CN114208608B - Breeding and production method of multidisciplinary wild vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a method for breeding and producing a multidisciplinary wild vegetable. The breeding production method comprises the following steps: ploughing, fertilizing, loosening and leveling farmlands such as farmlands, dry lands, side slopes, forest windows and wetlands according to the minimum community area to obtain a bearing platform; keeping the granular structure and the field water-holding capacity; controlling the type, distribution, density, multi-degree and uniformity of natural germination of soil and the coverage degree of a rooting stage; manually screening the wild vegetables belonging to the multiple families of broad-leaved cultivars, characteristic cultivars, definite cultivars, marker cultivars and adventitious cultivars, determining the target species per mu of land, and removing toxic plants and non-target species; according to the growth characteristics of the target species, determining the measures of breeding and cultivation. The breeding and production method effectively solves the technical problems that the wild vegetable production has high field searching cost of seeds, low transplanting survival rate, large consumption of seed storage, sowing and seedling raising time, low efficiency, few types, difficulty in repetition and the like.

Description

Breeding and production method of multidisciplinary wild vegetables

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a method for breeding and producing a multidisciplinary wild vegetable.

Background

Wild vegetables refer to the parts of the native natural growth of the original region which can be directly or cooked directly from the wild (natural) plants growing process for use as human vegetables (non-staple food), and broadly include wild edible fungi. Wild vegetables are all the r measures of biological species, and the r measures of biological species have extremely strong fecundity. Compared with the cultivated vegetables, the wild vegetables contain more abundant dietary fibers, proteins, vitamins and other nutrient substances, and can be used as natural green health food. Meanwhile, some wild vegetables also contain unique physiologically active substances, and are important raw materials for developing Chinese herbal medicines and functional foods. Wild vegetables mostly grow in deep mountain open forests and barren slope grasslands. Human beings mainly rely on artificially collecting wild vegetables growing naturally in early stage.

At present, vegetable production technologies are industrialized, chemical and soilless, and agricultural production modes are tried to produce wild vegetables at present, and the steps of agricultural production including seed collection, seed selection, breeding, seedling raising, transplanting and the like of the wild vegetables are necessary. However, the agricultural production of wild vegetables has the defects of difficult technical seed reservation, single variety and limited yield. If wild vegetable field collection is directly carried out, fixed-point and positioning plants identified in the field of the wild vegetable are very few, the survival rate of immediate transplanting is very low, and the field collection, transplanting and seed reservation of the wild vegetable are very difficult, so that the scale of batch supply market is difficult to form.

In conclusion, the existing conventional schemes of field search have high cost and low survival rate of transplantation in the field of direct collection in the field, or in-situ cultivation and transplanting cultivation after field discovery and sexual and asexual propagation after the collection of seeds and propagules of wild vegetables; the time consumption of seed storage, sowing and seedling raising is large and the efficiency is low; the obtained wild vegetables have few varieties and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the application discloses a method for breeding and producing wild vegetables of multiple families, which can effectively solve the problems of high cost of field search and low survival rate of transplantation in the existing wild vegetable production scheme; the time consumption of seed storage, sowing and seedling raising is large and the efficiency is low; the obtained wild vegetables have few varieties and the like.

The application provides a breeding production method of a wild vegetable of multiple families, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, loosening and leveling farmed and non-farmed land to obtain a leveled natural seed bearing platform; the land is the land which can receive natural illumination; the loosening and leveling comprises removing stone gravel and weeds with the thickness of more than 1 mm in a plough layer of the land, arranging an irrigation drainage system, and then ploughing, applying base fertilizer and ploughing the land; wherein the land comprises one or more of farmland, dry land, side slope, forest gap, barren mountain land, forested land, forest under forest land and wetland;

step 2, irrigating and fertilizing the natural seed bearing platform regularly and quantitatively until the natural seed bearing platform enters a harvesting stage, so that the water content of the natural seed bearing platform reaches the field water capacity;

step 3, the natural seed bearing platform grows buds, and the canopy density of the buds in the fixed root period is controlled to be 0.3-0.9;

step 4, screening wild vegetables growing on the natural seed bearing platform, wherein the screening comprises determining the species of the wild vegetables growing on the natural seed bearing platform; and keeping normally grown wild vegetables of widely-planted variety, wild vegetables of characteristic variety, wild vegetables of marker variety, wild vegetables of definite variety, wild vegetables of incidental variety, wild vegetables of precious variety and wild vegetables of new species; and removing the toxic plant;

step 5, determining cultivation measures and variety breeding schemes corresponding to the widely-distributed wild herbs, the characteristic wild herbs, the marker wild herbs, the definite-species wild herbs, the accidental-species wild herbs and the precious-species wild herbs according to the growth characteristics and the wild herb types of the wild herbs, and carrying out agricultural cultivation according to the cultivation schemes;

and 6, harvesting and reserving seeds of the wild vegetables entering the harvesting stage.

In another embodiment, the gradient of the land is 0-60 degrees; and the periphery of the land is provided with a fence for driving human beings and livestock.

Specifically, the open land can be selected whether in a city, a suburb, a rural area, or a forest belly, and the selection of the farming land and the non-farming land (barren mountain land, forest land) of the wild vegetable autogenous land can be performed. The land with the farming property is properly selected to avoid non-full light exposure, and is easy to trample by passers-by, frequent in flood disasters, heavy metals in soil and other polluted lands.

In another embodiment, the gradient of the land is 0-30.

Specifically, the land can be a southeast, northwest full slope direction, and the downwind direction facing a main seed source is preferably selected (but the position of a wind port is to be avoided); the farming nature land can select all types of matrix soil; the farming property land is the land which can completely receive natural illumination, full illumination of light quality, light intensity and illumination time is ensured, and if an illumination shelter exists, the situation that each place of the farming property land can completely receive the natural illumination can be eliminated and shielded; the farming land is the climatic temperature of a normal area, and areas such as geothermal areas and artificial passive heat supply are avoided; the farming nature land is a moderate area with water dampness; the farming property land is an area with average regional climate index performance, so that the phenomenon that indexes are partially excited and representative local small corners is avoided; the periphery of the farming land is provided with a fence for driving human beings and livestock, so that the farming land is convenient for closed management, avoids artificial trampling, prevents artificial and livestock from being trampled intentionally or unintentionally, and protects a topsoil layer (the surface soil contains seeds and propagules of a plurality of plants).

Specifically, the steps of applying base fertilizer and soil preparation comprise slightly removing large stones and small stones in the soil range, manually screening the graveled soil to remove gravels with the diameter of more than 1 mm, enabling the soil to reach the standard of aggregate structure, and improving the soil into loam and sandy loam.

In another embodiment, the irrigation and drainage system can be a mountain spring irrigation system or an automatic sprinkling irrigation system.

In another embodiment, the regular and quantitative irrigation and fertilization of the natural seed carrying platform specifically comprises: the natural water flow or tap water and a water pump are used for pumping water for regular and quantitative irrigation, irrigation and fertilization are carried out in an integrated mode, sunlight burn on leaf surfaces is reduced, and water and fertilizer efficiency is improved.

In another embodiment, the drainage system is used for timely drainage in raining and water accumulation.

In another embodiment, the breeding and production method further comprises the steps of arranging a high-ridge irrigation and drainage system and a garden path, and performing high-ridge soil preparation on the land according to the width of 1-4 meters and the length of 2-1000 meters to form the high-ridge irrigation and drainage system; the garden road is a three-level closed road network system with uniform accessibility and accessibility, machine ploughing roads (main trunks), small picking roads and weeding steps.

In another embodiment, the base fertilizer is selected from one or more of human manure, chicken manure, bird manure, cow dung, horse manure, biogas bottom material, decomposed and sieved bottom material of municipal domestic waste and forest humus.

The breeding and production method provided by the application carries out reasonable irrigation, fertilization and illumination control treatment on the natural seed bearing platform all the time, so that plant seeds and propagules naturally existing in the farming land germinate and grow. The application of the timing and quantitative irrigation and fertilization enables the germination to be earlier stage: keeping soil moist and direct sunlight; controlling illumination (for proper shading) and spraying in the bud stage; controlling illumination (shading properly) in the leaf spreading period, filtering out ultraviolet rays in strong light, and increasing spraying times; in the rooting stage: keeping the canopy density at 0.3-0.9, and ensuring the free growth space of the target reserved cultivated species; the auxiliary measures of agricultural cultivation for promoting germination and growth of wild vegetables are matched, so that the plant seeds and propagules naturally existing in the agricultural land germinate and grow.

In another embodiment, according to the germination phase and the leaf-expanding phase standard of the plant, it is right that natural seed bearing platform sets up shading device, makes natural seed bearing platform grow out the germination phase and the leaf-expanding phase of sprouting and hide the shade and handle.

Specifically, the land is a land which can receive natural illumination, and buildings, trees, billboards and the like which can shield sunlight should not be arranged around the land.

In another embodiment, the shade device is a plastic mesh; according to the germination stage and leaf expanding stage standards of plants, arranging a shading device on the natural seed bearing platform, so that after emergence of seedlings, strong direct irradiation of illumination intensity is kept and proper shading of a plastic net is adopted; according to the emergence of seedlings, the illumination time can be prolonged and shortened by light supplementing and shading, and the plastic net is used for filtering light, and is used for filtering and reducing ultraviolet rays.

Specifically, the screening may be manual screening or machine screening.

Specifically, the manual screening of the application determines and selects the variety of the wild vegetables grown on the natural seed bearing platform.

Determining wild vegetables of Guangdong variety, characteristic variety, marker variety, definite variety, occasionally variety, precious variety and new variety as target reserved species, determining other toxic plants and non-wild vegetables as non-target plants, and removing or eradicating the non-target plants

The purpose of the preserved and cultivated species is to select the species with normal growth according to the principle of 'storing superior and eliminating inferior and winning superior and eliminating inferior'.

Applying for new species of wild vegetables for new species of plant new species entitlement protection, and protecting for occasional wild vegetables and precious wild vegetables according to regulations.

Specifically, the widely-distributed wild herbs of the present application are species of wild herbs having a wide distribution range determined according to the plant species in the peripheral region of the agricultural land.

Taraxacum mongolicum hand-Mazz, Artemisia apiacea, Artemisia argyi leaf and Chrysanthemum coronarium flower of Compositae, as well as Plantago asiatica and Portulaca oleracea, and wild vegetables of Gramineae, Araliaceae, Brassicaceae and Sonchusaceae can be obtained in Xinjiang from south Hainan, Guangdong to North Heilongjiang, Taiwan from east, Shanghai to west in China.

The wild vegetables are characterized by being wild vegetable species which have obvious zonal, soil, climatic, lighting and dry-wet ecological signs in quantity and existence degree according to vegetation community types with obvious boundary lines in the peripheral area of the land. Such as bracken, wintergreen (pistil), eriobotrya japonica, herba Dendrobii, camellia, bamboo shoots, and the like.

The definitive species of potherbs of the present application are those species of potherbs that are present in the perimeter area of the land or that are almost exclusively present in the community. Such as herba Dendrobii, Collybia (agar) bacteria (only grown in Pinus massoniana forest), Rhodomycetes (only grown in Quercus trees of Fagaceae in south subtropics), Betula (only grown on Betula alba L.), Hericium (only grown on Mongolian Oak trees of Fagaceae), etc.

The occasional species of potherbs of the present application are very rare and occasional species of potherbs in the area of the peripheral plant colony according to the land. The adventitious species may be a wild vegetable population accidentally invaded due to environmental changes, or a remnant seed of soil in a community. Such as ginseng, codonopsis pilosula, paris polyphylla, shiga, momordica charantia, holboellia latifolia, kiwi fruit, bald and the like which are very rare after high-density collection of human beings.

The precious wild vegetables are rare wild vegetable groups which are few in total quantity and rare in the world, but do not belong to endangered species and easily-dangerous species at present, and comprise new leaves, buds, flowers, fruits, seeds, tender stalks and roots.

The new species of wild vegetable type of the application does not have various new wild vegetable varieties which are born, propagated, bred, produced and shaped step by step in the mode of 'sowing on the day'.

In another embodiment, the growth characteristics include growth vigor, distribution type, and inter-plant distance of the wild vegetables.

In another embodiment, the distribution types include bulk distribution, uniform distribution, and individual stand-off.

Specifically, when the wild vegetables are distributed in the natural seed bearing platform in a bulk shape, plants covered and extruded by large plants are transplanted, so that each plant has a proper living space, and the plants are prevented from being differentiated naturally and sparsely; when the wild vegetables are uniformly distributed on the natural seed bearing platform, the wild vegetables are properly transplanted, and the vegetables and the seeds are left to be distributed in two directions; transplanting other species when wild vegetables are scattered in the single isolated plant of the natural seed bearing platform; when the wild vegetables are scattered in the single plant of the natural seed bearing platform, the wild vegetables are planted in a fixed-point positioning mode.

In another embodiment, the wild vegetable species is a positive plant, a negative plant, a neutral plant, a xerophyte, a hygrophyte, an aquatic plant, a mesophyte, and a psammophyte.

Specifically, different suitable cultivation schemes are formulated according to the growth characteristics and the types of different wild vegetables, and agricultural cultivation is carried out according to the cultivation schemes. The cultivation method is characterized in that a cultivation scheme of positive plants is adopted for wild vegetables belonging to the positive plants, a cultivation scheme of middle plants is adopted for wild vegetables belonging to the middle plants, and the like.

According to the breeding production method, cultivation measures such as fertilizer increasing, shading, fertilizer supplementing and the like are adopted as cultivation schemes corresponding to different wild vegetables, so that the fast and healthy growth of the wild vegetables is promoted, and roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds of the wild vegetables can be harvested.

In another embodiment, a cultivation experiment is carried out on the new species of wild vegetables, breeding indexes of illumination conditions, temperature conditions, irrigation water amount, soil conditions and vernalization conditions of the new species of wild vegetables are collected, a cultivation scheme of the new species of wild vegetables is determined, and agricultural cultivation, harvesting and marketing are carried out according to the cultivation scheme.

Specifically, experimental parameters such as photo-thermal water-vapor climatic soil seasons and the like of the new species of wild vegetables, breeding indexes such as seed harvest amount, dry grain weight, vernalization temperature and the like are obtained through experiments, and a cultivation scheme of the new species of wild vegetables is established.

In another embodiment, the breeding production method of the present application further comprises removing weeds and insect pests; removing weeds and insect pests from the germination stage to the harvesting stage of the wild vegetables.

In another embodiment, the fruit and seeds of the wild herbs are bagged, breed-selected, screened, sized and declared as new varieties in the fruit stage of the wild herbs.

Specifically, bagging the fruits and seeds of the wild vegetables, variety breeding, screening, sizing and new variety declaration are carried out, and the 'day-sowing' breeding process of the first-generation artificial cultivation platform is completed. The harvested seeds can be repeatedly bred into n generation series.

Specifically, according to the growth characteristics and the wild vegetable types of the wild vegetables, the cultivation measures and the variety breeding schemes corresponding to the eurytopic wild vegetables, the characteristic wild vegetables, the marker wild vegetables, the definite species wild vegetables, the accidental species wild vegetables and the precious species wild vegetables are determined.

According to the breeding production method, the wild vegetable plants entering the harvesting stage can be subjected to series harvesting of individual, variety and strain, direct seed reserving, natural seeding, natural seed storing, artificial breeding and the like.

In particular, bright fruits and fine seeds (such as dandelion and other compositae plant seeds with the dry weight less than 0.2 g) are bagged in the fruit period, so that the fruits and the fine seeds are prevented from being bitten by mosquitoes and insects and from losing in the air.

The breeding production method comprises the steps of selecting proper farming land, loosening and leveling land (protecting topsoil layer), maintaining natural illumination period, maintaining soil field water holding capacity of the farming land, naturally accelerating germination and growth, performing variety identification (plant classification professionals) and 'weeding (removing or eradicating non-target plants)', determining and selectively reserving target plants on each wild plant by manual screening, determining cultivation schemes of various wild vegetables, realizing targeted and proper agricultural cultivation, and harvesting and reserving seeds when the wild vegetables enter a harvesting stage. Because, the seeds, propagules of the plant species that are the "r-strategy" can remain in the soil for years, even decades, waiting for a chance to germinate. Tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands, of seeds and propagules (non-seed plants) of various endemic top-grade species are contained in natural soils. And the natural soil can be updated, supplemented, accepted and retained in the mode and method and process of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction of plants from time to time. The breeding production mode that this application creatively adopted not seeding for the seed germination growth that naturally stays in soil is through loose level land, illumination, moisture and the fertility that keeps the soil, through strict artificial screening, confirms and selects to remain the purpose and preserve and cultivate the species, and the agricultural cultivation scheme of cultivating the species characteristic is bred in assisting suitable purpose preservation, makes the purpose preserve and cultivate the rapid a large amount of breed of species. Thus, the process of 'day sowing' breeding of the first generation of artificial cultivation platform is completed. Can be repeatedly bred into n generation series.

Therefore, the breeding production method can obtain wild vegetables with various types and quantities. According to experimental data, 200 plants can germinate and grow in a flat land after ten days, the coverage of a single species can reach more than 10%, more than 100 real "wild" vegetables which are screened, reserved, supported, guided and directionally cultivated in the early stage can reach 500 records (the area is more than 1-1500 mu). In addition, the breeding production method of the application basically does not need pesticides because the advantages of disease prevention and insect prevention of local endemic top-grade species are obvious. By adopting the method, the labor and material cost of searching, digging, transplanting and the like in the wild and the risk of very low transplanting survival rate can be effectively saved, and the breeding of the wild vegetables is accelerated by adopting the agricultural cultivation and propagation method, wherein the growth speed is 2-3 times of that of the wild vegetables in the wild.

Detailed Description

The application provides a method for breeding and producing wild vegetables of multiple families, which is used for solving the problems of high cost of field search and low survival rate of transplantation in the existing wild vegetable production technology; the time consumption of seed collection, storage, sowing and seedling raising is large and the efficiency is low; few varieties of obtained wild vegetables and the like.

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present application.

The tools, reagents, fertilizers or raw materials used in the following examples are all commercially available or self-made.

The cultivation platform, the bearing, the breeding and the production method disclosed by the embodiment of the application comprise the following steps:

step 1, selecting a region: the land with farming property and non-farming property (barren mountain land, forest land in forest) is used as a farming platform, and the open land can be selected for the selection of wild vegetable day-sowing land in urban, suburban, rural and forest abdominal lands. The land which is not fully exposed to light is properly avoided, and the land which is easy to trample by passers-by, frequent in flood disasters, heavy metals in soil and other pollutions is selected. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) gradient: 0-60 degree, preferably 0-30 degree; 2) the slope direction: the southeast, the west and the north are all in the slope direction, and the downwind direction facing to the main seed source is preferentially selected (but the position of a wind port is avoided); 3) soil: all types of matrix soil can be selected, facing plants of different families; 4) illumination: ensuring full light irradiation (eliminating occlusion) of light quality, light intensity and light irradiation time; 5) temperature: the climate temperature of a normal area avoids areas such as geothermal heating and artificial passive heating; 6) hydrologic: a moderate area of regional water wetness; 7) microclimate: the regional climate average index shows the region, and the situation that the index is partially excited and does not show representative local small corners is avoided; 8) human factors: the sealing management is convenient, and the artificial trampling is avoided.

Step 2, loosening and leveling land: after the land is selected, appropriate enclosure should be performed to prevent and control trampling by irrelevant people, a topsoil layer (surface soil contains seeds and propagules of a plurality of plants) is protected, deep ploughing can be performed, large stones and gravels can be removed, the soil is improved to loam and sandy loam, and farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer. And a water and fertilizer system for automatic sprinkling irrigation can be established due to sufficient funds, and fine intensive management in the later period is realized. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) land preparation: slightly removing large stones and small stones in the land range, manually screening the graveled soil, and removing gravels with the diameter of more than 1 mm to ensure that the soil reaches the standard of a granular structure; 2) base fertilizer: applying long-acting farmyard manure such as human manure, chicken manure, bird manure, cow dung, horse manure, methane base material, decomposed and sieved base material of municipal domestic waste and the like as base fertilizer, and also deeply ploughing land such as weeds, shrubs, fallen leaves and the like in a lifting manner; 3) high-ridge irrigation and drainage system: carrying out high bed soil preparation on the land according to the width of 1-4 meters and the length of 2-1000 meters; 4) a garden road: arranging uniform accessibility and accessibility machine plowed roads (trunks), picking small roads, hoeing and walking three-level closed road network system; 5) automatic irrigation and drainage system: the mountain spring irrigation can be carried out by utilizing the terrain, and an automatic sprinkling irrigation system can also be carried out; 6) edge fencing: and (3) establishing a fence facility for strictly preventing trampling, and strictly prohibiting the intentional and unintentional trampling of people, livestock and the like.

Step 3, keeping a natural illumination period: in the stage of land selection and land utilization, the sunlight shielding problem of surrounding buildings, trees, billboards and other structures is mainly solved, and the normal and sufficient illumination intensity, light quality and illumination time (three elements of light) in the farming land are ensured without discount. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) shading the shady: after emergence of seedlings, keeping the strong direct irradiation of the illumination intensity and adopting proper plastic net for shading; 2) increasing and decreasing the illumination time: according to the seedling emergence condition, the illumination time can be prolonged and shortened in a light supplementing and shading mode; 3) and (3) light quality filtering: filtering and reducing ultraviolet rays.

Step 4, maintaining the soil field water holding capacity and the appropriate water amount of the farming nature and non-farming nature (barren mountains, forests and forests): the field selection, soil preparation and irrigation all need to use the field water content of soil as a standard, most wild vegetables are middle-living plants, and field management should be carried out strictly according to the water and fertilizer requirements in agricultural production. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) irrigation: pumping water by utilizing natural water flow or tap water and a water pump to carry out timed and quantitative irrigation; 2) draining: draining water in time when raining and accumulating water; 3) sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation: can be carried out in a water and fertilizer integrated way, reduces the sunshine burn of the leaf surfaces and increases the water and fertilizer efficiency.

Step 5, naturally accelerating germination, sprouting and growth: the seeds (spores of ferns and fungi) in the farming and non-farming lands (barren mountains and forest lands) are natural, but auxiliary measures for assisting in promoting germination, leaf expansion, root fixation and other agricultural cultivation are needed, the technical method and the purpose are to artificially cultivate the plants in the farming lands, but the quality of the wild vegetables is still high, the yield is much higher than that of the general completely wild state, and the growth and development period is possibly accelerated and shortened. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) and (3) in the early stage of germination: keeping soil moist and direct sunlight; 2) and (3) a germination stage: appropriately shading and spraying; 3) and (3) leaf expanding period: appropriately shading, filtering ultraviolet rays in the strong light, and increasing the spraying times; 4) and (3) rooting stage: keeping the canopy density at 0.3-0.9, and ensuring the free growth space of the target species. 4) And (3) fruit stage: bagging the bright fruit and fine seed (such as Compositae plant seed with dry weight less than 0.2 g) to prevent mosquito bite and air loss.

Step 6, artificially screening target species: the method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of identifying 'wide variety', 'characteristic species', 'marker species', 'definite species' and 'occasional species' of the farming land by professionals of plant (fungus) classification and vegetable variety classification and cultivation. After the variety is determined, the method is divided into two categories of target reserved cultivated species and non-target plants which are removed or eradicated, and the target reserved cultivated species are cultivated by farming. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) in the seed selection period: selecting plants with good growth and poor growth and plants with good quality and good quality, and determining two culture directions of target species and seed reservation and dish cooking; 2) late species selection period: the subsequent new species, particularly the rare species and the precious species (rare or endangered species) in the region are subjected to rights protection and are cultured in a fixed-point positioning way towards the direction of seed reservation; 3) cultivation or breeding and shaping: the species are classified into positive, negative and neutral plants, and the plants are cultivated in different categories, such as dry, wet, aquatic and middle plants, or divided between cultivation and breeding of new species.

Step 7, determining a cultivation scheme of the target survival breeding species: for the purpose-preserved cultivated species reserved by typing, normal agricultural cultivation measure management can be carried out according to growth vigor, distribution type (bulk distribution, uniform distribution and single plant scattered growth) and inter-plant distance. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) bulk distribution: transplanting plants covered and extruded by large plants to ensure that each plant has a proper living space and the differentiation of the plants is prevented from being natural and sparse; 2) uniform distribution: the vegetable can be properly transplanted, and the two directions of vegetable and seed reservation can be shunted; 3) single plant scattering: the method is divided into two types of solitary species and solitary plant scattering, wherein the solitary species are transplanted with other species, and the solitary plant scattering is cultivated in a fixed-point positioning mode.

Step 8, planting and cultivating: the dominant plants highlighted in a certain cultivation stage can be cultivated towards wild vegetables in single plants and groups, and are permanently propagated in the aspects of seed collection, breeding, preservation, storage and propagation. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) wild vegetable production: determining the direction of wild vegetable production, and performing cultivation measures such as increasing fertilizer, shading, supplementing fertilizer and the like to obtain plants with large stems and leaves, tender flowers and fruits which are bright and full and come into the market; 2) for the cultivation of the wild vegetables of the new species: acquiring experimental parameters such as photo-thermal water-vapor climatic soil seasons and the like of the new species of wild vegetables, breeding indexes such as seed harvest amount, dry grain weight, vernalization temperature and the like, and establishing a cultivation scheme of the new species of wild vegetables.

Step 9, harvesting wild vegetables or reserving seeds and collecting seeds: the plants entering the harvesting stage can be subjected to series harvesting of individual, variety and strain, and direct seed reservation, natural sowing, natural seed storage, artificial breeding and the like. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) harvesting: performing fixed-point quantitative harvesting in a stable harvesting mode according to the requirements of a kitchen or a market; 2) authorization of wild vegetables of a new species: the relative departments are admitted with the wild vegetables of the new species.

Example 1

The embodiment of the application provides a method for breeding and producing wild vegetables of multiple families, which specifically comprises the following steps:

the field forest resource exploration design of the former forestry department is that the field forest resource exploration designs the original forest field of the big Xingan mountain of the big team, divides the adjacent barren slopes into farming nature land, loosens and levels the land of the area, and beats wooden fences around to prevent the damage of herbivores such as wild pigs, robes and the like, uses tools such as a hoe, a worker shovel, a soil sampling spade and the like to remove large-grained gravels, loosens the soil, hoes (removes non-target species), hills (transports and blends the surface soil humus in the adjacent forest), does not sow any seeds, regularly and quantitatively applies rotten human excrement, irrigation and other measures according to the wild vegetable condition of the barren slopes every day, controls the canopy density of the fixed root period of the wild vegetable buds to be 0.3, keeps the area exposed to the sun, and maintains the moist weather of the soil by irrigation and irrigation. Determining the wild vegetable species in the area, and selecting and reserving the normally growing wide-spread wild vegetable, characteristic wild vegetable, marker wild vegetable and definite wild vegetable; and removing toxic plants, weeds and insect pests as the case may be; according to the growth characteristics and the types of the wild vegetables in the area, determining the corresponding cultivation schemes of the eurytopic wild vegetables, the characteristic wild vegetables, the marker wild vegetables and the definite wild vegetables, and carrying out agricultural cultivation according to the cultivation schemes.

In 5-9 months, 100 kg of wild vegetables such as plantain, dandelion, day lily, endive moss, sweet wormwood, nostoc commune (shepherd's purse), Yueji, Duniu (a wild blueberry), strawberry and the like and fruits are harvested on average every month. The method can be used for finding more lucky and eating all the time from the accumulated snow in winter, and the yield is the same as that in spring and summer.

Wherein, plantain, dandelion, day lily, endive, sweet wormwood, nostoc commune, Yujie, Duyu (a wild blueberry), wild herbs with wide variety and characteristic variety, wild herbs with mark variety and wild herbs with definite variety in the area of strawberry.

Example 2

The embodiment of the application provides a method for breeding and producing wild vegetables of multiple families, which specifically comprises the following steps:

dividing four mu of land of a rural yard (a middle-asian tropical zone area) of a southern village field of Zhangjiajie in Hunan province into farming land, loosening and leveling the land, deeply turning the land, sowing any seeds in a high-bed deep groove, applying enough base fertilizer, regularly and quantitatively applying fertilizer and irrigating water according to the wild vegetable condition of the land every day, wherein the canopy density of the rooting period of germination is 0.9. The soil is kept exposed to the sun, and the vegetable field soil is kept moist by weather and irrigation. Determining the wild vegetable species in the land, and selecting and reserving the normally growing wide-spread wild vegetable, characteristic wild vegetable, marker wild vegetable and definite wild vegetable; and removing toxic plants, removing weeds such as herba Speranskiae Tuberculatae, Miscanthus floridulus, and herba Clinopodii as required, and removing insect pest; according to the growth characteristics and the types of the wild vegetables in the land, determining the corresponding cultivation schemes of the eurytopic wild vegetables, the characteristic wild vegetables, the marker wild vegetables and the definite wild vegetables, and carrying out agricultural cultivation according to the cultivation schemes.

After ten days, more than 200 plants can germinate and grow, the plantain herb, the dandelion, the endive moss, the sweet wormwood herb, the nostoc commune (shepherd's purse), the tuber fleeceflower root, the houttuynia cordata and the like grow over the land in the area after one month, and the plantain herb, the dandelion, the endive moss, the sweet wormwood herb, the nostoc commune, the tuber fleeceflower root and the houttuynia cordata are the wild herbs of the wide-variety, the characteristic wild herbs, the marker wild herbs and the definite-variety in the area. 300 kilograms of wild vegetables are harvested per mu in one year, and the total amount is 1200 kilograms.

Example 3

The embodiment of the application provides a method for breeding and producing wild vegetables of multiple families, which specifically comprises the following steps:

in a northeast region 372 family yard (southern Asia tropical region) of the southern school of the university of Zhongshan, 0.3 mu of fertile land is a farming land, and one longan tree with a relatively large diameter (the diameter at breast height is 20 cm) and another phellodendron bark tree with a diameter at breast height of 4 cm and a height of 3 m are arranged around the region.

Loosening and leveling the land, deeply turning the land, high ridges and deep grooves, sowing no seeds, applying enough base fertilizer, regularly and quantitatively applying fertilizer and irrigating water according to the wild vegetable condition of the land every day, and the canopy density of the sprouting in the fixed root period is 0.6. The soil is kept exposed to the sun, and the vegetable field soil is kept moist by weather and irrigation. Determining the wild vegetable species in the land, and selecting and reserving the normally growing wide-spread wild vegetable, characteristic wild vegetable, marker wild vegetable and definite wild vegetable; and removing toxic plants, removing weeds such as herba Speranskiae Tuberculatae, Miscanthus floridulus, and herba Clinopodii as required, and removing insect pest; according to the growth characteristics and the wild vegetable types of the wild vegetables in the land, determining corresponding cultivation schemes of the eurytopic wild vegetables, the characteristic wild vegetables, the marker wild vegetables and the definite wild vegetables, and carrying out agricultural cultivation according to the cultivation schemes.

More than 200 plants germinate and grow in seven days, and the coverage is basically realized in half a month (the coverage reaches more than 60 percent). One month later, the coverage of wild vegetables such as plantain, dandelion, endive, sweet wormwood, nostoc commune (shepherd's purse), polygonum multiflorum, houttuynia cordata, garden lilies (flower of Chinese kalimeris), safflower creeping oxalis and garden euphorbia herb is 100%, and the plantain, dandelion, endive, sweet wormwood, nostoc commune, polygonum multiflorum, houttuynia cordata, garden lilies, safflower creeping oxalis and garden euphorbia are the wild vegetables of the wide-variety, the wild vegetables of the characteristic variety, the wild vegetables of the marker variety and the wild vegetables of the definite variety in the area. 300 kilograms of wild vegetables (900 kilograms per mu) are harvested in five years.

In conclusion, the breeding and production method can produce wild vegetables of more than 100 diversified regions, namely 'wide variety', 'characteristic variety', 'marker variety', 'definite variety' and 'occasional variety' at one time (20-50 days) on the selected farming land.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A method for breeding and producing a wild vegetable of multiple families is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, loosening and leveling farmed and non-farmed land to obtain a flat natural seed bearing platform; the land is the land which can receive natural illumination; the loosening and leveling comprises removing stone gravel and weeds with the thickness of more than 1 mm in a plough layer of the land, arranging an irrigation drainage system, and then ploughing, applying base fertilizer and ploughing the land; wherein the land comprises one or more of farmland, dry land, side slope, forest gap, barren mountain land, forested land, forest under forest land and wetland;

step 2, irrigating and fertilizing the natural seed bearing platform regularly and quantitatively until the natural seed bearing platform enters a harvesting stage, wherein the water content of the natural seed bearing platform is kept at the field water capacity and the ecologically suitable soil water content for cultivating plant varieties;

step 3, the natural seed bearing platform grows to sprout, and the canopy density of the sprouting in the rooting stage is controlled to be 0.3-0.9;

step 4, screening the wild vegetables grown on the natural seed bearing platform, wherein the screening comprises determining the species of the wild vegetables grown on the natural seed bearing platform, and selecting and reserving the normally grown wide-variety wild vegetables, characteristic-variety wild vegetables, marker-variety wild vegetables, definite-variety wild vegetables, occasional-variety wild vegetables, precious-variety wild vegetables and new-species wild vegetables; and removing the toxic plant;

step 5, determining cultivation measures and variety breeding schemes corresponding to the widely-distributed wild herbs, the characteristic wild herbs, the marker wild herbs, the definite-species wild herbs, the accidental-species wild herbs and the precious-species wild herbs according to the growth characteristics and the wild herb types of the wild herbs, and carrying out agricultural cultivation according to the schemes;

and 6, harvesting and reserving seeds of the wild vegetables entering the harvesting stage.

2. The breeding and production method according to claim 1, wherein the slope of the land is 0-60 degrees; and the periphery of the land is provided with a fence for driving human beings and livestock.

3. The breeding and production method of claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer is selected from one or more of human manure, chicken manure, bird manure, cow manure, horse manure, biogas bottom material, decomposed and sieved bottom material of municipal domestic waste, and forest humus.

4. The breeding and production method according to claim 1, wherein the natural seed bearing platform is provided with a shading device according to the germination stage and leaf-expanding stage standard of plants, so that the germination stage and the leaf-expanding stage of the germination growth of the land are shaded.

5. The breeding and production method according to claim 1, wherein the growth characteristics include growth vigor, distribution type and inter-plant distance of the wild vegetables.

6. The breeding and production method of claim 5, wherein the distribution types include bulk distribution, uniform distribution, and single plant shattering.

7. The breeding and production method of claim 1, wherein the wild vegetable species are positive plants, negative plants, neutral plants, xerophytes, hygrophytes, aquatics, mesogens, and psammophytes.

8. The breeding and production method according to claim 1, wherein the new species of wild vegetables are subjected to cultivation experiments, breeding indexes of illumination conditions, temperature conditions, irrigation water amount, soil conditions and vernalization conditions of the new species of wild vegetables are collected, a cultivation scheme of the new species of wild vegetables is determined, and agricultural cultivation and harvesting are carried out according to the cultivation scheme.

9. The breeding and production method of claim 1, further comprising removing weeds and insect pests; removing weeds and insect pests from the germination stage to the harvesting stage of the wild vegetables.

10. The breeding and production method of claim 1, wherein the fruits and seeds of the wild herbs are bagged, breed-selected, screened and shaped during the fruit period of the wild herbs.