CN103460933B - Treatment method of seeds for planting and breeding of polygonum capitatum of Relinqing particle medicinal materials - Google Patents
Treatment method of seeds for planting and breeding of polygonum capitatum of Relinqing particle medicinal materials Download PDFInfo
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a treatment method of seeds for planting and breeding of polygonum capitatum of Relinqing particle medicinal materials, particularly to a construction method of a different-place planting conservation nursery of germplasm resources of the polygonum capitatum of the Relinqing particle original medicinal materials. The construction method comprises the following steps of germplasm resource collection which comprises the following steps of provenance selection, wild seed collection, fresh and alive plant collection and cultivated plant selection and detected sample collection and specimen collection and production; germplasm resource conservation nursery construction which comprises the following steps of selection, planting, seed production and nursery construction results and analyses of the germplasm resource nursery; seed storage which comprises storing the obtained polygonum capitatum seeds under the normal temperature or low temperature condition for original seed preservation or seeding. According to the treatment method of the seeds for the planting and breeding of the polygonum capitatum of the Relinqing particle medicinal materials, a good medicinal material supply method is provided for the polygonum capitatum of the Relinqing particle original medicinal materials.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medicinal material planting technology field.Relate to a kind of method of planting polygonum capitatum, the processing method using seed is bred in the plantation particularly relating to Relinqing Granula crude drug polygonum capitatum.
Background technology
The former plant of polygonum capitatum is polygonaceae (Polygonaceae) Polygonum (Polygonum) plant polygonum capitatum (Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don).Its medicinal part is acrial part or herb, using fresh herb or dry use; Record in " Guizhou Province's traditional Chinese medicine, Ethnic crude drugs quality standard " (version in 2003).
Polygonum capitatum bitter, pungent, cool in nature.Return kidney, urinary bladder channel.There is clearing heat and promoting diuresis, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, inducing diuresis for treating strangurtia function.Cure mainly dysentery, pyelonephritis, cystitis, lithangiuria, pelvic infecton, prostatitis, rheumatalgia, injury from falling down, the illness such as sore eczema.
Polygonum capitatum medicinal history is long, begins to be loaded in " Guangxi Chinese medicinal herbal " (1963, second), is mainly used in treating rheumatalgia; Within 1977, record in " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " (1977, the first volume), be mainly used in treating dysentery, ephritis, cystitis, lithangiuria etc.; " Miao in Guizhou medical research and exploitation " (1999), " Guizhou Province's traditional Chinese medicine quality standard " (version in 1988) and " Guizhou Province's traditional Chinese medicine, Ethnic crude drugs quality standard " (version in 2003) etc. are all given and being recorded.
Polygonum capitatum is national folk medicinal herbs most in use, applies very extensive.Its in different regions, different nationalities has different addresses.Add up with literature survey factually, polygonum capitatum once had more than 20 another name.Such as: the four seasons red (" Guizhou Province's traditional Chinese medicine quality standard " version in 1988), himalayan creeper herb (" GUIHAIA register "), water silk ball, economize fourth grass (" Guizhou Chinese herbal medicine register "), red acid bar, Gypsophila acutifolia, stone food (" national Chinese herbal medicine compilation "), capitate knotweed herb, Polygonum capitatum Buch (" Guangxi Chinese medicinal herbal "), solar grass (" Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine "), completely red, fire pomegranate grass (" mountain of papers Chinese herbal medicine "), safflower Chinese violet, straightstalk alpine meadowrue herb, little copper weed, small red grass (" choosing of Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine "), Sorrel, grass stone green pepper, heronsbill (" Yunnan spermatophyte register "), copper mine grass (" Traditional Chinese Medicine in Sichuan will "), rock buckwheat, blue or green shadow (" Hubei flora ") etc.
Polygonum capitatum is again that multiple ethnic group is medicinal, the seedling medicine that particularly seedling doctor is the most conventional; Its name is called " Dlob dongd xok " (approximate Chinese phonetic is translated into " searching gear rope ")." four seasons are red " is then the most frequently used herbal medicine name of Guizhou province national folk; The ethnic group in some places, Guizhou is also called " completely red ", " drum fourth bubble " etc.
Guizhou is a multi-national province lived in concentrated communities, and has 49 nationalitys such as the Chinese, seedling, Bouyei, Dong; Wherein maximum with Miao ethnic group, reach more than 400 ten thousand, account for more than 49% of national Miao ethnic group total population.Along with struggle for existence and the production practices of Miao ethnic group ancients, along with the development of society, progressively formed and develop into the abundant in content and Miao Minority of uniqueness.Seedling medicine is the medicine that Miao people is conventionally used to prevention, treatment and keeps healthy; Be the cultural assets that Miao people passes on so far for thousands of years, there is long hand down, outstanding national characteristic and region.Guizhou seedling medicine aboundresources, its source relates to autonomic drug, animal drugs and mineral drug.And the polygonum capitatum of special effect Miao in Guizhou medicinal history is long just, the seedling medicine that at present research application is comparatively deep again.
Guizhou wild polygonum capitatum resource is very abundant, and all there is distribution in the whole province, is widely used at Guizhou national folk (particularly Miao ethnic group).Since the eighties in last century, the relevant scientific research institutions in Guizhou are just studied its resource, chemistry and drug effect and clinical practice etc., and have researched and developed polygonum capitatum simple seedling medicine preparation " Relinqing Granula ".
Although wild polygonum capitatum resource is very abundant, but in Chinese medicine preparation industrialization process, accomplish to guarantee the safe, controlled, homogeneous of prescribed preparation from source, expect in Producing medicinal herbs process, from medicinal material source and seed treatment processes, find a kind of good method to guarantee to plant the quality of medicinal material, thus ensure preparation production medicinal material high-quality, supply constantly.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to seek the effective planting technology of medicinal material of polygonum capilalum.The present inventor preserves the aspects such as the building method in garden and seed treatment and has carried out a large amount of effort from polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource Planting in the different location, and obtains the result of desirable, the present invention is based on these effort and result and is accomplished.
For this reason, first aspect present invention provides the building method (can also be interpreted as that the breeding or producing method for seed using seed is bred in the plantation of Relinqing Granula crude drug polygonum capitatum in the present invention) that Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource Planting in the different location preserves garden, and the method comprises the following steps:
A, germ plasm resource are collected, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) provenance is selected: select the wild polygonum capitatum of different ecological environment to introduce a fine variety in the main area of polygonum capitatum;
(2) wild seed collection: on the well-grown typical sample ground of selected polygonum capitatum, select the plant that health is disease-free, shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red, as seed collecting plant; By the ripening fruits of hand getting collection polygonum capitatum, load in ventilative good seed collecting bag, naturally dry, rub the tepal removing white clear with the hands, load kraft paper bag, put in refrigerator and preserve;
(3) fresh and alive plant gathers and selectes with cultivating plants: select healthy disease-free, that shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red plant to be with soil to dig out at seed collecting sample, move into Germ-plasma resources protection garden and cultivate;
(4) detect sample collection and collection of specimens to make: extract polygonum capitatum fresh goods and dry at seed collecting sample rapidly or dry, preservation in the sample sack loading sealing, for detecting its quality; Take at seed collecting sample the whole plant being with root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, make exsiccata, to carry out species identification;
B, Germ-plasma resources protection garden are built, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of Germplasm Resources: choose never planted polygonum capitatum and with around polygonum capitatum planting site isolated leeward, have the plot of source of irrigation water on the sunny side, set up Germ-plasma resources protection garden, and be divided into mutually isolated difference plantation community;
(2) plant: the fresh and alive plant gathered is planted in the plantation garden district dug respectively by the spacing in the rows of 30cm × 30cm, line-spacing, draw garden district and plant schematic diagram and perform mark;
(3) production of hybrid seeds: fully keep apart in plant blossom Qian Jiang community and other community, seed of gathering 8 ~ November, saves backup after dry impurity elimination;
(4) building garden results and analysis: by selecting Germplasm Resources, plantation and production of hybrid seeds process above, analyzing building garden result, to obtain best germ plasm resource;
C, seed storage: under normal temperature or cryogenic conditions will obtain polygonum capitatum seed storage, with do original seed preserve or for sowing.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein said each seedbed be in Guizhou Province, Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province, Chongqing City or Hunan Province be domestic, preferably domestic in Guizhou Province.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein said fresh and alive plant gathers to be selected in operation with cultivating plants, select the well-grown typical sample ground of polygonum capitatum in different regions, record its state of ecological environment, and select healthy disease-free, that shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red plant band soil to dig out, often gather the strain of fresh and alive plant at least 30, be put in vasculum and take back, move into Germ-plasma resources protection garden.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein said fresh and alive plant gathers to be selected in operation with cultivating plants, that experiment and demonstration base polygonum capitatum plants large Tanaka, polygonum capitatum plant that growth selection is good (healthy disease-free, shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red) or comparatively have the plant of stable variation features, observed and recorded its growth and Morphological Features; Be with soil to dig out plant, be put in vasculum and take back, move into Germ-plasma resources protection garden.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, when wherein carrying out detecting the operation that sample collection and collection of specimens make, described oven dry is below 60 DEG C, forced air drying.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein carries out after detection sample collection below 60 DEG C, forced air drying.Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein after preparation of specimen's sample collection, press-in is placed with the specimen holder of blotting paper, dries or dries in the shade.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, the Germplasm Resources selected in it is in the forest land of height above sea level 700 ~ 1000.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step C seed storage in room temperature or 0 ~ 5 DEG C of preservation.
In the arbitrary embodiment of the present invention, polygonum capitatum seed preserves under the condition of 4 ~ 5 DEG C.
Further, the processing method using seed is bred in the plantation that second aspect present invention provides Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatum, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) observe seed characteristics be suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding to obtain, it comprises at least one following steps: perform cleanliness analysis by GB/T3543.3 crop seeds detection method; Mensuration thousand kernel weight is carried out by GB/T3543.7 crop seeds inspection procedure sundry item inspection gravimetry; Determination of moisture is performed by GB/T3543.6 crop seeds detection method; Germination test is performed to measure germination rate by GB/T3543.4 crop seeds detection method;
(2) storage of seed: be loaded on being suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding in ventilative good kraft paper bag or cotton bag, and tighten sack, then put in drier, refrigerator and stored at room temperature; Using the polygonum capitatum seed collection time as storage initial time, with germination rate and/or germination vigor for index is according to the basic storage period of storage object determination seed;
(3) planting seed and polygonum capitatum plantation: under 15 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C (preferably 15 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C) and natural lighting condition, seed is sowed, make seed sprouting, carry out the plantation (such as can plant see the method described in CN1481666A) of polygonum capitatum.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (1), the cleanliness of described seed is greater than or equal to 85%.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (1), the cleanliness of described seed is greater than or equal to 90%.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (1), the cleanliness of described seed is greater than or equal to 95%.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (1), the germination rate of described seed is greater than or equal to 75%.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (1), the germination rate of described seed is greater than or equal to 85%.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (1), the germination rate of described seed is greater than or equal to 90%.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (1), the thousand kernel weight of described seed is greater than or equal to 0.80g.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (1), the thousand kernel weight of described seed is greater than or equal to 0.85g.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (1), the thousand kernel weight of described seed is greater than or equal to 0.90g.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (1), the moisture of described seed is less than or equal to 12%.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (1), what obtained is suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding, this seed cleanliness is greater than or equal to 85%, germination rate is greater than or equal to 75%, thousand kernel weight is greater than or equal to 0.80g, moisture is less than or equal to 12%.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (1), what obtained is suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding, this seed cleanliness is greater than or equal to 90%, germination rate is greater than or equal to 85%, thousand kernel weight is greater than or equal to 0.85g, moisture is less than or equal to 12%.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (1), what obtained is suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding, this seed cleanliness is greater than or equal to 95%, germination rate is greater than or equal to 90%, thousand kernel weight is greater than or equal to 0.90g, moisture is less than or equal to 12%.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (2), for original seed preserve seed at 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C refrigerated storage.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (2), for original seed preserve seed at 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C refrigerated storage.In one embodiment, the seed preserved for original seed is no more than 3 years, preferably more than 2 years at 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C refrigerated storage.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (2), is at room temperature refrigerated storage for planting the production seed of medicinal material Polygonum capitatum.In one embodiment, production seed at room temperature refrigerated storage is no more than 2 years, preferably more than 1.5 years, preferably more than 1 year.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (3), before sowing seed, removes the perianth that seed place is deposited.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (3), is seed is mixed (such as blending ratio is 1:100 ~ 200) to broadcast sowing with fine earth during sowing, after planting not earthing.
Method according to a second aspect of the present invention, in wherein said step (3), sowing bonnet mulch film is to keep seedbed soil table humidity.
Third aspect present invention provides the plantation mating system of Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatum, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource Planting in the different location preserves the construction in garden;
(2) process with seed is bred in the plantation of polygonum capitatum; (3) plantation of polygonum capitatum is carried out with the seed of step (2).
Method according to a third aspect of the present invention, wherein as described in step (1) embodiment as arbitrary in first aspect present invention (comprising its modification).
Method according to a third aspect of the present invention, wherein as described in step (2) embodiment as arbitrary in second aspect present invention (comprising its modification).
Method according to a third aspect of the present invention, wherein step (3) can be planted according to methods known in the art, such as, plant with reference to the polygonum capitatum implantation methods described in CN1481666A.
Arbitrary technical characteristic in arbitrary embodiment of either side of the present invention can combine with arbitrary embodiment of this aspect or other side, as long as this combination there will not be contradiction.In addition, any one the concrete technical scheme mentioned in the context of the invention or technical characteristic (comprise numerical value, though these technical schemes or technical characteristic when describing separately can also) can combine with arbitrary embodiment of either side of the present invention.
Natural resources of Chinese medicinal materials refer to distribute in a given area or scope various medicinal plants, animal and mineral and reserves thereof summation.The natural resources of Chinese medicinal materials of broad sense also comprise artificial cultivation cultivation with the active principle of the medicinal plant utilizing biotechnology to breed and animal and generation thereof.Natural resources of Chinese medicinal materials comprises resources of medicinal plant, Animal resources and mineral resources.
From genetic consideration, kind matter (germplasm) refers to " determine biological species, and the genetic material that the hereditary information enriched passes to offspring from parental generation is overall." it is the internal factor determining biological quality.Germ plasm resource (germplasm resources) refers to " can raise up seed and keep the general designation of the animals and plants material of stable genetic character.As spore, seed and the stock biological cells and tissues of confession." its nature,taste and action difference of various medicinal material, the active component contained is different, and the matter not of the same race all had with it is relevant.
For a long time, because China's various places medicinal material plantation lacks unified management, medicinal herb grower mainly through from numerous, personal or buy seed from medicinal material market, seedling is produced, various places cultivar quality is different, biological property, Yield and quality, proterties and resistance has very big-difference.These kinds are the medicinal material that medicinal herb grower plants for many years, has certain using value.Again due to the excessive digging exploitation of Wild Medicinal resource, the farm variety of the cultivation of making over and tradition kind are difficult to find, and some even disappeares.And the improved seeds that a small amount of bulk medicinal materials is cultivated bring the homogeneity of kind of matter, cause some strong stress resistances, the genetic resources forfeiture that variety and quality is excellent.Therefore, existing to be protected in the urgent need to centering medicine germ plasm resource, and adequately protect and utilize the existing natural resources of Chinese medicinal materials of China, set up parts of generic medicinal plants cultivar Germplasm Bank there is important reality and historic significance.
Because the superior in quality stable standardization needing Producing medicinal herbs of traditional Chinese medicine, Producing medicinal herbs standardizes the standardization needing traditional Chinese medicine seed seedling to produce.Seed seedling is the material base of Producing medicinal herbs, and the seed seedling of improved seeds and high-quality is the basis and the source that realize traditional Chinese medicine standardization production, and normalized planting technology is the process realizing traditional Chinese medicine standardization production.Do not solve its source and underlying issue, Process Problems just can not really be solved.At present, the present situation of China's traditional Chinese medicine seed seedling is but that provenance is chaotic, plants matter and mixes, therefore advances the standardization of traditional Chinese medicine seed seedling to be ensure that Chinese medicine standardization and normalization produces the task of top priority with GAP construction of base.
Make a general survey of domestic and international plant variety seed selection history, its road substantially: farm variety identification and utilization → conventional variety seed selection → hybrid variety breeding → bioengineering breeding.The Chinese Vegetable Breeding close with traditional Chinese medicine characteristic, when germ plasm resource was collected and was evaluated 50 ~ sixties of 20th century, identification and utilization large quantities of farm variety and excellent germplasm; 60 ~ eighties of 20th century is based on conventional variety seed selection; After the eighties in 20th century, heterosis utilization becomes vegetable variety seed selection dominant direction; Play biotechnology the nineties in 20th century a large amount of for genetic background expansion, resistant gene importing etc. in breed breeding.Research and propose according to relevant, the development of traditional Chinese medicinal materials assortment seed selection should use for reference the method for crops, realize the progress of great-leap-forward again, can strive for covering crops " farm variety identification and utilization " and " conventional variety seed selection " course in nearly 20 years with the time of 4 ~ 10 years, 1 ~ 2 kind cultivated by often kind of medicinal material.China will rely on traditional Chinese medicinal materials assortment seed selection core unit, and build the storehouse in mid-term (storage life about 15 years) of 2 ~ 3 traditional Chinese medicine Germ-plasma resources protection in the whole nation, the research for genetic breeding, authentic medicinal herbs provides kind of the preservation of matter data and exchanges.And rely on national genebank, strengthen traditional Chinese medicine Core Germplasms and preserve research, build Core Germplasms storehouse.The basis of traditional Chinese medicine seed seedling standardization effort is breed standard, is difficult to without improved Varieties the standardization realizing seed seedling, and therefore breeding of new variety is the breach of Seed & Seedling Standardization Project of Chinese Medicinal Materials.China will using natural resources of Chinese medicinal materials kind upright connect for the production of or as breeding of new variety basic material for main purpose, emphasis collects various variation types, farm variety, the wild area kind matter of major production areas, often kind of medicinal material whole nation.Northeastward, 7 regions such as North China, northwest, southwest, East China, Central China, south China, 7 germplasm identification centers are set up according to the distribution of the medicinal material place of production and scientific research strength, the economic characters of main traditional Chinese medicine germ plasm resource and biological character are identified and evaluated, screening farm variety or the excellent kind matter of Comprehensive Traits, directly apply to and to produce or as the basic material of cultivation new varieties.
The seed selection of traditional Chinese medicine improved seeds and widely using and will bring the great change of Producing medicinal herbs on producing.For the purpose of breeding of new variety, biotechnology will be played a great role; Standardize production technology, No-harmful apple orchard technology of the traditional Chinese medicine supporting with new varieties will obtain extensive investigation and application.Study the store method of various medicinal material, particularly recalcitrant seeds medicinal material and vegetative propagation medicinal material germ plasm resource.Collection and conservation Precious, Rare, Endangered medicinal material germ plasm resource, and the Precious, Rare, Endangered kind matter of large cultivation medicinal material, realize germ plasm resource at ground and Plantlet in vitro.And comprise that germ plasm resource standard and specification is formulated, germplasm resource evaluation and store method research, excellent farm variety or plant the excavation of matter and utilization etc.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the germination rate of polygonum capitatum seed under different holding conditions dynamically (three data posts of each time point represent room temperature, refrigerator and drier from left to right respectively).
Fig. 2: temperature is on the impact of polygonum capitatum seed sprouting required time.
Fig. 3: temperature is on the impact of polygonum capitatum seed sprouting duration.
Fig. 4: temperature is on the impact of polygonum capitatum potentiality of seed.
Fig. 5: temperature is on the impact of polygonum capitatum percentage of seedgermination.
Fig. 6: under different temperatures, the germination of polygonum capitatum seed within the germination cycle dynamically (6 data posts of each time point represent 10 DEG C, 15 DEG C, 20 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 30 DEG C, 35 DEG C from left to right respectively).
Fig. 7: comparative trial community arranges schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Can be conducted further description the present invention by the following examples, but scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.One of skill in the art can understand, and under the prerequisite not deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can carry out various change and modification to the present invention.The present invention carries out generality and/or concrete description to the material used in test and test method.Although for realizing many materials that the object of the invention uses and method of operating is well known in the art, the present invention still describes in detail as far as possible at this.
embodiment 1: polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource Planting in the different location preservation garden (can be described as in the present invention in " Germ-plasma resources protection garden ")
build A---germ plasm resource is collected
(1) provenance is selected: the wild polygonum capitatum in the main area of polygonum capitatum (such as Guizhou Province) to different ecological environment is introduced a fine variety.
Specifically, such as, according to resource investigation and introduction and Experiment research conditions, the wild polygonum capitatum of area as main in Guizhou, the main area of polygonum capitatum different ecological environment is selected to introduce a fine variety.The present inventor finds, all can be used as Exotic provenance locality on the ground such as Pan county (Yang Chang township, disconnected Jiang Zhen, Pan Guan town), Qinglong County (sand town), Puan County (Jiang Xipo town), Guanling fauna (Xin Pu town), Liuzhi Special Region (Duo Jiao township), waterside town city (Fa Er township), town Ning County (Ding Qi town), Leishan County (Xijiang River town), Kaili City (three Ke Shu towns), Yuqing County (LongXi town), Huangping County (Jiu Zhou town), Shibing County (stable township), Guiyang (Qian Tao township) in Guizhou Province.
(2) wild seed collection: on the well-grown typical sample ground of selected polygonum capitatum, select the plant that health is disease-free, shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red, as seed collecting plant; By the ripening fruits of hand getting collection polygonum capitatum, load in ventilative good seed collecting bag, naturally dry, rub the tepal removing white clear with the hands, load kraft paper bag, put in refrigerator and preserve.
Specifically, select the well-grown typical sample ground of polygonum capitatum in different regions, record its state of ecological environment, select the plant that health is disease-free, shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red, as seed collecting plant.By the ripening fruits of hand getting collection polygonum capitatum, load ventilative good seed collecting bag (cloth bag or kraft envelope), collect seed about 50 ~ 100g on every sample ground, fasten number label, naturally dry, rub the tepal removing white clear with the hands, load kraft paper bag, put in refrigerator and preserve.
(3) fresh and alive plant gathers and selectes with cultivating plants: select healthy disease-free, that shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red plant to be with soil to dig out at seed collecting sample, move into Germ-plasma resources protection garden and cultivate.
Particularly, such as, the well-grown typical sample ground of polygonum capitatum is selected in different regions, record its state of ecological environment, and select healthy disease-free, that shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red plant band soil to dig out, often gather totally 30 strains of fresh and alive plant, be put in vasculum and take back.Move into Germ-plasma resources protection garden.
Again such as, in experiment and demonstration base, Niu great Chang town, Shibing County, polygonum capitatum plants large Tanaka, polygonum capitatum plant that growth selection is good (healthy disease-free, shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red) or comparatively have the plant of stable variation features, observed and recorded its growth and Morphological Features; Be with soil to dig out plant, be put in vasculum and take back, move into Germ-plasma resources protection garden.
(4) detect sample collection and collection of specimens to make: extract polygonum capitatum fresh goods and dry rapidly or dry at seed collecting sample (less than 60 DEG C, air blast), preservation in the sample sack loading sealing, for detecting its quality; Take at seed collecting sample the whole plant being with root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, make exsiccata, to carry out species identification.
Particularly, such as, extract polygonum capitatum fresh goods with reaping hook be about 5kg at each seed collecting sample, dry rapidly or dry (less than 60 DEG C, air blast), preserve in the sample sack loading sealing, detect its quality condition.
Again such as, often equally taking the whole plant 5 parts of band root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, performing numbering and record, making exsiccata, and carry out species identification.
embodiment 2: polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource Planting in the different location preserves the construction B in garden---Germ-plasma resources protection garden is built
(1) selection of Germplasm Resources: choose never planted polygonum capitatum and with around polygonum capitatum planting site isolated leeward, have the plot of source of irrigation water on the sunny side, set up germ plasm resource and deposit garden, and be divided into mutually isolated difference plantation community.
Particularly, such as, can according to investigation, the ground such as the Niu great Chang town great Ping village domestic in Shibing County, ice cave village of stable township all have wild polygonum capitatum to grow.Compare through repeatedly making an on-the-spot survey on the spot, result is in polygonum capitatum experiment and demonstration base, Niu great Chang town, Shibing County, choosing never planted polygonum capitatum, and the plot isolated with polygonum capitatum experiment and demonstration planting site around, set up germ plasm resource and deposit (forest land, garden, height above sea level 700 ~ 1000m, inventor finds in other test, when selecting height above sea level lower than 600m or the Germplasm Resources higher than 1500m, the seed general lower (being usually less than 80%) in germination rate obtained, and thousand kernel weight is also less (being usually less than 0.8g).Its concrete facility and requirement: area 2000 ~ 2500m
2, leeward, on the sunny side, have source of irrigation water, and be divided into mutually isolated difference plantation community (each community 20m
2).
(2) plant: the fresh and alive plant gathered is planted in the plantation garden district dug respectively by the spacing in the rows of 30cm × 30cm, line-spacing, draw garden district and plant schematic diagram and perform mark.
Particularly, such as, the fresh and alive plant gathered by above-described embodiment 1 is planted in the plantation garden district dug by the spacing in the rows of 30cm × 30cm, line-spacing respectively according to its ecosystem environmental quality, draws garden district plantation schematic diagram and performs mark.Strengthen the management of garden district, remove weeds in community and protecting field in time, quarterly remove the polygonum capitatum seedling in community and in protecting field in time.Winter blinding (or grass) frost damage prevention.
(3) production of hybrid seeds: fully keep apart in plant blossom Qian Jiang community and other community, seed of gathering 8 ~ November, saves backup after dry impurity elimination.
Specifically, such as, the provenance of seed need be gathered, for ensureing original proterties of seed, avoid mixing and going here and there powder, fully should keep apart in plant blossom Qian Jiang community and other community (can adopt bagging when seed collecting amount is few), the plant part in Ye Keba community shifts out separately to plant cultivates seed in isolated area far away.Should transplant 4 ~ May, can whole strain transplantation with soil, plant division or cuttage.Survive rear timely weeding fertilising.8 ~ 11 monthly seeds of gathering, save backup after dry impurity elimination.
(4) building garden results and analysis: by selecting Germplasm Resources, plantation and production of hybrid seeds process above, analyzing building garden result, to obtain best germ plasm resource.Example is specific as follows:
1, result: through investigation in the past few years and collection, the provenance samples such as Yang Chang township, Pan county, Shibing are introduced, polygonaceae arsesmart polygonum capitatum (Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don) is, the plantation preservation in Germplasm Resources all of above sample through qualification.
2, brief analysis
(1) sample introduced represents different geographical respectively, different altitude height, the polygonum capitatum plant of different ecological environment: have the cloudy wet type (GY-0201 of intermediate altitude half, ZN0201), the cloudy half-dried ground type (PX-0203 of High aititude half, PX-0204, PX-0205, PX-0206, PX-0207), cloudy half-dried ground type (PA-0201) of intermediate altitude half, intermediate altitude tailo dry ground type (QL-0201, PX-0202, PX-0201, SC-0201), low altitude area limestone exposed dry ground type (TJ-0201, HP-0201, SB0201), the cloudy half-dried ground type (LS-0201 of low altitude area limestone half, KL-0201, SB-0202, LB0201).In garden, growing state is observed, and result all can grow (see table 1) well.
(2) the wild polygonum capitatum sample in Different sources introducing and planting polygonum capitatum and original producton location carries out content detection, contrast its testing result to show: the wild provenance that different regions are introduced, its quercetin content is different, the wherein PX0202 sample size the highest (reaching 0.27%) in Bai Kuai village of Pan county Yang Chang township, difference is extremely remarkable compared with the content in Bai Guo town, Pan county old toft village PX0207 (P<0.01), Qi Long village of Qian Tao township, Guiyang GY0201 (P<0.01).Difference is also extremely remarkable compared with the content in Duan Jiang town, Pan county old toft village PX0205 (P<0.01), ice cave village of stable township, Shibing County SB0201 (P<0.01).For this reason, can determine that the polygonum capitatum kind in Bai Kuai village of Yang Chang township, Pan county is best.
Table 1: the collection of polygonum capitatum Germplasm Resources sample strain and feature thereof
Note: sample number capitalization is locality first letter of pinyin, back numeral is locality sample number.
(3) gather the part polygonum capitatum sample moving into Germ-plasma resources protection garden and carry out content detection, and contrast its testing result and show (see table 2): the wild provenance that different regions are introduced, in Germplasm Resources after plantation, when its quercetin content is all comparatively introduced a fine variety, wild product are high, wherein draw the PG2001 sample size the highest (reaching 0.62%) from Pan Guan town, Pan county, with the SB0201 (P<0.01) in stable township, Shibing, Yang Chang township, Pan county PX0202 compares difference extremely significantly (P<0.01), with the PX0205 (P<0.01) of the Jiang Zhen that breaks from Pan county, the PX0207 (P<0.01) in Bai Guo town, Pan county and the GY0201 comparing difference in Qian Tao township, Kweiyang are also extremely significantly (P<0.01).For this reason, tentatively determine that the current varieties of plant in base (drawing from Pan Guan town, Pan county, natural crude drugs main producing region in calendar year 2001, lower same) PG2001 is breeding, also need plant further observation and comparison in practice in experiment and demonstration base.
Table 2: Germplasm Resources quality of medicinal material compares,
| Sequence number | Sample number into spectrum | Sample source | Extract (%) | Average quercetin content (%) |
| 1 | PX0202 | Bai Kuai village of Yang Chang township, Pan county | 28.30±0.03 | 0.47±0.01 |
| 2 | PX0205 | Old toft village, Duan Jiang town, Pan county | 30.33±0.04 | 0.55±0.01 |
| 3 | PX0207 | Old toft village, Bai Guo town, Pan county | 24.84±0.03 | 0.58±0.02 |
| 4 | GY0201 | Qi Long village of Qian Tao township, Guiyang | 26.33±0.02 | 0.55±0.01 |
| 5 | SB0201 | Ice cave village of stable township, Shibing County | 28.75±0.03 | 0.40±0.01 |
| 6 | PG2001 | Pan Guan village, Pan Guan town, Pan county | 21.14±0.04 | 0.62±0.01 |
Note: on August 10th, 2003 samples.
(4) observe the polygonum capitatum single-strain fresh weight of separate sources in Germplasm Resources, result shows (see table 3): individual plant mean fresh is totally 153.1g/ strain.By comparison comparatively, Duan Jiang town, Pan county old toft village PX0205 obviously higher (P<0.01), the PX0202 (P<0.05) in peach garden village, pool, Pan county, the PX0202 (P<0.05) in Bai Kuai village of Yang Chang township, Pan county are also higher, and the PX0201 (P<0.01) in officials of feudal dynasties village of soldierly bearing township, Pan county, the NZ0201 (P<0.05) in six Zhi Mu hilllocks-Ning Dingqi Liangshan, town is then significantly on the low side.
Table 3: Germplasm Resources polygonum capitatum single-strain fresh weight compares,
| Sequence number | Sample strain is numbered | Source | Individual plant mean fresh (g) |
| 1 | QL0201 | Wen Feng village of chicken house township, Qinglong County | 155.2±5.25 |
| 2 | PA0201 | Unity village, slope, Jiangxi, Puan County | 160.5±16.99 |
| 3 | PX0201 | Officials of feudal dynasties village of soldierly bearing township, Pan county | 140.1±7.43 |
| 4 | PX0202 | Bai Kuai village of Yang Chang township, Pan county | 162.3±10.13 |
| 5 | PX0203 | Zhu Chang river, Liu Guan town, Pan county | 155.0±10.07 |
| 6 | PX0204 | Peach garden village, pool, Pan county | 167.4±14.46 |
| 7 | PX0205 | Old toft village, Duan Jiang town, Pan county | 168.0±13.23 |
| 8 | PX0206 | Old toft village, Duan Jiang town, Pan county | 163.5±19.26 |
| 9 | PX0207 | The old toft in Bai Guo town, Pan county | 164.2±24.81 |
| 10 | SC0208 | Xinlong village of waterside town Fa Er township | 148.0±20.22 |
| 11 | HP0201 | Jiu Zhou town, Huangping County stone Niu Cun | 135.0±34.51 |
| 12 | NZ0201 | Six Zhi Mu hilllocks-Ning Dingqi Liangshan, town | 130.2±28.25 |
| 13 | GY0201 | Qi Long village of Qian Tao township, Guiyang | 140.3±17.79 |
| 14 | SB0201 | Ice cave village of stable township, Shibing County | 156.4±21.25 |
| 15 | TJ0201 | Pai Lve village of Lao Tun township, Taijiang County | 141.0±15.78 |
| 16 | LS0201 | Yang Wu village, Xijiang River town, Leishan County | 161.5±19.12 |
| 17 | KL0201 | Zhai Wa village, Kaili City three Ke Shu town | 142.0±19.75 |
Note: on August 10th, 2003 measures.
In sum, from the comparative analysis results contrast of the plantation sample quality output of the wild sample of polygonum capitatum and Germplasm Resources, tentatively think: the PX0205 of the PG2001 that base is now planted, the PX0202 in pool town, disconnected Jiang Zhen has good cultivation adaptability, can carry out the research of its variety comparative test further.
By above operation, comparatively satisfied polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource strain and seed can be obtained.
embodiment 3: polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource Planting in the different location preserves construction C---the seed storage in garden
On the basis of polygonum capitatum Germplasm Resource Investigation and Germ-plasma resources protection garden study on construction, we also adopt the method for low temperature storage to carry out Primary Study and the process of following 3 aspects to the seed of different germ plasm resource: after the seed sample that field investigation is collected or cultivated by (1) dries naturally, put into plastic sample bag, in-built desiccant (discolour silica gel) 15 ~ 20g, refrigerator is put into, 0 ~ 5 DEG C of preservation after sealing.(2) within every 6 months, get a sample (about 50) and detect seed vitality and germination rate.And check discolour silica gel, and if variable color, desiccant drying in oven should put or renew.(3) when the vigor of seed and germination rate drop to below 30%, must the production of hybrid seeds again (transplanting the production of hybrid seeds at isolated area sampling kind seedling raising and transplanting or resource garden plant division).
embodiment 4: polygonum capitatum seed characteristics, seed testing and seed quality investigate A---the observational study of seed characteristics
Plant in the Researching and practicing process with standardized planting in the wild change man of polygonum capitatum, based on sexual propagation (seminal propagation), the special research observation seed biological nature of polygonum capitatum having been carried out to comparatively attach most importance to.
(1) research method
1, the morphological feature of seed is observed: get respectively 2002 8,9,10, November (for full-bloom stage and the full bearing period) gathers each 20g of polygonum capitatum ripening fruits cleaned, 10 are got at random in method 1: every part, observe under stereoscope (band micrometer), measure length and the width of every fruit, charge to form, add up its mean value.Method 2: get Partial mature Fruit Anatomy, at light microscope and its structure of stereoscopic Microscopic observation.Get 500 at random in method 3: every part, repeat 10 times, weigh up the weight often organizing sample with electronic balance, add up its thousand kernel weight.
2, the storage of seed and the life-span
(1) storage practice: be loaded on by seed in kraft paper bag and cotton bag, and tighten sack, then puts in drier, refrigerator and stored at room temperature.Using the polygonum capitatum seed collection time as storage initial time.
(2) test method: surveyed a germination rate every 6 months.Method is culture dish method, namely the seed of various storage practice respectively random number get 3 parts, 50 every part, totally 150, then evenly put in culture dish, put temperature and cultivate at 20 ~ 25 DEG C, measure germination rate (continuous 5 days without germinate till).
(3) statistical methods for experiment: the hypothesis test (u-test) of comparing with two sample percentages.
3, the impact of temperature and light photograph on polygonum capitatum seed germination: with illumination constant incubator and unglazed photograph constant incubator, if different temperatures section group: A<10 DEG C; 10 DEG C≤B≤15 DEG C (B=15 ± 1 DEG C); 15 DEG C of <C≤25 DEG C (C=20 ± 1 DEG C); 25 DEG C≤D≤30 DEG C (D=25 ± 1 DEG C); E>30 DEG C (E=30 ± 1 DEG C); F=35 ± 1 DEG C.Get culture dish (8cm) 30 overlap, with absorbent cotton shop fixtures (one deck), lid blotting paper (filter paper), instillation distilled water to saturated, on filter paper, evenly polygonum capitatum seed is often paid culture dish and is put 50 on row, puts into constant incubator.Often organize test 5 repetition, by kind 250.By method 1 record.
(2) results and analysis
1, the form of seed: achene is wrapped in the perianth of white clear, surperficial pitchy, glossy, in triangular pyramid, long 0.90mm ~ 1.32mm, wide 0.50mm ~ 0.72mm.Have 1, seed in fruit, three prismatic are avette, long 0.7mm ~ 0.8mm, wide 0.4mm ~ 0.6mm, surperficial puce, tool kind hole, base portion tool hilum.Endosperm white, opaque, embryo is little, bending, cotyledon 2 pieces.The average thousand kernel weight 0.96g of achene of gathering November, 8,9,10, November the average thousand kernel weight of achene of gathering be 0.95g.From (table 4) can find out gather for 8 ~ November polygonum capitatum thousand grain weigth, begin see germinating time, germination rate, germination vigor are without significant difference.
Table 4: the thousand kernel weight of Different Harvesting Time polygonum capitatum seed and the situation of sprouting statistical form
| Collecting time | Thousand kernel weight (g) | Begin to see germinating time | Germination rate (%) | Germination vigor (%) |
| 08 month | 0.9283 | 7th day | 78 | 72.7 |
| 09 month | 0.9593 | 7th day | 76.7 | 68.7 |
| October | 0.9596 | 7th day | 74.7 | 67.3 |
| November | 0.9642 | 7th day | 82 | 76 |
| On average | 0.9529 | 7 days | 77.9 | 71.2 |
Note: the temperature 15 ~ 25 DEG C surveying germination rate.
2, the storage of seed and the life-span
(1) packaging material are on the impact of polygonum capitatum percentage of seedgermination: from table 5 relatively, and pack with the kraft paper bag that the cotton bag of good air permeability is poor with using gas permeability and preserve polygonum capitatum seed, its germination rate is without significant difference.Illustrate that the germination rate of the gas permeability difference enemy flower knotweed seed of packaging material does not make significant difference.
Table 5: the germination rate that seed cotton bag and kraft paper bag are packed and u-test result
(2) storage environment and time are on the impact of polygonum capitatum percentage of seedgermination: from table 6 and Fig. 1, and under different storage environment, its germination rate, along with the prolongation of storage time, presents different downward trends.Decline wherein under room temperature condition is the fastest, linearly decline, the germination rate preserved 12 months have dropped 3.2% than former germination rate, through u-test, difference is not remarkable, and the germination rate preserving 18 months, 24 months have dropped 15.8%, 27.2% respectively, and difference reaches pole significance level, preserve 30 months, germination rate just reduces to zero.Before showing that polygonum capitatum seed at room temperature preserves 12 months, its germination rate is not decreased significantly, and storage is when reaching 18 months, and germination rate just has and declines very significantly, within 30 months, is its end-of-life time.Be stored in the inner germination rate of refrigerator (2 ~ 3 DEG C) to decline in more stable curve.Germination rate when preserving 12 months, 18 months have dropped 0.5%, 1.8% respectively, and through u-test, difference is remarkable, and the germination rate preserving 24 months, 30 months all have dropped 10.5%, and difference reaches significance level.Show that polygonum capitatum seed was preserved before 18 months in refrigerator, its germination rate does not significantly reduce, and when storage reaches 24 months, germination rate is just decreased significantly.Be stored in the curved decline of germination rate in drier.Preserve the germination rate of 24 months through u-test, difference is remarkable, and germination rate when preserving 30 months have dropped 24.5%, and difference reaches pole significance level.Show that polygonum capitatum seed was preserved before 24 months in drier, its germination rate is not all decreased significantly, and when storage reaches 30 months, germination rate just significantly declines.
Table 6: the germination rate of polygonum capitatum seed under different storage environment and u-test result
Note: seed cotton bag is packed.
In sum, germination rate and the life-span of the gas permeability difference enemy flower knotweed seed of packaging material do not affect significantly, but there are remarkable impact storage environment and time on its germination rate and life-span.The life-span of polygonum capitatum seed in room temperature environment is 30 months, and dry or low temperature environment can extend its life-span.In addition in complementary testing, have been found that when refrigerator temperature is at 0 ~ 1 DEG C, 1 ~ 2 DEG C, in its result and upper table 6,2 ~ 3 DEG C of refrigerated conditions comes to the same thing, but time in the refrigerator at 4 ~ 5 DEG C, when 24 months and 30 months, germination rate still can reach more than 25%; Surprisingly, when temperature is higher than more than 6 DEG C, such as, during 6 ~ 7 DEG C, 8 ~ 9 DEG C, 10 ~ 12 DEG C investigations, when 24 months and 30 months, germination rate was all below 17%.Extremely beneficial when preserving under being presented at the condition of 4 ~ 5 DEG C thus.Therefore, in the arbitrary embodiment of the present invention, polygonum capitatum seed preserves under the condition of 4 ~ 5 DEG C.
3, the Germination characteristics of seed
(1) polygonum capitatum seed is without hibernation feature, easily germinates.Namely September adopt and namely broadcast, and within the 8th day, starts to germinate (see table 7).Seed mainly concentrates in first 5 days to be sprouted, and the duration of germinateing is 16 days.Polygonum capitatum seed has maturing stage inconsistent characteristic, during seed collecting, and whole infructescence of should not gathering.Field difficulty is shown in polygonum capitatum seedling, relevant with natural environment discomfort.Want to make it sprout, artificially must create suitable condition.
Table 7: the germination result of separate sources polygonum capitatum seed
(2) factor of seed germination is affected
1. temperature is on the impact of polygonum capitatum seed sprouting: in table 8.As can be seen from the statistics of table 8, the germination impact of temperature on polygonum capitatum seed is larger.
Table 8: temperature is on the impact of polygonum capitatum seed germination and the significance of difference
| Sequence number | Temperature (DEG C) | Germination required time (d) | Germinate the duration (d) | Germination vigor (%) | Germination rate (%) |
| 1 | 5 | Have no germination |
| 2 | 10 | 18A | 11a | 38.7C | 88.0A |
| 3 | 15 | 11B | 9b | 85.3A | 93.3A |
| 4 | 20 | 5D | 9b | 82.0A | 93.3A |
| 5 | 25 | 4D | 9b | 83.3A | 92.7A |
| 6 | 30 | 4D | 9b | 68.0B | 92.7A |
| 7 | 35 | 4D | 8b | 18.7D | 2 |
Note: the different upper case and lower case alphabets after data show the significance of difference in a=0.01 and a=0.05 level.
The temperature variant situation of germination required time (see Fig. 2: temperature is on the impact of polygonum capitatum seed sprouting required time) of polygonum capitatum seed.Polygonum capitatum seed has no germination below 5 DEG C.Start when reaching 10 DEG C to germinate.The germination required time that temperature is 15 DEG C, 20 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 30 DEG C, 35 DEG C from 10 DEG C of risings is respectively 18d, 11d, 5d, 4d, 4d, 4d.Analysis of variance, difference reaches significance level.Illustrate that the germinating time of temperature on polygonum capitatum seed has significant impact: when temperature lower (≤15 DEG C), the sprouting of polygonum capitatum seed can be postponed significantly, when 20 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C, then all have no significant effect its germination required time, germination required time is 4 ~ 5d.
The germination duration temperature variant situation (see Fig. 3: temperature is on the impact of polygonum capitatum seed sprouting duration) of polygonum capitatum seed.The germination duration that temperature is 15 DEG C, 20 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 30 DEG C, 35 DEG C from 10 DEG C of risings is 11d, 9d, 9d, 9d, 9d, 8d.Analysis of variance, difference reaches significance level.Illustrate that there is remarkable impact the germination duration of temperature on polygonum capitatum seed: when temperature lower (10 DEG C), the germination duration of meeting significant prolongation polygonum capitatum seed; When 15 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C, then do not make significant difference to its duration of germinateing, the germination duration is 8 ~ 9d.
The temperature variant situation of germination vigor (see Fig. 4: temperature is on the impact of polygonum capitatum potentiality of seed) of polygonum capitatum seed.Being respectively from 5 DEG C of risings germination vigor that is 10 DEG C, 15 DEG C, 20 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 30 DEG C, 35 DEG C is 0,38.7%, 85.3%, 82.0%, 83.3%, 68.0%, 18.7%.Analysis of variance, difference reaches significance level.Illustrate that the germination vigor of variations in temperature on polygonum capitatum seed has remarkable impact: when temperature lower (10 DEG C) or higher (>=30 DEG C) can make its germination vigor significantly decline, be unfavorable for the sprouting of polygonum capitatum seed; Temperature 15 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C time, does not then make significant difference to its germination vigor, and germination vigor is 82.0% ~ 85.3%.
The temperature variant situation of germination rate (see Fig. 5: temperature is on the impact of polygonum capitatum percentage of seedgermination) of polygonum capitatum seed.The germination rate being 10 DEG C, 15 DEG C, 20 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 30 DEG C, 35 DEG C from 5 DEG C of risings is respectively 0,88.0%, 93.3%, 93.3%, 92.7%, 92.7%, 23.3%.Analysis of variance, difference reaches significance level.Show that the germination rate of the change of temperature on polygonum capitatum seed has significant impact: when then not germinateing in temperature≤5 DEG C; When reaching 35 DEG C, germination rate reduces rapidly; Temperature 10 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C time, does not then make significant difference to its germination rate, and germination rate is 88.0% ~ 93.3%.
As can be seen from Fig. 6 (under different temperatures, the germination of polygonum capitatum seed within the germination cycle is dynamic); When 20 DEG C, 25 DEG C, 30 DEG C, polygonum capitatum seed after germination within 2 days, reach germination peak period; When 15 DEG C, it is the 3rd day; When 10 DEG C, 35 DEG C, 6 talentes are needed to reach germination peak period.
2. light is on the impact of polygonum capitatum seed germination: as seen from Table 9, illumination on needed for the germinating time of polygonum capitatum seed and germination rate without impact.But there is remarkable impact to germination duration and germination vigor, shorten 4 days than the contrast at dark place respectively and exceed 50.6%.Through u-test, difference is extremely remarkable.
Table 9: light is on the impact (25 DEG C) of polygonum capitatum seed germination
Polygonum capitatum seed can be sprouted 10 DEG C and 35 DEG C, shows that its adaptability is very strong.But optimum temperature is 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C.Germination required time is 4 ~ 5d, the germination duration is 9d, germination vigor is 82% ~ 83.3% and germination rate 92.7% ~ 93.3%.The sprouting of light to polygonum capitatum seed has significant facilitation.
After medicinal material of polygonum capilalum GAP in 2006 certification, continue to have carried out observational study to the seed biological features of polygonum capitatum, result shows that polygonum capitatum is based on sexual propagation (seminal propagation), and research sums up polygonum capitatum seed and has following features:
(1) polygonum capitatum seed (achene) is less, and be usually coated in the perianth deposited place, pure thousand grain weigth is between 0.84g ~ 0.95g.
(2) polygonum capitatum seed storage environment and time have a significant impact its germination rate, and with the packaging bags storage that air capacity of soils is good under normal temperature laboratory, in 1 year, germination rate is without marked change; But during by 18 months, its germination rate just has and declines very significantly, does not then germinate to when 30 months; If at refrigerator cold-storage storage (0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C), when 24 months, its germination rate is still without marked change.Therefore suggestion production kind can take common seed storage method, storage time is 1 year, can not with the old kind sowing more than 18 months; Original seed is preserved can adopt refrigerated storage (0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C).
(3) polygonum capitatum seed is little, and Emergence is weak, sows appropriate to the occasion mixed with fine earth by seed (1:100 ~ 200) and broadcasts sowing; After planting can not earthing.
(4) temperature is one of factor very crucial in the sprouting of polygonum capitatum seed.All can normally germinate within the scope of 15 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, its optimal temperature is 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, lower than 15 DEG C or equal unsuitable higher than 30 DEG C.
(5) humidity is also one of factor very crucial in the sprouting of polygonum capitatum seed.Polygonum capitatum after planting keeps ambient humidity particularly important, and when air humidity reaches 80%, polygonum capitatum seed germination is good.After planting still should keep seedbed soil table humidity by lid mulch film.
(6) sprouting of polygonum capitatum seed requires tight to soil matrix, but loose, fertile sandy loam is conducive to the growth of seedling, is especially beneficial to the growth of root system.
Inventor is in other test, carry out the comparative study of seed treatment: through the polygonum capitatum seed germination experiment of different disposal method whether (deflorate by), result of study finds, polygonum capitatum extraseminal persitent perianth sheet has significant inhibitory action (see table 10) to its sprouting, therefore, in actual production, polygonum capitatum seed should remove tepal.
Table 10: different disposal method polygonum capitatum seed quality information slip
embodiment 5: polygonum capitatum seed characteristics, seed testing and corresponding seed quality criteria research B---seed testing and seed matter
amount
The method of inspection
1, sample: perform by GB/T3543.2 crop seeds detection method.
2, cleanliness analysis: perform by GB/T3543.3 crop seeds detection method.
3, thousand kernel weight measures: measure by GB/T3543.7 crop seeds inspection code sundry item inspection gravimetry.
4, determination of moisture: perform by GB/T3543.6 crop seeds detection method.
5, germination test: perform by GB/T3543.4 crop seeds detection method.The germination test of polygonum capitatum makes paper bed with filter paper or blotting paper, and pH value is 6.0 ~ 7.5, and temperature is carried out under 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C conditions.In the clean seed mixed, number gets 150 seeds, is a repetition, repeats 3 times with 50.
6, Purity: perform by GB/T3543.5 crop seeds detection method item.
Seed quality is investigated
The present inventor is through the practice of long-term R & D and manufacture, and we have worked out polygonum capitatum seed quality in conjunction with reality, to meet the demand of follow-up plantation and Seed storage.
Such as, polygonum capitatum seed is divided into 3 ranks, in table 11, seed can be used according to actual production demand according to 3 ranks.
Table 11: polygonum capitatum seed quality
Like this, by above indices be the foundation dividing polygonum capitatum seed quality rank.Such as testing result has an index not reach requirement, then reduce to next rank, and detection does not reach primary standard and reduces to secondary, does not reach secondary seed and reduces to three grades of seeds, do not reach three grades of seeds and be defective seed.Prohibit the use defective planting seed, and the requirement of first order seed should be met as Seed storage seed.
Inventor finds in further research, the production seed that 2006 ~ 2010 years breeding gardens are received, and within 2006, being 70.8kg, 2007 is 72.5kg, within 2008, is 74.6kg, within 2009, is 78.7kg, within 2010, is 80.5kg; Its thousand grain weigth is 0.84g ~ 0.93g, and germination rate is 86% ~ 97%, conforms to above-mentioned result of study, and other test ratings such as moisture, cleanliness etc. all meet above-mentioned requirements.
embodiment 6: A is studied in the rejuvenation of polygonum capitatum fine-variety breeding and stock breeding construction of base---fine-variety breeding rejuvenation object is anticipated
justice
(1) definition of breeding
The kind (or provenance) that polygonum capitatum breeding refers to containing more active ingredient, can obtain higher yield per unit area, have stronger disease and insect resistance and resistance ability.Polygonum capitatum breeding is the prerequisite of producing excellent medicinal material of polygonum capilalum, in whole medicinal material of polygonum capilalum is produced, have very important status, and it is the large important topic faced during the standardization of current medicinal material of polygonum capilalum is produced.The improved seeds of polygonum capitatum are material base according to its medical active and biological property, select Part Wild type, carry out domesticating and cultivating for many years, again through long-term cultivation and artificial selection, make its inheritance towards high-quality, high yield and higher resistance directional variance, create new feature, the kind that there is certain features, adapt to certain environment condition and cultivation condition finally selected.
(2) fine-variety breeding rejuvenation object
The target of polygonum capitatum fine-variety breeding: the target first considered is that the improved seeds of polygonum capitatum must containing more active ingredient, the leaching rate, quercetin content, general flavone content etc. of medicinal material of polygonum capilalum can carry out seed selection for index under present condition; Secondly be the polygonum capitatum breed breeding of higher root yield, it is the internal factor obtaining higher yield per unit area; The damage by disease and insect of polygonum capitatum constitutes serious threat to its root yield and quality, many employing chemical control methods and measure of biotic control in current production, but chemical control is easily developed immunity to drugs, using chemical pesticide in a large number easily produces residue of pesticide simultaneously, the cost of biological control method is also higher, and therefore the breading for pest resistance of polygonum capitatum has become important breeding objective.
(3) meaning of fine-variety breeding rejuvenation
Polygonum capitatum improved seeds are significant in production, are embodied in:
1, high yield fine can be increase the yield per unit area, and increases planting benefit.The medicinal material of polygonum capilalum market price is not high, transfer medicinal herb grower's enthusiasm for production, must improve its planting benefit.By cultivate polygonum capitatum high yield improved seeds be the most substantially, the most reliable, most economical effective increasing both production and income measure, be also protection wild resource, ensure the important channel of market supply.
2, fine quality can improve the quality of products.Product quality comprises traditional commodity property and requires and modern active constituent content.Leaching rate, quercetin content, general flavone equal size height is particularly important to the production of raw medicine based on effective component extracting.
3, the polygonum capitatum breeding of high-output stress-resistance is the basic assurance that production of crude drugs obtains high yield, stable yields continuously.Anti-adversity ability mainly comprises disease and insect resistance, cold resistance, heat resistance, Flood resistance, resists saline and alkaline and lodging resistance etc.The polygonum capitatum of strong stress resistance, its Suitable planting area is wide, is conducive at different regions Demonstration And Extension.
4, improved seeds can meet and produce that upper quality of medicinal material is stable, reliable request.Polygonum capitatum is distributed more widely, but the areal variation of its quality is comparatively large, it is all grass herb simultaneously, and Habitat producing drying cost is higher, adopt the improved seeds of Major Economic neat and consistent, produce according to standardized planting technical requirement and just can guarantee that quality of medicinal material is stable, reliable.
embodiment 7: B is studied in the rejuvenation of polygonum capitatum fine-variety breeding and stock breeding construction of base---fine-variety breeding is studied
(1) collection of germ plasm resource, arrangement and qualification
1, the collection of Germplasm Resource Investigation and material: according to breeding objective, the wild and cultivation polygonum capitatum starting material of focal investigation and the national each major production areas of collection.Go deep into the polygonum capitatum main producing regions such as Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangxi and carry out wild provenance on-site inspection collection, the germ plasm resource of the wild and cultivation polygonum capitatum of collection different regions, varying environment and medicinal material sample, preserve in germ plasm resource Planting in the different location preservation garden and seed bank, for the researchs such as fine provenance seed selection and rejuvenation provide abundant material.
(1) investigation and the collection germplasm materials time: fresh and alive plant is suitable for 4-7 month collection, and seed and medicinal material sample are suitable for the 8-10 month to be collected.
(2) investigation content and method:
1. the growing environment of polygonum capitatum and COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS investigation.
2. the collection of polygonum capitatum different regions plant: introduce a fine variety plant alive, research infraspecies taxonomy unit etc., set up germplasm resource bank.
3. polygonum capitatum seed collection: the polygonum capitatum seed gathering different regions, different niches, providing provenance for introducing a fine variety selection, building germplasm resource bank.
4. medicinal material of polygonum capilalum sample collection: the medicinal material of polygonum capilalum gathering different regions, different niches, for chemical composition comparative studies, DNA molecular marker research etc. provide material.
5. polygonum capitatum on the spot soil sample collection: the soil mainly taking medicinal material of polygonum capilalum sample collection ground, the relation of research quality of medicinal material and soil and polygonum capitatum grow the soil characteristics of region.
6. the field investigation of polygonum capitatum damage by disease and insect: understand different geographical wild polygonum capitatum damage by disease and insect situation, for the prevention and controls of research land for growing field crops polygonum capitatum damage by disease and insect provides reference.
(3) arrangement of Germplasms: the polygonum capitatum Germplasms collected should be sorted out in time, classify according to features such as form, phenology, output, resistances, and register into starting material card, its content comprises: numbering, botanical name, kind (or provenance) title, habitat, flowering stage, fruiting period, fructescence, cycle of growing, Cultural technique, local competition situation, collection place, date etc.
2, the qualification of germ plasm resource: according to the requirement of breeding objective, carries out objectively, accurately and comprehensively identifying to polygonum capitatum Germplasms at different times.Mainly contain:
(1) field test: the observation that polygonum capitatum carries out field vegetative period is recorded.
(2) indoor qualification: in indoor species test or with its active constituent content of Instrumental Analysis, the inherent qualities etc. such as extract content, quercetin content, general flavone content.
(3) INDIRECTLY IDENTIFIED: when material is little, when not possessing for avoiding the instrument destroying polygonum capitatum material or needs, can carry out INDIRECTLY IDENTIFIED, as estimated its yielding ability etc. according to individual plant harvest index.
(4) qualification is brought out: make it morbidity to identify its disease resistance etc. to polygonum capitatum plant inoculation germ.
(5) strange land qualification: spontaneous qualification is carried out in the area that expert evidence delivers to susceptible disease or in the harsh area of natural conditions to the test that starting material is in addition strict.
(2) method of seed selection
1, single plant method: select multiple individual plant in separate sources initial population, respectively inherent quality and analysis of genetic diversity evaluation are carried out to it, tentatively determine that it is good and bad, with seed seedling-raising or branch cutting nursery, plant into plant or community respectively, observation and comparison is carried out, the strain improved variety selected with plant or community.
2, hybrid selection: by the polygonum capitatum fine individual plant mixed planting chosen, and compare with former main cultivation polygonum capitatum kind, if be really better than former main breed, just can be used for producing.
3, modified method of mixing selection: the polygonum capitatum after Single-plant selection, the polygonum capitatum proterties in some strain or community is basically identical, just these polygonum capitatum strains or community mixing results, can obtain more seed like this.Then Yield compari@and multispots trial is carried out.
4, group's seed selection: in mixing is selected, if colony is too complicated, when being difficult to determine to select which kind of type better, can be several group (provenance) by dissimilar merger respectively, then with group's (provenance) for unit observation and comparison, select excellent group (provenance) for the production of.
(3) program of systematic breeding
1, Germplasm Resources: polygonum capitatum starting material (seed or plant) is planted and observed in detail in Germplasm Resources, grasp its feature and individual variation situation, and carry out Quality analysis and evaluation, carry out analysis of genetic diversity if desired, therefrom select fine individual plant or provenance according to breeding objective, original seed is cultivated in isolation respectively.
2, seed selection and selective nursery: select the polygonum capitatum fine individual plant (or provenance) come to number respectively to Germplasm Resources or representative producing region, autumn or spring in next year then, by strain or community nursery plantation, compare with former main breed, therefrom select excellent, participate in ore grade indexes test in next year, indivedual performance is excellent but also have and be separated, fine individual plant can be selected again by first time method in the uneven plant of plant or community, broadcasts into plant or community continues to compare, and selects.Plantation and management process record should be carried out.Special quality product system can bypass the immediate leadership participation varietal yield test.Polygonum capitatum seed selection work also can directly be carried out at Germplasm Resources.
3, garden is identified: to the polygonum capitatum strain (or provenance) selected through selective nursery, identify the quality of strain (or provenance), comprise the quality of growing way, proterties how, the Primary Evaluation such as output height and quality.According to seed, seedling quantity, community should be large, and establish repetition.Plantation and management process record should be carried out.Think that the excellent strain of performance can rise up into varietal yield test really.
(4) separate sources polygonum capitatum comparative study
1, the object of comparative trial: the quality of cultivar directly has influence on quality of medicinal material quality and output height, thus has influence on the economic benefit of production of crude drugs.The selection of polygonum capitatum provenance adopts comparative variety method, the wild polygonum capitatum choosing Different growing environment is introduced a fine variety, observe contrast and respectively introduce a fine variety the growing state of wild polygonum capitatum a little, diseases and insect pests resistance, output and quality of medicinal material situation, growth selection stalwartness, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, quality of medicinal material is good and fractional yield is higher kind are as provenance.
2, comparative trial
(1) test method: according to the early-stage Study to germ plasm resource, carries out plantation observational study using the Shibing provenance SBLZ2090918 of Pan county provenance PX090808-3, Ke Shu town, Kerry three KL090818-1, Yunnan provenance YN090820-3, YN090820-4, cultivation as comparison other.
Undertaken by polygonum capitatum field planting method.Transplant after 1 month and carry out an intertill and clean tillage, and weed out the rank grass in good time.In 20 days after cuttage, within every 2 days, water once, water weekly once according to weather and soil moisture situation later.Damage by disease and insect based on cultural control, as the measure such as black light lamps, manual catching and killing.Fig. 7 shows comparative trial community and arranges schematic diagram.
Gather about mid-September, select fine day to gather in, extract acrial part (not staying old stem branch) with reaping hook, shrug off earth, claim fresh weight by community immediately, fill in record sheet.Then airing on the spot.Adopt counter sample product and be put in oven dry (less than 60 DEG C) in drying room, take out ambient temperatare and put 24 hours, unification weighs up each sample dry weight, fills in record sheet.Medicinal material sample send quality inspection department to check, and provides survey report after inspection.Vine growth and development situation, the disease resistance of plant, resistance, the adaptability on observed and recorded various kinds ground, and carry out sample prescription survey product, drug effect (index) component content mensuration etc., select the high high-quality polygonum capitatum varieties of plant of effective component content to cultivate as improved seeds.Select robust growth, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, quality of medicinal material is good and fractional yield is higher kind cultivate as provenance.
(2) experimental study: experimental observations is as table 12.From table, the plantation of the polygonum capitatum of separate sources planted under equivalent environment, its Morphological Features can keep certain difference.Reflect from plant average height the advantage come from YN090820-3, YN090820-4 plant growing way of south of Yunnan, its plant floor file thickness is all at more than 19cm.Stem average diameter is higher than the plant of local provenance.In the form of blade, Pan county, Shibing and Kerry provenance plant maximum blade average length are less than 6.5cm, and Breadth Maximum is less than 4cm; The plant maximum blade average length deriving from south of Yunnan provenance is greater than 6.5cm, and Breadth Maximum is greater than 4cm.Without significant difference on vane thickness.Derive from YN090820-3, YN090820-4 of south of Yunnan in damage by disease and insect, also tentatively show certain advantage.
Table 12: comparative trial observes statistical form
Note: on August 16th, 2010 is observed.
The plantation of the polygonum capitatum of separate sources is planted under equivalent environment, carry out survey in picking time to produce, from table 13, 5 source medicinal material fresh goods overall average output are 1360.6kg/ mu (dry medicinal material 262.5kg/ mu), derive from the YN090820-3 of south of Yunnan, YN090820-4 reaches 1406.9kg/ mu (dry medicinal material 284.2kg/ mu) and 1550.5kg/ mu (dry medicinal material 300.8kg/ mu) respectively, provenance SBLZ2090918 is 1395.8kg/ mu (dry medicinal material 268kg/ mu), significant difference ((P>0.05) is not had with overall average, KL090818-1 then with overall average difference extremely significantly (P<0.01).
In table 14, show at the quality measurements of the sample to 5 Different Provenances, at the medicinal material sample comprising stock breeding garden and production demonstration ground that mid-September gathers, its quercetin content level is higher, sample SBLZ2090918 still keeps its merit (P>0.05), except PX090808-3 and overall poor heteropole significantly (P<0.01), all not significantly (P>0.05), quercetin content is more than 0.36% for KL090818-1, YN090820-3, YN090820-4 difference; On Determination of Quercitrin, PX090808-3 difference is still extremely significantly (P<0.01); General flavone content aspect, then preponderate with YN090820-4, KL090818-1, with YN090820-3 and overall poor heteropole remarkable (P<0.01), YN090820-4, KL090818-1 difference remarkable (P>0.05), between 2.250% and 3.101%; Under cultivation condition, gallic acid content, with KL090818-1 content for height, is 0.231%, but compares with natural crude drugs and have larger decline, and be mainly distributed in sprout and leaf different mainly due to Quercetin and general flavone, gallic acid mainly accumulates in old branch; On extract percentage composition, in 5 provenances, SBLZ2090918 shows remarkable extreme difference different (P<0.01), is 24.7%, and all the other provenance differences not obvious (P>0.05), all more than 25%.Above quality measurements illustrates, the production provenance SBLZ2090918 cultivated for 2008, the KL090818-1 of YN090820-3, YN090820-4 and Kerry deriving from Yunnan have quality-advantage, can further investigate further.
Table 13: separate sources polygonum capitatum compares surveys product record
Note: on September 18th, 2010 surveys.
Table 14: comparative test quality of medicinal material detects table
Note: in October, 2010 is detected.
3, brief summary: complex inheritance diversity analysis and small plot experiment are surveyed and produced result, the provenance SBLZ2090918 (former be numbered WMSC2008) cultivated for 2008 is suitable to cultivation kind, the wild provenance KL090818-1 and 2009 year drawing in Kerry three trees for 2009 draws the wild provenance YN090820-3 in Baoshan, Yunnan city, YN090820-4 is at extract, general flavone and quercetin content are all higher, YN090820-3, in YN090820-4 and Guizhou Province, provenance genetic diversity has larger difference, YN090820-3, YN090820-4 genetic variation does not have notable difference, can be used as advantage provenance and cultivate original seed, and carry out relevant compatibility test research.And KL090818-1 needs to investigate its output condition further.
(2) regional test
1, object and meaning: the seed that the fine provenance that utilizes Different Provenances comparative test to select is cultivated carries out the planting experiment of zones of different (Different Altitude, soil type) inside the province, for the layout of medicinal material of polygonum capilalum production base and planning provide foundation.
2, content of the test, method and enforcement ground: with existing cultivation polygonum capitatum fine provenance (WMSC2008, village head's col base, ox large field, Niu great Chang town, Shibing County is cultivated).Select the plot that can represent test region feature in the area of different altitude height, soil type to test in Guizhou.7 test sites are established in this test altogether, as (850 meters, Niu great Chang town, Shibing County, sa loess), Kweiyang improves literature (1200 meters, loess), (1000 meters, Zhong Ping town, the west of Guizhou Province, limestone loess), (1400 meters, Bijie Liang Yan town, brown gravel soil), (1200 meters, Yan Qiao town, Anshun seven, limestone loess), (1800 meters, Yu She township, Shuicheng County, yellow sandy soil), slab bridge town, Pan county plum punching (1700 meters, limestone loess).Each test site area 665 square metres (1 mu).Each test site is carried out according to polygonum capitatum nursery code, plantation code and field management code in Production of Large Fields.
3, results and analysis
The SBLZ20090918 bred in stock breeding garden in 2009 with the production fine provenance of seed selection in 2008 carries out compatibility test for object.In late Febuary, 2010 early March, according to plan in (850 meters, Niu great Chang town, Shibing County, Guizhou, sa loess), improve literature in Kweiyang (1200 meters, loess), (1000 meters, Zhong Ping town, the west of Guizhou Province, sandstone loess), (1400 meters, Bijie Liang Yan town, brown gravel soil), (1200 meters, Yan Qiao town, Anshun seven, limestone loess), (1800 meters, Yu She township, Shuicheng County, yellow sandy soil), slab bridge town, Pan county plum punching (1700 meters, limestone loess) set up test site to carry out nursery, due to the punching of slab bridge town, Pan county plum and (1800 meters, Yu She township, Shuicheng County, yellow sandy soil) affect by severe drought, nursery is unsuccessful, Xixiu District, Jin You Anshun, test site, Liang Yan town, Bijie City, construction village, Zhong Ping town, Qianxi County, Liu Tun township, Xiuwen County, Niu great Chang town 5, Shibing County place.
Table 15: polygonum capitatum compatibility test field observation statistical form (2010.8.)
Affect by various places arid climate and just must transplant in mid-June, 2010.Early August carries out tracing observation, and early September has carried out diagonal five-spot field theory and surveyed and produce, and gathers medicinal material sample and detect.
Experimental field be distributed in the region of height above sea level 850-1400 rice, be farming mellow soil, soil types has sa loess, sandstone loess, loess and brown grit soil.From table 15, growth mid-term early August, plant average branch number between 15-33,5 test site mean values 27.4, experimental field the highest with Yan Qiao town, Xixiu District, Anshun seven, base, construction village, Zhong Ping town, Qianxi County is minimum; All to reflect 5 test sites that growth vigor is excellent with Yan Qiao town, Xixiu District, Anshun seven from the longest branch length, maximum blade length and width and stem average diameter, secondly be Niu great Chang town, Shibing County, Liang Yan town, Bijie City, Xiuwen County, Guiyang, and test site, Zhong Ping town, Qianxi County is poor; In damage by disease and insect, except Niu great Chang test site, Shibing is planted area for many years, find that there is disease and more insect pest, other four points are plants first, does not find disease plant, finds that there is the harm of a small amount of common insect pests.
From table 15, the field observation display in August, follow the tracks of 5 its branch amounts of plant the highest with 33 of the show of west, Anshun, 15, Zhong Ping town, the west of Guizhou Province is minimum, and overall mean is 27; Branch length, the most long shoot bar average length of 5 test site plant is 52.8cm, and each point 5 plant mean values are up to the western elegant 60.7cm of eucalyptus, are secondly the 56.7cm on level ground in the west of Guizhou Province, and the bright rock of minimum Bijie is 47.6cm; In the diameter statistical conditions of plant maximum blade and stem, also show the advantage of Xi Xiu test site, Anshun.Test site damage by disease and insect situation, except some generation in Shibing is heavier, other four points all do not occur or affect not obvious on polygonum capitatum, and it is all plant first that main cause should be four points.Height, maximum blade length and width are added up average site to produce sample ground plant when September gathers to the survey of 5 points, table 15 shows, and test site, Yan Qiao town, Xixiu District, Anshun seven still shows clear superiority, and plant on the spot highly reaches 25.26cm, maximum blade is long 5.18cm on average, wide 2.92cm.Table 16 shows polygonum capitatum compatibility test field observation statistical form (2010.9).
Table 16: polygonum capitatum compatibility test field observation statistical form (2010.9.)
Table 17: polygonum capitatum compatibility test field is surveyed and produced statistical form (2010.9.)
From table 17, Yan Qiao town, Xixiu District, Anshun seven test site per mu yield fresh goods 1221 kilograms in 5 test sites, dry product 254.4 kilograms, Drying rate reaches 20.8%, the large field of Shibing ox, improve literature in Kweiyang, the bright rock of Bijie and 5 some mean values are more all without significant difference (P>0.05), Liang Yan town, Bijie City, the impact that test site, Zhong Ping town, Qianxi County is subject to front and back phase rainfall on the low side, per mu yield is lower than 200 kilograms of dry products, only be respectively 165.7 kilograms and 120.6 kilograms, especially level ground and overall average Yield compari@difference extremely remarkable (P<0.01) in the west of Guizhou Province.
Table 18: polygonum capitatum compatibility test medicinal material detection statistics table
Carrying out quality evaluation to the medicinal material of 5 test sites, have detected quercetin content and Determination of Quercitrin, table 18 shows, and in the medicinal material sample of twice collection, quercetin content all meets provincial standard and inner controlling standard of enterprise, and mean value is more than 0.4%.But the Quercetin of two test site samples that early August gathers and Determination of Quercitrin are all than the height of early September, Yan Qiao town, Xixiu District, Anshun seven test site Quercetin and Determination of Quercitrin to gather in medicinal material September apparently higher than other 4 points, compare without significant difference (P>0.05) with overall average, reach 0.822% and 1.338% respectively, and Xiuwen County, Guiyang, Zhong Ping town, Qianxi County lower, quercetin content is lower than 0.3%, in the west of Guizhou Province, level ground point and overall average comparing difference are significantly (P<0.05), Niu great Chang town, Shibing County and Liang Yan town, Bijie City in normal contents level.
Above Preliminary Experiment explanation, now cultivation kind of a SBLZ20090918 (the former WMSC2008 of being numbered) has stronger adaptability in Shibing planting site, test site, Yan Qiao town, Xixiu District, Anshun seven, two places can be used as the most suitable region of this provenance, can carry out spread; Xiuwen County, Guiyang and Liang Yan town, Bijie City can be used as its Suitable Area, can suitably plant.
embodiment 8: C is studied in the rejuvenation of polygonum capitatum fine-variety breeding and stock breeding construction of base---stock breeding construction of base with
observational study
(1) breading protospecies
1, the selection of original seed farm: the fine provenance WMSC2008 through filtering out, has stronger adaptability to soil types and environment.For ensureing to cultivate the kind of original seed, preventing biology to mix with people for mixing, to select away from polygonum capitatum planting area and without the wild region belonging to kindred plant together, with on the sunny side, ventilate, yellow loam that water source is secure is advisable, original seed farm area is about 300m
2.Around garden, set up fence prevents poultry from entering.
2, the determination of maternal plant and cutting: select May the plant of the anosis worm of excellent health as maternal plant or the source as cutting from resource conservation garden.Cutting should meet following standard.
3, the preparation of cutting: more than clip tool 3 joint, be about the stem branch of 6-10cm as cutting, every stem cutting fringe stays 1 piece of blade, being placed on by polygonum capitatum cottage cutting standard (trying) requirement (table 19) classification is equipped with in the plastic basin of clear water, prevent cuttings dehydration, affect cuttage survival rate.
Table 19: polygonum capitatum cottage cutting standard (trying)
4, wholely: choosing in plot, plough deeply soil 20cm, weed a garden, the foreign material such as stone, after breaking up the clods, drag for into the bed of wide 1m, high 10cm with hoe, the operation wide 40cm in road, the every even 2000kg of spreading well-rotted farmyard manure per mu and 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 20kg make base fertilizer subsequently, and mix in conjunction with whole soil and bed surface soil, then strike off bed surface with scraper plate.
5, cottage method: be 15cm × 15cm by cutting density, with the small wooden thicker than cuttings, inserts the hole that dark about 2.5cm is dark, then inserts cutting, inserted the saturating clear water of rear spray, taken plastic canopy, and shelter from heat or light with the sunshade net that light transmittance is 70% in bed surface.
6, field management:
1. spray water: before taking root, every day sprays with watering can, water keeps nursery ground moistening.
2. weed out the rank grass: pull out the weeds in seedbed at any time, keep the clean of seedbed.
3. aeration-cooling: when temperature of shed reaches 30 DEG C, to open the two ends of canopy, strengthen ventilating in canopy, reduce temperature of shed and relative moisture, prevent high temperature from burning the generation of seedling and disease.
4. draining: deep-cut drain ditch in surrounding, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 40cm, drainage waterlogging prevention.Clear up the railway carriage or compartment ditch in nursery between canopy and canopy simultaneously, rainwater can unimpededly be entered in surrounding ditch to external drainage.
5. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the damage by disease and insect between nursery stage adheres to the principle of relying mainly on prevention, notes ventilating in canopy, prevents damage by disease and insect from invading; Find that insect pest is eliminated with artificial; Find that disease pulls out diseased plant, and carry out soil disinfection with lime.
6. canopy is taken off: cuttage, after 10 days, takes off canopy.
7. field planting: the last week, removes sunshade net, and minimizing is watered.Inspection survives situation, and thinning makes density be 30cm × 30cm.Remove weak seedling, band soil was mended and was planted field planting strong sprout.
8. impurity elimination roguing and prevent from mixing: plant original seed farm [clonal selection breeding] with the method for plant division or cuttage and seedling culture, strengthens quarantine measures, field liquid manure and pest management, and impurity elimination roguing in time.
(7) collect seed: namely late July enters initial bloom stage, gathers 1000 ~ 2000 grams, full, pure seed the 8-11 month in time as original seed in batches.
(8) detect in garden observation and quality of medicinal material: gather garden traditional Chinese medicine, censorship, observes the stability of its quality.
(2) stock breeding construction of base
1, the purpose and meaning of breeding strange land isolation breeding trial: the comparatively strong but feature that is easy Hybridization and degeneration between Different Provenances according to polygonum capitatum adaptability, carry out breeding away from main producing region isolation to the fine provenance selected, to ensure the purity that production is planted, prevent the fast degradation of provenance, extend breeding life cycle.
2, the selection in stock breeding base: should select to be separated by with polygonum capitatum planting site more than 500m with preventing the requirement polygonum capitatum stock breeding of assorted pure keeping according to polygonum capitatum pollination feature and stock breeding, be in highland, weather gage, do not have polygonum capitatum to plant history, and have thick forest can effectively isolate to prevent to mix and go here and there the central plot of powder with polygonum capitatum planting site.
3, Breeding base area is determined: according to plantation development plan, be about 15kg by every mu of seed collecting field mature seed of can gathering, every mu of land for growing field crops needs transplanted seedling about 12000 strain, with seed thousand 0.95g, emergence rate 90%, planting percent 40%, calculates stock breeding field area.
4, the facility requirements of Breeding base:
(1) isolation facility: periphery arbor forest land, in community corn isolation strip.
(2) water drainage facility is irrigated: pond, drain ditch.
(3) extermination of disease and insect pest: integrated control facility.
(4) traffic: road equipment.
(5) farmyard manure harmless treatment facility: make compost hole.
(6) handling facility: establish personal management, gives examination training to keeper.
(3) management in stock breeding base and seed produces
1, original seed and breading protospecies: on the basis of observation and comparison test, growth selection stalwartness in storehouse, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, the plant of quality of medicinal material is good and fractional yield is higher provenance or seed is preserved at Germplasm Resources or seed sample, carry out cuttage, plant division or seed seedling-raising, nurture the original seed of original seed about 500 ~ 1000g as breeding garden building original seed farm isolator.Should note taking measures to prevent biology from mixing and mechanical admixture.
2, nursery: adopt raise seedling in greenhouse or land for growing field crops shed nursery, the same booth such as its seedling-cultivating method, field management etc. or land for growing field crops shed seedling-cultivating method.Seedlings growing area 200-300m
2, high-quality seedling 20-30 ten thousand strain is provided.Table 20 depicts breeding WMSC2008 propagation nursery in 2010 and observes and detect data statistics result.
Table 20:2010 breeding WMSC2008 propagation nursery is observed and detects data statistics
3, transplanting and field management: with polygonum capitatum field-transplanting method and field management method.Note carrying out field observation, timely removal of impurities pure keeping.
4, the gathering and preserving of seed: gather mature seed in the 9-11 month, dry, impurity elimination, cloth bag saves backup.Concrete grammar is: left hand holds a shallow bid, and (diameter is about 10cm, dark 4-5cm), shallow bid being stretched in head infructescence starts loose, the tepal that seed place is deposited becomes white, bottom bag angiocarp crucial point is cyan infructescence, gently infructescence is pinched with hand thumb and forefinger, make seed fall within dish, then put indoor and dry in the shade.Producing with planting after drying, rubbing with hand rubbing, winnowing with a dustpan deflorates is waited impurity, then loads cloth bag and puts the place's preservation of indoor seasoning cool place, note rat preservative and damage by worms, and avoiding specific admixture for non-production purposes with other.
5, sample detecting: regularly (monthly) collection medicinal material sample carries out detection analysis, and its mass change situation of tracing observation, makes the evaluation of provenance in time.As on September 20th, 2010, the survey carried out in garden breeding WMSC2008 was produced its output and is reached 268Kg/ mu, and sample detects, and its medicinal material quercetin content reaches 0.533%.
Claims (1)
1. the plantation mating system of Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatum, it comprises the following steps:
I () polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource Planting in the different location preserves the construction in garden,
(ii) process with seed is bred in the plantation of polygonum capitatum, and
(iii) plantation of polygonum capitatum is carried out with the seed of step (ii);
It is characterized in that:
The method that described polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource Planting in the different location preserves the construction in garden comprises the following steps:
A, germ plasm resource are collected, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) provenance is selected: select the wild polygonum capitatum of different ecological environment to introduce a fine variety in the main area of polygonum capitatum;
(2) wild seed collection: on the well-grown typical sample ground of selected polygonum capitatum, select the plant that health is disease-free, shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red, as seed collecting plant; By the ripening fruits of hand getting collection polygonum capitatum, load in ventilative good seed collecting bag, naturally dry, rub the tepal removing white clear with the hands, load kraft paper bag, put in refrigerator and preserve;
(3) fresh and alive plant gathers and selectes with cultivating plants: select healthy disease-free, that shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red plant to be with soil to dig out at seed collecting sample, move into Germ-plasma resources protection garden and cultivate;
(4) detect sample collection and collection of specimens to make: extract polygonum capitatum fresh goods and dry at seed collecting sample rapidly or dry, preservation in the sample sack loading sealing, for detecting its quality; Take at seed collecting sample the whole plant being with root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, make exsiccata, to carry out species identification;
B, Germ-plasma resources protection garden are built, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of Germplasm Resources: choose never planted polygonum capitatum and with around polygonum capitatum planting site isolated leeward, have the plot of source of irrigation water on the sunny side, and height above sea level is the forest land of 700 ~ 1000m, set up germ plasm resource and deposit garden, and be divided into mutually isolated difference plantation community;
(2) plant: the fresh and alive plant gathered is planted in the plantation garden district dug respectively by the spacing in the rows of 30cm × 30cm, line-spacing, draw garden district and plant schematic diagram and perform mark;
(3) production of hybrid seeds: fully keep apart in plant blossom Qian Jiang community and other community, seed of gathering 8 ~ November, saves backup after dry impurity elimination;
(4) building garden results and analysis: by selecting Germplasm Resources, plantation and production of hybrid seeds process above, analyzing building garden result, to obtain best germ plasm resource;
C, seed storage: under the temperature condition of 4 ~ 5 ° of C will obtain polygonum capitatum seed storage, with do original seed preserve or for sowing;
The plantation of described polygonum capitatum is bred and is comprised the following steps by the processing method of seed:
(1) observe seed characteristics be suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding to obtain, it comprises at least one following steps: perform cleanliness analysis by GB/T3543.3 crop seeds detection method; Carry out gravimetric analysis by the inspection of GB/T3543.7 crop seeds inspection procedure sundry item, measure thousand kernel weight; Determination of moisture is performed by GB/T3543.6 crop seeds detection method; Germination test is performed to measure germination rate by GB/T3543.4 crop seeds detection method;
(2) storage of seed: be loaded on being suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding in ventilative good kraft paper bag or cotton bag, and tighten sack, then put refrigerated storage at ° C temperature of 4 ° of C ~ 5; Using the polygonum capitatum seed collection time as storage initial time, with germination rate and/or germination vigor for index is according to the basic storage period of storage object determination seed, storage period is no more than 3 years;
(3) planting seed and polygonum capitatum plantation: before seed is sowed, the perianth that seed place is deposited is removed, under 20 ° of C ~ 25 ° C and natural lighting condition, seed is sowed, make seed sprouting, carry out the plantation of polygonum capitatum.
2. the plantation mating system of Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatum according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described each provenance be in Guizhou Province, Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province, Chongqing City or Hunan Province domestic.
3. the plantation mating system of Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fresh and alive plant gathers to be selected in operation with cultivating plants, select the well-grown typical sample ground of polygonum capitatum in different regions, record its state of ecological environment, and select healthy disease-free, that shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red plant band soil to dig out, often gather the strain of fresh and alive plant at least 30, be put in vasculum and take back, move into Germ-plasma resources protection garden.
4. the plantation mating system of Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fresh and alive plant gathers to be selected in operation with cultivating plants, that experiment and demonstration base polygonum capitatum plants large Tanaka, the polygonum capitatum plant that growth selection is good or comparatively have the plant of stable variation features, observed and recorded its growth and Morphological Features; Be with soil to dig out plant, be put in vasculum and take back, move into Germ-plasma resources protection garden.
5. the plantation mating system of Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatum according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when wherein carrying out detecting the operation that sample collection and collection of specimens make, described oven dry is at 60 ° of below C, forced air drying.
6. the plantation mating system of Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatum according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein carries out at 60 ° of below C after detection sample collection, forced air drying; After preparation of specimen's sample collection, press-in is placed with the specimen holder of blotting paper, dries or dries in the shade.
7. the plantation mating system of Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatum according to claim 1, is characterized in that, wherein the storage of seed is refrigerated storage at ° C temperature of 4 ° of C ~ 5, and storage period is no more than 2 years.
8. the plantation mating system of Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, wherein the plantation of (ii) polygonum capitatum is bred in the step (1) with the process of seed, and the cleanliness of described seed is greater than or equal to 85%.
9. the plantation mating system of Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, wherein the plantation of (ii) polygonum capitatum is bred in the step (1) with the process of seed, and the germination rate of described seed is greater than or equal to 75%.
10. the plantation mating system of Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, wherein the plantation of (ii) polygonum capitatum is bred in the step (1) with the process of seed, and the thousand kernel weight of described seed is greater than or equal to 0.80g.
The plantation mating system of 11. Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatums according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, wherein the plantation of (ii) polygonum capitatum is bred in the step (1) with the process of seed, and the moisture of described seed is less than or equal to 12%.
The plantation mating system of 12. Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatums according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the plantation of wherein said (ii) polygonum capitatum is bred in the step (1) with the process of seed, what obtained is suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding, this seed cleanliness is greater than or equal to 85%, germination rate is greater than or equal to 75%, thousand kernel weight is greater than or equal to 0.80g, moisture is less than or equal to 12%.
The plantation mating system of 13. Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatums according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the plantation of wherein said (ii) polygonum capitatum is bred in the step (3) with the process of seed, seed is mixed with fine earth broadcast sowing during sowing, after planting not earthing.
The plantation mating system of 14. Relinqing Granula medicinal material Polygonum capitatums according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the plantation of wherein said (ii) polygonum capitatum is bred in the step (3) with the process of seed, and sowing bonnet mulch film is to keep seedbed soil table humidity.
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