CN110999735A - Method for cultivating asparagus in moderately severe saline-alkali soil by avoiding salt at rhizosphere - Google Patents
Method for cultivating asparagus in moderately severe saline-alkali soil by avoiding salt at rhizosphere Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and provides a rhizosphere salt-avoiding cultivation method for asparagus in medium and severe saline-alkali soil, aiming at solving the problem that the asparagus is difficult to be cultivated in the medium and severe saline-alkali soil with the total salt content of more than 3.0g/kg at present. The method is characterized in that irrigation and rotary tillage are not needed before asparagus is planted in spring, a mechanical deep groove is formed to form a large ridge, surface soil rich in salt is concentrated on the back of the ridge to form field surfaces with alternate furrows and ridges, the asparagus is fertilized and planted in the ridge, the ridge is filled after autumn, the ridge is filled with less salt soil after the ridge back is washed with rainwater in summer and autumn, the soil salt which is ascended along with moisture evaporation is accommodated, and the surface soil layer rich in salt is avoided at the rhizosphere of the asparagus all the year. Can cultivate asparagus in medium and heavy saline-alkali soil with salt content of more than 3.0g/kg, ensure the normal growth of survival and obtain high yield and high efficiency effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a rhizosphere salt-avoiding cultivation method for asparagus in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil, which is used for cultivating asparagus in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil and takes the rhizosphere salt-avoiding cultivation method as a core. The method is suitable for cultivating asparagus in medium and severe saline-alkali soil with the total salt content of more than 3.0g/kg, and the rhizosphere salt-avoiding cultivation method is simple to operate, easy to popularize, and not limited to medium and severe saline-alkali soil with high underground water level, high river bed overhang and poor drainage, nor to cultivation of fruit trees, forest trees and other crops in medium and severe saline-alkali soil.
Background
A large amount of saline-alkali soil exists in China, asparagus is planted in mild saline-alkali soil with the salt content of below 3g/kg, and normal growth of the asparagus can be realized by adopting measures such as ditching for removing salt, fresh water pressure for salt, ridging and film covering, seed selection for salt-tolerant varieties and the like. However, when the asparagus is planted in the medium and heavy saline-alkali soil with the salt content of more than 3g/kg, the salt and the alkali can cause harm to the asparagus, and the phenomena of seedling death and seedling shortage are very serious. Therefore, the exploration of the rhizosphere salt-avoiding cultivation method of the asparagus and the large-scale planting of the asparagus on moderate and severe saline-alkali soil become urgent needs for developing and utilizing the saline-alkali soil.
Chinese patent CN201410107300.X discloses a coastal saline-alkali land asparagus cultivation method, which belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and the specific method is as follows: the method selects the technologies of salt-tolerant asparagus varieties, inter-ridge mulching films, fresh water pressure salt and the like, and realizes the planting of the asparagus in the saline-alkali soil with the salt content of 1-2 g/kg. But the method is not suitable for moderate and severe saline-alkali soil.
Chinese patent CN109380075A discloses a method for cultivating asparagus in saline-alkali soil, which has the core content that asparagus seeds are treated by saline water and ultraviolet rays, so that the asparagus is suitable for being planted in the high saline-alkali soil of 6-8 g/kg. But the method is difficult to popularize and apply in a large scale.
Chinese patent CN109220626A discloses a method for cultivating tetraploid purple asparagus in saline-alkali soil, which has the core content of concealed conduit alkali discharge, but the concealed conduit alkali discharge is limited by the underground water level and the riverbed height in use and is not suitable for moderate and severe saline-alkali soil with poor water discharge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rhizosphere salt-avoiding cultivation method for asparagus in medium and severe saline-alkali soil, aiming at solving the problem that the asparagus is difficult to be cultivated in the medium and severe saline-alkali soil with the total salt content of more than 3.0g/kg at present. Namely a moderate and severe saline-alkali soil asparagus cultivation technique taking a rhizosphere salt-avoiding cultivation method as a core.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for cultivating asparagus in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by avoiding salt at rhizosphere comprises the steps of not irrigating and rotary tillage before asparagus is planted in spring, mechanically opening deep grooves to form large ridges, concentrating surface soil rich in salt on the ridge back to form field surfaces with alternate furrows and ridges, intensively fertilizing and planting the asparagus in the furrows, flattening the ridges and filling the furrows after autumn, backfilling the furrows with less salt on the ridge back after being washed by rainwater in summer and autumn, so as to accommodate the salt of the soil which ascends along with moisture evaporation in winter and spring, and avoiding the surface soil layer rich in salt at the rhizosphere of the asparagus all the year.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting high-quality asparagus varieties;
(2) greenhouse seedling culture: the seedling raising time is 7 months in the previous year of the planned cultivation year, the seedling raising method adopts greenhouse nutrition bowls for seedling raising, seeds are sunned before sowing and soaked in warm water at 50 ℃ for germination acceleration, the seeds are sown when the seeds are exposed to the white, and one seedling is sown in each bowl; in the middle ten days of 4 months in the next year, when the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 30cm, the seedlings can be transplanted to a field;
(3) selecting a saline-alkali wasteland: selecting moderate and severe saline-alkali soil which is not suitable for planting conventional crops, wherein the saline-alkali content is high or low, and the groundwater level can be cultivated land or wasteland with the groundwater level below 0.5m as long as salt-tolerant weeds grow;
(4) ditching, ridging and salt avoiding: after thawing in early spring in the middle ten 3 months, mechanically digging large furrows and forming large ridges to form field surfaces with alternate furrows and ridges, concentrating soil on the surface layers of the planting furrows rich in salt on the backs of the large ridges, and exposing furrow soil with less salt to cultivate asparagus;
(5) spraying and weed control: after ditching and ridging and before planting, closing soil by using trifluralin or a field application supplement and field toprament herbicide to prevent and remove various weeds;
(6) fertilizing and field planting in the ditch: planting asparagus in furrows in the middle ten days of 4 months, applying base fertilizer into the furrows before planting, applying 2500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 3000kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu; after fertilization, a miniature rotary cultivator is used for rotary tillage in the ditch, the rotary tillage depth is 10cm, and fertilizers in the ditch are mixed with soil; the planting density is one ditch and one line, the line spacing is 180cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, and 1800 plants are left in each mu; after the asparagus is planted for 10 days, seedling checking and supplementing are carried out to ensure the whole seedlings;
during field planting, manually forming small pits with the depth of 3-5cm in the field planting ditches, and removing nutrition pots of asparagus seedlings for planting; observing the growth direction of the asparagus bulbiferous discs during planting, wherein the growth direction of each asparagus bulbiferous disc is consistent and forms an angle of 45 degrees with the direction of the furrows or the planting rows;
(7) leveling ridges, filling ditches and containing salt: after summer and autumn rain passes, carrying out rotary tillage among ridges by using a rotary cultivator to flatten the ridges and fill the furrows, backfilling low-salt soil on the ridge back after rain falling and washing in summer and autumn into the asparagus planting furrows, and backfilling the soil with the thickness of 20 cm; after the furrows are filled by flat ridges, the salt ascending in winter and spring is concentrated in a new soil layer on the planting furrows, and the asparagus rhizosphere avoids a surface soil layer with high salt content; 2500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 3000kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of furrows in the furrows before the furrows are filled by leveling the ridges;
(8) managing the perennial bamboo shoots: the management measures of moisture, fertilization, pest control, weed control, harvesting, storage, sale and the like of the perennial asparagus for more than two years are the same as the technique for cultivating the asparagus in the non-saline land.
The seeds selected in the step (1) are high-quality asparagus varieties such as golden crown and emerald pearl. The nutrient soil adopted in the seedling raising of the greenhouse nutrition bowls in the step (2) is greenhouse high humus soil and fully fermented and well decomposed livestock manure according to the proportion of 3: 1 volume ratio. The standard of opening the large ditch and forming the large ridge in the step (4) is as follows: one area of 180cm is formed, planting furrows with the depth of 20cm and the furrow width of 40cm are formed by taking the in-situ plane as a standard, and field surfaces with the width of 180cm, the furrow width of 40cm, the furrow depth of 30cm, the ridge back height of 30cm and the furrow width of 140cm are formed at intervals. 3000kg of decomposed farmyard manure of 2500-; the growth direction of each asparagus tuber plate and the direction of the furrows or the planting rows form an angle of 45 degrees.
Backfilling low-salt soil on the ridge back after rain-washing in summer and autumn into the asparagus planting ditch, wherein the backfilling soil is 20cm thick; 3000kg of decomposed farmyard manure 2500-.
The invention conforms to the annual salinity operation rule of saline-alkali soil, namely the change process that the salinity of the soil descends below a plough layer along with rainfall in summer and autumn and the salinity of the soil ascends to the surface layer of the soil along with the evaporation of water in winter and spring. Three core farming steps are adopted, namely ditching, ridging and salt avoiding before bamboo shoot planting in spring, fertilizing and field planting in ditch, and flat ridge filling and salt containing after autumn. Specifically speaking, the method comprises the following steps: before asparagus is planted in spring, the asparagus is not irrigated and rotary-tilled, but mechanically furrows are dug to form large ridges to form field surfaces with alternate furrows and ridges, surface soil containing a large amount of salt is concentrated on the back of the ridges, furrow soil with less salt is exposed, fertilizer is concentrated in the furrows, the asparagus is planted, salt and alkali hazards are avoided at the rhizosphere, and normal survival and growth can be realized. And after autumn, filling the furrows with flat ridges, and backfilling the soil with less salt on the ridge backs, which is washed by rainwater in summer and autumn, into the furrows so as to accommodate the soil salt ascending along with moisture evaporation in winter and spring, so that the asparagus rhizosphere is kept away from a topsoil layer with the largest salt content all year round and can grow normally. Can cultivate asparagus in medium and heavy saline-alkali soil with salt content of more than 3.0g/kg, ensure the normal growth of survival and obtain high yield and high efficiency effect.
Through soil collection and testing, the total salt content of the ridge back of a plough layer of 0-20cm of a field newly planted with asparagus is 3.66g/kg, the pH value is 9.01, the total salt content of the furrow is only 1.93g/kg, the pH value is 8.59, the total salt content of the furrow soil is reduced by nearly half compared with that of the ridge back soil, and the pH value is reduced from 9.01 to 8.59. Soil collection and testing are carried out on 0-5cm, 5-10cm and 10-20cm plough layers of 4-year-old asparagus planting fields, the total salt content of the 0-5cm plough layers is 3.61g/kg, and the total salt content of the 5-10cm plough layers and the 10-20cm plough layers is 1.43g/kg and 1.22g/kg respectively, which indicates that salt content is upwards operated in winter, the salt content is mainly concentrated in the soil layers of 0-5cm, more than 50% of salt content is concentrated, and the total salt content of the 5-10cm plough layers and the 10-20cm plough layers is 2.5 times of that of the 10-20cm plough layers.
Through statistics, the average yield per mu of the biennial bamboo shoots is more than 250 kilograms, and the income per mu of the young bamboo shoots is 2500-; the average yield per mu of the bamboo shoots growing for three years and more than three years is more than 500 kilograms, and the average income per mu is 5000-. The investment per mu is removed from 1500 yuan, and the pure income per mu of bamboo shoots more than three years is more than 3500 yuan. Is more than 3 times of the pure income per mu of corn planted in a local fertile land.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of annual salt running rule of saline-alkali soil;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the ditching, ridging and salt-avoiding in spring of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of fertilization, rotary tillage and field planting in the trench according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of salt storage in the autumn flat ridge ditch filling.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, the invention conforms to the annual salinity operation law of saline-alkali soil that salt moves with water and water moves with salt retention, namely the change process that the salt moves downwards to the lower part of a plough layer along with rainfall soil in summer and autumn and the salt moves upwards to the surface layer of the soil along with water evaporation soil in winter and spring.
A method for cultivating asparagus in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by avoiding salt at rhizosphere comprises the steps of not irrigating and rotary tillage before asparagus is planted in spring, mechanically opening deep grooves to form large ridges, concentrating surface soil rich in salt on the ridge back to form field surfaces with alternate furrows and ridges, intensively fertilizing and planting the asparagus in the furrows, flattening the ridges and filling the furrows after autumn, backfilling the furrows with less salt on the ridge back after being washed by rainwater in summer and autumn, so as to accommodate the salt of the soil which ascends along with moisture evaporation in winter and spring, and avoiding the surface soil layer rich in salt at the rhizosphere of the asparagus all the year.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting high-quality asparagus varieties such as golden crown, emerald pearl and the like;
(2) greenhouse seedling culture: the seedling raising time is 7 months before the planned cultivation year, the seedling raising method adopts greenhouse nutrition bowls for raising seedlings, and the nutrient soil adopts greenhouse high humus soil and fully fermented and well decomposed livestock manure according to the weight ratio of 3: 1 volume ratio; sunning the seeds before sowing, soaking the seeds in warm water at 50 ℃ for accelerating germination, sowing when the seeds are exposed to the white, and sowing one seed in each pot; in the middle ten days of 4 months in the next year, when the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 30cm, the seedlings can be transplanted to a field;
(3) selecting a saline-alkali wasteland: selecting moderate and severe saline-alkali soil which is not suitable for planting conventional crops, wherein the saline-alkali content is high or low, and the groundwater level can be cultivated land or wasteland with the groundwater level below 0.5m as long as salt-tolerant weeds grow;
(4) ditching, ridging and salt avoiding: after thawing in early spring in the middle ten 3 months, mechanically digging large furrows and forming large ridges to form field surfaces with alternate furrows and ridges, concentrating soil on the surface layers of the planting furrows rich in salt on the backs of the large ridges, and exposing furrow soil with less salt to cultivate asparagus;
as shown in fig. 2, the criteria for making large furrows and ridges are: one area of 180cm is formed, planting furrows with the depth of 20cm and the furrow width of 40cm are formed by taking the in-situ plane as a standard, and field surfaces with the width of 180cm, the furrow width of 40cm, the furrow depth of 30cm, the ridge back height of 30cm and the furrow width of 140cm are formed at intervals.
(5) Spraying and weed control: after ditching and ridging and before planting, closing soil by using trifluralin or a field application supplement and field toprament herbicide to prevent and remove various weeds;
(6) fertilizing and field planting in the ditch: planting asparagus in furrows in the middle ten days of 4 months, applying base fertilizer into the furrows before planting, applying 2500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 3000kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu; after fertilization, a miniature rotary cultivator is used for rotary tillage in the ditch, the rotary tillage depth is 10cm, and fertilizers in the ditch are mixed with soil; the planting density is one ditch and one line, the line spacing is 180cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, and 1800 plants are left in each mu; after the asparagus is planted for 10 days, seedling checking and supplementing are carried out to ensure the whole seedlings;
during planting, manually digging small pits with the depth of 3-5cm in planting furrows by using a small shovel, and removing nutrition pots of asparagus seedlings for planting; a bulb plate is arranged at the joint of the young stem of the asparagus seedling and the primary root, and a stem is grown above the root below the bulb plate, as shown in figure 3, the growing direction of the asparagus bulb plate is observed during planting, the growing direction of each asparagus bulb plate is consistent, and an angle of 45 degrees is formed between each asparagus bulb plate and the direction of a furrow ridge or a planting row; the development directions of the bulbil trays are consistent, so that tender shoots can be extracted from one side of the planting row every year, and bamboo shoot picking, cultivation and management are facilitated.
(7) Leveling ridges, filling ditches and containing salt: as shown in fig. 4, in order to avoid the salt from the asparagus rhizosphere, after the summer and autumn rain season, the evaporation amount is increased, before the underground salt is concentrated to the ground surface along with the evaporation of water in the running direction, a rotary cultivator is used for carrying out rotary tillage among ridges and ridge leveling and furrow filling, low-salt soil after rain washing in summer and autumn is arranged on the ridge back, the low-salt soil is backfilled in the asparagus planting furrow, and the backfilling soil is 20cm thick; after the furrows are filled by flat ridges, the salt ascending in winter and spring is concentrated in a new soil layer on the planting furrows, and the asparagus rhizosphere avoids a surface soil layer with high salt content; 2500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 3000kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of furrows in the furrows before the furrows are filled by leveling the ridges;
(8) managing the perennial bamboo shoots: the asparagus is planted and survived in the moderately severe saline-alkali soil by the asparagus rhizosphere salt-avoiding cultivation method, and the asparagus rhizosphere successfully avoids a topsoil layer with higher salt content all year round. The management measures of moisture, fertilization, pest control, weed control, harvesting, storage, sale and the like of the perennial asparagus for more than two years are the same as the technique for cultivating the asparagus in the non-saline land.
The seeds selected in the step (1) are high-quality asparagus varieties such as golden crown and emerald pearl. The nutrient soil adopted in the seedling raising of the greenhouse nutrition bowls in the step (2) is greenhouse high humus soil and fully fermented and well decomposed livestock manure according to the proportion of 3: 1 volume ratio. The standard of opening the large ditch and forming the large ridge in the step (4) is as follows: one area of 180cm is formed, planting furrows with the depth of 20cm and the furrow width of 40cm are formed by taking the in-situ plane as a standard, and field surfaces with the width of 180cm, the furrow width of 40cm, the furrow depth of 30cm, the ridge back height of 30cm and the furrow width of 140cm are formed at intervals. And (4) applying 2500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 3000kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu in the steps (6) and (7), and applying the fertilizer once in spring and autumn. And (7) leveling ridges, filling the furrows with salt, and filling soil on the back of the ridges into the asparagus planting furrows, wherein the thickness of the filled soil is 20 cm.
Experimental example: a special cooperative society of planting farmers in Xixiang county is located in the middle Hutuo river coastal moderate and severe saline-alkali area in the North middle of Shanxi province, and the initial test succeeds by testing 120 mu of rhizosphere salt-avoiding asparagus cultivation technology on moderate and severe saline-alkali land in 2015. And then, the cultivation is expanded year by year, 110 mu is newly planted in 2016, 200 mu is newly planted in 2017, 170 mu is newly planted in 2018, 400 mu is newly planted in 2019, and the total cultivation area reaches 1000 mu. Most cultivated lands (wastelands) of the cooperative are sulfate and chloride saline soil, a small part of the cultivated lands (wastelands) contain carbonate saline soil, the soil texture is sandy soil, the total salt content of the soil in winter and spring is more than 5g/kg, seedlings are difficult to catch when common salt-tolerant crops are planted, the yield is low, and most farmers discard the wastelands and cannot breed any kind. The successful test of the rhizosphere salt-avoiding cultivation method of the asparagus in the medium and severe saline-alkali soil provides successful experience for the development of the asparagus cultivation in the north and middle saline-alkali soil and similar areas of Shanxi province, is highly emphasized by various levels of asparagus associations and related departments, and successfully holds the research and discussion of the asparagus major health industry by the cooperative in 8 middle-aged ten days in 2019.
The rhizosphere salt-avoiding effect is obvious: full salt content assay results: after a rhizosphere salt-avoiding cultivation method is adopted, in 2019 and 5 months, through soil collection and testing, the total salt content of ridge backs of 0-20cm plough layers of asparagus newly planted fields is 3.66g/kg, the pH value is 9.01, the total salt content of furrow is only 1.93g/kg, the pH value is 8.59, the total salt content of furrow soil is reduced by nearly half compared with that of ridge back soil, and the pH value is reduced from 9.01 to 8.59. Soil collection and testing are carried out on 0-5cm, 5-10cm and 10-20cm plough layers of 4-year-old asparagus planting fields, the total salt content of the 0-5cm plough layers is 3.61g/kg, and the total salt content of the 5-10cm plough layers and the 10-20cm plough layers is 1.43g/kg and 1.22g/kg respectively, which indicates that salt content is upwards operated in winter, the salt content is mainly concentrated in the soil layers of 0-5cm, more than 50% of salt content is concentrated, and the total salt content of the 5-10cm plough layers and the 10-20cm plough layers is 2.5 times of that of the 10-20cm plough layers. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: test result of asparagus soil sample
(2) The asparagus root system distributes in few salt layer: through a seedling digging test, root systems of 4-year-old asparagus are mainly distributed below 15cm and grow without root systems above 15cm, a salt-avoiding cultivation method for asparagus in medium and severe saline-alkali soil utilizes a salt-dividing annual operation rule, deep ditches are formed to form large ridges before asparagus are planted in spring, a surface soil layer containing a large amount of salt is concentrated on the backs of the ridges, furrow soil with low salt content is exposed, and asparagus is fertilized and fixedly planted in the furrows; the ridge back salt is leached to the deep soil layer along with rainfall in summer, autumn and rain, the ridge back soil is desalted, the flat ridge filling ditch is filled after autumn, and the ridge back less salt soil is backfilled into the ridge ditch to accept the soil salt which ascends along with the water evaporation in winter and spring, so that the surface soil layer with the largest salt content is avoided at the rhizosphere of the asparagus all year round, and the asparagus can grow normally.
The economic benefit is remarkable: the asparagus cultivated in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by the farmer professional cooperative society planted in the temple, Jifu, county, horse, survives and grows vigorously in the same year, and the asparagus grows to yield in the second year and reaches the yield in the third year. Through statistics, the average yield per mu of the biennial bamboo shoots is more than 250 kilograms, and the income per mu of the young bamboo shoots is 2500-; the average yield per mu of the bamboo shoots growing for three years and more than three years is more than 500 kilograms, and the average income per mu is 5000-. The investment per mu is removed from 1500 yuan, and the pure income per mu of bamboo shoots more than three years is more than 3500 yuan. Is more than 3 times of the pure income per mu of corn planted in a local fertile land.
Claims (7)
1. A method for cultivating asparagus in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil by rhizosphere salt avoidance is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is characterized in that irrigation and rotary tillage are not needed before asparagus is planted in spring, a mechanical deep groove is formed to form a large ridge, surface soil rich in salt is concentrated on the back of the ridge to form field surfaces with alternate furrows and ridges, the asparagus is fertilized and planted in the ridge, the ridge is filled after autumn, the ridge is filled with less salt soil after the ridge back is washed with rainwater in summer and autumn, the soil salt which is ascended along with moisture evaporation is accommodated, and the surface soil layer rich in salt is avoided at the rhizosphere of the asparagus all the year.
2. The method for cultivating asparagus in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil through rhizosphere salt avoidance according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting high-quality asparagus varieties;
(2) greenhouse seedling culture: the seedling raising time is 7 months in the previous year of the planned cultivation year, the seedling raising method adopts greenhouse nutrition bowls for seedling raising, seeds are sunned before sowing and soaked in warm water at 50 ℃ for germination acceleration, the seeds are sown when the seeds are exposed to the white, and one seedling is sown in each bowl; in the middle ten days of 4 months in the next year, when the height of the seedlings is more than or equal to 30cm, the seedlings can be transplanted to a field;
(3) selecting a saline-alkali wasteland: selecting moderate and severe saline-alkali soil which is not suitable for planting conventional crops, wherein the saline-alkali content is high or low, and the groundwater level can be cultivated land or wasteland with the groundwater level below 0.5m as long as salt-tolerant weeds grow;
(4) ditching, ridging and salt avoiding: after thawing in early spring in the middle ten 3 months, mechanically digging large furrows and forming large ridges to form field surfaces with alternate furrows and ridges, concentrating soil on the surface layers of the planting furrows rich in salt on the backs of the large ridges, and exposing furrow soil with less salt to cultivate asparagus;
(5) spraying and weed control: after ditching and ridging and before planting, closing soil by using trifluralin or a field application supplement and field toprament herbicide to prevent and remove various weeds;
(6) fertilizing and field planting in the ditch: planting asparagus in furrows in the middle ten days of 4 months, applying base fertilizer into the furrows before planting, applying 2500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 3000kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer per mu; after fertilization, a miniature rotary cultivator is used for rotary tillage in the ditch, the rotary tillage depth is 10cm, and fertilizers in the ditch are mixed with soil; the planting density is one ditch and one line, the line spacing is 180cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, and 1800 plants are left in each mu; after the asparagus is planted for 10 days, seedling checking and supplementing are carried out to ensure the whole seedlings;
during field planting, manually forming small pits with the depth of 3-5cm in the field planting ditches, and removing nutrition pots of asparagus seedlings for planting; observing the growth direction of the asparagus bulbiferous discs during planting, wherein the growth direction of each asparagus bulbiferous disc is consistent and forms an angle of 45 degrees with the direction of the furrows or the planting rows;
(7) leveling ridges, filling ditches and containing salt: after summer and autumn rain passes, carrying out rotary tillage among ridges by using a rotary cultivator to flatten the ridges and fill the furrows, backfilling low-salt soil on the ridge back after rain falling and washing in summer and autumn into the asparagus planting furrows, and backfilling the soil with the thickness of 20 cm; after the furrows are filled by flat ridges, the salt ascending in winter and spring is concentrated in a new soil layer on the planting furrows, and the asparagus rhizosphere avoids a surface soil layer with high salt content; 2500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 3000kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of furrows in the furrows before the furrows are filled by leveling the ridges;
(8) managing the perennial bamboo shoots: the management measures of moisture, fertilization, pest control, weed control, harvesting, storage, sale and the like of the perennial asparagus for more than two years are the same as the technique for cultivating the asparagus in the non-saline land.
3. The method for cultivating asparagus in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil through rhizosphere salt avoidance according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the seeds selected in the step (1) are high-quality asparagus varieties such as golden crown and emerald pearl.
4. The method for cultivating asparagus in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil through rhizosphere salt avoidance according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the nutrient soil adopted in the seedling raising of the greenhouse nutrition bowls in the step (2) is greenhouse high humus soil and fully fermented and well decomposed livestock manure according to the proportion of 3: 1 volume ratio.
5. The method for cultivating asparagus in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil through rhizosphere salt avoidance according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the standard of opening the large ditch and forming the large ridge in the step (4) is as follows: one area of 180cm is formed, planting furrows with the depth of 20cm and the furrow width of 40cm are formed by taking the in-situ plane as a standard, and field surfaces with the width of 180cm, the furrow width of 40cm, the furrow depth of 30cm, the ridge back height of 30cm and the furrow width of 140cm are formed at intervals.
6. The method for cultivating asparagus in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil through rhizosphere salt avoidance according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: 3000kg of decomposed farmyard manure of 2500-; the growth direction of each asparagus tuber plate and the direction of the furrows or the planting rows form an angle of 45 degrees.
7. The method for cultivating asparagus in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil through rhizosphere salt avoidance according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: backfilling low-salt soil on the ridge back after rain-washing in summer and autumn into the asparagus planting ditch, wherein the backfilling soil is 20cm thick; 3000kg of decomposed farmyard manure 2500-.
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