CN103444415B - Breeding seedling-growing method for polygonum capitatum of Relinqing granule medicine materials - Google Patents
Breeding seedling-growing method for polygonum capitatum of Relinqing granule medicine materials Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a breeding seedling-growing method for polygonum capitatum of Relinqing granule medicine materials. The method concretely comprises the steps of (1) harvesting polygonum capitatum seeds: harvesting in August-October, and placing the seeds indoors for drying; (2) seed storing and storage room building: building a storage room which has the environment with the temperature according with requirements and is used for seeds for stock seed breeding and good seed breeding, wherein the seeds for stock breeding and good seed breeding are preserved under the environment condition of 0-5 DEG C; (3) seed developing, germinating and seedling-growing: selecting and building a good seed breeding base, sowing and seedling in late February and early March, and after sowing, performing moisturizing treatment in a greenhouse or arch house in a mode of covering the field face with a mulch; (4) managing in a seedling-growing period and transplanting: removing the mulch when the emergency rate achieves more than 70% and performing managing in the seedling growing period, and transplanting from the end of April to mid-May. The invention provides a better medicine material planting method for the polygonum capitatum of Relinqing granule medicine materials.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medicinal material planting technology field.Relate to a kind of method of planting polygonum capitatum, particularly relate to the breeding and seedling method of Relinqing Granula crude drug polygonum capitatum.
Background technology
The former plant of polygonum capitatum is polygonaceae (Polygonaceae) Polygonum (Polygonum) plant polygonum capitatum (Polygonumcapitatum Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don).Its medicinal part is acrial part or herb, using fresh herb or dry use; Record in " Guizhou Province's traditional Chinese medicine, Ethnic crude drugs quality standard " (version in 2003).
Polygonum capitatum bitter, pungent, cool in nature.Return kidney, urinary bladder channel.There is clearing heat and promoting diuresis, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, inducing diuresis for treating strangurtia function.Cure mainly dysentery, pyelonephritis, cystitis, lithangiuria, pelvic infecton, prostatitis, rheumatalgia, injury from falling down, the illness such as sore eczema.
Polygonum capitatum medicinal history is long, begins to be loaded in " Guangxi Chinese medicinal herbal " (1963, second), is mainly used in treating rheumatalgia; Within 1977, record in " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " (1977, the first volume), be mainly used in treating dysentery, ephritis, cystitis, lithangiuria etc.; " Miao in Guizhou medical research and exploitation " (1999), " Guizhou Province's traditional Chinese medicine quality standard " (version in 1988) and " Guizhou Province's traditional Chinese medicine, Ethnic crude drugs quality standard " (version in 2003) etc. are all given and being recorded.
Polygonum capitatum is national folk medicinal herbs most in use, applies very extensive.Its in different regions, different nationalities has different addresses.Add up with literature survey factually, polygonum capitatum once had more than 20 another name.Such as: the four seasons red (" Guizhou Province's traditional Chinese medicine quality standard " version in 1988), himalayan creeper herb (" GUIHAIA register "), water silk ball, economize fourth grass (" Guizhou Chinese herbal medicine register "), red acid bar, Gypsophila acutifolia, stone food (" national Chinese herbal medicine compilation "), capitate knotweed herb, Polygonum capitatum Buch (" Guangxi Chinese medicinal herbal "), solar grass (" Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine "), completely red, fire pomegranate grass (" mountain of papers Chinese herbal medicine "), safflower Chinese violet, straightstalk alpine meadowrue herb, little copper weed, small red grass (" choosing of Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine "), Sorrel, grass stone green pepper, heronsbill (" Yunnan spermatophyte register "), copper mine grass (" Traditional Chinese Medicine in Sichuan will "), rock buckwheat, blue or green shadow (" Hubei flora ") etc.
Polygonum capitatum is again that multiple ethnic group is medicinal, the seedling medicine that particularly seedling doctor is the most conventional; Its name is called " Dlobdongd xok " (approximate Chinese phonetic is translated into " searching gear rope ")." four seasons are red " is then the most frequently used herbal medicine name of Guizhou province national folk; The ethnic group in some places, Guizhou is also called " completely red ", " drum fourth bubble " etc.
Guizhou is a multi-national province lived in concentrated communities, and has 49 nationalitys such as the Chinese, seedling, Bouyei, Dong; Wherein maximum with Miao ethnic group, reach more than 400 ten thousand, account for more than 49% of national Miao ethnic group total population.Along with struggle for existence and the production practices of Miao ethnic group ancients, along with the development of society, progressively formed and develop into the abundant in content and Miao Minority of uniqueness.Seedling medicine is the medicine that Miao people is conventionally used to prevention, treatment and keeps healthy; Be the cultural assets that Miao people passes on so far for thousands of years, there is long hand down, outstanding national characteristic and region.Guizhou seedling medicine aboundresources, its source relates to autonomic drug, animal drugs and mineral drug.And the polygonum capitatum of special effect Miao in Guizhou medicinal history is long just, the seedling medicine that at present research application is comparatively deep again.
Guizhou wild polygonum capitatum resource is very abundant, and all there is distribution in the whole province, is widely used at Guizhou national folk (particularly Miao ethnic group).Since the eighties in last century, the relevant scientific research institutions in Guizhou are just studied its resource, chemistry and drug effect and clinical practice etc., and research and develop with medicinal material of polygonum capilalum simple preparation seedling medicine " Relinqing Granula ".
Although wild polygonum capitatum resource is very abundant, but in the Producing medicinal herbs process needed for Chinese medicine preparation industrialization, expect that the nursery critical stage of planting particularly medicinal material plantation at medicinal material finds a kind of good method, with guarantee preparation production medicinal material high-quality, supply constantly, to ensure crude drug source, to stablize drug quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to seek effective medicinal material of polygonum capilalum planting technology.The nursery critical stage that the present inventor plants from medicinal material has carried out a large amount of effort, and obtains the result of desirable, the present invention is based on these effort and result and is accomplished.
For this reason, first aspect present invention provides the breeding and seedling method of Relinqing Granula crude drug polygonum capitatum, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) polygonum capitatum seed collection;
(2) seed storage and the foundation of preserving storehouse;
(3) planting seed, germination and nursery;
(4) nursery stage management and transplanting.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) polygonum capitatum seed collection: carry out in 8 ~ November, gather and carry out as follows: left hand holds a shallow bid, shallow bid is stretched in the tepal that head infructescence starts loose, seed place to deposit becomes white, bottom bag angiocarp crucial point is below cyan infructescence, gently infructescence is pinched with hand thumb and forefinger, make seed fall within dish, be placed in indoor and dry in the shade;
(2) seed storage with preserve the foundation in storehouse: set up have temperature 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C, drying, good air permeability environment for the preservation storehouse of breading protospecies, stock breeding seed; Production seed is preserved under room temperature or 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C environmental conditions; Breading protospecies, stock breeding seed preserve under 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C environmental conditions;
(3) planting seed, germination and nursery: stock breeding base (comprise base addressing and build canopy wholely) is built in choosing, late Febuary ~ early March carries out seeding and seedling raising, adopts the mode of carrying out furrow cover mulch film in booth or shed to carry out moisturizing process after sowing; With
(4) nursery stage management and transplanting: throw off mulch film when emergence rate reaches more than 70%, after taking off film, every day waters, and carries out necessary uprooting weed and thinning operation, and the aeration-cooling operation of necessity, drainage waterlogging prevention operation, extermination of disease and insect pest operation; In by the end of April ~ and seedbed is sprayed permeable the previous day by the transplanting of mid-May, and larger healthy seedling of choosing for second day, is bundled into wisp with the straw that bubble is crossed, is then placed in vessel, preferably cover wet cloth, rise with transplanting at any time.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (1), polygonum capitatum seed collection carried out in 8 ~ November.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (1), polygonum capitatum seed collection carries out as follows: left hand holds a shallow bid, shallow bid is stretched in the tepal that head infructescence starts loose, seed place to deposit becomes white, bottom bag angiocarp crucial point is below cyan infructescence, gently pinch infructescence with hand thumb and forefinger, make seed fall within dish.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (1), removes extraseminal persitent perianth sheet after polygonum capitatum seed collection.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (1), polygonum capitatum seed collection is placed on indoor and dries in the shade.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (1), the polygonum capitatum seed as breeding and seedling of gathering has the germination rate being greater than 80%.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (1), the polygonum capitatum seed as breeding and seedling of gathering has the germination vigor being greater than 70%.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (1), the polygonum capitatum seed as breeding and seedling of gathering has the thousand kernel weight being greater than 0.8g (being such as greater than 0.85g).
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (1), the polygonum capitatum seed as breeding and seedling of gathering has the moisture being less than 12%.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (1), the polygonum capitatum seed as breeding and seedling of gathering has the cleanliness being greater than 85%.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (2), described Seed storage storehouse is the preservation storehouse for breading protospecies, stock breeding seed.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (2), described Seed storage storehouse has the environment of temperature 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C, drying, good air permeability.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (2), for the production of seed (namely gather then, Second Year sow in spring kind polygonum capitatum seed) preserve under room temperature or 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C environmental conditions.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (2), for the production of seed preserve under dry and temperature is room temperature or 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C environmental conditions.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (2), for the production of seed preserve under dry, temperature environment conditions.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (2), preserves under 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C environmental conditions for breading protospecies, stock breeding seed.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (2), for breading protospecies, stock breeding seed 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C, preserve under dry environment condition.
In an embodiment of either side of the present invention, various types of seed is preserved at the reserve temperature of 3 ~ 4 DEG C.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (3), comprises the choosing of stock breeding base and builds.In one embodiment, comprise base addressing, wherein, booth addressing is: specify in the base required meeting traditional Chinese medicine GAP environmental quality, selects that road leads to, water leads to, electricity lead to, irrigation and drainage facilitate the plot of also wind sheltering to build booth; Land for growing field crops shed addressing is: specify in the base required meeting traditional Chinese medicine GAP environmental quality, select fertile soil, the soil is porous, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage make land for growing field crops shed and breed ground in level land easily.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (3), comprises the choosing of stock breeding base and builds.In one embodiment, comprise and build canopy wholely, wherein, booth is built canopy and is wholely: with the seedling bed of the wide 1m of brick one-tenth, high 20 ㎝, personal attendant's canopy in plastic tunnel.After deliberation, seedbed planted agent fills out the thin mellow soil of 15 ㎝ thick sieve (8 order), and then the every even 2000kg of spreading well-rotted farmyard manure per mu and 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 20kg make base fertilizer, after mixing thoroughly, strike off bed surface with scraper plate with bed soil.Land for growing field crops shed builds canopy: choosing in plot, plough deeply soil 20cm, weed a garden, the foreign material such as stone, after breaking up the clods, the seedbed of wide 1m, high 10cm is dragged for into hoe, the every even 2000kg of spreading well-rotted farmyard manure per mu and 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 20kg make base fertilizer subsequently, and mix in conjunction with whole soil and bed surface soil, then strike off bed surface with scraper plate.Cave dish is built canopy and is wholely: the topsoil getting mellow soil, after crossing 8 mesh sieves, admixes well-rotted farmyard manure 15kg/m
3with 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 0.15kg/m
3.Then fill out dish (288 caves/dish) and press cave, strike off card, neatly put in booth subsequently.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (3), used seed sprouting, seedling medium are selected from:
Matrix A, it is the mixture of peat, perlite, each portion of the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
Matrix B, it is wood sawdust;
Matrix C, it is perlite.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (3), used seed sprouting, seedling medium are matrix A, and it is the mixture of peat, perlite, each portion of the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (3), is less than 2.0cm by the thickness of earth covering of seed, is preferably less than 1.5cm, be preferably less than 1.0cm, be preferably less than 0.5cm.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (3), nursery is broadcasted sowing seed is mixed (such as mix with weight ratio 1:100 ~ 400, particularly mix with weight ratio 1:200 ~ 300) with fine earth (such as matrix soil) after.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (3), seeding and seedling raising be late Febuary ~ early March carries out.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (3), seeding and seedling raising adopts seedling method and land for growing field crops shed seedling method in booth.In one embodiment, raise seedling in greenhouse can adopt seedbed seedling method and point disk seedling growing method.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (3), adopts the mode of carrying out furrow cover mulch film in booth or shed to carry out moisturizing process after polygonum capitatum planting seed.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (4), in seedling management, when emergence rate reaches more than 70%, throws off mulch film.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (4), in seedling management, after taking off film, every morning 08:00 ~ 11:00 point or afternoon 14:00 ~ 18:00 point water sprager water to face, railway carriage or compartment, should not water during high temperature at noon; Further, after there is true leaf, water depending on the native situation of table in good time.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (4), carries out uprooting weed and thinning operation in seedling management.Particularly, such as, after tidy seedlings output, pull out the weeds in seedbed at any time, keep the clean of seedbed.In conjunction with uprooting weed, seedbed seedling method except weak seedling, retains 500 ~ 600 strains/m by density 2cm × 2cm hand-lifting
2.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (4), carries out aeration-cooling operation in seedling management.Particularly, such as, when temperature of shed reaches 30 DEG C, raise seedling in greenhouse rule opens gate and the curtain or take off canopy, then the two ends of opening canopy of field seedling raising method of ventilating, and strengthens ventilating in canopy, reduces temperature of shed and relative moisture, prevent high temperature from burning the generation of seedling and disease.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (4), carries out drainage waterlogging prevention operation in seedling management.Particularly, such as, during field seedling raising, drain ditch to be deep-cut in surrounding, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 40cm, drainage waterlogging prevention.Clear up the railway carriage or compartment ditch in nursery between canopy and canopy simultaneously, rainwater can unimpededly be entered in surrounding ditch to external drainage.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (4), carries out extermination of disease and insect pest operation in seedling management.Particularly, such as, the damage by disease and insect between nursery stage adheres to the principle of relying mainly on prevention, and notes ventilating in canopy, prevents damage by disease and insect from invading; Find that insect pest is eliminated with artificial; Find that disease pulls out diseased plant in time, and carry out soil disinfection with lime.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (4), carries out hardening operation in seedling management.Particularly, such as, when front 1 week of transplanting, take off canopy or open the ventilation curtain of booth, increase illumination, minimizing is watered.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (4), carries out lifting to nursery during growth foot and is transplanted in planting site.In one embodiment, described lifting operates as follows: seedbed is sprayed permeable the previous day by the transplanting of by the end of April ~ mid-May, larger healthy seedling of choosing for second day, wisp is bundled into the straw that bubble is crossed, then be placed in vessel, preferably cover wet cloth, rise with transplanting at any time.
Method according to a first aspect of the present invention obtains polygonum capitatum seedling and carries out lifting and after transplanting, can carry out Cultivate administration with reference to known method, such as, with reference to the method plantation described in CN1481666A, management.
Use method of the present invention, between continuous 5 year planting season, the polygonum capitatum seed growing seedling in polygonum capitatum GAP experiment and demonstration base and Demonstration And Extension base mostly is one-level seedling, and average height is 8.6cm, the every strain of the Average True number of sheets is 8, and test and production seedling all have quite high quality index.
Embodiment
Can be conducted further description the present invention by the following examples, but scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.One of skill in the art can understand, and under the prerequisite not deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can carry out various change and modification to the present invention.The present invention carries out generality and/or concrete description to the material used in test and test method.Although for realizing many materials that the object of the invention uses and method of operating is well known in the art, the present invention still describes in detail as far as possible at this.
In the present invention, following index and method can be used to seed testing:
1, sample: perform by GB/T3543.2 crop seeds detection method.
2, cleanliness analysis: perform by GB/T3543.3 crop seeds detection method.
3, thousand kernel weight measures: measure by GB/T3543.7 crop seeds inspection procedure sundry item inspection gravimetry.
4, determination of moisture: perform by GB/T3543.6 crop seeds detection method.
5, germination test: perform by GB/T3543.4 crop seeds detection method.The germination test of polygonum capitatum makes paper bed with filter paper or blotting paper, and pH value is 6.0 ~ 7.5, and temperature is carried out under 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C conditions.In the clean seed mixed, number gets 150 seeds, is a repetition, repeats 3 times with 50.
6, Purity: perform by GB/T3543.5 crop seeds detection method item.
embodiment 1: the comparative study of seed collection method and time
The present inventor has made germination test to the polygonum capitatum seed (infructescence of gathering, dries threshing) that Pan Guan town, Pan county, Guizhou Province, province, place, Yang Chang township gather, and result germination rate is all lower, is respectively 28.5% and 23.0%.The present inventor thinks, this may with collecting method to not relevant.The present inventor is in the resource investigation of polygonum capitatum, the inflorescence observing polygonum capitatum is capitulum, and on same inflorescence, the flowers are in blossom puts Time Inconsistency, and seed has ripe inconsistent characteristic and maturation and to be easily scattered afterwards characteristic, i.e. wind or touch infructescence with have gentle hands, namely seed comes off.Seed maturity is masked as head infructescence and starts loose, and the tepal that place is deposited becomes white, and bottom bag angiocarp crucial point is blackish green.Therefore, be necessary first to study its collecting method.
(1) comparative study of different collecting method: the germination rate and the germination vigor that present inventors studied polygonum capitatum seed 2 kinds of different collecting methods.
Method 1: left hand holds a shallow bid, and (diameter is about 10cm, dark 4cm ~ 5cm), shallow bid being stretched in head infructescence starts loose, the tepal that seed place is deposited becomes white, bottom bag angiocarp crucial point is cyan infructescence, gently infructescence is pinched with hand thumb and forefinger, make seed fall within dish, then put indoor and dry in the shade.
Method 2: the infructescence extracting band portion branches and leaves with sharp reaping hook gently, puts indoor and dries in the shade, rub threshing, the results are shown in Table 1.From result display, the germination rate (89.3%) of method 1, germination vigor (78.7%) are apparently higher than the germination rate (51.3%) of method 2 and germination vigor (36.7%).Therefore, polygonum capitatum seed collection 1 is advisable in method.
Table 1: the germination rate of different collecting method polygonum capitatum seed and germination vigor
| Test period | Collecting method | Test seed number (grain) | Germinative number (grain) | Germination rate (%) | Germination vigor (%) |
| 2003 | Method 1 | 150 | 134 | 89.3 | 78.7 |
| 2003 | Method 2 | 150 | 77 | 51.3 | 36.7 |
(2) comparative study of different harvest time: carried out thousand kernel weight to planting polygonum capitatum seed by collecting method 1 to family 8 ~ November, begun to see germinating time, germination rate, germination vigor measure comparative studies.4 indexs such as result (see table 2) thousand kernel weight are all without unusual significant difference, and therefore, family plants polygonum capitatum seed collection and is advisable with 8 ~ November.
Table 2: the thousand kernel weight of Different Harvesting Time polygonum capitatum seed and the situation of sprouting
embodiment 2: seed storage and treatment research
(1) comparative study of seed storage: after polygonum capitatum seed is loaded on kraft paper bag and cotton bag respectively, puts drier, refrigerator (0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C) and stored at room temperature, surveys germination rate when 12 months, surveys once every 6 months later.Result: pack with the kraft paper bag poor by gas permeability the polygonum capitatum seed preserved with the cotton bag of good air permeability, its germination rate is without significant difference.Polygonum capitatum seed storage is when lower 30 months of room temperature, and germination rate reduces to zero, but still has the germination rate enough meeting production seed when 18 months; When being stored in refrigerator (0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C), drier (room temperature) 30 months, still have germinating capacity, and the germination rate (18.0%) being stored in (0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C) in refrigerator is apparently higher than the germination rate be housed in drier (4.0%).Therefore, polygonum capitatum seed can pack storage, under long term storage should be placed on the low temperature environments such as refrigerator with free of contamination packaging material (cotton bag or kraft paper bag).
(2) comparative study of seed treatment: through the polygonum capitatum seed germination experiment of different disposal method whether (deflorate by), result of study finds, polygonum capitatum extraseminal persitent perianth sheet has significant inhibitory action (see table 3) to its sprouting, therefore, in actual production, polygonum capitatum seed should remove tepal.
Table 3: different disposal method polygonum capitatum seed quality situation
In addition, the present inventor has also carried out the collection of wild seed.Particularly, select the well-grown typical sample ground of polygonum capitatum in different regions, select the plant that health is disease-free, shoot and leaf growth is vigorous, look purplish red, as seed collecting plant, and record its state of ecological environment.During collection, by the ripening fruits of hand getting collection polygonum capitatum, load ventilative good seed collecting bag (cloth bag or kraft envelope), fasten the label of the number of finishing, naturally dry, rub with the hands and remove white flowers quilt, loading kraft paper bag is put indoor and is put in refrigerator and save backup.
embodiment 3, Seed storage storehouse and storage observational study thereof
(1) Seed storage storehouse: since two thousand six, the present inventor further enhances the Seed storage work of seed bank.As the single-strain seed of collection in 2009 and the population seed of collection in 2010, after evaluating by analysis, set up archives respectively, install with kraft envelope, put refrigerating box after sealing 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C preservations.The seed sample gathered, after making its abundant natural seasoning impurity elimination, loads seed sample bag, in-built desiccant (discolour silica gel) 15g ~ 20g, puts into intelligent thermoregulating refrigerator or refrigerator 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C preservations after sealing.Within every 6 months, get a sample (about 50) and detect seed vitality and germination rate.And check discolour silica gel, and as variable color, should in drying in oven or the desiccant renewed.When the seed vitality of seed and germination rate drop to below 30%, must the production of hybrid seeds again (transplanting the production of hybrid seeds at isolated area sample kind seedling raising and transplanting or resource garden plant division).The Seed storage storehouse that existing the present inventor sets up, has preserved the wild provenance of polygonum capitatum 187 parts of collection, 15 parts, breading protospecies, stock breeding seed.
(2) seed storage observational study: since two thousand six, continues to strengthen the observational study to polygonum capitatum seed storage.Such as breeding in September, 2009 garden is bred and through low temperature storage (2 ~ 3 DEG C, sealing) the polygonum capitatum seed of 6 months, carries out the result of germination test detection, in table 4 in March, 2010.
Table 4: deepfreeze (2 ~ 3 DEG C) polygonum capitatum percentage of seedgermination observes statistical form
As seen from the above table, the polygonum capitatum seed that stock breeding garden in 2009 is bred is at storehouse low tempertaure storage, and to 19 totally months in May, 2011, its germination rate still remains on more than 80%.
In the parallel test other with upper table 4, test with 0 ~ 1 DEG C, 1 ~ 2 DEG C, 3 ~ 4 DEG C, 4 ~ 5 DEG C, 6 ~ 7 DEG C, 9 ~ 10 DEG C reserve temperatures respectively, result shows, germination rate mean value at 0 ~ 1 DEG C and 1 ~ 2 DEG C of two kinds of temperature is respectively 77.33% and 80.06%, germination rate mean value at 4 ~ 5 DEG C, 6 ~ 7 DEG C, 9 ~ 10 DEG C three kinds of temperature is respectively 83.12%, 79.52% and 75.46%, but the germination rate mean value surprisingly, at the temperature of 3 ~ 4 DEG C reaches more than 92%.When repeating test under this reserve temperature of 3 ~ 4 DEG C, germination rate mean value, all in 92.14% ~ 94.03% scope, shows it is extremely useful under the reserve temperature of 3 ~ 4 DEG C.Therefore, in an embodiment of either side of the present invention, various types of seed is preserved at the reserve temperature of 3 ~ 4 DEG C.
the experimental study that embodiment 4, different substrates affect seed sprouting
(1) test method: with the PG2001 from Pan county Pan Guan for test seed, the seedling medium that design 3 kinds is different respectively, matrix A (peat, perlite, each portion mixing of the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed); Matrix B (wood sawdust); Matrix C (perlite).Above matrix is loaded the cave dish of same specification, each seedling medium establishes three repetitions, and totally 9 dishes, load matrix, leveling, and water permeable.Get test seed, every bunch planting kind 10, puts into hot-house culture, waters a water moisturizing every day.
(2) recording method: often kind of matrix is often coiled and taken out 10 caves at random, record starts seedling-growing time (when cotyledon stretches out native face), every day emerges strain number, every day early (08:00), in (14:00), the temperature in evening (20:00) and humidity, every day early, middle and late soil temperature, the number of falling seedling, end time of emerging, emergence rate, gesture of emerging, first piece of true leaf duration of run, second piece of true leaf duration of run, planting percent again after emerging.The whole carrying substrates of seedling of statistics takes out from cave, washes root matrix in water off, surveys that height of seedling, root are long, the number of blade with ruler, and the length measuring maximum true leaf, with wide, calculates its true leaf area (grow × wide).
(3) results and analysis: in the seedling growth test carried out with A, B, C tri-kinds of matrix, emergence rate is respectively 29.3%, 31%, 30% (see table 5), more equal no significant difference (P>0.05), thinks that the emergence rate of 3 kinds of different substrates to polygonum capitatum does not have a significant effect for this reason mutually.And on the growing height of seedling, the average height of seedling of matrix A exceeds 0.7 times than matrix B, exceed 1 times than matrix C, difference extremely significantly (P<0.01) (see table 6); From the growth of root system, the average root length in A matrix and all significantly high (see table 7) in B, C matrix, difference is extremely significantly (P<0.01); In the most true leaf number (see table 8) of seedlings and the area of maximum blade (see table 9) also all show obvious advantage (P<0.01).In addition, inventor also finds, in the nursery using matrix A to carry out, planting experiment, the polygonum capitatum seed of future generation obtained has higher thousand kernel weight, and the wild polygonum capitatum seed in 16 batches of Different sources sources is planted polygonum capitatum seed through the family of future generation that the method obtains and all had the thousand kernel weight being greater than 0.85g.
Table 5: the emergence rate of different substrates
Table 6: the average height of seedling of different substrates
Table 7: the average root of different substrates seedling is long
Table 8: the true leaf number of the most seedlings of different substrates
Table 9: the most maximum true leaf area of seedlings of different substrates
In sum, in 3 kinds of matrix of polygonum capitatum point disk seedling growing, with the matrix best results of peat, perlite, the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed mixing.Fertile loose sandy loam or composite soil should be used in nursery work to do seedbed as far as possible.
embodiment 5, different thickness of earth covering are on the experimental study of the impact of seed sprouting
1, experimental study design
To pick up from the seed of the wild polygonum capitatum of Pan county Pan Guan for experimental study seed.
Thickness of earth covering is designed to: 0cm, 0.5cm, 1.0cm, 1.5cm, 2.0cm, 2.5cm, 3.0cm, each thickness 3 groups repetition.Get 21 parts, test polygonum capitatum seed altogether, 100 every part.Separately get flowerpot and fill appropriate preprepared fine earth, leveling, and water permeable, then every basin evenly spreads a seed, after fixing thickness of earth covering with steel ruler, by test requirements document earthing, finally tie up flowerpot mouth with plastic film and rope, post test number, be placed on suitable place, by testing program observed and recorded.
2, results and analysis
(1) September 19 calendar year 2001, statistics found, emergence rate and thickness of earth covering are obvious negative correlation (see table 10), thickness of earth covering is that the emergence rate of 0cm, 0.5cm is substantially the same, be respectively 28%, 29%, thickness of earth covering drops to 3.7% rapidly when being 1cm, and more than earthing 2cm is not emerged, when polygonum capitatum seed seedling-raising is described, do not answer earthing blocked up, otherwise do not emerge.
(2) the shared total percentage sowing number of the sum of emerging of first 5 days from emerging.As can be seen from Table 11, thickness of earth covering is obvious negative correlation with gesture of emerging, and thickness of earth covering is that the germination vigor of 0cm, 0.5cm, 1cm is respectively 26%, 17%, 1.3%, and thickness of earth covering is 0 more than its germination vigor of more than 2cm.
Table 10: thickness of earth covering and emergence rate
Table 11: thickness of earth covering and gesture of emerging
(3) October 4 calendar year 2001, existing seedling number in statistics flowerpot, calculate seeding rate (the results are shown in Table 12): more than earthing 2cm's, emerge not yet, only has 0cm, 0.5cm, 1cm has seedling, this further illustrates, polygonum capitatum seed thickness of earth covering is more than more than 2cm, just can not emerge, it can also be seen that from table, although the emergence rate of earthing and earthing 0.5cm is not similar, be respectively 28%, 29%, but planting percent is respectively 17%, 24%, account for 60.7% of germination rate, 82.8%, this illustrates: slightly earthing, be conducive to improving planting percent, during actual nursery is produced, soil can be mixed with seed and broadcast sowing nursery.
Table 12: thickness of earth covering and planting percent relation
By the number of days of emerging of above-mentioned different thickness of earth covering, emergence rate, gesture of emerging, planting percent relatively more visible, use polygonum capitatum seed seedling-raising, do not answer earthing blocked up, should control in≤0.5cm.
To sum up experimental study shows, polygonum capitatum seed seedling-raising will be noted grasping following technical requirement:
(1) the polygonum capitatum seed collection time is planted by family, is advisable with 8 ~ November.
(2) receiving method of gathering is advisable with collected by hand, such as, left hand holds a shallow bid, and (diameter is about 10cm, dark 4cm ~ 5cm), shallow bid is stretched in head infructescence (start loose, the tepal that place is deposited becomes white, bottom bag angiocarp crucial point is cyan infructescence) below, gently pinch infructescence with hand thumb and forefinger, make seed fall within dish, then put indoor and dry in the shade.
(3) gather then, the polygonum capitatum seed that Second Year is sowed in spring can pack room temperature storage with free of contamination packaging material (cotton bag or kraft paper bag); If long term storage, under the low temperature such as refrigerator (0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C) environment should be placed.
(4) polygonum capitatum seed (achene) persitent perianth sheet outward has significant inhibitory action to its sprouting, and production polygonum capitatum seed should rub tepal with the hands.
(5) fertile loose sandy loam or composite soil should be used in nursery work to do seedbed as far as possible.
(6) polygonum capitatum seed seedling-raising, does not answer earthing blocked up, should control in≤1cm, in particularly≤0.5cm, or mixes soil with seed and broadcasts sowing nursery.
about seed seedling-raising key technology research and put into practice aspect
Through facts have proved for many years, the polygonum capitatum seeding and seedling raising time should spring late Febuary ~ early March, excessively late, transplanting time can be caused to postpone, affect output.But because the outdoor temperature in 2 ~ March is lower, land for growing field crops open country nursery often can not ensure that it transplanted at the beginning of by the end of April ~ 5 months, and in booth seedling method and land for growing field crops shed seedling method (raise seedling in greenhouse can adopt seedbed seedling method and point disk seedling growing method) can be incubated, moisturizing, to solve the Low Temperature Problems starting nursery March, and carry out polygonum capitatum stock breeding accordingly.
embodiment 6, the choosing of stock breeding base are built
(1) base addressing:
Booth: specify in the base required meeting traditional Chinese medicine GAP environmental quality, selects that road leads to, water leads to, electricity lead to, irrigation and drainage facilitate the plot of also wind sheltering to build booth.
Land for growing field crops shed: specify in the base required meeting traditional Chinese medicine GAP environmental quality, select fertile soil, the soil is porous, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage make land for growing field crops shed and breed ground in level land easily.
(2) canopy is built wholely
Booth: with the seedling bed of the wide 1m of brick one-tenth, high 20 ㎝, personal attendant's canopy in plastic tunnel.After deliberation, seedbed planted agent fills out the thin mellow soil of 15 ㎝ thick sieve (8 order), and then the every even 2000kg of spreading well-rotted farmyard manure per mu and 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 20kg make base fertilizer, after mixing thoroughly, strike off bed surface with scraper plate with bed soil.Table 13 shows the polygonum capitatum different seedling mediums growth of cereal crop seedlings comparative result of 55 days.
Table 13: the polygonum capitatum different seedling mediums growth of cereal crop seedlings of 55 days compares
| Sequence number | Nursery soil types | Height of seedling (cm) | True leaf number (piece) | Area (the cm of maximum leaf 2) | Root long (cm) |
| 1 | Mellow soil | 3.88 | 5 | 5.76 | 6.75 |
| 2 | The immature soil | 1.27 | 4 | 2.23 | 6.74 |
| 3 | Detritus soil | 2.75 | 5 | 4.99 | 7.80 |
Land for growing field crops shed: choosing in plot, plough deeply soil 20cm, weed a garden, the foreign material such as stone, after breaking up the clods, the seedbed of wide 1m, high 10cm is dragged for into hoe, the every even 2000kg of spreading well-rotted farmyard manure per mu and 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 20kg make base fertilizer subsequently, and mix in conjunction with whole soil and bed surface soil, then strike off bed surface with scraper plate.
Cave is coiled: the topsoil getting mellow soil, after crossing 8 mesh sieves, admixes well-rotted farmyard manure 15kg/m
3with 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 0.15kg/m
3.Then fill out dish (288 caves/dish) and press cave, strike off card, neatly put in booth subsequently.
embodiment 7, seeding and seedling raising
After deliberation, after polygonum capitatum planting seed thickness of earth covering no more than 0.5cm.Because the seed of polygonum capitatum is less, thousand kernel weight, less than 1g, is directly broadcasted sowing and not easily sprinkles evenly.The present inventor, through lot of experiments, finds to broadcast sowing with the fine earth seed dressing of 200 ~ 300 times to emerge relatively evenly, and can easily realize sowing the requirement to thickness of soil.Table 14 shows the result of the different type of seeding seedling-growing time of seedbed nursery and seedling matter.
Table 14: the different type of seeding seedling-growing time of seedbed nursery and seedling matter
| Process | Seedling-growing time | Height of seedling (cm) | True leaf number (piece) | Maximum blade size (cm 2) | Root long (cm) | To emerge the uniformity |
| Directly broadcast sowing | 7th day | 4.81 | 5 | 2.62×1.58=4.13 | 6.69 | Uneven |
| Broadcast rear shallow earthing | 7th day | 4.58 | 4 | 2.63×1.58=4.16 | 6.82 | Uneven |
| Mix soil to broadcast sowing | 7th day | 5.22 | 5 | 2.64×1.60=4.23 | 6.94 | Evenly |
The present inventor has also investigated the situation of emerging of polygonum capitatum after planting different moist keeping measures, particularly:
(1) booth: first seedbed is sprayed permeable, by 2g/m
2weigh seed, after mixing with the fine earth of mistake 8 mesh sieve of 200 ~ 300 times, then uniform broadcasting is on seedbed, has spread rear lid layer mulch film.
(2) land for growing field crops shed: first seedbed is sprayed permeable, by 2g/m
2weigh seed, after mixing with the fine earth of mistake 8 mesh sieve of 200 ~ 300 times, then uniform broadcasting is on seedbed, has spread rear lid layer mulch film.Finally do skeleton with bamboo chip and play shed.
(3) cave dish: contain seed with bowl, an earpick seed (about 4 ~ 8) seed is put in every cave.After finishing, must water permeable.Table 15 shows the result of the polygonum capitatum after planting situation of emerging of different moist keeping measures.
Table 15: the situation of emerging of polygonum capitatum after planting different moist keeping measures
| Sequence number | Moist keeping measures | Start seedling-growing time | Output of seedling |
| 1 | Shed is played in furrow face | 13rd day | 275 Zhu/㎡ |
| 2 | Furrow cover mulch film | 13rd day | 315 Zhu/㎡ |
| 3 | Furrow cover mulch film+play shed | 11st day | 725 Zhu/㎡ |
From result, after planting perform moist keeping measures in the mode of " furrow cover mulch film+play shed " to polygonum capitatum, seedling effect is best.
embodiment 8, seedling management
1, film is taken off: when emergence rate reaches more than 70%, throw off mulch film.
2, spray water moisturizing: after taking off film, every morning 08:00 ~ 11:00 point or afternoon 14:00 ~ 18:00 point water sprager water to face, railway carriage or compartment, should not water during high temperature at noon.After there is true leaf, water depending on the native situation of table in good time.
3, uprooting weed and thinning: after tidy seedlings output, pulls out the weeds in seedbed at any time, keeps the clean of seedbed.In conjunction with uprooting weed, seedbed seedling method except weak seedling, retains 500 ~ 600 strains/m by density 2cm × 2cm hand-lifting
2.
4, aeration-cooling: when temperature of shed reaches 30 DEG C, raise seedling in greenhouse rule opens gate and the curtain or take off canopy, then the two ends of opening canopy of field seedling raising method of ventilating, and strengthens ventilating in canopy, reduces temperature of shed and relative moisture, prevent high temperature from burning the generation of seedling and disease.
5, drainage waterlogging prevention: during field seedling raising, will deep-cut drain ditch in surrounding, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 40cm, drainage waterlogging prevention.Clear up the railway carriage or compartment ditch in nursery between canopy and canopy simultaneously, rainwater can unimpededly be entered in surrounding ditch to external drainage.
6, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the damage by disease and insect between nursery stage adheres to the principle of relying mainly on prevention, notes ventilating in canopy, prevents damage by disease and insect from invading; Find that insect pest is eliminated with artificial; Find that disease pulls out diseased plant in time, and carry out soil disinfection with lime.
7, hardening: when front 1 week of transplanting, takes off canopy or opens the ventilation curtain of booth, and increase illumination, minimizing is watered.
8, lifting: seedbed is sprayed permeable the previous day by the transplanting of by the end of April ~ mid-May, larger healthy seedling of choosing for second day, is bundled into wisp with the straw that bubble is crossed, and generally often about 100 strains, is then placed in vessel, preferably covers wet cloth, with rising with cultivation.Attention: disposable lifting is not too many, and the seedling risen the same day, the same day must plant, and can not place and spend the night.
the research again of embodiment 9, seed propagation seedling key technology with put into practice again
According to above polygonum capitatum seed collection, seed treatment, the studying in great detail of seeding and seedling raising, the present inventor is on the basis of these research work, the research again of repeatability is carried out to seed propagation seedling key technology and has put into practice again, to proving the reliability of the inventive method.
Before medicinal material of polygonum capilalum GAP authentication of bases in 2006, when the technical research of polygonum capitatum standardized planting, as previously mentioned, oneself has carried out comparatively system research to sexual propagation (seminal propagation) technology of polygonum capitatum, the sprouting contrast experiment of Different Harvesting Time seed, different substrates seed seedling-raising contrast experiment etc. are carried out, and emphasis has researched to developed the quality standard of polygonum capitatum Seeds and seedlings, the polygonum capitatum stock breeding base of attaching most importance to sexual propagation for studying foundation has further provided good basis.On this basis, since medicinal material of polygonum capilalum GAP authentication of bases in 2006, continue the requirement according to stock breeding, for ensureing standardized planting base production kind, the special fine provenance WMSC2008 that Preliminary screening is gone out, YN090820-3, YN090820-4 has carried out kind source stability, the research of Regional suitability, carry out the research again of polygonum capitatum seed seedling-raising key technology simultaneously and put into practice again, revise " polygonum capitatum fine provenance raising technology code " and " polygonum capitatum seedling internal control quality standard " further, for the seed selection of polygonum capitatum improved seeds, examine (recognizing) and surely established good basis.
1, original seed farm construction and observational study
(1) selection of original seed farm and construction: according to the feature of polygonum capitatum Post flowering based on insect pollination, polygonum capitatum original seed farm should to be selected away from polygonum capitatum planting site, periphery without wild polygonum capitatum Counterfeit species, can effectively prevent from biology from mixing with people being the plot mixed as breeding ground.
The WMSC2008 germplasm materials of screening in 2008, in village head's col base, ox large field, Niu great Chang town, Shibing County, with the bark of eucommia and golden cypress woods for isolation, adopts division propagation mode to establish Initial strain breeding garden 500m in 2009
2.
In addition, to fine provenance YN090820-3 and YN090820-4 newly selected also in 2010 in Dong rural area, paddy field town, Wudang District, Guiyang, SEMEN STERCULIAE LYCHNOPHORAE village of greening township, Qianxi County adopts division propagation mode respectively to set up 100m
2seed is cultivated in propagation nursery isolation, and carrying out Regional suitability test for next step provides material.
(2) excellent Initial strain breeding seedling at garden observational study: since medicinal material of polygonum capilalum GAP authentication of bases in 2006, the present inventor continues the management and the observed and recorded that strengthen the excellent Initial strain breeding garden of polygonum capitatum, timely impurity elimination roguing.Routine observation statistics vine growth and development situation, such as original seed WMSC2008 in 2010 breed seedling in garden observed result, in table 16.
Table 16:2010 excellent original seed WMSC2008 breed seedling at garden observed result
Note: (1) upper table is the observation data of Shibing ox large field original seed farm WMSC2008 in 2010, and average branch number, average individual plant cover face length, average individual plant covers the mean value that face width is 10 plant.(2) all the other observations about original seed farm slightly, relative recording of meeting each other.
From table 16, at mid or late March by the plantation of the seedling (axillary seedling) of polygonum capitatum fine provenance in its stock breeding garden, namely early April starts to produce branch, to late June its branch amount on average about 5 ~ 6, average coverage rate is about 63.9cm, wide about 53.3cm; Due to planting density less (30cm × 30cm), later until early October all can grow fast, then slow down gradually, substantially stop after late November.There is a small amount of inflorescence to produce in early June, until early August, before entering full-bloom stage, produce a small amount of flowers and fruits all successively; Late August to late October spends the full bearing period for its Sheng.
The seed testing result that 2006 ~ 2010 year 9 ~ November, polygonum capitatum original seed farm was bred, in table 17.
The Seed inspection result table that table 17:2006 ~ 2010 year original seed farm is bred
From table 17, the polygonum capitatum elite seed that 2006 ~ 2010 years original seed farms are bred, its quality all meets enterprise's internal control quality criteria requirements.Cultivated original seed 3.95Kg altogether with PG2001 provenance before 2009, seed moisture content reaches standard, its cleanliness more than 93%, thousand kernel weight more than 0.87g, germination rate is more than 93.0%; Within 2009, cultivate WMSC2008 Provenance seed 1.50Kg, seed quality reaches secondary standard; Within 2010, cultivate WMSC2008 seed 1.52kg respectively, YN090820-3 seed 0.55kg, YN090820-4 seed 0.48kg, can respectively as the provenance in stock breeding in March, 2011 garden and the seed carrying out comparative trial and compatibility test research further.The testing result of 2006 ~ 2010 years original seed farm medicinal material of polygonum capilalum, in table 18.
The assay of table 18:2006 ~ 2010 year original seed farm medicinal material of polygonum capilalum
From table 18, the medicinal material of polygonum capilalum sample of 2006 ~ 2010 years original seed farms, its extract, Quercetin, quercitin, general flavone, gallic acid content overall average are respectively 26.2%, 0.46%, 0.84%, 2.80% and 0.18%, all meet enterprise's internal control quality standard.
2, stock breeding construction of base and observational study
(1) stock breeding base is selected and scale: since 2006, the requirement of assorted pure keeping is prevented according to polygonum capitatum pollination feature and stock breeding, should select to polygonum capitatum stock breeding to be separated by with polygonum capitatum planting site more than 500m, be in highland, weather gage, polygonum capitatum is not had to plant history, and have thick forest effectively can isolate with polygonum capitatum planting site, to prevent from mixing and go here and there the central plot of powder.
According to the every yearly plan of the present inventor, according to early-stage Study, breed seed with every mu and be about 15kg, land for growing field crops sowing quantity 30g/ mu, namely 1 mu of seed collecting field can meet 500 mu of Production of Large Fields sowing quantities (needs transplanted seedling 12500 strain with every mu of land for growing field crops, with physical purity of seed 95%, thousand kernel weight 0.95g, emergence rate 90%, planting percent 40% calculates, every kg seed can plant about 30 mu) appraise and decide scale, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 respectively in the Niu great Chang village in Niu great Chang town, Shibing County, the Dong rural area in paddy field town, Wudang District, Guiyang, the SEMEN STERCULIAE LYCHNOPHORAE village in greening township, Qianxi County establishes stock breeding garden.Stock breeding in 2006 ~ 2010 years its ground construction scale and seed produces amount thereof, in table 19.
The scale in table year stock breeding base, 19:2006 ~ 2010 and seed production statistical form
(2) stock breeding base at garden observed and recorded: since medicinal material of polygonum capilalum GAP authentication of bases in 2006, the present inventor continues to strengthen the management in stock breeding base and observed and recorded, timely impurity elimination roguing.Arrange full-time executive to manage, routine observation statistics vine growth and development situation.Seedling as bred breeding WMSC2008 for 2010 carries out observing testing result in garden, in table 20.
What table 20:2010 breeding WMSC2008 bred seedling observes testing result table in garden
Note: in (1) upper table, branch amount, plant cover face length and the wide mean value being 5 observation stations, 25 plant.(2) all the other breeding garden observational records slightly, are shown in dependent observation record in detail.
(3) the paired observation research of different geographical seed seedling-raising: since medicinal material of polygonum capilalum GAP authentication of bases in 2006, the present inventor is before above-mentioned polygonum capitatum GAP certification on nursery key technology research and practical basis, continue to have carried out stock breeding (because polygonum capitatum seminal propagation coefficient is large with polygonum capitatum seminal propagation for main, efficiency is high, seedling raising and transplanting is still the major way in company base), continue to be studied polygonum capitatum seed seedling-raising key technology and seedling enterprise internal control quality standard, in conjunction with the compatibility test of polygonum capitatum fine provenance and popularization, the present inventor is special in Niu great Chang town, Shibing County, new field township, Wudang District, Kweiyang and paddy field town, Zhong Ping town, Qianxi County and greening township, Liang Yan town, Bijie City, under the different geographical environment such as Yan Qiao town, Xixiu District, Anshun nine, to the sowing time of polygonum capitatum seed seedling-raising, type of seeding, seedling management and hardening lifting, and the aspect such as seedling enterprise internal control quality standard has carried out systematically observing and comparative study.Since 2006, statistics is observed, in table 21 to the nursery of each test site.
The observed result statistical form of table 21:2006 ~ 2011 year different geographical seed seedling-raising
Note: in (1) upper table, seedling-growing time and average seedling time are after planting (sowing quantity 2g/m
2) 3 point of observation records establishing of each seedbed start the average time of seedling-growing time; (2) average output of seedling is the mean of observation in after planting 30 days 3 points; (3) average seedling amount is obtainable transplanted seedling overall mean in unit area; (4) average height of seedling is randomly draw the mean value that 10 strain transplanted seedlings record.
From table 21, after polygonum capitatum planting seed average 15 days start to emerge, and the impact of nursery different altitude height on number of days of emerging is more obvious; Under identical sowing quantity, sow after 30 days, its average output of seedling is 1365.5 strains/m
2, the average seedling time is 71 days, and the average number of seedling of unit are is 1091 strains, the average plant height 7.5cm of seedling, all by the considerable influence of mean temperature of air between nursery stage and humidity.As fully visible, polygonum capitatum nursery moisture and temperature determine its seed seedling-raising success or failure and seedling high-quality whether primary factor, during planting seed nursery, should be specifically noted that and grasp this key factor, the temperature and humidity in maintenance seedbed of noting adopting an effective measure.
On above-mentioned Researching and practicing basis, the present inventor summarizes polygonum capitatum nursery key technology main points further, has revised perfect " polygonum capitatum seed seedling-raising technical standard operational procedure " (trying) and " polygonum capitatum seed growing seedling enterprise's internal control quality standard (trying) ".
(4) seed testing in stock breeding base and quality of medicinal material detect
Check by lot number the seed that stock breeding base produces, result is as table 22.
The seed testing result in table year stock breeding base, 22:2006 ~ 2010
From table 22,15 batches, the polygonum capitatum seed in 2006 ~ 2010 years stock breeding bases, its quality all meets enterprise's internal control quality criteria requirements.To cultivate fine seed strains altogether 9 batches of 217.9Kg with PG2001 provenance before 2009, seed moisture content content all below 12%, its cleanliness more than 93%, thousand kernel weight more than 0.87g, germination rate is more than 87.0%; WMSC2008 Provenance seed 6 batches of 159.2Kg that 2009 and 2010 are cultivated, seed moisture content content all below 12%, its cleanliness more than 90%, thousand kernel weight more than 0.84g, germination rate is more than 86.0%; The seed of breeding in each year above all can meet the needs of the production schedule.
Continue since 2006 that sample prescription is carried out to stock breeding base medicinal material and survey product, and gather its quality of medicinal material sample detection, the results are shown in Table 23.
The testing result of table 23:2006 ~ 2010 year stock breeding base quality of medicinal material output
Note: surveying and producing the date is annual early September
From table 23, since 2006,5 annual means of stock breeding base quality of medicinal material, extract is 25.7%, Quercetin is 0.43%, quercitin is 0.81%, general flavone is 2.65%, gallic acid is 0.19%.Show from above-mentioned data, the PG2001 provenance in stock breeding base in 2007 is all in reduced levels on Quercetin, general flavone and gallic acid content, and after within 2009 and 2010, using WMSC2008 fine provenance instead, its Quercetin, general flavone and gallic acid content reach 0.56%, 3.10%, 0.22% in 2010 respectively.On root yield, 5 annual means are the 241.3kg/ mu/year 268.0Kg/ mu of 2010 (the output the highest time be), and its provenance is WMSC2008, and there were significant differences for the per mu yield of the PG2001 of its per mu yield and 2007.
(5) in order to the planting technology of specification polygonum capitatum seminal propagation seedling, the quality standard of the present inventor to seminal propagation seedling is studied, and has worked out quality standard specification according to result of study.
Since 2006, the present inventor is actual further combined with production again, and revised perfect " polygonum capitatum seed growing seedling enterprise's internal control quality standard (trying) ", a part of technical indicator of this standard is in table 24.
Table 24: polygonum capitatum seed growing seedling enterprise's internal control quality standard (trying)
Note: above indices is the foundation dividing polygonum capitatum seedling quality rank.Detection has one not reach standard to reduce to next stage seedling, do not reach secondary seedling and reduce to three grades of seedlings, do not reach three grades of seedlings and be defective seedling.Defective polygonum capitatum seedling is prohibitted the use to plant.
Since 2006, the present inventor is according to the above-mentioned polygonum capitatum seed seedling-raising technical standard operational procedure researched to developed and seedling matter standard-required, and all carried out quality inspection to polygonum capitatum seed growing seedling, result is as table 25.
Table 25:2006 ~ 2011 year polygonum capitatum seed growing seedling quality measurements
Note: in upper table, average height of seedling, the Average True number of sheets are every batch and randomly draw 3 samples (strain of each sample 100), surveys the mean value of 10 plant statistics more at random in each sample.
From table 25,2006 ~ 2011 years, the polygonum capitatum seed growing seedling in polygonum capitatum GAP experiment and demonstration base and Demonstration And Extension base mostly was one-level seedling, and average height is 8.6cm, and the every strain of the Average True number of sheets is 8, and test and production seedling all conform to quality requirements.
Claims (1)
1. the breeding and seedling method of Relinqing Granula crude drug polygonum capitatum, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) polygonum capitatum seed collection: carry out in 8 ~ November, gather and carry out as follows: left hand holds a shallow bid, shallow bid is stretched in the tepal that head infructescence starts loose, seed place to deposit becomes white, bottom bag angiocarp crucial point is below cyan infructescence, gently infructescence is pinched with hand thumb and forefinger, seed is made to fall within dish, be placed in indoor to dry in the shade, the polygonum capitatum seed as breeding and seedling of gathering have the germination rate being greater than 80%, the germination vigor being greater than 70%, be greater than 0.8g thousand kernel weight, be less than the moisture of 12% and be greater than the cleanliness of 85%;
(2) seed storage with preserve the foundation in storehouse: set up have temperature 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C, drying, good air permeability environment for the preservation storehouse of breading protospecies, stock breeding seed; Production seed is preserved under dry and temperature is room temperature or 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C environmental conditions; Breading protospecies, stock breeding seed be 0 DEG C ~ 5 DEG C, preserve under dry environment condition;
(3) planting seed, germination and nursery: stock breeding base is built in choosing, comprises base addressing and builds canopy wholely, late Febuary ~ early March carries out seeding and seedling raising, adopts the mode of carrying out furrow cover mulch film in booth to carry out moisturizing process after sowing; With
(4) nursery stage management and transplanting: throw off mulch film when emergence rate reaches more than 70%, after taking off film, every day waters, and carries out uprooting weed and thinning operation, and carries out aeration-cooling operation, drainage waterlogging prevention operation, extermination of disease and insect pest operation; In by the end of April ~ and seedbed is sprayed permeable the previous day by the transplanting of mid-May, and larger healthy seedling of choosing for second day, is bundled into wisp with the straw that bubble is crossed, is then placed in vessel, cover wet cloth, rise with transplanting at any time,
Wherein:
In step (1), after polygonum capitatum seed collection, remove extraseminal persitent perianth sheet;
In step (3), used seed sprouting, seedling medium are matrix A, and it is the mixture of peat, perlite, each portion of the pig manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
In step (3), after being mixed with weight ratio 1:200 ~ 300 with fine earth by seed, broadcast sowing nursery;
In step (3), booth addressing is: specify in the base required meeting traditional Chinese medicine GAP environmental quality, selects that road leads to, water leads to, electricity lead to, irrigation and drainage facilitate the plot of also wind sheltering to build booth;
In step (3), booth builds canopy: with the seedling bed of the wide 1m of brick one-tenth, high 20 ㎝, personal attendant's canopy in plastic tunnel, the thin mellow soil of 15 ㎝ thick mistake 8 mesh sieve is filled out in seedbed, then the every even 2000kg of spreading well-rotted farmyard manure per mu and 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 20kg make base fertilizer, after mixing thoroughly with bed soil, strike off bed surface with scraper plate; Cave dish is built canopy and is wholely: the topsoil getting mellow soil, after crossing 8 mesh sieves, admixes well-rotted farmyard manure 15kg/m
3with 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 0.15kg/m
3, then fill out dish, 288 caves/dish, pressure cave, strikes off card, neatly puts in booth subsequently;
In step (4), in seedling management, after taking off film, every morning 08:00 ~ 11:00 point or afternoon 14:00 ~ 18:00 point water sprager water to face, railway carriage or compartment, should not water during high temperature at noon; After there is true leaf, water depending on the native situation of table in good time;
In step (4), carry out uprooting weed and thinning operation: after tidy seedlings output in seedling management, pull out the weeds in seedbed at any time, keep the clean of seedbed, in conjunction with uprooting weed, seedbed seedling method except weak seedling, retains 500 ~ 600 strains/m by density 2cm × 2cm hand-lifting
2;
In step (4), aeration-cooling operation is carried out: when temperature of shed reaches 30 DEG C in seedling management, raise seedling in greenhouse rule opens gate and the curtain or take off canopy of ventilating, the two ends of then opening canopy of field seedling raising method, strengthen ventilating in canopy, reduce temperature of shed and relative moisture, prevent high temperature from burning the generation of seedling and disease;
In step (4), in seedling management, carry out drainage waterlogging prevention operation: during field seedling raising, drain ditch will be deep-cut in surrounding, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 40cm, drainage waterlogging prevention, clear up the railway carriage or compartment ditch in nursery between canopy and canopy simultaneously, rainwater can unimpededly be entered in surrounding ditch to external drainage;
In step (4), in seedling management, carry out extermination of disease and insect pest operation: the damage by disease and insect between nursery stage adheres to the principle of relying mainly on prevention, note ventilating in canopy, prevent damage by disease and insect from invading; Find that insect pest is eliminated with artificial; Find that disease pulls out diseased plant in time, and carry out soil disinfection with lime.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), is less than 2.0cm by the thickness of earth covering of seed.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), broadcasts sowing nursery after being mixed by seed with fine earth.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), carries out lifting to nursery during growth foot and is transplanted in planting site.
5. method according to claim 4, described lifting operates as follows: seedbed is sprayed permeable the previous day by the transplanting of by the end of April ~ mid-May, larger healthy seedling of choosing for second day, wisp is bundled into the straw that bubble is crossed, then be placed in vessel, cover wet cloth, rise with transplanting at any time.
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| CN104855072A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-26 | 梁志华 | Planting method for improving quality and yield of Chinese thorowax root |
| CN104855111B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2017-12-22 | 安顺市西秀区春实绿化苗木有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of polygonum capitatum |
| CN111972227A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-11-24 | 安顺康乐药材种植有限公司 | Method for planting polygonum capitatum in pollution-free soil |
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| CN1481666A (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-17 | 贵州威门药业股份有限公司 | Method for planting polygonum capitatum |
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