CN103460933A - Treatment method of seeds for planting and breeding of polygonum capitatum of Relinqing particle medicinal materials - Google Patents
Treatment method of seeds for planting and breeding of polygonum capitatum of Relinqing particle medicinal materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a treatment method of seeds for planting and breeding of polygonum capitatum of Relinqing particle medicinal materials, particularly to a construction method of a different-place planting conservation nursery of germplasm resources of the polygonum capitatum of the Relinqing particle original medicinal materials. The construction method comprises the following steps of germplasm resource collection which comprises the following steps of provenance selection, wild seed collection, fresh and alive plant collection and cultivated plant selection and detected sample collection and specimen collection and production; germplasm resource conservation nursery construction which comprises the following steps of selection, planting, seed production and nursery construction results and analyses of the germplasm resource nursery; seed storage which comprises storing the obtained polygonum capitatum seeds under the normal temperature or low temperature condition for original seed preservation or seeding. According to the treatment method of the seeds for the planting and breeding of the polygonum capitatum of the Relinqing particle medicinal materials, a good medicinal material supply method is provided for the polygonum capitatum of the Relinqing particle original medicinal materials.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medicinal material planting technology field.Relate to a kind of method of planting polygonum capitatum, particularly relate to the clear particle of heat pouring and breed the processing method with seed with the plantation of crude drug polygonum capitatum.
Background technology
The former plant of polygonum capitatum is polygonaceae (Polygonaceae) Polygonum (Polygonum) plant polygonum capitatum (Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don).Its medicinal part is acrial part or herb, using fresh herb or dry using; Recorded in " Guizhou Province's traditional Chinese medicine, national quality of medicinal material standard " (version in 2003).
Polygonum capitatum bitter, suffering, cool in nature.Return kidney, urinary bladder channel.There is clearing heat and promoting diuresis, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, inducing diuresis for treating strangurtia function.Cure mainly dysentery, pyelonephritis, cystitis, lithangiuria, pelvic infecton, prostatitis, rheumatalgia, injury from falling down, the illness such as sore eczema.
The polygonum capitatum medicinal history is long, begins to be stated from " Guangxi Chinese medicinal herbal " (1963, second), is mainly used in treating rheumatalgia; Within 1977, record in " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " (1977, the first volume), be mainly used in treating dysentery, ephritis, cystitis, lithangiuria etc.; " Miao in Guizhou medical research and exploitation " (1999), " Guizhou Province's traditional Chinese medicine quality standard " (version in 1988) and " Guizhou Province's traditional Chinese medicine, national quality of medicinal material standard " (version in 2003) etc. are all given and being recorded.
Polygonum capitatum is the national folk medicinal herbs most in use, applies very extensive.Its in different regions, different nationalities has different addresses.With the literature survey statistics, polygonum capitatum once had more than 20 another name factually.For example: the four seasons red (" Guizhou Province's traditional Chinese medicine quality standard " version in 1988), himalayan creeper herb (" GUIHAIA register "), the water silk ball, economize fourth grass (" Guizhou Chinese herbal medicine register "), the red acid bar, Gypsophila acutifolia, stone food (" national Chinese herbal medicine compilation "), capitate knotweed herb, Polygonum capitatum Buch (" Guangxi Chinese medicinal herbal "), solar grass (" Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine "), completely red, fire pomegranate grass (" mountain of papers Chinese herbal medicine "), the safflower Chinese violet, straightstalk alpine meadowrue herb, little copper weed, small red grass (" choosing of Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine "), Sorrel, grass stone green pepper, heronsbill (" Yunnan spermatophyte register "), copper mine grass (" Traditional Chinese Medicine in Sichuan will "), the rock buckwheat, blue or green shadow (" Hubei flora ") etc.
Polygonum capitatum is again that multiple ethnic group is medicinal, particularly seedling doctor seedling medicine the most commonly used; Its name is called " Dlob dongd xok " (approximate Chinese phonetic is translated into " searching the gear rope ")." four seasons are red " is the most frequently used herbal medicine name of Guizhou province national folk; Some local ethnic groups of Guizhou also are called " completely red ", " drum fourth bubble " etc.
Guizhou is a multi-national province of living in concentrated communities, and 49 nationalitys such as the Chinese, seedling, Bouyei, Dong are arranged; Wherein maximum with Miao ethnic group, reach more than 400 ten thousand, account for more than 49% of national Miao ethnic group total population.Struggle for existence and production practices along with the ancients of Miao ethnic group, be accompanied by social development, progressively forms and develop into abundant in content and unique Miao ethnic group's medicine.The seedling medicine is the medicine of Miao people's tradition for prevention, treatment and health care; Be that the Miao people passes on cultural assets so far for thousands of years, there is long succession, outstanding national characteristic and region.Guizhou seedling medicine aboundresources, its source relates to autonomic drug, animal drugs and mineral drug.And the polygonum capitatum of special effect the Miao in Guizhou medicinal history is long just, at present research application is comparatively deep seedling medicine again.
The wild polygonum capitatum resource in Guizhou is very abundant, and all there is distribution in the whole province, at Guizhou national folk (particularly Miao ethnic group), is widely used.Since the eighties in last century, the relevant scientific research institutions in Guizhou just are studied its resource, chemistry and drug effect and clinical practice etc., and have researched and developed polygonum capitatum simple seedling medicine preparation " heat is drenched clear particle ".
Although wild polygonum capitatum resource is very abundant, yet in the Chinese medicine preparation industrialization process, accomplish to guarantee from source safe, controlled, the homogeneous of prescribed preparation, expectation is in the traditional Chinese medicine production process, be the seed treatment process, to find a kind of good method to guarantee to plant the quality of medicinal material from the medicinal material source, thereby guarantee the high-quality of medicinal material for preparation production, supply constantly.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to seek the effective planting technology of medicinal material of polygonum capilalum.The inventor preserves the aspects such as the building method in garden and seed treatment and has carried out a large amount of effort from polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource Planting in the different location, and has obtained the result of desirable, the present invention is based on these effort and result and is accomplished.
For this reason, the building method (breeding or the producing method for seed with seed bred in the plantation that can also be interpreted as in the present invention the clear granular raw medicinal material Polygonum capitatum of heat pouring) that first aspect present invention provides the clear particle medicinal material Polygonum capitatum of hot pouring germ plasm resource Planting in the different location to preserve garden, the method comprises the following steps:
A, germ plasm resource are collected, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) select provenance: in the main area of polygonum capitatum, select the wild polygonum capitatum of different ecological environment to be introduced a fine variety;
(2) wild seed collection: on the well-grown typical sample of selected polygonum capitatum ground, select the plant that health is disease-free, shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red, as the seed collecting plant; By the ripening fruits of hand getting collection polygonum capitatum, pack in ventilative good seed collecting bag, naturally dry, rub the tepal that goes white transparent with the hands, the kraft paper bag of packing into, put in refrigerator and preserve;
(3) fresh and alive plant gathers with the cultivation plant selected: on seed collecting sample ground, select healthy plant band soil disease-free, that shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red to dig out, move into germplasm resource conservation garden and cultivated;
(4) detecting sample collection makes with collection of specimens: extract the polygonum capitatum fresh goods on seed collecting sample ground and dry rapidly or dry, the interior preservation of the sample sack of the sealing of packing into, with for detection of its quality; Take the whole plant with root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit on seed collecting sample ground, make exsiccata, to carry out the species evaluation;
B, germ plasm resource are preserved garden construction, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of Germplasm Resources: choose never planted polygonum capitatum and with polygonum capitatum planting site on every side isolated leeward, on the sunny side, the plot of source of irrigation water is arranged, set up germ plasm resource and preserve garden, and it is divided into to the difference plantation community of mutual isolation;
(2) plantation: the fresh and alive plant gathered is planted respectively in the plantation garden district dug by spacing in the rows, the line-spacing of 30cm * 30cm, drawn garden district plantation schematic diagram and perform mark;
(3) production of hybrid seeds: in plant blossom Qian Jiang community and other community, fully keep apart, the seed of gathering 8～November, save backup after dry impurity elimination;
(4) build the garden results and analysis: by above selection Germplasm Resources, plantation and production of hybrid seeds process, analyzed building the garden result, to obtain best germ plasm resource;
C, seed storage: under normal temperature or cryogenic conditions by the polygonum capitatum seed storage obtained, to do that original seed is preserved or for sowing.
According to the method for first aspect present invention, Shi Guizhou Province, wherein said each seedbed, Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province, ,Huo Hunan Province, Chongqing City are domestic, preferably domestic in Guizhou Province.
Method according to first aspect present invention, wherein said fresh and alive plant gathers with the cultivation plant and selectes in operation, to select the well-grown typical sample of polygonum capitatum ground in different regions, record its state of ecological environment, and select healthy plant band soil disease-free, that shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red to dig out, gather fresh and alive plant at least 30 strains everyly, be put in vasculum and take back, move into germplasm resource conservation garden.
Method according to first aspect present invention, wherein said fresh and alive plant gathers with the cultivation plant and selectes in operation, that experiment and demonstration base polygonum capitatum is planted large Tanaka, select well-grown polygonum capitatum plant (healthy disease-free, shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red) or the plant of stable variation features is arranged, its growth of observed and recorded and Morphological Features; Be with soil to dig out plant, be put in vasculum and take back, move into germplasm resource conservation garden.
According to the method for first aspect present invention, while wherein being detected the operation of sample collection and collection of specimens making, described oven dry is below 60 ℃, forced air drying.
According to the method for first aspect present invention, wherein detected after sample collection below 60 ℃ forced air drying.According to the method for first aspect present invention, wherein after preparation of specimen's sample collection, be pressed into the specimen holder that is placed with blotting paper, dry or dry in the shade.
According to the method for first aspect present invention, wherein selected Germplasm Resources is the forest land at height above sea level 700～1000.
According to the method for first aspect present invention, wherein in step C seed storage in room temperature or 0～5 ℃ of preservation.
In the arbitrary embodiment of the present invention, the polygonum capitatum seed is to preserve under the condition of 4～5 ℃.
Further, second aspect present invention provides the plantation of the clear particle medicinal material Polygonum capitatum of hot pouring to breed the processing method with seed, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) the observation seed characteristics is suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding use to obtain, and it comprises at least one following steps: press GB/T3543.3 crop seeds detection method and carry out the cleanliness analysis; Measured thousand kernel weight by GB/T3543.7 crop seeds inspection procedure sundry item check gravimetry; Press GB/T3543.6 crop seeds detection method and carry out determination of moisture; Press GB/T3543.4 crop seeds detection method and carry out germination test to measure germination rate;
(2) storage of seed: will be suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding use and be loaded in ventilative good kraft paper bag or cotton bag, and tighten sack, and then put in drier, refrigerator and reach under room temperature and preserve; Using the polygonum capitatum seed collection time as the storage zero-time, take germination rate and/or germination vigor and determine basic storage period of seed according to the storage purpose as index;
(3) planting seed and polygonum capitatum plantation: under 15 ℃～35 ℃ (preferably 15 ℃～30 ℃) and natural lighting condition, seed is sowed, make seed sprouting, carry out the plantation (the method plantation that for example can put down in writing referring to CN1481666A) of polygonum capitatum.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (1), the cleanliness of described seed is greater than or equal to 85%.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (1), the cleanliness of described seed is greater than or equal to 90%.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (1), the cleanliness of described seed is greater than or equal to 95%.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (1), the germination rate of described seed is greater than or equal to 75%.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (1), the germination rate of described seed is greater than or equal to 85%.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (1), the germination rate of described seed is greater than or equal to 90%.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (1), the thousand kernel weight of described seed is greater than or equal to 0.80g.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (1), the thousand kernel weight of described seed is greater than or equal to 0.85g.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (1), the thousand kernel weight of described seed is greater than or equal to 0.90g.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (1), the moisture of described seed is less than or equal to 12%.
Method according to second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (1), that obtains is suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding use, and the cleanliness of this seed is greater than or equal to 85%, germination rate is greater than or equal to 75%, thousand kernel weight is greater than or equal to 0.80g, moisture is less than or equal to 12%.
Method according to second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (1), that obtains is suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding use, and the cleanliness of this seed is greater than or equal to 90%, germination rate is greater than or equal to 85%, thousand kernel weight is greater than or equal to 0.85g, moisture is less than or equal to 12%.
Method according to second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (1), that obtains is suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding use, and the cleanliness of this seed is greater than or equal to 95%, germination rate is greater than or equal to 90%, thousand kernel weight is greater than or equal to 0.90g, moisture is less than or equal to 12%.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (2), the seed of preserving for original seed is stored 0 ℃～5 ℃ refrigerations.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (2), the seed of preserving for original seed is stored 0 ℃～5 ℃ refrigerations.In one embodiment, the seed of preserving for original seed is to store and be no more than 3 years 0 ℃～5 ℃ refrigerations, preferably is no more than 2 years.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (2), for the production seed of planting medicinal material Polygonum capitatum, be at room temperature to refrigerate storage.In one embodiment, production at room temperature refrigerates to store with seed and is no more than 2 years, preferably is no more than 1.5 years, preferably is no more than 1 year.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (3), before seed is sowed, the perianth that the seed place is deposited is removed.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (3), during sowing, be seed to be mixed to (for example blending ratio is 1:100～200) to broadcast sowing with fine earth, earthing not after planting.
According to the method for second aspect present invention, in wherein said step (3), sowing bonnet mulch film is to keep seedbed soil table humidity.
Third aspect present invention provides the plantation mating system of the clear particle medicinal material Polygonum capitatum of hot pouring, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource Planting in the different location is preserved the construction in garden;
(2) processing with seed is bred in the plantation of polygonum capitatum; (3) carry out the plantation of polygonum capitatum with the seed of step (2).
According to the method for third aspect present invention, wherein as described in step (1) embodiment as arbitrary as first aspect present invention (comprising its modification).
According to the method for third aspect present invention, wherein as described in step (2) embodiment as arbitrary as second aspect present invention (comprising its modification).
According to the method for third aspect present invention, wherein step (3) can be planted according to methods known in the art, and the polygonum capitatum implantation methods of for example putting down in writing with reference to CN1481666A is planted.
Arbitrary technical characterictic in arbitrary embodiment of either side of the present invention can combine with arbitrary embodiment of this aspect or other side, as long as this combination not there will be contradiction.In addition, the technical scheme that any that mention in the context of the invention is concrete or technical characterictic (comprise numerical value, though these technical schemes or technical characterictic when describing separately can also) can with arbitrary embodiment combination of either side of the present invention.
Natural resources of Chinese medicinal materials refers to the various medicinal plants, animal and the mineral that distribute in a given area or scope and the summation of reserves thereof.The natural resources of Chinese medicinal materials of broad sense also comprise artificial cultivation cultivation with the medicinal plant that utilizes the biotechnology breeding and the active principle of animal and generation thereof.Natural resources of Chinese medicinal materials comprises resources of medicinal plant, Animal resources and mineral resources.
From genetic consideration, germplasm (germplasm) refers to " determine biological species, and the genetic material that abundant hereditary information passes to the offspring from parental generation by it is overall." it is the internal factor that determines biological quality.Germ plasm resource (germplasm resources) refers to and " can raise up seed and keep the general designation of the animals and plants material of stable genetic character.As spore, seed and the stock cell of confession and tissue." its nature,taste and action difference of various medicinal materials, the active component difference contained, the different germplasms that all have from it are relevant.
For a long time, because China's various places medicinal material plantation lacks unified management, the medicinal herb grower mainly by from numerous, personal or buy seed from medicinal material market, seedling is produced, various places cultivar quality is different, and very big-difference is arranged on biological property, Yield and quality, proterties and resistance.These kinds are the medicinal material that the medicinal herb grower planted, had certain using value for many years.Due to the excessive digging exploitation of Wild Medicinal resource, the farm variety of the cultivation of making over and tradition are difficult to find with planting again, and some even disappeares.And the improved seeds that a small amount of bulk medicinal materials is cultivated bring the homogeneity of germplasm, cause some strong stress resistances, the good genetic resources of variety and quality is lost.Therefore, existing in the urgent need to centering pharmacopoeia matter resource, protected, and adequately protect and utilize China to have natural resources of Chinese medicinal materials now, set up parts of generic medicinal plants cultivar Germplasm Bank and there is important reality and historic significance.
Since the superior in quality stable standardization that needs traditional Chinese medicine to produce of traditional Chinese medicine, the standardization that the traditional Chinese medicine production regularization needs the traditional Chinese medicine seed seedling to produce.Seed seedling is the material base that traditional Chinese medicine is produced, and the seed seedling of improved seeds and high-quality is basis and the source of realizing that the traditional Chinese medicine standardization is produced, and normalized planting technology is the process that realizes that the traditional Chinese medicine standardization is produced.Do not solve its source and underlying issue, Process Problems just can not really be solved.At present, the present situation of China's traditional Chinese medicine seed seedling is but the provenance confusion, and germplasm mixes, therefore advance the standardization of traditional Chinese medicine seed seedling, is to guarantee that the Chinese medicine standardization and normalization is produced and the task of top priority of GAP construction of base.
Make a general survey of domestic and international plant variety seed selection history, its road substantially: farm variety identification and utilization → conventional variety seed selection → hybrid variety breeding → bioengineering breeding.The Chinese Vegetable Breeding approaching with the traditional Chinese medicine characteristic, when germ plasm resource was collected and was estimated 50～sixties of 20th century, identification and utilization large quantities of farm varieties and excellent germplasm; 60～eighties of 20th century be take the conventional variety seed selection as main; After the eighties in 20th century, heterosis utilization becomes vegetable variety seed selection dominant direction; Rise the nineties in 20th century biotechnology in breed breeding in a large number for genetic background expansion, resistant gene importing etc.According to relevant, research and propose, the development of traditional Chinese medicinal materials assortment seed selection should be used for reference the method for crops, realize again the progress of great-leap-forward, can strive for covering crops " farm variety identification and utilization " and " conventional variety seed selection " course in nearly 20 years with the time of 4～10 years, every kind of medicinal material is cultivated 1～2 kind.China will rely on traditional Chinese medicinal materials assortment seed selection core unit, build the storehouse in mid-term (about storage life 15 years) that 2～3 traditional Chinese medicine germ plasm resources are preserved in the whole nation, the preservation that provides the germplasm data for the research of genetic breeding, authentic medicinal herbs with exchange.And the support national genebank, strengthen the traditional Chinese medicine Core Germplasms and preserve research, build the Core Germplasms storehouse.The basis of traditional Chinese medicine seed seedling standardization effort is breed standard, is difficult to realize the standardization of seed seedling without improved Varieties, so breeding of new variety is the breach of Seed & Seedling Standardization Project of Chinese Medicinal Materials.China will take the natural resources of Chinese medicinal materials germplasm and be directly used in and produce or be main purpose as the breeding of new variety basic material, and emphasis is collected various variation types, farm variety, the wild area germplasm of major production areas, every kind of medicinal material whole nation.7 regions such as North China, northwest, southwest, East China, Central China, south China northeastward,, set up 7 germ plasm resource evaluating centers according to the distribution of the medicinal material place of production and scientific research strength, economic characters and biological character to main traditional Chinese medicine germ plasm resource are identified and are estimated, screening farm variety or the good germplasm of Comprehensive Traits, directly apply to production or the basic material of new varieties is cultivated in conduct.
The great change that the seed selection of traditional Chinese medicine improved seeds and being widely used on producing will bring traditional Chinese medicine to produce.Take breeding of new variety as purpose, and biotechnology will be played a great role; Traditional Chinese medicine standardization production technology, the nuisanceless production technology supporting with new varieties will obtain broad research and application.Study the store method of various medicinal materials, particularly recalcitrant seed medicinal material and vegetative propagation medicinal material germ plasm resource.Collection and conservation Precious, Rare, Endangered medicinal material germ plasm resource, and the Precious, Rare, Endangered germplasm of large cultivation medicinal material, realize that germ plasm resource is ground and in vitro the preservation.And comprise the excavation of germ plasm resource standard and norm-setting, germplasm resource evaluation and store method research, good farm variety or germplasm and utilization etc.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the germination rate of polygonum capitatum seed under different holding conditions be (three data posts of each time point mean respectively room temperature, refrigerator and drier from left to right) dynamically.
Fig. 2: the impact of temperature on polygonum capitatum seed sprouting required time.
Fig. 3: the impact of temperature on the polygonum capitatum seed sprouting duration.
Fig. 4: the impact of temperature on the polygonum capitatum potentiality of seed.
Fig. 5: the impact of temperature on the polygonum capitatum percentage of seedgermination.
Fig. 6: the germination of polygonum capitatum seed within the germination cycle dynamic (6 data posts of each time point mean respectively 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃ from left to right) under different temperatures.
Fig. 7: the comparative trial community arranges schematic diagram.
Embodiment
By the following examples, can conduct further description the present invention, yet scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.One of skill in the art can understand, and under the prerequisite that does not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can carry out various variations and modification to the present invention.The present invention carries out generality and/or concrete description to the material and the test method that use in test.Although, for to realize that many materials and method of operating that the object of the invention is used are well known in the art, the present invention still does to describe in detail as far as possible at this.
embodiment 1: polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource Planting in the different location preservation garden (can be described as in the present invention " germ plasm resource preservation garden ")
build A---germ plasm resource is collected
(1) provenance is selected: for example, in the main area of polygonum capitatum (Guizhou Province) the wild polygonum capitatum of different ecological environment is introduced a fine variety.
Particularly, for example, according to resource investigation and introduction and Experiment research situation, select the wild polygonum capitatum of area as main as Guizhou, the main area of polygonum capitatum different ecological environment to be introduced a fine variety.The inventor finds, in the Pan county (Yang Chang township, disconnected Jiang Zhen ,Pan Guan town) in Guizhou Province, the ground such as Qinglong County (sand town), ,Guan Ling county, Puan County (Jiang Xipo town) (Xin Pu town), Liuzhi Special Region (Duo Jiao township), waterside town city (Fa Er township), town Ning County (Ding Qi town), Leishan County (Xijiang River town), Kaili City (San Keshu town), Yuqing County (LongXi town), Huangping County (Jiu Zhou town), Shibing County (stable township), Guiyang (Qian Tao township) all can be used as Exotic provenance and gather ground.
(2) wild seed collection: on the well-grown typical sample of selected polygonum capitatum ground, select the plant that health is disease-free, shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red, as the seed collecting plant; By the ripening fruits of hand getting collection polygonum capitatum, pack in ventilative good seed collecting bag, naturally dry, rub the tepal that goes white transparent with the hands, the kraft paper bag of packing into, put in refrigerator and preserve.
Particularly, select the well-grown typical sample of polygonum capitatum ground in different regions, record its state of ecological environment, select the plant that health is disease-free, shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red, as the seed collecting plant.By the ripening fruits of hand getting collection polygonum capitatum, the ventilative good seed collecting bag (cloth bag or kraft envelope) of packing into, approximately 50～100g collects seed on every sample ground, fasten number label, naturally dry, rub the tepal that goes white transparent with the hands, the kraft paper bag of packing into, put in refrigerator and preserve.
(3) fresh and alive plant gathers with the cultivation plant selected: on seed collecting sample ground, select healthy plant band soil disease-free, that shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red to dig out, move into germplasm resource conservation garden and cultivated.
Particularly, for example, select the well-grown typical sample of polygonum capitatum ground in different regions, record its state of ecological environment, and select healthy plant band soil disease-free, that shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red to dig out, and gather totally 30 strains of fresh and alive plant everyly, be put in vasculum and take back.Move into germplasm resource conservation garden.
Again for example, in experiment and demonstration base, Niu great Chang town, Shibing County, polygonum capitatum is planted large Tanaka, select well-grown polygonum capitatum plant (healthy disease-free, shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red) or the plant of stable variation features is arranged, its growth of observed and recorded and Morphological Features; Be with soil to dig out plant, be put in vasculum and take back, move into germplasm resource conservation garden.
(4) detecting sample collection makes with collection of specimens: extract the polygonum capitatum fresh goods on seed collecting sample ground and dry rapidly or dry (below 60 ℃, air blast), the interior preservation of the sample sack of the sealing of packing into, with for detection of its quality; Take the whole plant with root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit on seed collecting sample ground, make exsiccata, to carry out the species evaluation.
Particularly, for example, on each seed collecting sample ground, with reaping hook, extract the about 5kg of polygonum capitatum fresh goods, dry rapidly or dry (below 60 ℃, air blast), preserve in the sample sack of the sealing of packing into, detect its quality condition.
Again for example, often equally taking with 5 parts of root, stem, leaf, flower, whole plants really, perform and number and record, make exsiccata, and carry out the species evaluation.
embodiment 2: polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource Planting in the different location is preserved the construction B in garden---and germ plasm resource is preserved garden construction
(1) selection of Germplasm Resources: choose never planted polygonum capitatum and with polygonum capitatum planting site on every side isolated leeward, on the sunny side, the plot of source of irrigation water is arranged, set up germ plasm resource and deposit garden, and it is divided into to the difference plantation community of mutual isolation.
Particularly, for example, can be according to investigation, in Shibing County, all there is wild polygonum capitatum growth on the ground such as domestic great Ping village, Niu great Chang town, ice cave village, stable township.Through repeatedly making an on-the-spot survey comparison on the spot, result is in polygonum capitatum experiment and demonstration base, Niu great Chang town, Shibing County, polygonum capitatum was never planted in choosing, and the plot isolated with polygonum capitatum experiment and demonstration planting site on every side, set up germ plasm resource and deposit (forest land, garden, height above sea level 700～1000m, the inventor finds in the other test, when selecting height above sea level lower than 600m or higher than the Germplasm Resources of 1500m, the seed obtained generally lower (being usually less than 80%) aspect germination rate, and thousand kernel weight also less (usually being less than 0.8g).Its concrete facility and requirement: area 2000～2500m
2, leeward, on the sunny side, source of irrigation water is arranged, and it is divided into to difference plantation community (each community 20m of mutual isolation
2).
(2) plantation: the fresh and alive plant gathered is planted respectively in the plantation garden district dug by spacing in the rows, the line-spacing of 30cm * 30cm, drawn garden district plantation schematic diagram and perform mark.
Particularly, for example, the fresh and alive plant that above-described embodiment 1 is gathered is planted respectively in the plantation garden district dug by spacing in the rows, the line-spacing of 30cm * 30cm according to its ecosystem environmental quality, draws garden district plantation schematic diagram and performs mark.Strengthen the management of garden district, remove in time weeds in community and protection ground, remove in time in per season in community and the polygonum capitatum seedling in protection ground.Blinding in winter (or grass) frost damage prevention.
(3) production of hybrid seeds: in plant blossom Qian Jiang community and other community, fully keep apart, the seed of gathering 8～November, save backup after dry impurity elimination.
Specifically, for example, need to gather the provenance of seed, for guaranteeing original proterties of seed, avoid mixing and going here and there powder, should fully keep apart in plant blossom Qian Jiang community and other community (the seed collecting amount can adopt bagging when few), the plant part in the Ye Keba community shifts out separately to plant in isolated area far away cultivates seed.Should transplant 4～May, can whole strain transplantation with soil, plant division or cuttage.Survive rear timely weeding fertilising.8～11 monthly seeds of gathering, save backup after dry impurity elimination.
(4) build the garden results and analysis: by above selection Germplasm Resources, plantation and production of hybrid seeds process, analyzed building the garden result, to obtain best germ plasm resource.Example is specific as follows:
1, result: through investigation and collection in the past few years, the provenance samples such as Yang Chang township, Pan county, Shibing have been introduced, be polygonaceae arsesmart polygonum capitatum (Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don) through evaluation, above sample is plantation preservation in Germplasm Resources all.
2, brief analysis
(1) sample of introducing has represented respectively different geographical, different altitude height, the polygonum capitatum plant of different ecological environment: intermediate altitude half cloudy wet type (GY-0201 is arranged, ZN0201), the cloudy half-dried ground type (PX-0203 of high height above sea level half, PX-0204, PX-0205, PX-0206, PX-0207), the cloudy half-dried ground type (PA-0201) of intermediate altitude half, dry ground of intermediate altitude tailo type (QL-0201, PX-0202, PX-0201, SC-0201), low height above sea level limestone exposed dry ground type (TJ-0201, HP-0201, SB0201), the cloudy half-dried ground type (LS-0201 of low height above sea level limestone half, KL-0201, SB-0202, LB0201).Observe result all can grow well (in Table 1) through growing state in garden.
(2) the wild polygonum capitatum sample in different places of production introducing and planting polygonum capitatum and original producton location carries out content detection, contrasting its testing result shows: the wild provenance that introduce different regions, its quercetin content difference, the PX0202 sample size in Bai Kuai village, Pan county Yang Chang township the highest (reaching 0.27%) wherein, with the content of Bai Guo town, Pan county old toft village PX0207 (P<0.01), Qian Tao township, Guiyang Qi Long village GY0201 (P<0.01), to compare difference extremely remarkable.With the content of Duan Jiang town, Pan county old toft village PX0205 (P<0.01), stable township, Shibing County ice cave village SB0201 (P<0.01), to compare difference also extremely remarkable.For this reason, can determine the polygonum capitatum kind the best in Bai Kuai village, Yang Chang township, Pan county.
Table 1: collection and the characteristics thereof of the strain of polygonum capitatum Germplasm Resources sample
Annotate: the sample number capitalization is for gathering the ground first letter of pinyin, and the back numeral is for gathering the ground sample number.
(3) gather the part polygonum capitatum sample that moves into germplasm resource conservation garden and carry out content detection, and contrast its testing result and show (in Table 2): the wild provenance that introduce different regions, after planting in Germplasm Resources, when its quercetin content is all introduced a fine variety, wild product are high, wherein draw the PG2001 sample size the highest (reaching 0.62%) from Pan Guan town, Pan county, SB0201 (P<0.01) with stable township, Shibing, Yang Chang township, Pan county PX0202 compares difference extremely significantly (P<0.01), with the PX0205 (P<0.01) from the disconnected Jiang Zhen in Pan county, the GY0201 comparing difference in the PX0207 in Bai Guo town, Pan county (P<0.01) and Qian Tao township, Kweiyang is extremely significantly (P<0.01) also.For this reason, tentatively determine that the current varieties of plant in base (drawing from Pan Guan town, Pan county, natural crude drugs main producing region in calendar year 2001, lower same) PG2001 is breeding, also need plant in the experiment and demonstration base further observation and comparison in practice.
Table 2: the Germplasm Resources quality of medicinal material compares,
| Sequence number | Sample number into spectrum | Sample source | Extract (%) | Average quercetin content (%) |
| 1 | PX0202 | Bai Kuai village, Yang Chang township, Pan county | 28.30±0.03 | 0.47±0.01 |
| 2 | PX0205 | Old toft village, Duan Jiang town, Pan county | 30.33±0.04 | 0.55±0.01 |
| 3 | PX0207 | Old toft village, Bai Guo town, Pan county | 24.84±0.03 | 0.58±0.02 |
| 4 | GY0201 | Qi Long village, Qian Tao township, Guiyang | 26.33±0.02 | 0.55±0.01 |
| 5 | SB0201 | Ice cave village, stable township, Shibing County | 28.75±0.03 | 0.40±0.01 |
| 6 | PG2001 | Pan Guan village, Pan Guan town, Pan county | 21.14±0.04 | 0.62±0.01 |
Annotate: sampling on August 10th, 2003.
(4) the polygonum capitatum single-strain fresh weight of separate sources in Germplasm Resources is observed, result shows (in Table 3): the individual plant mean fresh is totally the 153.1g/ strain.By comparison, Duan Jiang town, Pan county old toft village PX0205 is higher (P<0.01) obviously, the PX0202 (P<0.05) in the PX0202 in peach garden village, pool, Pan county (P<0.05), Bai Kuai village, Yang Chang township, Pan county is also higher, and the PX0201 (P<0.01) in officials of feudal dynasties village, soldierly bearing township, Pan county, the NZ0201 (P<0.05) in Liu Zhimu hilllock-Ning Dingqi Liangshan, town is significantly on the low side.
Table 3: Germplasm Resources polygonum capitatum single-strain fresh weight compares,
| Sequence number | Sample strain numbering | Source | Individual plant mean fresh (g) |
| 1 | QL0201 | Wen Feng village, chicken house township, Qinglong County | 155.2±5.25 |
| 2 | PA0201 | Unity village, slope, Jiangxi, Puan County | 160.5±16.99 |
| 3 | PX0201 | Officials of feudal dynasties village, soldierly bearing township, Pan county | 140.1±7.43 |
| 4 | PX0202 | Bai Kuai village, Yang Chang township, Pan county | 162.3±10.13 |
| 5 | PX0203 | Zhu Chang river, Liu Guan town, Pan county | 155.0±10.07 |
| 6 | PX0204 | Peach garden village, pool, Pan county | 167.4±14.46 |
| 7 | PX0205 | Old toft village, Duan Jiang town, Pan county | 168.0±13.23 |
| 8 | PX0206 | Old toft village, Duan Jiang town, Pan county | 163.5±19.26 |
| 9 | PX0207 | The old toft in Bai Guo town, Pan county | 164.2±24.81 |
| 10 | SC0208 | Xinlong village, waterside town Fa Er township | 148.0±20.22 |
| 11 | HP0201 | Jiu Zhou town, Huangping County stone Niu Cun | 135.0±34.51 |
| 12 | NZ0201 | Liu Zhimu hilllock-Ning Dingqi Liangshan, town | 130.2±28.25 |
| 13 | GY0201 | Qi Long village, Qian Tao township, Guiyang | 140.3±17.79 |
| 14 | SB0201 | Ice cave village, stable township, Shibing County | 156.4±21.25 |
| 15 | TJ0201 | Pai Lve village, Lao Tun township, Taijiang County | 141.0±15.78 |
| 16 | LS0201 | Yang Wu village, Xijiang River town, Leishan County | 161.5±19.12 |
| 17 | KL0201 | Zhai Wa village, Kaili City San Keshu town | 142.0±19.75 |
Annotate: on August 10th, 2003 measures.
In sum, from the comparative analysis result of the plantation sample quality output of the wild sample of polygonum capitatum and Germplasm Resources relatively, tentatively think: the PX0205 of the PX0202 in the PG2001 that now plant in base, pool town, disconnected Jiang Zhen has cultivation adaptability preferably, can further carry out its variety comparative test research.
By above operation, can obtain the more satisfied strain of polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource and seed.
embodiment 3: polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource Planting in the different location is preserved construction C---the seed storage in garden
At polygonum capitatum Germplasm Resource Investigation and germ plasm resource, preserve on the basis of garden study on construction, we also adopt the method for low temperature storage the seed of different germ plasm resources to be carried out to Primary Study and the processing of following 3 aspects: after the seed sample that collect field investigation or cultivate (1) dries naturally, put into the plastic sample bag, in-built desiccant (discolour silica gel) 15～20g, put refrigerator after sealing into, 0～5 ℃ of preservation.(2) within every 6 months, get a sample (approximately 50) and detect seed vitality and germination rate.And the inspection discolour silica gel, if variable color, the desiccant that should put drying in oven or renew.(3) drop to 30% when following, the production of hybrid seeds again (at isolated area sampling kind seedling raising and transplanting or the plant division of resource garden, transplanting the production of hybrid seeds) when the vigor of seed and germination rate.
embodiment 4: polygonum capitatum seed characteristics, seed testing and seed quality are investigated A---the observational study of seed characteristics
In the research and practice process of the wild change of polygonum capitatum man kind and standardized planting, take sexual propagation (seminal propagation) as main, the special research that the seed biological nature of polygonum capitatum has been carried out attaching most importance to is observed.
(1) research method
1, the morphological feature of seed is observed: get respectively 2002 8,9,10, (for full-bloom stage and the full bearing period) gathered and cleaned November each 20g of polygonum capitatum ripening fruits, method 1: get at random 10 in every part, in stereoscope (band micrometer) is lower, observe, measure length and the width of every fruit, charge to form, add up its mean value.Method 2: get the part ripening fruits and dissect, at light microscope and its structure of stereoscopic Microscopic observation.Method 3: get at random 500 in every part, repeat 10 times, weigh up the weight of every group of sample with electronic balance, add up its thousand kernel weight.
2, the storage of seed and life-span
(1) storage practice: seed is loaded in kraft paper bag and cotton bag, and tightens sack, then put in drier, refrigerator and reach under room temperature and preserve.Using the polygonum capitatum seed collection time as the storage zero-time.
(2) test method: surveyed a germination rate every 6 months.Method is the culture dish method, the seed of various storage practices respectively random number get 3 parts, 50 every part, totally 150, then evenly put in culture dish, put temperature and cultivate under 20～25 ℃, measure germination rate (continuous 5 days without till germinateing).
(3) statistical methods for experiment: the hypothesis test of comparing with two sample percentages (u-test).
3, temperature and the illumination impact on the polygonum capitatum seed germination: with illumination constant incubator and unglazed according to constant incubator, establish different temperatures section group: A<10 ℃; 10 ℃≤B≤15 ℃ (B=15 ± 1 ℃); 15 ℃<C≤25 ℃ (C=20 ± 1 ℃); 25 ℃≤D≤30 ℃ (D=25 ± 1 ℃); E > 30 ℃ (E=30 ± 1 ℃); F=35 ± 1 ℃.Get culture dish (8cm) 30 cover, with absorbent cotton shop fixtures (one deck), lid blotting paper (filter paper), splash into distilled water to saturated, evenly arrange every pair of culture dish of polygonum capitatum seed and put 50 on filter paper, put into constant incubator.5 repetitions of every group of test, with planting 250.By method 1 record.
(2) results and analysis
1, the form of seed: achene is wrapped in the transparent perianth of white, and surperficial pitchy is glossy, is the Rhizoma Sparganii taper, long 0.90mm～1.32mm, wide 0.50mm～0.72mm.In fruit, 1, seed is arranged, the Rhizoma Sparganii shape is avette, long 0.7mm～0.8mm, wide 0.4mm～0.6mm, surperficial puce, tool kind hole, base portion tool hilum.Endosperm white, opaque, embryo is little, bending, 2 pieces of cotyledons.The average thousand kernel weight 0.96g of the achene of gathering November, 8,9,10, November the average thousand kernel weight of achene of gathering be 0.95g.Can find out the polygonum capitatum thousand grain weigth of gathering for 8～November from (table 4), begin to see germinating time, germination rate, germination vigor are without significant difference.
Table 4: the thousand kernel weight of Different Harvesting Time polygonum capitatum seed and the situation of sprouting statistical form
| Collecting time | Thousand kernel weight (g) | Germinating time begins to see | Germination rate (%) | Germination vigor (%) |
| 08 month | 0.9283 | The 7th day | 78 | 72.7 |
| 09 month | 0.9593 | The 7th day | 76.7 | 68.7 |
| October | 0.9596 | The 7th day | 74.7 | 67.3 |
| November | 0.9642 | The |
82 | 76 |
| On average | 0.9529 | 7 days | 77.9 | 71.2 |
Annotate: 15～25 ℃ of the temperature of survey germination rate.
2, the storage of seed and life-span
(1) impact of packaging material on the polygonum capitatum percentage of seedgermination: from table 5 relatively, with cotton bag and the kraft paper bag poor by gas permeability of good air permeability, pack storage polygonum capitatum seed, its germination rate is without significant difference.The gas permeability difference that packaging material are described does not make significant difference to the germination rate of polygonum capitatum seed.
Table 5: germination rate and u-test result that seed is packed with cotton bag and kraft paper bag
(2) storage environment and the time impact on the polygonum capitatum percentage of seedgermination: from table 6 and Fig. 1, under different storage environments, its germination rate, along with the prolongation of storage time, presents different downward trends.Wherein the decline under room temperature condition is the fastest, linearly descend, the germination rate of preserving 12 months has descended 3.2% than former germination rate, through u-test, difference is not remarkable, and the germination rate of preserving 18 months, 24 months has descended respectively 15.8%, 27.2%, and difference reaches utmost point significance level, preserve 30 months, germination rate just reduces to zero.Before showing that the polygonum capitatum seed is at room temperature preserved 12 months, its germination rate does not significantly descend, and when storage reaches 18 months, germination rate just has decline very significantly, within 30 months, is its end-of-life time.Be stored in the inner germination rate of refrigerator (2～3 ℃) and be curve decline more stably.Germination rate while preserving 12 months, 18 months has descended respectively 0.5%, 1.8%, and through u-test, difference is not remarkable, and the germination rate of preserving 24 months, 30 months has all descended 10.5%, and difference reaches significance level.Show that the polygonum capitatum seed preserved before 18 months in refrigerator, its germination rate does not significantly reduce, and when storage reaches 24 months, germination rate just is decreased significantly.Be stored in the curved decline of germination rate in drier.Preserve the germination rate of 24 months through u-test, difference is not remarkable, and the germination rate while preserving 30 months has descended 24.5%, and difference reaches utmost point significance level.Show that the polygonum capitatum seed preserved before 24 months in drier, its germination rate does not all have significantly to descend, and when storage reaches 30 months, germination rate just significantly descends.
Table 6: germination rate and the u-test result of polygonum capitatum seed under different storage environments
Annotate: seed is packed with cotton bag.
In sum, the gas permeability difference of packaging material did not affect significantly on germination rate and the life-span of polygonum capitatum seed, but there are remarkable impact storage environment and time on its germination rate and life-span.The life-span of polygonum capitatum seed in room temperature environment is 30 months, and drying or low temperature environment can extend its life-span.In addition in complementary testing, have been found that when refrigerator temperature in its result and upper table 6,2～3 ℃ of refrigerator conditions comes to the same thing during at 0～1 ℃, 1～2 ℃, but, in the time of in the refrigerator under 4～5 ℃, when 24 months and 30 months, germination rate still can reach more than 25%; Surprisingly, when temperature, higher than more than 6 ℃ the time, for example 6～7 ℃, 8～9 ℃, 10～12 ℃ while investigating, when 24 months and 30 months, germination rate is all below 17%.While being presented at thus under the condition of 4～5 ℃ storage, be extremely beneficial.Therefore, in the arbitrary embodiment of the present invention, the polygonum capitatum seed is to preserve under the condition of 4～5 ℃.
3, the Germination characteristics of seed
(1) the polygonum capitatum seed, without hibernation feature, easily germinates.Adopt and broadcast September, within the 8th day, starts germinate (in Table 7).Seed mainly concentrates in first 5 days to be sprouted, and the duration of germinateing is 16 days.The polygonum capitatum seed has inconsistent characteristic of maturing stage, during seed collecting, and the whole infructescence of should not gathering.The field difficulty is shown in the polygonum capitatum seedling, relevant with the natural environment discomfort.Want to make its sprouting, must artificially create suitable condition.
Table 7: the germination result of separate sources polygonum capitatum seed
(2) affect the factor of seed germination
1. the impact of temperature on the polygonum capitatum seed sprouting: in Table 8.From the statistics of table 8, can find out, temperature is larger on the germination impact of polygonum capitatum seed.
Table 8: impact and the significance of difference of temperature on the polygonum capitatum seed germination
| Sequence number | Temperature (℃) | Germination required time (d) | Germinate the duration (d) | Germination vigor (%) | Germination rate (%) |
| 1 | 5 | Have no germination | ? | ? | ? |
| 2 | 10 | 18A | 11a | 38.7C | 88.0A |
| 3 | 15 | 11B | 9b | 85.3A | 93.3 |
| 4 | 20 | 5D | 9b | 82.0A | 93.3 |
| 5 | 25 | 4D | 9b | 83.3A | 92.7 |
| 6 | 30 | 4D | 9b | 68.0B | 92.7 |
| 7 | 35 | 4D | 8b | 18.7 |
2 |
Annotate: the different upper case and lower case alphabets after data show the significance of difference on a=0.01 and a=0.05 level.
The temperature variant situation of germination required time of polygonum capitatum seed (is shown in Fig. 2: the impact of temperature on polygonum capitatum seed sprouting required time).The polygonum capitatum seed is having no germination below 5 ℃.While reaching 10 ℃, start to germinate.The germination required time that temperature is 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃ from 10 ℃ of risings is respectively 18d, 11d, 5d, 4d, 4d, 4d.Analysis of variance, difference reaches significance level.Illustrate that temperature has significant impact to the germinating time of polygonum capitatum seed: when temperature lower (≤15 ℃), can postpone significantly the sprouting of polygonum capitatum seed, in the time of 20 ℃～35 ℃, its germination required time is all had no significant effect, the germination required time is 4～5d.
The temperature variant situation of germination duration of polygonum capitatum seed (is shown in Fig. 3: the impact of temperature on the polygonum capitatum seed sprouting duration).The germination duration that temperature is 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃ from 10 ℃ of risings is 11d, 9d, 9d, 9d, 9d, 8d.Analysis of variance, difference reaches significance level.Illustrate that temperature has remarkable impact to the germination duration of polygonum capitatum seed: when temperature lower (10 ℃), the germination duration that can significant prolongation polygonum capitatum seed; In the time of 15 ℃～35 ℃, its duration of germinateing is not made significant difference, the germination duration is 8～9d.
The temperature variant situation of the germination vigor of polygonum capitatum seed (is shown in Fig. 4: the impact of temperature on the polygonum capitatum potentiality of seed).It is 0,38.7%, 85.3%, 82.0%, 83.3%, 68.0%, 18.7% that the germination vigor that is 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃ from 5 ℃ of risings is respectively.Analysis of variance, difference reaches significance level.Illustrate that variations in temperature has remarkable impact to the germination vigor of polygonum capitatum seed: when temperature lower (10 ℃) or higher (>=30 ℃) can make its germination vigor significantly descend, be unfavorable for the sprouting of polygonum capitatum seed; Temperature, in the time of 15 ℃～25 ℃, does not make significant difference to its germination vigor, and germination vigor is 82.0%～85.3%.
The temperature variant situation of the germination rate of polygonum capitatum seed (is shown in Fig. 5: the impact of temperature on the polygonum capitatum percentage of seedgermination).The germination rate that is 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃ from 5 ℃ of risings is respectively 0,88.0%, 93.3%, 93.3%, 92.7%, 92.7%, 23.3%.Analysis of variance, difference reaches significance level.The variation that shows temperature has significant impact to the germination rate of polygonum capitatum seed: when not germinateing in temperature≤5 ℃; While reaching 35 ℃, germination rate reduces rapidly; Temperature, in the time of 10 ℃～30 ℃, does not make significant difference to its germination rate, and germination rate is 88.0%～93.3%.
From Fig. 6 (different temperatures, the germination of polygonum capitatum seed within the germination cycle is dynamic), can find out; In the time of 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, the polygonum capitatum seed reaches the germination peak period in 2 days after germination; In the time of 15 ℃, it is the 3rd day; In the time of 10 ℃, 35 ℃, need 6 talentes to reach the germination peak period.
2. the impact of light on the polygonum capitatum seed germination: as seen from Table 9, illumination on the required and germination rate of the germinating time of polygonum capitatum seed without impact.But germinate duration and germination vigor are had to remarkable impact, shorten 4 days and exceed 50.6% than the contrast at the dark place respectively.Through u-test, difference is extremely remarkable.
Table 9: the impact (25 ℃) of light on the polygonum capitatum seed germination
The polygonum capitatum seed can be sprouted at 10 ℃ and 35 ℃, shows that its adaptability is very strong.But optimum temperature is 20 ℃～25 ℃.The germination required time is 4～5d, germination duration to be that 9d, germination vigor are 82%～83.3% and germination rate 92.7%～93.3%.Light has significant facilitation to the sprouting of polygonum capitatum seed.
After medicinal material of polygonum capilalum GAP in 2006 authentication, continue the seed biological property to polygonum capitatum has been carried out to observational study, result shows that polygonum capitatum take sexual propagation (seminal propagation) as main, and research sums up the polygonum capitatum seed and has following features:
(1) polygonum capitatum seed (achene) is less, usually is coated in the perianth of depositing place, and pure thousand grain weigth is between 0.84g～0.95g.
(2) polygonum capitatum seed storage environment and time have a significant impact its germination rate, and under normal temperature laboratory, by air capacity of soils, good packaging bags is stored, and in 1 year, germination rate is without marked change; But, during by 18 months, its germination rate just has decline very significantly, during by 30 months, does not germinate; If store (0 ℃～5 ℃) at refrigerator cold-storage, in the time of 24 months, its germination rate is still without marked change.Can take common seed storage method therefore suggestion is produced with planting, storage time is 1 year, can not use the old kind sowing that surpasses 18 months; Original seed is preserved and can be adopted refrigeration to store (0 ℃～5 ℃).
(3) the polygonum capitatum seed is little, a little less than the ability of being unearthed, sows appropriate to the occasion seed is mixed with fine earth (1:100～200) and broadcasts sowing; After planting can not earthing.
(4) temperature is one of factor very crucial in the sprouting of polygonum capitatum seed.In 15 ℃～28 ℃ scopes, all can normally germinate, its optimal temperature is 20 ℃～25 ℃, lower than 15 ℃ or equal unsuitable higher than 30 ℃.
(5) humidity is also one of factor very crucial in the sprouting of polygonum capitatum seed.Polygonum capitatum after planting keeps ambient humidity particularly important, and when air humidity reaches 80%, the polygonum capitatum seed germination is good.After planting still should cover mulch film and keep seedbed soil table humidity.
(6) sprouting of polygonum capitatum seed requires not sternly to soil matrix, but loose, fertile sandy loam is conducive to the growth of seedling, especially is beneficial to the growth of root system.
The inventor is in other test, carried out the comparative study of seed treatment: through the polygonum capitatum seed germination experiment of different disposal method whether (deflorate by), result of study is found, the extraseminal persitent perianth sheet of polygonum capitatum has significant inhibitory action (in Table 10) to its sprouting, therefore, in actual production, the polygonum capitatum seed should remove tepal.
Table 10: different disposal method polygonum capitatum seed quality information slip
embodiment 5: polygonum capitatum seed characteristics, seed testing and corresponding seed quality criteria research B---seed testing and seed matter
amount
The method of inspection
1, sample: press GB/T3543.2 crop seeds detection method and carry out.
2, cleanliness analysis: press GB/T3543.3 crop seeds detection method and carry out.
3, thousand kernel weight is measured: by GB/T3543.7 crop seeds inspection rules sundry item check gravimetry, measured.
4, determination of moisture: press GB/T3543.6 crop seeds detection method and carry out.
5, germination test: press GB/T3543.4 crop seeds detection method and carry out.The germination test of polygonum capitatum is made the paper bed with filter paper or blotting paper, and the pH value is 6.0～7.5, and temperature is carried out under 20 ℃～25 ℃ conditions.In the clean seed mixed, number is got 150 seeds, take 50 as a repetition, repeats 3 times.
6, Purity: press GB/T3543.5 crop seeds detection method item and carry out.
Seed quality is investigated
The inventor is through long-term research and production practices, and we have worked out the polygonum capitatum seed quality in conjunction with reality, the demand of preserving to meet follow-up plantation and seed.
For example, the polygonum capitatum seed is divided into to 3 ranks, in Table 11, can uses seed according to 3 ranks according to the actual production demand.
Table 11: polygonum capitatum seed quality
Like this, by above indices, be other foundation of division polygonum capitatum seed quality level.For example testing result has an index can not reach requirement, reduces to next rank, and detection does not reach primary standard and reduces to secondary, does not reach secondary seed and reduces to three grades of seeds, does not reach three grades of seeds and is defective seed.Ban use of defective planting seed, and preserve the requirement that should meet first order seed with seed as seed.
The inventor further finding in research, 2006～2010 years breeding gardens receive the production seed, within 2006, be 70.8kg, within 2007, be 72.5kg, within 2008, be 74.6kg, within 2009, be 78.7kg, within 2010, be 80.5kg; Its thousand grain weigth is 0.84g～0.93g, and germination rate is 86%～97%, with above-mentioned result of study, conforms to, and other test ratings all meet above-mentioned requirements as moisture, cleanliness etc.
embodiment 6: the rejuvenation of polygonum capitatum fine-variety breeding and stock breeding construction of base research A---fine-variety breeding rejuvenation purpose meaning
justice
(1) definition of breeding
The polygonum capitatum breeding refers to and contains more active ingredient, can obtain higher yield per unit area, has the kind (or provenance) of stronger disease and insect resistance and resistance ability.The polygonum capitatum breeding is the prerequisite of producing good medicinal material of polygonum capilalum, in whole medicinal material of polygonum capilalum production, has very important status, and it is the large important topic faced during current medicinal material of polygonum capilalum standardization is produced.The improved seeds of polygonum capitatum are according to the material base of its medical active and biological property, select the Part Wild type, carry out domesticating and cultivating for many years, again through long-term cultivation and artificial selection, make its inheritance towards high-quality, high yield and higher resistance direction variation, produced new feature, the kind with certain features, adaptation certain environment condition and cultivation condition finally selected.
(2) fine-variety breeding rejuvenation purpose
The target of polygonum capitatum fine-variety breeding: the improved seeds that the target of at first considering is polygonum capitatum must contain more active ingredient, and leaching rate that can medicinal material of polygonum capilalum under present condition, quercetin content, general flavone content etc. carry out seed selection for index; Secondly be the polygonum capitatum breed breeding of higher root yield, it is the internal factor that obtains higher yield per unit area; The damage by disease and insect of polygonum capitatum has formed serious threat to its root yield and quality, chemical control method and the measure of biotic controls of adopting in current production more, but chemical control is easily developed immunity to drugs, use in a large number chemical pesticide and easily produce residue of pesticide simultaneously, the cost of biological control method is also higher, so the disease and insect resistance breeding of polygonum capitatum has become important breeding objective.
(3) meaning of fine-variety breeding rejuvenation
The polygonum capitatum improved seeds are significant on producing, and are embodied in:
1, high yield fine can be increase the yield per unit area, and increases planting benefit.The medicinal material of polygonum capilalum market price is not high, transfer medicinal herb grower's enthusiasm for production, must improve its planting benefit.By cultivate polygonum capitatum high yield improved seeds be the most substantially, the most reliable, most economical effective increasing both production and income measure, be also the protection wild resource, guarantee the important channel of market supply.
2, fine quality can improve the quality of products.Product quality comprises that traditional commodity property requires and modern active constituent content.Leaching rate, quercetin content, general flavone equal size height to take effective component extracting as main production of raw medicine particularly important.
3, the polygonum capitatum breeding of high-output stress-resistance is the basic assurance that production of crude drugs obtains high yield, stable yields continuously.Anti-adversity ability mainly comprises disease and insect resistance, cold resistance, heat resistance, waterlogging-resistant property, resists saline and alkaline and lodging resistance etc.The polygonum capitatum of strong stress resistance, its Suitable planting area is wide, is conducive at the different regions Demonstration And Extension.
4, improved seeds can meet and produce that quality of medicinal material is stable, reliable request.Polygonum capitatum is distributed more widely, but the areal variation of its quality is larger, it is all grass herb simultaneously, and place of production dry processing cost is higher, adopt the improved seeds of Major Economic neat and consistent, according to the standardized planting specification requirement, produce and just can guarantee that quality of medicinal material is stable, reliable.
embodiment 7: the rejuvenation of polygonum capitatum fine-variety breeding and stock breeding construction of base research B---fine-variety breeding research
(1) collection of germ plasm resource, arrangement and evaluation
1, the collection of Germplasm Resource Investigation and material: according to breeding objective, the wild and cultivation polygonum capitatum starting material of focal investigation and each major production areas, the collection whole nation.Go deep into the polygonum capitatum main producing regions such as Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangxi and carry out wild provenance on-site inspection collection, collect germ plasm resource and the medicinal material sample of the wild of different regions, varying environment and cultivation polygonum capitatum, in germ plasm resource Planting in the different location preservation garden and seed bank, preserved, for the researchs such as fine provenance seed selection and rejuvenation provide abundant material.
(1) investigation and collection germplasm materials time: fresh and alive plant is suitable for 4-7 month collection, and seed and medicinal material sample are suitable for the 8-10 month to be collected.
(2) investigation content and method:
1. the growing environment of polygonum capitatum and COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS investigation.
2. the collection of polygonum capitatum different regions plant: introduce a fine variety plant alive, research kind of lower taxon etc., set up germplasm resource bank.
3. polygonum capitatum seed collection: gather the polygonum capitatum seed in different regions, different habitats, select to provide provenance for introducing a fine variety, build germplasm resource bank.
4. medicinal material of polygonum capilalum sample collection: gather the medicinal material of polygonum capilalum in different regions, different habitats, for chemical composition comparative studies, DNA molecular marker research etc. provides material.
5. on the spot soil sample collection of polygonum capitatum: mainly take the soil on medicinal material of polygonum capilalum sample collection ground, the soil characteristics of the relation of research quality of medicinal material and soil and polygonum capitatum growth region.
6. the field investigation of polygonum capitatum damage by disease and insect: understand the wild polygonum capitatum damage by disease and insect of different geographical situation, for the method for preventing and treating of studying land for growing field crops polygonum capitatum damage by disease and insect provides reference.
(3) arrangement of Germplasms: the polygonum capitatum Germplasms of collecting should be sorted out in time, according to characteristics such as form, phenology, output, resistances, classified, and register into the starting material card, its content comprises: numbering, botanical name, kind (or provenance) title, habitat, flowering stage, fruiting period, fructescence, the cycle of growing, cultivation main points, local competition situation, collection place, date etc.
2, the evaluation of germ plasm resource: according to the requirement of breeding objective, at different times, the polygonum capitatum Germplasms is carried out objectively, accurately and comprehensively identifies.Mainly contain:
(1) field test: polygonum capitatum carries out the observation record in field vegetative period.
(2) indoor evaluation: in indoor species test or by its active constituent content of Instrumental Analysis, the inherent qualities such as extract content, quercetin content, general flavone content etc.
(3) indirectly identify: when material, seldom the time, while not possessing for the instrument of avoiding destroying the polygonum capitatum material or needing, can indirectly identify, as according to the individual plant harvest index, estimated its yielding ability etc.
(4) bring out evaluation: to polygonum capitatum plant inoculation germ, make it morbidity to identify its disease resistance etc.
(5) identify in strange land: the area that expert evidence is delivered to susceptible disease carry out spontaneous evaluation or in natural conditions harsh area in addition strict test of starting material.
(2) method of seed selection
1, single plant method: select a plurality of individual plants in separate sources initial population, respectively it is carried out to inherent quality and analysis of genetic diversity evaluation, preliminary definite its quality, with seed seedling-raising or branch cutting, grow seedlings, plant into respectively plant or community, carry out observation and comparison with plant or community, the strain improved variety of selecting.
2, hybrid selection: by the polygonum capitatum fine individual plant mixed planting of choosing, and compare with former main cultivation polygonum capitatum kind, if really be better than former main breed, just can be used for producing.
3, modified method of mixing selection: the polygonum capitatum after individual plant is selected, the polygonum capitatum proterties in some strain or community is basically identical, just these polygonum capitatum strains or community is mixed to results, can obtain more seed like this.Then carry out output comparison and multiple spot test.
4, group's seed selection: in mixing selection, if colony is too complicated, be difficult to determine while selecting which kind of type better, can be several groups (provenances) by dissimilar merger respectively, then take group's (provenance) as the unit observation and comparison, select good group (provenance) for the production of.
(3) program of systematic breeding
1, Germplasm Resources: polygonum capitatum starting material (seed or plant) is planted in Germplasm Resources and observed in detail, grasp its feature and individual variation situation, and carry out Quality analysis and evaluation, carry out in case of necessity analysis of genetic diversity, therefrom select fine individual plant or provenance according to breeding objective, original seed is cultivated in isolation respectively.
2, seed selection and selective nursery: to Germplasm Resources or representative producing region, select the polygonum capitatum fine individual plant (or provenance) come to number respectively, autumn or spring in next year then, by the plantation of growing seedlings of strain or community, compare with former main breed, therefrom select excellently, in next year, participate in the strain approval test, show individually excellent but also have separation, fine individual plant can be selected again by method for the first time in the uneven plant of plant or community, broadcasts into plant or community and continues relatively, to select.Should carry out plantation and management process record.Special quality product is the participation varietal yield test of can bypassing the immediate leadership.Polygonum capitatum seed selection work also can directly be carried out at Germplasm Resources.
3, identify garden: to the polygonum capitatum strain (or provenance) of selecting through selective nursery, identify the quality of strain (or provenance), comprise the quality of growing way, proterties how, the Primary Evaluation such as output height and quality.According to seed, seedling quantity, community should be large, and establish repetition.Should carry out plantation and management process record.Think that the good strain of certain performance can rise up into varietal yield test.
(4) separate sources polygonum capitatum comparative study
1, the purpose of comparative trial: the quality of cultivar directly has influence on quality of medicinal material quality and output height, thereby has influence on the economic benefit of production of crude drugs.The selection of polygonum capitatum provenance adopts the kind pairing method, choosing the wild polygonum capitatum of different growing environments is introduced a fine variety, observe contrast and respectively introduce a fine variety growing state, diseases and insect pests resistance, output and the quality of medicinal material situation of wild polygonum capitatum a little, selection robust growth, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, quality of medicinal material is good and fractional yield is higher kind are as provenance.
2, comparative trial
(1) test method: according to the early-stage Study to germ plasm resource, by the Shibing provenance SBLZ2090918 of Pan county provenance PX090808-3, San Keshu town, Kerry KL090818-1, Yunnan provenance YN090820-3, YN090820-4, cultivation as a comparison object planted observational study.
By polygonum capitatum field planting method, undertaken.Transplant after 1 month and carry out intertill and clean tillage one time, and weed out the rank grass in good time.In 20 days after cuttage, within every 2 days, water once, water once weekly according to weather and soil moisture situation later.Damage by disease and insect be take cultural control as main, as measures such as black light lamps, manual catching and killings.Fig. 7 has shown that the comparative trial community arranges schematic diagram.
Gather about mid-September, select fine day to be gathered in, with reaping hook, extract acrial part (not staying old stem branch), shrug off earth, claim fresh weight by community immediately, fill in record sheet.Then airing on the spot.Adopt the counter sample product and be put in oven dry (below 60 ℃) in drying room, take out under room temperature and place 24 hours, unification weighs up various kinds product dry weight, fills in record sheet.The medicinal material sample send the check of quality inspection department, and survey report is provided after check.Vine growth and development situation, the disease resistance of plant, resistance, the adaptability on observed and recorded various kinds ground, and carry out sample prescription and survey product, drug effect (index) component content mensuration etc., select the high high-quality polygonum capitatum varieties of plant of effective component content to be cultivated as improved seeds.Select robust growth, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, quality of medicinal material is good and kind that fractional yield is higher is cultivated as provenance.
(2) experimental study: the experiment observed result is as table 12.From table, the plantation of the polygonum capitatum of separate sources to be planted under equivalent environment, its Morphological Features can keep certain difference.Reflect the YN090820-3 that comes from south of Yunnan, the advantage on YN090820-4 plant growing way from the plant average height, its plant floor file thickness is all more than 19cm.The stem average diameter is higher than the plant of local provenance.On the form of blade, Pan county, Shibing and Kerry provenance plant maximum blade average length are less than 6.5cm, and Breadth Maximum is less than 4cm; The plant maximum blade average length that derives from the south of Yunnan provenance is greater than 6.5cm, and Breadth Maximum is greater than 4cm.On vane thickness without significant difference.Derive from YN090820-3, the YN090820-4 of south of Yunnan aspect damage by disease and insect, also tentatively show certain advantage.
Table 12: comparative trial is observed statistical form
Annotate: observation on August 16th, 2010.
The plantation of the polygonum capitatum of separate sources is planted under equivalent environment, survey product in picking time, from table 13, 5 source medicinal material fresh goods overall average output are 1360.6kg/ mu (dry medicinal material 262.5kg/ mu), derive from the YN090820-3 of south of Yunnan, YN090820-4 reaches respectively 1406.9kg/ mu (dry medicinal material 284.2kg/ mu) and 1550.5kg/ mu (dry medicinal material 300.8kg/ mu), provenance SBLZ2090918 is 1395.8kg/ mu (dry medicinal material 268kg/ mu), there is no significant difference ((P > 0.05) with overall average, KL090818-1 with overall average difference extremely significantly (P<0.01).
In table 14, quality testing result at the sample to 5 Different Provenances shows, the medicinal material sample that comprises stock breeding garden and production demonstration ground of gathering in mid-September, its quercetin content level is higher, sample SBLZ2090918 still keeps its merit (P > 0.05), except PX090808-3 and overall poor heteropole significantly (P<0.01), KL090818-1, YN090820-3, YN090820-4 difference is (P > 0.05) all not significantly, and quercetin content is more than 0.36%; On Determination of Quercitrin, PX090808-3 difference is still extremely significantly (P<0.01); The general flavone content aspect, with YN090820-4, KL090818-1, preponderate, with YN090820-3 and overall poor heteropole significantly (P<0.01), YN090820-4, KL090818-1 difference is (P > 0.05) not significantly, between 2.250% and 3.101%; Under cultivation condition, gallic acid content, take KL090818-1 content as high, is 0.231%, but with natural crude drugs, larger decline relatively arranged, and mainly due to Quercetin and general flavone, mainly is distributed in difference in sprout and leaf, and gallic acid mainly accumulates in old branch; On the extract percentage composition, in 5 provenances, SBLZ2090918 shows remarkable extreme difference different (P<0.01), is 24.7%, and all the other provenance differences not obvious (P > 0.05), all more than 25%.Above quality testing presentation of results, the KL090818-1 of provenance SBLZ2090918, the YN090820-3 that derives from Yunnan, YN090820-4 and Kerry for production cultivated in 2008 has quality-advantage, can further further investigate.
Table 13: the separate sources polygonum capitatum is relatively surveyed the product record
Annotate: on September 18th, 2010 surveys.
Table 14: the comparative test quality of medicinal material detects table
Annotate: detect in October, 2010.
3, brief summary: complex inheritance diversity analysis and small plot experiment are surveyed and are produced result, the provenance SBLZ2090918 (the former WMSC2008 that is numbered) cultivated in 2008 is suitable to be used and plants as cultivation, within 2009, draw the wild provenance KL090818-1 of three trees in Kerry and within 2009, draw the wild provenance YN090820-3 in the Baoshan, Yunnan city, YN090820-4 is at extract, general flavone and quercetin content are all higher, YN090820-3, in YN090820-4 and Guizhou Province, the provenance genetic diversity has larger difference, YN090820-3, YN090820-4 genetic variation does not have notable difference, can be used as the advantage provenance and cultivate original seed, and carry out relevant compatibility test and study.And KL090818-1 needs further to investigate its output situation.
(2) regional test
1, purpose and meaning: utilize the seed that fine provenance that the Different Provenances comparative test selects is cultivated to carry out the planting experiment of zones of different (Different Altitude, soil type) inside the province, for layout and the planning of medicinal material of polygonum capilalum production base provides foundation.
2, content of the test, method and enforcement ground: with existing cultivation polygonum capitatum fine provenance (WMSC2008, cultivate in large village head's col base of Niu great Chang town, Shibing County ox).In Guizhou, select the plot that can represent the test region characteristics in the area of different altitude height, soil type to be tested.7 test sites are established in this test altogether, as (850 meters, Niu great Chang town, Shibing County, sa loess), Kweiyang is improved literature (1200 meters, loess), the west of Guizhou Province Zhong Ping town is (1000 meters, limestone loess), Bijie Liang Yan town (1400 meters, the brown gravel soil), Qi Yanqiao town, Anshun (1200 meters, limestone loess), Yu She township, Shuicheng County are (1800 meters, yellow sandy soil), slab bridge town, Pan county plum punching (1700 meters, limestone loess).665 square metres of each test site areas (1 mu).Carry out according to grow seedlings rules, plantation rules and field management rules of polygonum capitatum in Production of Large Fields each test site.
3, results and analysis
The SBLZ20090918 that the production of seed selection in 2008 of take is bred in stock breeding garden in 2009 with fine provenance carries out compatibility test as object.In late Febuary, 2010 early March, according to plan in (850 meters, Niu great Chang town, Shibing County, Guizhou, sa loess), Kweiyang is improved literature (1200 meters, loess), (1000 meters, Zhong Ping town, the west of Guizhou Province, sandstone loess), (1400 meters, Bijie Liang Yan town, the brown gravel soil), (1200 meters, Qi Yanqiao town, Anshun, limestone loess), (1800 meters, Yu She township, Shuicheng County, yellow sandy soil), (1700 meters of slab bridge town, Pan county plum punchings, limestone loess) set up test site to be grown seedlings, due to (1800 meters, slab bridge town, Pan county plum punching and Yu She township, Shuicheng County, yellow sandy soil) affected by severe drought, grow seedlings not successful, Jin You Anshun, test site Xixiu District, Liang Yan town, Bijie City, construction village, Zhong Ping town, Qianxi County, Liu Tun township, Xiuwen County, 5 places, Niu great Chang town, Shibing County.
Table 15: polygonum capitatum compatibility test field observation statistical form (2010.8.)
Affected by the various places arid climate just must transplant in mid-June, 2010.Early August is carried out tracing observation, and early September has been carried out the theoretical product of surveying in diagonal five-spot field, and collection medicinal material sample is detected.
Experimental field be distributed in the zone of height above sea level 850-1400 rice, be farming mellow soil, soil types has sa loess, sandstone loess, loess and brown grit soil.From table 15, the growth mid-term early August, plant average branch number between 15-33,5 test site mean values 27.4, experimental field the highest with Xixiu District Qi Yanqiao town, Anshun, base, construction village, Zhong Ping town, Qianxi County is minimum; All reflect 5 test sites that from long shoot bar length, maximum blade length and width and stem average diameter growth vigor be take Xixiu District Qi Yanqiao town, Anshun as excellent, secondly be that Niu great Chang town, Shibing County, Liang Yan town, Bijie City, test site, Zhong Ping town, ，Er Qianxi County, Xiuwen County, Guiyang are poor; Aspect damage by disease and insect, Niu great Chang test site, ，Chu Shibing is planted area for many years, finds that there is disease and more insect pest, and other four points are plantation first, do not find the disease plant, find that there is a small amount of common pest damage.
From table 15, the field observation in August shows, follows the tracks of 33 elegant with west, Anshun of 5 its branch amounts of plant the highest, and 15, Zhong Ping town, the west of Guizhou Province is minimum, and overall mean is 27; Branch length, the long shoot bar average length of 5 test site plant is 52.8cm, and 5 plant mean values of each point are up to the western elegant 60.7cm of eucalyptus, are secondly the 56.7cm on level ground in the west of Guizhou Province, and the bright rock of minimum Bijie is 47.6cm; Diameter statistical conditions at plant maximum blade and stem, also show the advantage of Xi Xiu test site, Anshun.Test site damage by disease and insect situation, except some generation in Shibing is heavier, other four points all do not occur or are not obvious on the polygonum capitatum impact, and it is all to plant first that main cause should be four points.Height, maximum blade length and width are added up average site when gathering September, the survey of 5 points to be produced to sample ground plant, table 15 demonstration, test site, Xixiu District Qi Yanqiao town, Anshun still shows clear superiority, and plant on the spot highly reaches 25.26cm, maximum blade is long 5.18cm on average, wide 2.92cm.Table 16 has shown polygonum capitatum compatibility test field observation statistical form (2010.9).
Table 16: polygonum capitatum compatibility test field observation statistical form (2010.9.)
Table 17: polygonum capitatum compatibility test field is surveyed and is produced statistical form (2010.9.)
From table 17, in 5 test sites, Xixiu District Qi Yanqiao town, Anshun test site per mu yield fresh goods is 1221 kilograms, 254.4 kilograms of dry products, the rate of giving money as a gift reaches 20.8%, improve literature in Shibing Niu great Chang, Kweiyang, the bright rock of Bijie and 5 some mean value is more all without significant difference (P > 0.05), phase rainfall impact on the low side before and after Liang Yan town, Bijie City, test site, Zhong Ping town, Qianxi County are subject to, per mu yield is lower than 200 kilograms of dry products, only be respectively 165.7 kilograms and 120.6 kilograms, especially level ground and the poor heteropole of overall average output remarkable (P<0.01) in the west of Guizhou Province.
Table 18: polygonum capitatum compatibility test medicinal material detection statistics table
Carry out quality evaluation at the medicinal material to 5 test sites, detected quercetin content and Determination of Quercitrin, table 18 demonstration, in the medicinal material sample of twice collection, quercetin content all meets provincial standard and inner controlling standard of enterprise, and mean value is more than 0.4%.But the Quercetin of two test site samples that early August gathers and Determination of Quercitrin are all than the height of early September, Xixiu District Qi Yanqiao town, Anshun test site Quercetin and Determination of Quercitrin gather in medicinal material September apparently higher than other 4 points, with overall average relatively without significant difference (P > 0.05), reach respectively 0.822% and 1.338%, and Xiuwen County, Guiyang, Zhong Ping town, Qianxi County is lower, quercetin content is lower than 0.3%, level ground point and overall average comparing difference significantly (P<0.05) in the west of Guizhou Province, Niu great Chang town, Shibing County and Liang Yan town, Bijie City in the normal contents level.
Above Preliminary Experiment explanation, now cultivation has stronger adaptability with kind of a SBLZ20090918 (the former WMSC2008 of being numbered) in Shibing planting site, test site, Xixiu District Qi Yanqiao town, Anshun, two places can be used as the most suitable region of this provenance, can carry out spread; Xiuwen County, Guiyang and Liang Yan town, Bijie City can be used as its Suitable Area, can suitably plant.
embodiment 8: the rejuvenation of polygonum capitatum fine-variety breeding and stock breeding construction of base research C---stock breeding construction of base with
observational study
(1) breading protospecies
1, the selection of original seed farm: the fine provenance WMSC2008 through filtering out has stronger adaptability to soil types and environment.For guarantee cultivating the kind of original seed, prevent that biology from mixing with the people for mixing, select away from the polygonum capitatum planting area and without the wild region that belongs to kindred plant together, facing south, ventilation, the secure yellow loam in water source be advisable, the about 300m of original seed farm area
2.Set up fence around in garden and prevent that the fowl poultry from entering.
2, determining of maternal plant and cutting: select May the plant of the anosis worm of good health as maternal plant or as the source of transplanting a cutting from the resource conservation garden.Cutting should meet following standard.
The preparation of 3, transplanting a cutting: 3 joints of clip tool are above, be about the stem branch of 6-10cm as cutting, stay 1 piece of blade on every stem cutting fringe, be placed in the plastic basin that clear water is housed by polygonum capitatum cottage cutting standard (trying) requirement (table 19) classification, prevent the cuttings dehydration, affect cuttage survival rate.
Table 19: polygonum capitatum cottage cutting standard (trying)
4, wholely: in choosing plot, plough deeply soil 20cm, weed a garden, the foreign material such as stone, after breaking up the clods, drag for into the bed of wide 1m, high 10cm with hoe, the operation wide 40cm in road, the every even 2000kg of spreading well-rotted farmyard manure per mu and 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 20kg make base fertilizer subsequently, and mix in conjunction with whole soil and bed surface soil, then with scraper plate, strike off bed surface.
5, cottage method: be 15cm * 15cm by cutting density, use the small wooden thicker than cuttings, insert the dark hole of dark about 2.5cm in bed surface, then insert and transplant a cutting, inserted the saturating clear water of rear spray, take plastic canopy, and the sunshade net that is 70% by light transmittance shelters from heat or light.
6, field management:
1. spray water: spray the front every day of taking root with watering can, and water keeps growing seedlings ground moistening.
2. weed out the rank grass: pull out at any time the weeds in seedbed, keep the clean of seedbed.
3. aeration-cooling: as when temperature of shed reaches 30 ℃, to open the two ends of canopy, strengthen ventilating in canopy, reduce temperature of shed and relative moisture, prevent that high temperature from burning the generation of seedling and disease.
4. draining: deep-cut drain ditch in surrounding, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 40cm, drainage waterlogging prevention.Cleared up the railway carriage or compartment ditch between the interior canopy of nursery and canopy simultaneously, made unimpeded the entering in the surrounding ditch to external drainage of rainwater energy.
5. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the damage by disease and insect between nursery stage is adhered to the principle of relying mainly on prevention, and notes ventilating in canopy, prevents that damage by disease and insect from invading; Find artificial elimination for insect pest; The discovery disease is pulled out diseased plant, and carries out soil disinfection with lime.
6. take off canopy: cuttage, after 10 days, is taken off canopy.
7. field planting: the last week, remove sunshade net, and reduce and water.Inspection survives situation, and it is 30cm * 30cm that thinning makes density.Remove weak seedling, band soil was mended and was planted field planting strong sprout.
8. impurity elimination roguing and prevent from mixing: plant original seed farm [clonal selection breeding] with the method for plant division or cuttage and seedling culture, strengthen quarantine measures, field liquid manure and pest management, and impurity elimination roguing in time.
(7) collect seed: late July enters initial bloom stage, gathers in time full, pure seed 1000～2000 grams the 8-11 month as original seed in batches.
(8) in garden, observe and quality of medicinal material detects: gather the garden traditional Chinese medicine, censorship, observe the stability of its quality.
(2) stock breeding construction of base
1, the purpose and meaning of test are bred in breeding strange land isolation: according to the strong but easy characteristics of Hybridization and degeneration between Different Provenances of polygonum capitatum adaptability, the fine provenance selected is carried out breeding away from the main producing region isolation, to guarantee to produce the purity with planting, prevent the quick degeneration of provenance, extend the breeding life cycle.
2, the selection in stock breeding base: should select to be separated by more than 500m with the polygonum capitatum planting site according to the polygonum capitatum stock breeding ground that requires of polygonum capitatum pollination characteristics and the anti-assorted pure keeping of stock breeding, in highland, weather gage, there is no polygonum capitatum plantation history, and have thick forest can with the polygonum capitatum planting site effectively isolation to prevent from mixing and to go here and there the central plot of powder.
3, Breeding base area definition: according to the plantation development plan, by every mu of seed collecting field about 15kg of mature seed that can gather, every mu of land for growing field crops needs approximately 12000 strains of transplanted seedling, with thousand 0.95g of seed, emergence rate 90%, planting percent 40%, calculates stock breeding field area.
4, the facility of Breeding base requires:
(1) isolation facility: peripheral arbor forest land, in community the corn isolation strip.
(2) irrigate the water drainage facility: pond, drain ditch.
(3) extermination of disease and insect pest: integrated control facility.
(4) traffic: road equipment.
(5) farmyard manure harmless treatment facility: make compost hole.
(6) handling facility: establish the personal management, the keeper is giveed training to examination.
(3) management in stock breeding base and seed production
1, original seed and breading protospecies: on the basis of observation and comparison test, preserve in storehouse at Germplasm Resources or seed sample and select robust growth, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, quality of medicinal material is good and plant or the seed of the provenance that fractional yield is higher, carry out cuttage, plant division or seed seedling-raising, build isolator original seed farm nurture original seed approximately 500～1000g as the original seed in breeding garden.Should note taking measures to prevent that biology from mixing and mechanical admixture.
2, grow seedlings: adopt raise seedling in greenhouse or land for growing field crops shed to grow seedlings, the same booth such as its seedling-cultivating method, field management or land for growing field crops shed seedling-cultivating method.Seedlings growing area 200-300m
2, high-quality seedling 20-30 ten thousand strains are provided.Table 20 has been described breeding WMSC2008 propagation nursery in 2010 and has been observed and detected the data statistics result.
Data statistics is observed and detected to table 20:2010 breeding WMSC2008 propagation nursery
3, transplanting and field management: with polygonum capitatum field-transplanting method and field management method.Note carrying out field observation, in time the removal of impurities pure keeping.
4, the gathering and preserving of seed: gather mature seed in the 9-11 month, dry, impurity elimination, cloth bag saves backup.Concrete grammar is: left hand is held a shallow bid (diameter 10cm, dark 4-5cm), shallow bid is stretched in to the head infructescence to start loose, the tepal that deposit the seed place becomes white, coated fruit place, bottom is cyan infructescence, gently pinch infructescence with hand thumb and forefinger, seed is fallen within dish, then put indoor drying in the shade.Produce with kind after drying, rub with hand rubbing, winnowing with a dustpan deflorates is waited impurity, the cloth bag of then packing into to put the shady and cool place of indoor seasoning to preserve, note rat preservative and damage by worms, and avoiding and other specific admixture for non-production purposes.
5, sample detecting: regularly (per month) collection medicinal material sample detects analysis, and its mass change situation of tracing observation, make the evaluation of provenance in time.As on September 20th, 2010, the survey that breeding WMSC2008 is carried out in garden was produced its output and is reached 268Kg/ mu, and sample is detected, and its medicinal material quercetin content reaches 0.533%.
Claims (10)
1. heat is drenched the building method that clear granular raw medicinal material Polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource Planting in the different location is preserved garden, and the method comprises the following steps:
A, germ plasm resource are collected, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) select provenance: in the main area of polygonum capitatum, select the wild polygonum capitatum of different ecological environment to be introduced a fine variety;
(2) wild seed collection: on the well-grown typical sample of selected polygonum capitatum ground, select the plant that health is disease-free, shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red, as the seed collecting plant; By the ripening fruits of hand getting collection polygonum capitatum, pack in ventilative good seed collecting bag, naturally dry, rub the tepal that goes white transparent with the hands, the kraft paper bag of packing into, put in refrigerator and preserve;
(3) fresh and alive plant gathers with the cultivation plant selected: on seed collecting sample ground, select healthy plant band soil disease-free, that shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red to dig out, move into germplasm resource conservation garden and cultivated;
(4) detecting sample collection makes with collection of specimens: extract the polygonum capitatum fresh goods on seed collecting sample ground and dry rapidly or dry, the interior preservation of the sample sack of the sealing of packing into, with for detection of its quality; Take the whole plant with root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit on seed collecting sample ground, make exsiccata, to carry out the species evaluation;
B, germ plasm resource are preserved garden construction, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of Germplasm Resources: choose never planted polygonum capitatum and with polygonum capitatum planting site on every side isolated leeward, on the sunny side, the plot of source of irrigation water is arranged, set up germ plasm resource and deposit garden, and it is divided into to the difference plantation community of mutual isolation;
(2) plantation: the fresh and alive plant gathered is planted respectively in the plantation garden district dug by spacing in the rows, the line-spacing of 30cm * 30cm, drawn garden district plantation schematic diagram and perform mark;
(3) production of hybrid seeds: in plant blossom Qian Jiang community and other community, fully keep apart, the seed of gathering 8～November, save backup after dry impurity elimination;
(4) build the garden results and analysis: by above selection Germplasm Resources, plantation and production of hybrid seeds process, analyzed building the garden result, to obtain best germ plasm resource;
C, seed storage: under normal temperature or cryogenic conditions by the polygonum capitatum seed storage obtained, to do that original seed is preserved or for sowing.
2. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that Shi Guizhou Province, described each seedbed, Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province, ,Huo Hunan Province, Chongqing City are domestic, preferably domestic in Guizhou Province.
3. according to the method for claim 1 to 2, wherein:
Described fresh and alive plant gathers with the cultivation plant and selectes in operation, to select the well-grown typical sample of polygonum capitatum ground in different regions, record its state of ecological environment, and select healthy plant band soil disease-free, that shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red to dig out, gather fresh and alive plant at least 30 strains everyly, be put in vasculum and take back, move into germplasm resource conservation garden; Perhaps
Described fresh and alive plant gathers with the cultivation plant and selectes in operation, that experiment and demonstration base polygonum capitatum is planted large Tanaka, select well-grown polygonum capitatum plant (healthy disease-free, shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red) or the plant of stable variation features is arranged, its growth of observed and recorded and Morphological Features; Be with soil to dig out plant, be put in vasculum and take back, move into germplasm resource conservation garden.
4. according to the method for claims 1 to 3, wherein:
While being detected the operation of sample collection and collection of specimens making, described oven dry is below 60 ℃, forced air drying;
Detected after sample collection below 60 ℃ forced air drying; Be pressed into the specimen holder that is placed with blotting paper after preparation of specimen's sample collection, dry or dry in the shade;
Selected Germplasm Resources is the forest land at height above sea level 700～1000; And/or
In step C, seed storage is in room temperature or 0～5 ℃ of preservation.
5. the processing method with seed is bred in the plantation of the clear granular raw medicinal material Polygonum capitatum of heat pouring, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) the observation seed characteristics is suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding use to obtain, and it comprises at least one following steps: press GB/T3543.3 crop seeds detection method and carry out the cleanliness analysis; Press the check of GB/T3543.7 crop seeds inspection procedure sundry item, gravimetry thousand kernel weight; Press GB/T3543.6 crop seeds detection method and carry out determination of moisture; Press GB/T3543.4 crop seeds detection method and carry out germination test to measure germination rate;
(2) storage of seed: will be suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding use and be loaded in ventilative good kraft paper bag or cotton bag, and tighten sack, and then put in drier, refrigerator and reach under room temperature and preserve; Using the polygonum capitatum seed collection time as the storage zero-time, take germination rate and/or germination vigor and determine basic storage period of seed according to the storage purpose as index;
(3) planting seed and polygonum capitatum plantation: under 15 ℃～35 ℃ (preferably 15 ℃～30 ℃) and natural lighting condition, seed is sowed, made seed sprouting, carry out the plantation of polygonum capitatum.
6. according to the method for claim 5, wherein in step (1):
The cleanliness of described seed is greater than or equal to 85%;
The germination rate of described seed is greater than or equal to 75%;
The thousand kernel weight of described seed is greater than or equal to 0.80g; And/or
The moisture of described seed is less than or equal to 12%.
7. according to the method for claim 5 to 6, in wherein said step (1), that obtains is suitable as the polygonum capitatum seed of breeding use, and the cleanliness of this seed is greater than or equal to 85%, germination rate is greater than or equal to 75%, thousand kernel weight is greater than or equal to 0.80g, moisture is less than or equal to 12%.
8. according to the method for claim 5 to 7, in wherein said step (2):
The seed of preserving for original seed is stored 0 ℃～5 ℃ refrigerations;
The seed of preserving for original seed is to store and be no more than 3 years 0 ℃～5 ℃ refrigerations, preferably is no more than 2 years;
For the production seed of planting medicinal material Polygonum capitatum, be at room temperature to refrigerate storage; And/or
Production at room temperature refrigerates to store with seed and is no more than 2 years, preferably is no more than 1.5 years, preferably is no more than 1 year.
9. according to the method for claim 5 to 8, in wherein said step (3):
Before seed is sowed, the perianth that the seed place is deposited is removed;
During sowing, be that seed is mixed and broadcasts sowing with fine earth, earthing not after planting; And/or
Sowing bonnet mulch film is to keep seedbed soil table humidity.
10. heat is drenched the plantation mating system of clear particle medicinal material Polygonum capitatum, and it comprises the following steps:
(1) polygonum capitatum germ plasm resource Planting in the different location is preserved the construction in garden;
(2) processing with seed is bred in the plantation of polygonum capitatum; With
(3) carry out the plantation of polygonum capitatum with the seed of step (2).
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| CN104855111B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-12-22 | 安顺市西秀区春实绿化苗木有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of polygonum capitatum |
| CN105325145A (en) * | 2015-10-24 | 2016-02-17 | 贵州省施秉县大富祥药业有限公司 | Method for inter-planting polygonum capitatum and chrysanthemum flowers |
| CN109757235A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-17 | 云南省红河热带农业科学研究所 | Improve the method that jackfruit germ plasm resource collects success rate |
| CN111771598A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-16 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Method for collecting tea tree local germplasm resources in dot mode and building nursery |
| CN111771598B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-04-22 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Method for collecting tea tree local germplasm resources in dot mode and building nursery |
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