and 315 varieties introduced and cultivated.
Many countries have paid much attention to the research on the begonia, more than 500 begonia plants are introduced and cultivated in the grassland garden in the united kingdom, and more wild species are collected and stored in the netherlands, the usa, japan, australia and the like. In the aspect of crossbreeding, since the discovery of borlivia begonia (b.boliviansis a.dc.) in 1857 years, foreign scholars centered on this, conducted comprehensive and complex crossbreeding studies using 7 wild species such as the original malus micromalus (b.pearcei j.d.hooker) of south america andes, and cultivated numerous and colorful world famous flowers, namely, begonia bulb series varieties, in about 150 years. At present, according to the record of bred varieties issued in 2001 of the begonia association in japan, 17000 more begonia horticultural varieties have been bred so far in the world, and many varieties have been commercially produced and have obtained high economic benefits, in the world, begonia corms, begonia-season and begonia-winter series varieties mainly used for ornamental flowers, and b.rex series varieties mainly used for ornamental leaves, and the like.
In the new varieties published in recent years in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou and the like of China, the shapes, the stripes and the colorful novel and peculiar varieties of leaves are not rare, unknown and beyond imagination forms can be presented or published, and endless charm and expectation are added for the cultivation of new varieties of begonia. In China, the breeding of the begonia plants starts relatively late, and begonia was introduced and cultivated in the early 70 s of the 20 th century by Kunming plant research institute of Chinese academy of sciences, but the quantity of the collected and stored begonia is small. Until the beginning of 90 years, a beginner Kunming botanical garden established Begonia research subject group, the beginner Begonia plants are widely introduced and cultivated, 12 application basic research projects related to Begonia are undertaken and completed, better results are obtained, and a cultivation and conservation greenhouse of 2000m is established at present 2 Introducing and maintaining 420 kinds of seeds (or variety), and culturing 15000 pots.
Meanwhile, new varieties of begonia plants mainly based on sexual hybridization have been developed since 1996. The first stage of breeding a variety with the combination of natural variation selection and sexual hybridization and focusing on foliage was registered in 2001 by a new variety of cultivated plants in Yunnan province. The second stage sexual cross bred variety was registered in 2003. And in the third stage, the fragrant flower variety with combined leaf and flower observation is registered by identification in 2005. In the fourth stage, new varieties combining with ornamental properties such as leaf stripe colors and seta are approved and registered in 2011. In the fifth stage, the leaves and flowers are combined, and new varieties which bloom in winter and spring are examined, registered in 2017. The new variety cultivation in the sixth stage combines leaf shape, stripe color and other ornamental values, leaf observation and flower observation, and focuses on cultivation adaptability of slightly low temperature and humidity and slightly strong light and cultivation of resistance to powdery mildew.
Among 31 cultivars with proprietary intellectual property rights registered so far, 20 varieties of 'Bird' begonia (b. 'Plant Bird'), 'medium and large' begonia (b. 'Zhongda') and 'large and white' begonia (b. 'Dabai') were transferred to Beijing fangyuan garden, Zhejiang jiaxing garden gardening garden limited company and Jiangsu green ecological science and technology limited company in 2003 for exemplary cultivation production in succession with green geodetic Biotechnology of Yunnan province, and 'white cloud' begonia (b. 'Baiyunxiu'). In both southern and northern areas, along the inland coast, the breeding of the cultivated species with stress resistance to humiture, illumination, plant diseases and insect pests and the like is still required to be properly enhanced under the condition of facility cultivation, the adaptability of the cultivated species is enhanced, the application range is widened, and the investment of cultivation and production facility equipment is properly reduced or lowered. The cultivation production is planned to adjust and control cultivation environment conditions and cultivation management measures no matter the original species, the new species of independent intellectual property rights or the exotic gardening species, and the main ornamental characters and values of various types or species of the Malus plants are reflected to the maximum extent. The domestic wild germplasm resources and the new variety of the independent intellectual property rights thereof mainly view the unique leaf shape, color, stripe and fur, and the foreign gardening varieties introduced and cultivated in China are more than the viewing leaf type varieties, and the cultivation and application are wide. The technical method for obtaining the standardized potted flower cultivation of the leaf-looking begonia is sought by reducing or lowering the investment of cultivation production facilities and equipment, reasonably adjusting and controlling the temperature, the humidity and the illumination environment, combining cultivation nutrient medium, nutrient and water management measures and the like.
At present, a matched mature standardized potted flower cultivation technical method of the spectacular begonia and a cultivation and conservation technical report of begonia plants are not found in the prior art.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a set of standardized potted flower cultivation method of spectacular leaf begonia, namely a cultivation and conservation and cutting propagation technology of begonia plants. The method uses stem and leaf cutting propagation to obtain robust new plants, the potted plants with 3 half-month growth flourishing, the standard pot flower height of 30-50cm, the crown width of 40-80cm, and the plants can be viewed by sight.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a standardized potted flower cultivation method for foliage type begonia adopts a matched nutrient medium of commercial fiber, coconut chaff, humus, perlite and a compound NPK fertilizer which are 5: 1: 0.02, stems and leaves of the foliage type begonia are subjected to cuttage propagation to obtain a robust new plant, and the robust new plant is planted in a pot and placed in a sunlight plate greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse. Cultivating under the environmental conditions of 15-30 ℃, relative air humidity of 65-85 percent and illumination intensity of 15000-. The plants grown in the potted plant for 3 months grow vigorously, the height of the standard pot flower is 30-50cm, the crown width reaches 40-80cm, and the plants can be viewed by the appearance of the lotus.
The standardized potted flower cultivation method for foliage begonia, wherein the compound nutrient medium is prepared by comparing 10 compound medium in a comparison test, screening by taking plant stem and leaf growth amount as an observation index, and the cultivation test result for many years proves that the compound nutrient medium is the best medium for cultivating standardized potted flowers of foliage begonia plants.
The standardized potted flower cultivation method of the foliage begonia, wherein the cultivation is carried out under the environmental conditions of 15-30 ℃ of temperature, 65-85% of relative air humidity and 15000-25000Lx illumination intensity, a sunlight plate greenhouse or a middle space plastic film-separated greenhouse simple cultivation room is adopted, a movable aluminum alloy table bed or a ground bed covered with a grass-proof film is arranged in the cultivation room to place cultivation potted flowers, the heat is taken away by roof flowing water, high-pressure spraying humidification, internal and external sunshade combination and other comprehensive technical measures are adopted to adjust and control the indoor environment of the cultivation, the temperature is controlled to be 15-30 ℃, the relative air humidity is 65-85% and the illumination intensity is 15000-25000Lx illumination intensity.
The standardized potted flower cultivation method of foliage begonia, wherein timely pinching, pruning and shaping are combined, and rhizosphere and foliar topdressing are combined, and a new plant is planted and potted by cutting propagation with developed root system, 2-3 flat leaves and 8-12cm plant height. And removing terminal buds when the seedlings gradually recover to grow to 4-5 flat leaves, so that more side stems in an ideal range grow. In the pot flower cultivation growth period, mature leaves are removed in time and trimmed and shaped, a solid compound fertilizer N: P: K (18: 6: 24) is applied to the rhizosphere once every two weeks, each time the solid compound fertilizer is applied to the rhizosphere, the solid compound fertilizer is applied to the rhizosphere once, the concentration of the solid compound fertilizer N: P: K is 1 g/plant, or a liquid compound fertilizer with the concentration of 1/1000 is applied to the leaf surface once, the solid compound fertilizer N: P: K is 23: 10: 25, and the rhizosphere and the leaf surface are applied alternately to supplement nutrients. The plants grown in the potted plant for 3 months grow vigorously, the height of the standard pot flower is 30-50cm, the crown width reaches 40-80cm, and the plants can be viewed by the appearance of the lotus.
A standard potted flower cultivation method of Begonia aquifolium (Begonia rex), the method comprising the steps of:
taking the malus spectabilis, cultivating potted flowers in three layers of hollow plastic films at intervals to cover, taking away heat by roof flowing water, matching with a water curtain fan to cool and humidify, starting electric heating and heating at proper time, spraying and humidifying at high pressure, moving cold yarns inside and outside to shade, and performing in a plastic film greenhouse with temperature, humidity and illumination regulation and control capabilities, wherein the cultivation environment is controlled at 15-30 ℃, the relative air humidity is 65-85%, and the illumination intensity is 15000-;
planting and potting: the method is characterized in that a mixed nutrient medium of commercial fiber, coconut coir, humus, perlite and a compound NPK fertilizer in a ratio of 5: 1: 0.02 is adopted, the root system obtained by cutting propagation is developed, 2-3 new Chinese flowering crabapple plants with flat leaves and 10-12cm of plant height are planted, and a plastic pot with the caliber of 12cm is fixedly planted in the center of 1 plant in each pot. When the seedlings after field planting gradually recover to grow to 4-5 flat leaves, the top buds are picked off timely to form more side stems in an ideal range to grow for inducing more side buds to generate and grow and controlling the advantage of the top growth of the seedlings in time, and a foundation is laid for standard potted flowers with luxuriant stems and leaves and full stems; after the field planting growth is carried out for 30-40 days, selecting a ceramic basin or an imitation ceramic basin with the caliber of 22-25cm or an aesthetic simple and elegant ornamental basin made of plant materials, taking the growing plants out of the basin, and fixedly planting 3 plants in each basin in a triangular arrangement manner;
supplying water and nutrients: the irrigation of the plant cultivation medium is based on the principle that the plants are dry and wet, the water is thoroughly irrigated when the plants are dry, when the root system can absorb water smoothly in the medium and the safe medium water is kept, dripping irrigation is not carried out, when the plants grow gradually and the number of the leaves is large and large, the irrigation medium is fully irrigated from the base parts of the stems and the leaves of the plants, irrigation from the front of the leaves is forbidden, damage to the leaves and the petioles and damage to the plant shape of potted flowers are avoided, the cultivation medium cannot be fully irrigated, and the irrigation purpose cannot be achieved;
during the pot flower cultivation growth period, the supplement supply of nutrient element fertilizers grasps the principle of thin fertilizer application, the alternate supplement supply of nutrients is carried out on rhizosphere and leaf surface dressing in a solid and liquid form, the solid compound fertilizer N: P: K is 18: 6: 24 after the rhizosphere is applied once every two weeks, 1 g/plant is applied once every time, or the liquid compound fertilizer N: P: K with the concentration of 1/1000 is 23: 10: 25 after the leaf surface spraying, the solid compound fertilizer is preferentially applied on the rhizosphere in the first two weeks, the liquid compound fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surface in the last two weeks, the nutrients are alternately supplemented on the rhizosphere and the leaf surface and the solid and liquid states, so that the cultivated plants can reasonably and fully absorb and utilize the nutrient element supply, and the growth and development are robust; in the pot flower cultivation and growth process, mature leaves are removed in time for trimming and shaping, so that the respiration consumption is reduced, the vigorous growth of plants is promoted, and the plant shape of pot flowers is adjusted and optimized; according to the key links of the cultivation environment regulation and control, the potted plant planting and the water and nutrient supply, trimming, shaping, cultivating and managing are carried out in time, the potted plant planting is vigorous for 3 months, the standard potted plant is 35-50cm high, the crown width reaches 45-80cm, and the potted plant can be viewed and appreciated in load.
A standard potted flower cultivation method of 'hailun' Begonia (Begonia rex cv. 'Helen Lewis'), the method comprising the steps of:
and (3) standard potted flower cultivation environment regulation: 'Helen' begonia needs to be cultivated under the environment conditions of warm and moist and slight shading, potted flower cultivation is covered by three layers of hollow plastic films at intervals, roof flowing water takes away heat and cooperates with a water curtain fan to cool and humidify, electric heating and heating are started at proper time, high-pressure spraying humidification is carried out, cold yarns move inside and outside to shade sun, the cultivation is carried out in a plastic film greenhouse with the capabilities of temperature, humidity and illumination regulation, the temperature of the cultivation environment is controlled to be 15-30 ℃, the relative air humidity is 65-85%, and the illumination intensity is 15000-;
a key link of planting and potting: the method is characterized in that a nutrition medium matched with commercial fibers, coconut coir, humus, perlite and a compound NPK fertilizer in a ratio of 5: 1: 0.02 is adopted, the root system obtained by cutting propagation is developed, 2-3 new Helianthus begonias plants with flat leaves and 8-10cm height are planted, and a plastic pot with the caliber of 8-10cm is fixedly planted in the center of 1 plant per pot. When the seedlings after field planting gradually recover to grow to 4-5 flat leaves, the top buds are picked off timely to form more side stems in an ideal range to grow for inducing more side buds to generate and grow and controlling the advantage of the top growth of the seedlings in time, and a foundation is laid for standard potted flowers with luxuriant stems and leaves and full stems; after the plants are planted and grown for 40 days, the leaves of the plants grow rapidly, the capacity and the growing space of the matrix of the original plastic pot are insufficient, ceramic and ceramic-like pots or plant-based beautiful and elegant ornamental pots with the caliber of 18-22cm are selected by combining the ornamental use and commodity demand of potted flowers, the grown plants are taken off from the pots, and 3 plants in each pot are arranged in a triangular shape and are planted into the ornamental pots;
the water and nutrient supply is as follows: the irrigation of the plant culture substrate is based on the principle that dry plants and wet plants are seen, the plants are watered thoroughly when the plants are dry, when roots can absorb water smoothly in the substrate and the safe substrate moisture is kept, the plants are not watered dribbly, so that the surface of the potted substrate is often overhumidity, moss plants are promoted to grow vigorously, the air permeability of the culture substrate is poor, the moss plants are hardened and accumulated, the water, gas and heat balance of the culture substrate is damaged, the normal water absorption of the roots is blocked, pathogenic bacteria are rampant, pathological diseases and physiological diseases are caused, and the growth of the plants is blocked; when plants grow gradually, and the number of the leaves is large and large, the irrigation substrate is fully irrigated from the base parts of the stems and the leaves of the plants, so that irrigation from the front sides of the leaves is avoided, the leaves and the petioles are prevented from being damaged, the plant shape of potted flowers is prevented from being damaged, the cultivation substrate cannot be fully irrigated thoroughly, and the purpose of irrigation cannot be achieved;
during the pot flower cultivation growth period, the supplement supply of nutrient element fertilizers is controlled according to the principle of thin fertilizer application, the alternate supplement supply of nutrients is carried out on rhizosphere and leaf surface topdressing in a solid and liquid form, the N: P: K ratio of the solid compound fertilizer is 18: 6: 24 once every two weeks, and each time is 1 g/plant, or the N: P: K ratio of the leaf surface spraying concentration 1/1000 is 23: 10: 25 liquid compound fertilizer. The first two weeks are preferentially applied with the solid compound fertilizer at the rhizosphere, the second two weeks are applied with the liquid compound fertilizer at the leaf surface, the nutrient is supplied to the rhizosphere and the leaf surface alternately in a solid state and a liquid state, so that the cultivated plants can reasonably and fully absorb and utilize the supplied nutrient elements, and the plants can grow and develop robustly; in the pot flower cultivation and growth process, mature leaves are removed in time for trimming and shaping, so that the respiration consumption is reduced, the vigorous growth of plants is promoted, and the plant shape of pot flowers is adjusted and optimized;
according to the key links of the cultivation environment regulation and control, the potted plant planting and the water and nutrient supply, trimming, shaping, cultivating and managing are carried out in time, the potted plant planting is vigorous for 3 months, the standard potted plant is 30-45cm high, the crown width reaches 40-60cm, and the potted plant can be viewed by load.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention is based on the effective preservation of 420 (or variety) begonia germplasm resources, the breeding, registration and registration of 31 new varieties of independent intellectual property rights, and the basic cutting propagation and potted flower cultivation of begonia plants. According to the biological characteristics and ecological cultivation adaptability characteristics of the foliage-subjective flower combined species, aiming at the foliage type Malus plant species or species, adopting a matched nutrient medium of commodity fiber, coco coir, humus soil, perlite and a compound NPK fertilizer of 5: 1: 0.02, carrying out cuttage propagation on stems and leaves to obtain a robust new plant, planting a pot plant and placing the pot plant in a sunlight plate greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse. Cultivating under the environmental conditions of 15-30 ℃, relative air humidity of 65-85%, illumination intensity of 15000-. Timely pinching, trimming and shaping, and top dressing of rhizosphere and leaf surface. The 3 plants in the potted plant for the half month of permanent planting are flourishing in growth, the height of the standard potted plant is 30-50cm, the crown width reaches 40-80cm, the lotus can be viewed, and the feasible standardized potted plant cultivation technical method for viewing the leaf type begonia is obtained.
The invention takes a sunlight plate greenhouse or a middle space plastic film-separated greenhouse as a simple cultivation facility, and adopts comprehensive technical measures of electric heating, multi-layer hollow film-separated heating, water curtain fan convection, roof running water cooling, high-pressure spray humidification, cold yarn movement shading and illumination adjustment and the like. The test result is controlled to be clear by adjusting the temperature, the humidity and the illumination conditions of the cultivation environment: the cultivation of potted begonia leaves is carried out by adopting a sunlight plate greenhouse or a hollow plastic film-separated greenhouse as a simple facility no matter inland coastal region, and the indoor environment can be regulated and controlled at the temperature of 15-30 ℃, the relative air humidity of 65-85 percent and the illumination intensity of 15000-.
The standardized potted flowering method for the foliage begonia can ensure that 3 plants planted in a pot plant grow vigorously in half a month, the standard potted flowering plants are 30-50cm high, the crown width reaches 40-80cm, and the foliage begonia can be viewed and admired. And the cultivation facilities are low in investment, potted flowers are standard, and the cultivation period is short.
The applicant introduced begonia in the early 70 s of the 20 th century and carried out special collection and conservation of germplasm resources of begonia plants in the early 90 s. At present, more than 420 species (or varieties) of the begonia plants are successfully cultivated and protected, wherein 180 domestic stock seeds mainly comprising Yunnan wild species and 240 foreign stock seeds or horticultural varieties are the begonia plant germplasm resource collection and protection base integrating the largest domestic collection foundation and application foundation research. After the cultivation of new varieties such as sexual hybridization, space breeding and the like for more than 20 years, 31 new varieties have been registered, and the new varieties of begonia with independent intellectual property rights in China are recorded in the global breeding process of begonia plants, so that 12 technical patents of the invention of the national intellectual property rights are issued. On the basis of successful introduction and domestication, solving the key technology of cultivation and propagation, and integrating the cultivation, registration and patent authorization of new varieties with independent intellectual property rights, the large-scale cutting propagation of the bred varieties and the research on the standard potted flower cultivation technology of the foliage begonia are developed. And the method is actively cooperated with flower production entity enterprises, further implements the standard potted flower cultivation and production demonstration of the leaf-looking begonia, and lays a good foundation for promoting the industrialization of begonia plants and new varieties thereof and the continuous and reasonable utilization of resources.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 and 2 show the cultivation demonstration of a hollow plastic film greenhouse with intervals: a layer of plastic film is covered outside the arched aluminum alloy roof, a PC steel rope is arranged at a position 1m away from the arched ridge to build a movable herringbone roof to cover a second layer of plastic film, a plane support is built by aluminum alloy pipes from the bottom 1m away from the herringbone eave to cover a third layer of movable plastic film. Aims at keeping warm in winter and insulating heat in summer and regulating the temperature in the shed. The roof flowing water is matched with a water curtain fan to cool and humidify, and the cold yarns move inside and outside to shade and adjust illumination;
fig. 3 shows a summer and autumn cultivation demonstration of a simple plastic film greenhouse covered by a layer of plastic film and shaded from the outside of cold gauze. The main cultivars are Begonia aquifolium (Begonia rex), Begonia deltoides (B.rex cv. ' Helen Lewis '), white spot duck feet (B.formosana f. albomaculata), Begonia trytis tropica (B.tropica Girl '), and the like;
FIG. 4 shows a mixed nutrient medium of commercial fiber, coconut chaff, humus soil, perlite and a composite NPK fertilizer in a ratio of 5: 1: 0.02;
fig. 5 shows strong new plants produced by cutting in fixed planting pot culture of begonia cavalia (b.rex);
fig. 6, 7 and 8 are standard potted flowers of begonia aquifolium (b.rex);
fig. 9 shows healthy new plants grown by cutting and adopted by planting and potting of begonia 'hailun' (b.rex cv. 'hell Lewis');
fig. 10, 11, 12 are all standard potted flowers cultivated in "Helen" begonia (b.rex cv. 'Helen Lewis').
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following description will further explain the substance of the present invention by using the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1:
standard pot flower cultivation of Begonia aquifolium (Begonia rex):
seed source and ornamental characters thereof:
the begonia purpurea (b.rex), an indian distributed source of begonia purpurea (b.rex), was introduced from central plant of fushan japan in 1998 and cultivated. The leaves of the Indian begonia leaf (B.rex) are brownish green, silver green ring stripes are embedded in the center, the leaves are large, the length of the leaves is 25-35cm, the width of the leaves is 12-20cm, and the leaves are suitable for being cultivated and viewed as pot flowers in large halls.
And (3) standard potted flower cultivation environment regulation:
the begonia aquilegifolium (B.rex) is distributed in tropical and subtropical India, grows in closed evergreen broadleaf forests and favors warm, moist and slightly shaded cultivation environments. Potted flower cultivation moulds the membrane at three-layer cavity interval and covers, and the heat cooperation cascade fan cooling humidification is taken away to roofing flowing water, launches the electric heating in good time and heats, and high pressure spraying humidification, the shading is moved to cold yarn inside and outside, carries out in the plastic film big-arch shelter that possesses temperature, humidity and illumination regulation and control ability. The cultivation environment is controlled at 15-30 ℃, the relative air humidity is 65-85%, and the illumination intensity is 15000-.
A key link of planting and potting:
the method is characterized in that a mixed nutrient medium of commercial fiber, coconut coir, humus, perlite and a compound NPK fertilizer is adopted, wherein the mixed nutrient medium is 5: 1: 0.02, the root system obtained by cutting propagation is developed, 2-3 new Chinese flowering crabapple (B.rex) plants with flat leaves and 10-12cm of plant height are planted in plastic pots with the caliber of 12cm in the center of 1 plant per pot. When the seedlings after field planting gradually recover to grow to 4-5 flat leaves, the method is used for inducing more lateral buds to generate and grow, controlling the advantage of the top growth of the seedlings in time, timely removing the top buds to enable the seedlings to form more lateral stems in an ideal range to grow, and laying a foundation for standard potted flowers with luxuriant stems and leaves and full stems. After the plants are planted and grown for 30-40 days, the leaves of the plants grow rapidly, the capacity and the growing space of the original plastic pot substrate are insufficient, ceramic, imitation ceramic pots or plant material beautiful and simple ornamental pots with the caliber of 22-25cm are selected by combining the ornamental use and commodity demand of potted flowers, the grown plants are taken off from the pots, and 3 plants in each pot are arranged in a triangular shape and are planted into the ornamental pots.
The water and nutrient supply is as follows:
the irrigation of the plant culture medium is based on the principle that the plant culture medium is dry and wet, the plant culture medium is planned to be watered thoroughly when being dry, and the plant culture medium is not watered dribbly when the root system can absorb water smoothly in the medium and maintain the water content of the safe medium. The method avoids the problems that the surface of the potting matrix is often too wet, the moss plants are promoted to grow vigorously, the culture matrix is poor in air permeability, hardened, accumulated with water and the like, and the water, air and heat balance of the culture matrix is damaged. Not only hinders the normal water absorption of the root system, but also causes pathogenic bacteria to rampant, leads to pathological diseases and physiological diseases, and hinders the growth of plants. When the plant grows gradually, the number of the leaves is large and the number of the leaves is large, the irrigation matrix is fully irrigated from the base parts of the stems and the leaves of the plant, irrigation from the front side of the leaves is avoided, damage to the leaves and the petioles and damage to the plant shape of potted flowers are avoided, the cultivation matrix cannot be fully irrigated thoroughly, and the irrigation purpose cannot be achieved.
During the pot flower cultivation growth period, the supplement and supply of nutrient element fertilizers master the principle of thin fertilizer application, and the alternate supplement and supply of nutrients for rhizosphere and foliage dressing are carried out in a solid state and liquid state. The solid compound fertilizer N, P and K are 18: 6: 24, 1 g/plant each time, or the liquid compound fertilizer N, P and K with the concentration of 1/1000 is 23: 10: 25, which is sprayed on the leaf surface. The first two weeks are preferentially applied with the solid compound fertilizer at the rhizosphere, the second two weeks are applied with the liquid compound fertilizer at the leaf surface, the nutrient is supplied to the rhizosphere and the leaf surface alternately in the solid state and the liquid state, so that the cultivated plants can reasonably and fully absorb and utilize the supplied nutrient elements, and the plants can grow and develop healthily. In the pot flower cultivation and growth process, mature leaves are removed in time for trimming and shaping, so that the respiration consumption is reduced, the vigorous growth of plants is promoted, and the plant shape of the pot flowers is adjusted and optimized.
Results of standard pot flower cultivation of begonia aquifolium (b.rex):
and trimming, shaping and cultivating management in time according to the key links of cultivation environment regulation and field planting and key water and nutrient supply. The plants grown in the potted plant for 3 months grow vigorously, the height of the standard pot flower is 35-50cm, the crown width reaches 45-80cm, and the plants can be viewed by the load.
Example 2:
standard pot flower cultivation of 'helenia' Begonia (Begonia rex cv. 'Helen Lewis'):
seed source and ornamental characters thereof:
'Helen' begonia (B.rex cv. 'Helen Lewis') belongs to B.rex series horticultural cultivars, and was bred from sexual cross progeny by Lewis in 1948, and the present applicant introduced and cultivated from Japan in 1983. The 'Helen' begonia (B.rex cv. 'Helen Lewis') leaves are dark purple red, silver green or light purple red annular stripes are embedded in the center of the leaves, and the leaves are medium-sized, 16-22cm long and 10-15cm wide, and are suitable for cultivation and appreciation of medium-sized hall potted flowers or small desk type potted flowers.
And (3) standard potted flower cultivation environment regulation:
'Helen' begonia (B.rex cv. 'Helen Lewis') is a B.rex series horticultural variety of begonia, belongs to the ecological type of tropical and subtropical shade plants and needs to be cultivated under the environment conditions of warm and moist and slight shading. Potted flower cultivation moulds the membrane at three-layer cavity interval and covers, and the heat cooperation cascade fan cooling humidification is taken away to roofing flowing water, launches the electric heating in good time and heats, and high pressure spraying humidification, the shading is moved to cold yarn inside and outside, carries out in the plastic film big-arch shelter that possesses temperature, humidity and illumination regulation and control ability. The cultivation environment is controlled at 15-30 ℃, the relative air humidity is 65-85%, and the illumination intensity is 15000-.
A key link of planting and potting:
a nutrition substrate matched with commercial fiber, coconut chaff, humus soil, perlite and a compound NPK fertilizer in a ratio of 5: 1: 0.02 is adopted, a root system obtained by cutting propagation is developed, a new plant of 'Helen' begonia (B.rex cv. 'Helen Lewis') with 2-3 flat leaves and 8-10cm of plant height is planted, and a plastic pot with the caliber of 8-10cm is fixedly planted in the center of 1 plant per pot for cultivation. When the seedlings after field planting gradually recover to grow to 4-5 flat leaves, the method is used for inducing more lateral buds to generate and grow, controlling the advantage of the top growth of the seedlings in time, timely removing the top buds to enable the seedlings to form more lateral stems in an ideal range to grow, and laying a foundation for standard potted flowers with luxuriant stems and leaves and full stems. After the plants are planted and grown for 40 days, the leaves of the plants grow rapidly, the capacity and the growing space of the original plastic pot substrate are insufficient, ceramic and imitation ceramic pots or plant material beautiful and simple ornamental pots with the caliber of 18-22cm are selected by combining the ornamental use and commodity demand of potted flowers, the grown plants are taken off from the pots, and 3 plants in each pot are arranged in a triangular shape and are planted into the ornamental pots.
The water and nutrient supply is as follows:
the irrigation of the plant culture medium is based on the principle that the plant culture medium is dry and wet, the plant culture medium is planned to be watered thoroughly when being dry, and the plant culture medium is not watered dribbly when the root system can absorb water smoothly in the medium and maintain the water content of the safe medium. The method avoids the problems that the surface of the potting matrix is often too wet, the moss plants are promoted to grow vigorously, the culture matrix is poor in air permeability, hardened, accumulated with water and the like, and the water, air and heat balance of the culture matrix is damaged. Not only hinders the normal water absorption of the root system, but also causes pathogenic bacteria to rampant, leads to pathological diseases and physiological diseases, and hinders the growth of plants. When the plant grows gradually, the number of the leaves is large and the number of the leaves is large, the irrigation matrix is fully irrigated from the base parts of the stems and the leaves of the plant, irrigation from the front side of the leaves is avoided, damage to the leaves and the petioles and damage to the plant shape of potted flowers are avoided, the cultivation matrix cannot be fully irrigated thoroughly, and the irrigation purpose cannot be achieved.
During the pot flower cultivation growth period, the supplement and supply of nutrient element fertilizers master the principle of thin fertilizer application, and the alternate supplement and supply of nutrients for rhizosphere and foliage dressing are carried out in a solid state and liquid state. The solid compound fertilizer N, P and K are 18: 6: 24, 1 g/plant each time, or the liquid compound fertilizer N, P and K with the concentration of 1/1000 is 23: 10: 25, which is sprayed on the leaf surface. The first two weeks are preferentially applied with the solid compound fertilizer at the rhizosphere, the second two weeks are applied with the liquid compound fertilizer at the leaf surface, the nutrient is supplied to the rhizosphere and the leaf surface alternately in the solid state and the liquid state, so that the cultivated plants can reasonably and fully absorb and utilize the supplied nutrient elements, and the plants can grow and develop healthily. In the pot flower cultivation and growth process, mature leaves are removed in time for trimming and shaping, so that the respiration consumption is reduced, the vigorous growth of plants is promoted, and the plant shape of the pot flowers is adjusted and optimized.
Results of standard potted flowers cultivation of 'heron' begonia (b.rex cv. 'Helen Lewis'):
and trimming, shaping and cultivating management in time according to the key links of cultivation environment regulation and field planting and key water and nutrient supply. The plants grown in the potted plant for 3 months grow vigorously, the height of the standard pot flower is 30-45cm, the crown width reaches 40-60cm, and the plants can be viewed by the appearance of the lotus.
Claims (6)
1. A standardized potted flower cultivation method for foliage type begonia is characterized in that a matched nutrient medium with commercial fibers, coconut chaff, humus, perlite and a compound NPK fertilizer = 5: 1: 0.02 is adopted, stems and leaves of the foliage type begonia are subjected to cuttage propagation to obtain robust new plants, the plants are cultivated in a fixed planting manner and placed in a sunshine greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse, cultivation is carried out under the environmental conditions of the temperature of 15-30 ℃, relative air humidity of 65-85% and illumination intensity of 15000-.
2. The method for cultivating standardized flowering Chinese flowering crabapple as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed nutrient medium is obtained by screening 10 mixed medium comparison tests by using plant stem and leaf growth amount as an observation index, and the cultivation test results for many years prove that the medium is the best medium for cultivating standardized flowering Chinese flowering crabapple.
3. The standardized potted flowering method of flowering begonia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation conditions include a sun-plate greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse with a plastic film, a movable aluminum alloy bed or a plastic film-covered ground bed is arranged in the cultivation room to place cultivation potted flowers, heat is taken away by roof flowing water, high-pressure spray humidification is performed, internal and external sun shading is combined with comprehensive technical measures to adjust and control the indoor environment, the temperature is controlled to be 15-30 ℃, the relative air humidity is 65-85%, and the illumination intensity is 25000 Lx.
4. The standardized potted flower cultivation technique of foliage begonia as in claim 1, characterized in that the timely pinching, trimming and shaping, rhizosphere and foliage dressing are combined, potted planting is carried out, new plants bred by cuttage with developed root systems and 2-3 flat leaves and 8-12cm plant height are planted and potted, terminal buds are removed when seedlings gradually recover to grow to 4-5 flat leaves, so that more side stems in an ideal range grow, mature leaves are trimmed and shaped in time during the growing period of potted flower cultivation, solid compound fertilizer N: P: K = 18: 6: 24 is applied to the rhizosphere once every two weeks, 1 g/plant is applied each time, or liquid compound fertilizer with 1/1000 concentration N: P: K = 23: 10: 25 is applied to the leaf surface, the rhizosphere and the foliage dressing are alternately supplemented with nutrients, the plants grow vigorously in 3 half and a half of the potted plant, the height of the standard pot flower is 30-50cm, and when the crown width reaches 40-80cm, the pot is taken out and enjoyed.
5. The standard potted flower cultivation method of the malus spectabilis, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
taking the malus spectabilis, cultivating potted flowers in three layers of hollow plastic films at intervals to cover, taking away heat by roof flowing water, matching with a water curtain fan to cool and humidify, starting electric heating and heating at proper time, spraying and humidifying at high pressure, moving cold yarns inside and outside to shade, and performing in a plastic film greenhouse with temperature, humidity and illumination regulation and control capabilities, wherein the cultivation environment is controlled at 15-30 ℃, the relative air humidity is 65-85%, and the illumination intensity is 15000-;
planting and potting: the method is characterized in that a matched nutrient medium of commodity fiber, coconut coir, humus soil, perlite and a compound NPK fertilizer = 5: 1: 0.02 is adopted, a root system obtained by cutting propagation is developed, 2-3 flat leaves and new Chinese flowering crabapple plants with the plant height of 10-12cm are provided, a plastic pot with the caliber of 12cm is fixedly implanted into the center of each pot of 1 plant for cultivation, when seedlings after field planting gradually recover to grow to 4-5 flat leaves, the advantages of inducing more lateral buds to generate and grow and controlling the growth of the top end of the lateral buds in time are achieved, the top buds are timely removed, so that more lateral stems in an ideal range are formed to grow, and a foundation is laid for standard potted flowers with luxuriant stems and full stems; after the field planting growth is carried out for 30-40 days, selecting a ceramic basin or an imitation ceramic basin with the caliber of 22-25cm or an aesthetic simple and elegant ornamental basin made of plant materials, taking the growing plants out of the basin, and fixedly planting 3 plants in each basin in a triangular arrangement manner;
supplying water and nutrients: the irrigation of the plant cultivation medium is based on the principle that the plants are dry and wet, the plants are watered thoroughly when the plants are dry, when roots can absorb water smoothly in the medium and the safe medium moisture is kept, dripping irrigation is not carried out, when the plants grow gradually and the number of the plants is large, the irrigation medium is fully poured from the base parts of stems and leaves of the plants, the irrigation from the front of the leaves is forbidden, the damage to the leaves and the leaf stalks and the damage to the plant shape of potted flowers are avoided, the cultivation medium cannot be fully poured, and the irrigation purpose cannot be achieved;
during the pot flower cultivation growth period, the supplement supply of nutrient element fertilizers grasps the principle of thin fertilizer application, the alternate supplement supply of nutrients is carried out on rhizosphere and leaf surface dressing in a solid and liquid form, the solid compound fertilizer N: P: K = 18: 6: 24 is applied to the rhizosphere once every two weeks, 1 g/plant is applied at a time, or the liquid compound fertilizer with the concentration of 1/1000N: P: K = 23: 10: 25 is applied to the leaf surface once, the solid compound fertilizer is preferentially applied to the rhizosphere in the first two weeks, the liquid compound fertilizer is applied to the leaf surface in the last two weeks, the nutrients are supplied to the rhizosphere and the leaf surface alternately by solid and liquid, so that the cultivated plants can reasonably and fully absorb and utilize the nutrient elements for supplement, and the plants can grow and develop healthily; in the pot flower cultivation and growth process, mature leaves are removed in time for trimming and shaping, so that the respiration consumption is reduced, the vigorous growth of plants is promoted, and the plant shape of pot flowers is adjusted and optimized; according to the key links of the cultivation environment regulation and control, the potted plant planting and the water and nutrient supply, trimming, shaping, cultivating and managing are carried out in time, the potted plant planting is in 3 months, the plant grows vigorously, the standard potted plant is 35-50cm in height, and when the crown width reaches 45-80cm, the load is discharged and enjoyed.
6. A method of cultivating 'Helen' begonia standard pot flowers, the method comprising the steps of:
and (3) standard potted flower cultivation environment regulation: 'Helen' begonia is cultivated under the environment conditions of warm and moist and slight shading, potted flower cultivation is covered by three layers of hollow plastic films at intervals, the heat taken away by roof flowing water is matched with a water curtain fan to cool and humidify, electric heating and heating are started at proper time, high-pressure spraying humidification is carried out, cold yarns are moved inside and outside to shade sun, the cultivation is carried out in a plastic film greenhouse with the temperature, humidity and illumination regulation and control capabilities, the cultivation environment is controlled to be 15-30 ℃, the relative air humidity is 65-85%, and the illumination intensity is 15000, 25000 Lx;
a key link of planting and potting: adopting a matched nutrient medium of commodity fiber, coconut coir, humus soil, perlite and a compound NPK fertilizer = 5: 1: 0.02, leading the root system obtained by cutting propagation to be developed, having 2-3 flat leaves and 8-10cm high new plant of 'Helen' begonia, fixedly planting 1 plant in the center of each pot into a plastic pot with the caliber of 8-10cm for cultivation, leading the planted seedling to gradually recover and grow to 4-5 flat leaves, leading more lateral buds to generate and grow, timely controlling the growth advantage of the top end of the seedling, timely removing the terminal buds to form more lateral stems in an ideal range, laying a foundation for standard potted flowers with luxuriant stems and full stems, leading the plant leaves to grow rapidly after 40 days of field planting, leading the capacity and growth space of the original plastic pot to be insufficient, selecting ceramics with the caliber of 18-22cm, leading the seedlings to have the ornamental purpose, combining the commodity requirement and the like of potted flowers, Imitating a ceramic pot or an aesthetic simple ornamental pot made of plant materials, taking growing plants out of the pot, and planting 3 plants in each pot in a triangular arrangement;
the water and nutrient supply is as follows: the irrigation of the plant culture substrate is based on the principle that dry plants and wet plants are seen, the plants are watered thoroughly when the plants are dry, when roots can absorb water smoothly in the substrate and the safe substrate moisture is kept, the plants are not watered dribbly, so that the surface of the potted substrate is often overhumidity, moss plants are promoted to grow vigorously, the air permeability of the culture substrate is poor, the moss plants are hardened and accumulated, the water, gas and heat balance of the culture substrate is damaged, the normal water absorption of the roots is blocked, pathogenic bacteria are rampant, pathological diseases and physiological diseases are caused, and the growth of the plants is blocked; when plants grow gradually, and the number of the leaves is large and large, the irrigation substrate is fully irrigated from the base parts of the stems and the leaves of the plants, so that irrigation from the front sides of the leaves is avoided, the leaves and the petioles are prevented from being damaged, the plant shape of potted flowers is prevented from being damaged, the cultivation substrate cannot be fully irrigated thoroughly, and the purpose of irrigation cannot be achieved;
during the pot flower cultivation growth period, the supplement supply of nutrient element fertilizers grasps the principle of thin fertilizer application, the alternate supplement supply of nutrients is carried out on rhizosphere and leaf surface topdressing in a solid and liquid form, the solid compound fertilizer N: P: K = 18: 6: 24 is applied to the rhizosphere once every two weeks, 1 g/plant is applied at a time, or the liquid compound fertilizer N: P: K = 23: 10: 25 with concentration of 1/1000 is sprayed to the leaf surface once, the solid compound fertilizer is preferentially applied to the rhizosphere in the first two weeks, the liquid compound fertilizer is sprayed to the leaf surface in the last two weeks, the nutrients are supplied to the rhizosphere and the leaf surface alternately in a solid and liquid state manner, so that the cultivated plants can reasonably and fully absorb and utilize the nutrient element supplement, the healthy growth and development are realized, mature leaves are removed in time during the pot flower cultivation growth process for pruning and shaping, the respiration consumption is reduced, the flourishing growth of the plants is promoted, and the plant shape of the pot flowers is adjusted and optimized;
according to the key links of the cultivation environment regulation and control, the potted plant planting and the water and nutrient supply, trimming, shaping, cultivating and managing are carried out in time, the potted plant planting is vigorous for 3 months, the standard potted plant is 30-45cm high, the crown width reaches 40-60cm, and the load is viewed.
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| CN115500232A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-23 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Cultivation method for improving ornamental quality of begonia aquifolium |
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