CN102715003B - Plantation method for obtaining high-content high-yield sweet wormwood in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Plantation method for obtaining high-content high-yield sweet wormwood in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN102715003B CN102715003B CN201210216603.6A CN201210216603A CN102715003B CN 102715003 B CN102715003 B CN 102715003B CN 201210216603 A CN201210216603 A CN 201210216603A CN 102715003 B CN102715003 B CN 102715003B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plantation method for obtaining high-content high-yield sweet wormwood in saline-alkali soil. The plantation method comprises preprocessing seeds, sorting land, raising seedlings, transplanting and harvesting. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that sweet wormwood seeds are soaked in a salt solution and processed by microwaves, and the resistance of the seeds is improved; by turning over soil and building a drainage system, the salinity of the saline-alkali soil is reduced and the accumulation of salt in the surface soil is prevented; by raising the seedlings and transplanting in advance, the growth period of the sweet wormwood is prolonged, the sweet wormwood is harvested before blower buds appear, and the artemisine content is ensured; and therefore, the high-content high-yield sweet wormwood is obtained in the saline-alkali soil which is not suitable for growing the sweet wormwood originally.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural planting technique field, be specifically related to a kind of implantation methods that obtains high-load high yield sweet wormwood in saline land.
Background technology
Sweet wormwood is China's traditional Chinese medicine, has effect clearing heat and detoxicating, soothing liver-gallbladder, in the > > of the < of Ge Hong < Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies, with regard to sweet wormwood on the books, can be used for treating malaria.The seventies in last century, China scientist is the separated qinghaosu that obtains from sweet wormwood, and qinghaosu and derivative thereof have become a line medication of current treatment malaria, concern hundreds of millions of malaria patients' life and health.
Due to qinghaosu complex structure, chemosynthesis is with high costs, and main source still extracts from plant sweet wormwood.All there is distribution on many ground, the wild sweet wormwood whole nation, but only has the sweet wormwood content in Wuling Mountains area higher, possesses industrial abstract and is worth.Along with the increase of the whole world to qinghaosu demand, wild sweet wormwood can not meet current demand.Current only have Chongqing, Hunan etc. sporadicly to plant along the peasant household in Wuling Mountains area, but be limited to the condition in mountain region, standardized planting on a large scale, and quality, quantity are all unstable, a little less than market risk withstand force.
The sweet wormwood plantation of development scale is that inevitable choice ，Dan China arable area of solution qinghaosu raw material sources is limited, is guaranteeing under the prerequisite of grain-production, and plant for sweet wormwood in the soil that the existing suitable crops of very difficult searching large area are cultivated.There is large-area beach in China and saline land, inland, because salt alkali content is high, is not suitable for common crop growth, and availability is very low, and economic benefit is very poor.If utilize saline land plantation sweet wormwood, can not only solve sweet wormwood plantation problems of land utilization, create higher economic benefit, and can improve soil, bring more land under cultivation, produce multiple benefits.But existing sweet wormwood kind and planting technology, be only adapted to the geographical climate environment of Wuling Mountains, transplants in other areas, will produce qualitative variation, the phenomenon that output content significantly reduces.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art exists, a kind of sweet wormwood implantation methods that (comprises beach and saline land, inland) in saline land and obtain high-load high yield is provided.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods that obtains high-load high yield sweet wormwood in saline land, comprise the steps: seed pretreatment, consolidation, grow seedlings, transplant and gather in.
Preferably, described seed pretreatment is that application salting liquid soaks seeds of southernwood or applied microwave is processed seeds of southernwood.
Preferably, described salting liquid is that sodium chloride solution, sodium bicarbonate solution or mass ratio are the sodium chloride of 1:1 and the mixed solution of sodium bicarbonate.
Preferably, the concentration of described sodium chloride solution, sodium bicarbonate solution, mixed solution is 50mmol/L～500mmol/L; The time of described immersion seeds of southernwood is 12～24 hours.
Preferably, during described microwave treatment seeds of southernwood, microwave power is 50～200W, and the processing time is 2～10 seconds, and number of processes is 1～3 time.
Preferably, described consolidation comprises turning over of soil and building of drainage system.
Preferably, turning over of described soil is specially: at the real tillage in the first year of plantation, ploughing depth is 0.15～0.3 meter; In described drainage system, the degree of depth in drain ditch is 0.3～0.8 meter, and wide is 0.3～0.6 meter, is spaced apart 5～10 meters.
Preferably, described in, grow seedlings and be specially: select loose soil as seedbed, at annual sowing in 1～February, plastic mulching heat and moisture preserving; Seedling spacing is 2～5 centimetres, seedling raise period 2～3 months.
Preferably, described transplanting is specially: transplanting time is 4～May, and spacing in the rows is 60 * 60 centimeters～100 * 100 centimeters.
Preferably, described harvesting is specially: in 8～September, and the first buddingging apart from sweet wormwood 3～15 days, adopt artificial or mechanical mode that sweet wormwood is cut down, dry in the shade or dry, collect sweet wormwood cured leaf.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The present invention is by the pretreatment mode of seed, be that salting liquid soaks or microwave treatment can strengthen seed resistance, improve its Germination characteristics in saline land and the salt tolerant alkalescence of seedling, grow seedlings in advance and contribute to sweet wormwood further to adapt to saline land, suitable temperature and humidity is conducive to the germination of sweet wormwood, and suitable spacing and the growth time of prolongation are conducive to the health of seedling and healthy and strong.By the construction of ploughing soil and drainage system, be conducive to utilize natural rainfall to fill pouring soil salt, reduce saline and alkaline, prevent the accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Before the existing bud of sweet wormwood, gather in, be conducive to the abundant accumulation of qinghaosu, prevent again that existing bud rear blade from dwindling and cause the underproduction, and qinghaosu degraded.By being different from above the mode of tradition plantation, guarantee sweet wormwood is grown normally, obtains high-load and high yield sweet wormwood cured leaf.
Embodiment
For the present invention is better understood; we will be further described in detail by specific embodiment; but this embodiment is not the restriction to embodiment; those of ordinary skill in the art can make different variations and change on the basis of the above description, and the apparent variation based on above-mentioned explanation and the present embodiment and change still belong to the protection domain of the invention.
comparative example 1
Select the common seeds of southernwood of market sale, without any pretreatment, after the Spring Festival, sow, grow seedlings.Soil through turn over smooth after, transplant before and after the Ching Ming Festival, spacing in the rows is 60 * 80 centimeters.Harvesting at the beginning of 8 months.Collect sweet wormwood cured leaf, and weigh, measure artemislnin content.Can gather in the crops 80～100 kilograms of sweet wormwood cured leafs for every mu, artemislnin content is 7/1000ths.
embodiment 1
Choose through preferred seeds of southernwood, adopt the sodium bicarbonate solution of 100mmol/L to soak 20 hours, distilled water flushing, dries under the condition of 15 ℃ of unglazed photographs 24 hours.Preparing near the saline land of plantation sweet wormwood, choose that the soil is porous, on the sunny side leeward, soil is as seedbed easily in draining, seedbed is smooth in advance, and with farmyard manure as base fertilizer, in sowing on solar calendar January 1, even water spray after planting, with plastic mulching, monitor in real time seedling bed temperature and humidity.Above-mentioned seedbed is smooth being specially in advance: at the beginning of the 12 months first year, turned over, ploughing depth is 20 centimeters, builds drainage system, 60 centimeters of draining ditch depths, and wide 40 centimeters, spacing is 8 meters.Chose seedbed about April 15 in, growing way is good, the sweet wormwood seedling that branch is many, and height, 20 centimeters of left and right, is transplanted in saline land, and spacing in the rows is 80 * 90 centimeters.About September 5, when observing sweet wormwood top and having fragmentary bud, adopt mechanical harvesting machine, sweet wormwood plant to be cut down, unified being placed in ready threshing ground, dries rear collection sweet wormwood cured leaf and weighs, and measure artemislnin content.Can gather in the crops 150～160 kilograms of sweet wormwood cured leafs for every mu, individual plant sweet wormwood cured leaf weight is at 250～300g, and artemislnin content is 8/1000ths.Be better than sweet wormwood tradition place of production per mu yield 120 kg left and right, the data of artemislnin content 7/1000ths.
embodiment 2
Choose through preferred seeds of southernwood, adopt the sodium chloride solution of 50mmol/L to soak 24 hours, distilled water flushing, dries under the condition of 20 ℃ of unglazed photographs 30 hours.Preparing near the saline land of plantation sweet wormwood, choose that the soil is porous, on the sunny side leeward, soil is as seedbed easily in draining, seedbed is smooth in advance, and with farmyard manure as base fertilizer, in sowing on solar calendar February 1, even water spray after planting, with plastic mulching, monitor in real time seedling bed temperature and humidity.Above-mentioned seedbed is smooth being specially in advance: at the beginning of the 12 months first year, turned over, ploughing depth is 30 centimeters, builds drainage system, 30 centimeters of draining ditch depths, and wide 30 centimeters, spacing is 5 meters.Chose seedbed about May 15 in, growing way is good, the sweet wormwood seedling that branch is many, and height, 20 centimeters of left and right, is transplanted in saline land, and spacing in the rows is 60 * 60 centimeters.About September 15, when observing sweet wormwood top and having fragmentary bud, adopt hand harvest, sweet wormwood plant to be cut down, unified being placed in ready threshing ground, dries rear collection sweet wormwood cured leaf and weighs, and measure artemislnin content.Can gather in the crops 120～130 kilograms of sweet wormwood cured leafs for every mu, individual plant sweet wormwood cured leaf weight is at 100～150g, and artemislnin content is 8/1000ths.Be better than sweet wormwood tradition place of production per mu yield 120 kg left and right, the data of artemislnin content 7/1000ths.
embodiment 3
Choose through preferred seeds of southernwood, the sodium chloride that the mass ratio that adopts 500mmol/L is 1:1 and the mixed solution of sodium bicarbonate soak 12 hours, and distilled water flushing, dries under the condition of 25 ℃ of unglazed photographs 20 hours.Preparing near the saline land of plantation sweet wormwood, choose that the soil is porous, on the sunny side leeward, soil is as seedbed easily in draining, seedbed is smooth in advance, and with farmyard manure as base fertilizer, in sowing on solar calendar January 15, even water spray after planting, with plastic mulching, monitor in real time seedling bed temperature and humidity.Above-mentioned seedbed is smooth being specially in advance: at the beginning of the 12 months first year, turned over, ploughing depth is 15 centimeters, builds drainage system, 80 centimeters of draining ditch depths, and wide 60 centimeters, spacing is 10 meters.Chose seedbed about May 1 in, growing way is good, the sweet wormwood seedling that branch is many, and height, 20 centimeters of left and right, is transplanted in saline land, and spacing in the rows is 100 * 100 centimeters.About August 20, when observing sweet wormwood top and having fragmentary bud, adopt mechanical harvesting machine, sweet wormwood plant to be cut down, unified being placed in ready threshing ground, collects sweet wormwood cured leaf and weighs, and measure artemislnin content after drying in the shade.Can gather in the crops 130～140 kilograms of sweet wormwood cured leafs for every mu, individual plant sweet wormwood cured leaf weight is at 150～200g, and artemislnin content is 8/1000ths.Be better than sweet wormwood tradition place of production per mu yield 120 kg left and right, the data of artemislnin content 7/1000ths.
embodiment 4
Choose through preferred seeds of southernwood, adopt the microwave treatment seeds of southernwood that power is 100W, the processing time is 6 seconds, and number of processes is 2 times.Preparing near the saline land of plantation sweet wormwood, choose that the soil is porous, on the sunny side leeward, soil is as seedbed easily in draining, seedbed is smooth in advance, and with farmyard manure as base fertilizer, in sowing on solar calendar January 1, even water spray after planting, with plastic mulching, monitor in real time seedling bed temperature and humidity.Above-mentioned seedbed is smooth being specially in advance: at the beginning of the 12 months first year, turned over, ploughing depth is 20 centimeters, builds drainage system, 60 centimeters of draining ditch depths, and wide 40 centimeters, spacing is 8 meters.Chose seedbed about April 15 in, growing way is good, the sweet wormwood seedling that branch is many, and height, 20 centimeters of left and right, is transplanted in saline land, and spacing in the rows is 80 * 90 centimeters.About September 5, when observing sweet wormwood top and having fragmentary bud, adopt mechanical harvesting machine, sweet wormwood plant to be cut down, unified being placed in ready threshing ground, dries rear collection sweet wormwood cured leaf and weighs, and measure artemislnin content.Can gather in the crops 140～145 kilograms of sweet wormwood cured leafs for every mu, individual plant sweet wormwood cured leaf weight is at 200～250g, and artemislnin content is 8/1000ths.Be better than sweet wormwood tradition place of production per mu yield 120 kg left and right, the data of artemislnin content 7/1000ths.
embodiment 5
The present embodiment is with embodiment 4, and institute's difference is: during microwave treatment seeds of southernwood, microwave power is 50W, and the processing time is 2 seconds, and number of processes is 3 times.Can gather in the crops 145～150 kilograms of sweet wormwood cured leafs for every mu, individual plant sweet wormwood cured leaf weight is at 250～280g, and artemislnin content is 8/1000ths.Be better than sweet wormwood tradition place of production per mu yield 120 kg left and right, the data of artemislnin content 7/1000ths.
embodiment 6
The present embodiment is with embodiment 4, and institute's difference is: during microwave treatment seeds of southernwood, microwave power is 200W, and the processing time is 10 seconds, and number of processes is 1 time.Can gather in the crops 155～160 kilograms of sweet wormwood cured leafs for every mu, individual plant sweet wormwood cured leaf weight is at 280～300g, and artemislnin content is 8/1000ths.Be better than sweet wormwood tradition place of production per mu yield 120 kg left and right, the data of artemislnin content 7/1000ths.
Claims (3)
1. in saline land, obtain an implantation methods for high-load high yield sweet wormwood, it is characterized in that, described implantation methods comprises the steps: seed pretreatment, consolidation, grows seedlings, transplants and gather in;
Described seed pretreatment is that application salting liquid soaks seeds of southernwood or applied microwave is processed seeds of southernwood;
Described salting liquid is that sodium chloride solution, sodium bicarbonate solution or mass ratio are the sodium chloride of 1:1 and the mixed solution of sodium bicarbonate;
The concentration of described sodium chloride solution, sodium bicarbonate solution, mixed solution is 50mmol/L～500mmol/L; The time of described immersion seeds of southernwood is 12～24 hours;
During described microwave treatment seeds of southernwood, microwave power is 50～200W, and the processing time is 2～10 seconds, and number of processes is 1～3 time;
Described consolidation comprises turning over of soil and building of drainage system;
Turning over of described soil is specially: at the real tillage in the first year of plantation, ploughing depth is 0.15～0.3 meter; In described drainage system, the degree of depth in drain ditch is 0.3～0.8 meter, and wide is 0.3～0.6 meter, is spaced apart 5～10 meters;
Described growing seedlings is specially: at annual sowing in 1～February, plastic mulching heat and moisture preserving; Seedling spacing is 2～5 centimetres, seedling raise period 2～3 months.
2. the implantation methods that obtains high-load high yield sweet wormwood in saline land according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described transplanting is specially: transplanting time is 4～May, and spacing in the rows is 60 * 60 centimeters～100 * 100 centimeters.
3. the implantation methods that obtains high-load high yield sweet wormwood in saline land according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described harvesting is specially: in 8～September, before buddingging apart from sweet wormwood 3～15 days, adopt artificial or mechanical mode that sweet wormwood is cut down, dry in the shade or dry, collect sweet wormwood cured leaf.
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| CN104541879A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 重庆昶信农业有限公司 | Planting technology of artemisia apiacea |
| CN105981558A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-10-05 | 安徽亿源药业股份有限公司 | Method for planting radix platycodonis |
| CN105638228A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-06-08 | 南京晓庄学院 | Cultivation method capable of increasing yield of herba portulacae planted in saline-alkali soil |
| CN108370875A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-08-07 | 衡南县丰盈农林种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of sweet wormwood |
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| CN85100966A (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1986-07-23 | 中医研究院中药研究所 | The seeds of southernwood germination technology |
| CN1215754C (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2005-08-24 | 天津大学 | Method for raising salt and alkaliresistance of plant seed by adopting microwave treatment technique |
| CN101011007B (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2011-08-17 | 湖南诺德生物科技有限公司 | Sweet wormwood cultivation method |
| CN101438645B (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2011-07-27 | 四川师范大学 | Method for treating seed for seedling culture of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. var. vestita Diels |
| CN101524029B (en) * | 2009-04-09 | 2011-01-05 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Method for artificially culturing artemisia annua linn in high altitude areas |
| CN101548599B (en) * | 2009-05-25 | 2011-09-21 | 刘长根 | Pretreating method for seed of Idesia polycarpa seedling |
| CN101743830A (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2010-06-23 | 上海市农业科学院 | Cultivation management method for environmental release test of transgenic southernwood |
| CN102204439A (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2011-10-05 | 甘肃农业大学 | Alfalfa seed pretreatment method for improving vigor of seedlings and saline-alkali resistance |
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