CN104082005A - Konjak and okra intercropping cultivation method - Google Patents
Konjak and okra intercropping cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a konjak and okra intercropping cultivation method. The konjak and okra intercropping cultivation method includes the steps of (1) soil preparation and ridging, (2) growing of okra seedlings, (3) konjak sowing, (4) planting, (5) field management, (6) okra harvesting, and (7) konjak harvesting. The konjak belongs to plants loving the shady environment, yield and quality of the konjak can be improved under certain shady conditions, while the okra belongs to plants loving sunshine, the requirements of the konjak and the okra are met through konjak and okra intercropping, and the sunshine is effectively used. Most root systems of the konjak are distributed in the place 0 cm-25 cm away from the earth surface, root systems of the okra are distributed in a slightly-deep place 20 cm-40 cm away from the earth surface, and fertilizers and water in different soil layer depths can be effectively used through konjak and okra intercropping. The konjak and the okra are intercropped, the disease resistance of the konjak is strengthened, the soft rot of the konjak is reduced, utilization of pesticides is reduced, the yield and the quality of the konjak can be improved, and the ecological environment is protected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting technical field, is a kind of intercropping culture method of konjaku and ambrette specifically.
Background technology
Konjaku is Araeceae Amorphophallus herbaceos perennial, main product, abounds with in Southwestern China area.Its stem tuber is rich in Glucomannan, have reducing blood lipid, fat-reducing, antitumor, strengthen the effects such as immunologic function, be deeply subject to the favor of health food market.In Japan, konjaku becomes the delicacies of seat seat indispensability already, is described as " magic power food ".In the fresh bulb of konjaku, also contain alkaloid, pharmaceutically external application, has removing toxicity for detumescence function.At present, konjaku has become the important foreign exchange earning vegetables of China.
Konjaku is a kind of bottom vegetation of Tropical Asian rainforest, negative plant, and suitable growth is having under the vegetation of the effect of sheltering from heat or light.Sunshine is strong, and soft rot morbidity is serious, and the qualitative change of yield reducation product is bad, in cultivation, should suitably shade.Produce at present upper general konjaku and the corn intercrop of adopting, this method reaches to a certain extent diseases prevention and rationally utilizes the effect of sunlight.But be 3 months the vegetative period of corn, and the growth of konjaku surpasses 6 months the period of gathering, and the intercropping mode of konjaku/corn has one section of nothing to shelter from heat or light period of effect.In production, also there are konjaku and kiwi fruit and other fruit tree intercropping and interplantings, but must just can adopt the method in planting fruit trees district.Therefore explore konjaku intercropping and interplanting pattern to promoting the sound development of konjaku plant husbandry to have great importance.
Okra is the special vegetable that China recent years is introduced, although there is no large-area plantation, because of its unique mouthfeel and effect, has at home sizable market potential, than maize planting, can receive larger economic benefit.Plant height and the palmate blade of okra 1.5～2m more can play the effect of sheltering from heat or light simultaneously.And okra damage by disease and insect is few, with konjaku without identical damage by disease and insect.Direct sunlight is avoided in konjaku plantation, most of Root Distribution are within the scope of 25cm soil layer, and okra is sun plant, root system is relatively slightly dark, therefore the intercropping of konjaku/okra can more effectively utilize sunlight and rich water, improve the comprehensive benefit of konjaku, okra, reached the good quality and high output efficient object of konjaku, okra.
Summary of the invention
Order of the present invention ground is the deficiency that makes up the existing interplant of konjaku, and a kind of konjaku/okra intercropping and interplanting cropping pattern is provided, and reaches the efficient production object of good quality and high output of konjaku, okra.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of intercropping culture method of konjaku and okra, comprises the steps:
(1) whole ground ridging: select deep, loose fertile, the well-drained loam of soil layer or sandy loam, whole ground ridging after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 70～80cm, opens the drain ditch that width is 30～40cm between ridge;
(2) okra is grown seedlings: 50～55 ℃ of water seed soaking 15min for okra seed, then at room temperature soak seed 10～20 hours, vernalization 12～24 hours under 25～30 ℃ of conditions after seed soaking finishes, when having half seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, in booth or greenhouse, with seedling-cultivating tray, by 2, every hole seed with sprout, carry out seeding and seedling raising, field planting when 3～4 true leaves of okra;
(3) konjaku sowing: be watered 20kg immersion kind taro with 1,000 ten thousand unit agricultural streptomycin wetting powders and take out airing 1～2 day after 0.5～1 hour, the kind taro of having sterilized was embedded in and in soil loose in greenhouse or booth, carries out vernalization in 15～20 days before plantation, keep 15～25 ℃ of temperature, soil moisture 70～80% is planted when the long 1cm of bud;
(4) plantation: the mode replacing by okra, konjaku on every ridge is planted;
In the present invention, modes two between can separate room during plantation two, two, separate room, San Heshuan ridge, separate room five are planted, the pattern plantation in separate room two i.e. " konjaku-okra-konjakus ", two between two is every ridge four lines, the pattern plantation of " okra-konjaku-okra-konjaku ", San Jimei ridge, separate room four lines, by the plantation of " okra-konjaku-konjaku-konjaku " pattern; One group, Wu Jiliang ridge, Shuan Long separate room, every group of three row, left ridge is by the plantation of " konjaku-konjaku-okra " pattern, right ridge three row.
(5) field management: after okra field planting respectively after slow seedling, first the flowers are in blossom put before and yield positive results after intertill and clean tillage three times, and insert near the fixedly plant of okra plant with the long bamboo pole of 0.5～1m, when konjaku will be opened up leaf, earth up, thickness 5～8cm, envelope sprays 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2～3 times behind ridge;
(6) okra is gathered: according to the conventional method okra of gathering;
(7) konjaku is gathered: according to the conventional method konjaku of gathering.
Further, in step (1), applying base fertilizer is fertilizer special for konjak, and sowing amount is every mu of 1500kg.
Further, in step (4), when temperature gos up to 15 ℃, start to plant okra and konjaku.
Compared with prior art, useful technique effect of the present invention is:
(1) konjaku belongs to the shady crop of happiness, can improve output and the quality of konjaku, and okra is the crop of happiness sunlight under certain shading condition, and just in time each takes what he needs for okra and konjaku intercropping, effectively utilizes sunlight;
(2) the most of Root Distribution of konjaku are within the scope of the 25cm of earth's surface, and the relatively slightly dark 20～40cm of okra root system, so the intercropping of konjaku okra can more effectively utilize the rich water of the different soil degree of depth;
(3) konjaku and okra intercropping, strengthened the disease resistance of okra, reduced the generation of konjak soft rot, reduced the use of agricultural chemicals, and single fertilization, has reduced production cost, can preserve the ecological environment;
(4) konjaku and okra intercropping have improved the comprehensive benefit of konjaku, okra, for scale, the standardized production of konjaku industry provides technical foundation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiment based in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
An intercropping method for konjaku and ambrette, comprises the steps:
(1) whole ground ridging: select deep, loose fertile, the well-drained loam of soil layer or sandy loam, whole ground ridging after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, applying base fertilizer is fertilizer special for konjak, sowing amount is every mu of 1500kg, the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 70cm, opens the drain ditch that width is 30cm between ridge;
(2) okra is grown seedlings: 50 ℃ of water seed soaking 15min for okra seed, then at room temperature soak seed 10 hours, vernalization 12 hours under 25 ℃ of conditions after seed soaking finishes, when having half seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, in booth or greenhouse with carrying out seeding and seedling raising by 2, every hole seed with sprout in seedling-cultivating tray, field planting when 3 true leaves of okra;
(3) konjaku sowing: be watered 20kg immersion kind taro with 1,000 ten thousand unit agricultural streptomycin wetting powders and take out airing 1 day after 0.5 hour, in being embedded in soil loose in greenhouse or booth by the kind taro of having sterilized in first 15 days, plantation carries out vernalization, keep 15 ℃ of temperature, soil moisture 70% is planted when the long 1cm of bud;
(4) planting patterns: when the temperature rises every year to 15 ℃, 1 row okra, 3 row konjakus plantations on every ridge, okra spacing in the rows 50cm, 6 times that plant taro transverse diameter is line-spacing, 4 times is spacing in the rows;
(5) after the field planting of field management okra respectively after slow seedling, first the flowers are in blossom put before and yield positive results after intertill and clean tillage three times, and with the bamboo pole of 0.5m, insert near the lodging that prevents okra okra plant; When konjaku will be opened up leaf, earth up, thickness 5cm envelope sprays 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times behind ridge;
(6) okra is gathered according to the conventional method okra of gathering;
(7) konjaku is gathered: according to the conventional method konjaku of gathering.
Embodiment 2
An intercropping method for konjaku and ambrette, comprises the steps:
(1) whole ground ridging: select deep, loose fertile, the well-drained loam of soil layer or sandy loam, whole ground ridging after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, applying base fertilizer is fertilizer special for konjak, sowing amount is every mu of 1500kg, the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 80cm, opens the drain ditch that width is 40cm between ridge;
(2) okra is grown seedlings: 55 ℃ of water seed soaking 15min for okra seed, then at room temperature soak seed 20 hours, vernalization 24 hours under 30 ℃ of conditions after seed soaking finishes, when having half seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, in booth or greenhouse with carrying out seeding and seedling raising by 2, every hole seed with sprout in seedling-cultivating tray, field planting when 4 true leaves of okra;
(3) konjaku sowing: be watered 20kg immersion kind taro with 1,000 ten thousand unit agricultural streptomycin wetting powders and take out airing 2 days after 1 hour, in being embedded in soil loose in greenhouse or booth by the kind taro of having sterilized in first 20 days, plantation carries out vernalization, keep 25 ℃ of temperature, soil moisture 80% is planted when the long 1cm of bud;
(4) planting patterns: when the temperature rises every year to 15 ℃, 2 row okras, 2 row konjakus plantations on every ridge, okra spacing in the rows 50cm, 6 times that plant taro transverse diameter is line-spacing, 4 times is spacing in the rows;
(5) after the field planting of field management okra respectively after slow seedling, first the flowers are in blossom put before and yield positive results after intertill and clean tillage three times, and with the bamboo pole of 1m, insert near the lodging that prevents okra okra plant; When konjaku will be opened up leaf, earth up, thickness 8cm envelope sprays 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 times behind ridge;
(6) okra is gathered according to the conventional method okra of gathering;
(7) konjaku is gathered: according to the conventional method konjaku of gathering.
Embodiment 3
Inventor has carried out the examination of okra high yield and high quality safety cultivation in 2012 Nian Sichuan Province Ya'an Sichuan Agricultural University farms.Main research situation is as follows:
(1) experiment material
Okra is " five happinesses " kind (Zhejiang agricultural college provides).Konjaku is selected elephant-foot yam (rain color konjaku in Chengdu provides).
(2) intercropping mode
T
1separate room is two: every ridge three row, and by the pattern plantation of " konjaku-okra-konjaku ".
T
2two between two: every ridge four lines, the pattern plantation of " okra-konjaku-okra-konjaku ".
T
3separate room three: every ridge four lines, by the plantation of " okra-konjaku-konjaku-konjaku " pattern.
T
4one group, five: two ridges, Shuan Long separate room, every group of three row, left ridge is by the plantation of " konjaku-konjaku-okra " pattern, and right ridge three row are all planted konjaku.
CK control group: plant clearly three row konjakus in contrast, do not do any measure of sheltering from heat or light.
(3) plantation of konjaku and okra
Whole ground ridging after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, the high 20cm in ridge, three row plant row spacing 60cm, 4 row plant row spacing 80cm, the about 40cm of draining furrow width.Okra is in seeding and seedling raising on March 5, and be colonizated in field April 5.Konjaku is also planted field 5 kinds of April.Community area 90m
2.Field planting management is with conventional production management.Investigate Amorphophallus Yield, the soft rot incidence of disease harvest time.
(4) result
Different intercropping modes on the impact of konjak soft rot and output in Table 1.Different intercropping modes all has volume increase and protection effect to konjaku, volume increase 16.0～84.9%, protection effect 40.9～84.3%.Wherein separate room three-mode effect of increasing production and protection effect are best, volume increase 84.9%, and protection effect 84.3%, the incidence of disease of soft rot only has 9.5%, so in konjaku production, advises adopting the cultivation mode in separate room three.
The impact of the different intercropping modes of table 1 on konjak soft rot and output
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the intercropping culture method of konjaku and okra, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) whole ground ridging: select deep, loose fertile, the well-drained loam of soil layer or sandy loam, whole ground ridging after applying fertilizer to the subsoil, the high 20cm in ridge, row spacing 70～80cm, opens the drain ditch that width is 30～40cm between ridge;
(2) okra is grown seedlings: 50～55 ℃ of water seed soaking 15min for okra seed, then at room temperature soak seed 10～20 hours, vernalization 12～24 hours under 25～30 ℃ of conditions after seed soaking finishes, when having half seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, in booth or greenhouse, with seedling-cultivating tray, by 2, every hole seed with sprout, carry out seeding and seedling raising, field planting when 3～4 true leaves of okra;
(3) konjaku sowing: be watered 20kg immersion kind taro with 1,000 ten thousand unit agricultural streptomycin wetting powders and take out airing 1～2 day after 0.5～1 hour, the kind taro of having sterilized was embedded in and in soil loose in greenhouse or booth, carries out vernalization in 15～20 days before plantation, keep 15～25 ℃ of temperature, soil moisture 70～80% is planted when the long 1cm of bud;
(4) plantation: the mode replacing by okra, konjaku on every ridge is planted;
(5) field management: after okra field planting respectively after slow seedling, first the flowers are in blossom put before and yield positive results after intertill and clean tillage three times, and insert near the fixedly plant of okra plant with the long bamboo pole of 0.5～1m, when konjaku will be opened up leaf, earth up, thickness 5～8cm, envelope sprays 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2～3 times behind ridge;
(6) okra is gathered: according to the conventional method okra of gathering;
(7) konjaku is gathered: according to the conventional method konjaku of gathering.
2. the intercropping culture method of konjaku and okra according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), applying base fertilizer is fertilizer special for konjak, and sowing amount is every mu of 1500kg.
3. the intercropping culture method of konjaku and okra according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), when temperature gos up to 15 ℃, starts to plant okra and konjaku.
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| CN106234003A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-12-21 | 陈星瑞 | The stable high yield implantation methods of Semen Phaseoli Vulgaris |
| CN106305084A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-11 | 陈星瑞 | Disease and insect pest resisting planting method of kidney beans |
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| CN107087491A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-08-25 | 汉阴县科农魔芋种植研发有限公司 | A kind of konjac seed cultivates implantation methods |
| CN108812146A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-11-16 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Make to inhibit the cultural method of pest and disease damage between a kind of konjaku and the tuber of stemona |
| CN109006216A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-12-18 | 安顺市平坝区绿源现代农业有限责任公司 | A kind of method that gumbo interplants fiery green onion |
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| CN112772329A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-11 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Cultivation method for intercropping and breeding sugarcane and bulbil konjak |
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| CN105230275A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-01-13 | 潜山县传文瓜子有限公司 | Method for interplanting trichosanthes kirilowii and lettuce |
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| CN109006216A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-12-18 | 安顺市平坝区绿源现代农业有限责任公司 | A kind of method that gumbo interplants fiery green onion |
| CN109275534A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2019-01-29 | 竹溪县泉溪益群魔芋专业合作社 | A kind of method that cave carries field planting konjaku |
| CN112772329A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-11 | 富源县金地魔芋种业有限公司 | Cultivation method for intercropping and breeding sugarcane and bulbil konjak |
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