CN111165251A - Interplanting method for improving yield of apple orchard - Google Patents
Interplanting method for improving yield of apple orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN111165251A CN111165251A CN202010018990.7A CN202010018990A CN111165251A CN 111165251 A CN111165251 A CN 111165251A CN 202010018990 A CN202010018990 A CN 202010018990A CN 111165251 A CN111165251 A CN 111165251A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
the invention discloses an interplanting method for improving yield of an apple orchard, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to an interplanting method for improving the yield of an apple orchard.
Background
High yield, high quality and high efficiency are the goals pursued by crop production, and also in apple cultivation and production. Especially, along with the continuous improvement of living standard of people, the apple is more and more favored to be organic, green and pollution-free. How to improve the yield and quality of apples has become the key point of the work of apple growers and related research and development departments.
Researches show that reasonable interplanting of plants in apple orchard can improve the yield and quality of apple fruits to a certain extent, additionally increase economic benefits and greatly improve the enthusiasm of growers. However, in the current process of interplanting plants in apple orchards, the problem that the development of the apple trees is influenced because the interplanting plants are inappropriate and compete for water and nutrients with the apple trees is caused, and due to the increase of the interplanted apple orchards, the management workload is improved, managers cannot manage reasonably in due time, and the management is difficult to take into account and is not paid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an interplanting method for improving the yield of an apple orchard, which can improve the ecological environment for the growth of fruit trees in the apple orchard so as to promote the growth of the apple trees, thereby improving the yield and quality of the apple trees, changing the single yield structure of the apple orchard and improving the economic income of growers through diversified yield.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an interplanting method for improving the yield of an apple orchard comprises the following steps
transplanting apple seedlings
Transplanting apples in a dwarf mode from root stocks to 4.5m in the first year from late 3 months to early 4 months, wherein the depth of a transplanting pit is 30-40cm, the transplanting pit is backfilled, a black mulching film is fully covered, the inter-row land of the apple trees is turned deeply in 9 months, the turning depth is 15-25cm, and the black mulching film is covered around the apple trees;
seed and plant intercropping
In the last 3 months of the next year, carrying out mixed sowing of grass seeds on blank lands among apple tree rows to form grass planting belts, wherein the distance between the two sides of each grass planting belt and the apple trunk is 80-100cm, and black mulching films are covered around the apple trees and the blank lands without grass seeds; the mixed sowing is to sow white clover seeds and wheatgrass seeds in a mixed mode, wherein the white clover seeds and the wheatgrass seeds are mixed according to the weight ratio of 2: 1-3; turning over the inter-row land of the apple trees in the depth of 9 months, wherein the turning over depth is 15-20 cm;
performing seedling culture on the traditional Chinese medicinal materials
In the last ten days of 4 months in the third year, ditching is carried out on blank land among rows of apple trees to form seedling raising ditches with the width of 2.3-2.8m and the depth of 5-8cm, collected wild artemisia capillaris seeds are dibbled into seedling raising cups, then the seedling raising cups are placed in seedling raising, gaps among the seedling raising cups are filled with soil dug out by the ditching, colorless mulching films are covered on the seedling raising cups to form artemisia capillaris planting belts, the seedling raising cups are degradable disposable environment-friendly nutrition bowls with the specification of 6.5 multiplied by 6.5cm, seedling raising matrixes are filled in the seedling raising cups, and 1 wild artemisia capillaris seed is dibbled in each seedling raising cup; after the colorless mulching film is covered on the seedling cup, covering a black-white two-color mulching film around the apple trees and on blank land without grass planting, wherein the white film is upward;
⑷ apple orchard management
Irrigating, watering and topdressing in an apple orchard at proper time every year, trimming and shaping the apple trees, controlling the height of the apple trees not to exceed 3.5m, and forming a thin spindle-shaped tree form within 5 years; when the height of the artemisia capillaris seedling is more than 10cm, the artemisia capillaris seedling is close to the base of the stem and collected, the plant spacing in the artemisia capillaris planting zone is not more than 10cm, and the field with the plant spacing exceeding 10cm is transplanted in situ and replanting; and (4) digging out apple trees with low fruit bearing rate from the beginning of 3 months every year in the sixth year, and transplanting the Chinese yews in situ, wherein the transplanting number of the Chinese yews in the apple orchard is not more than 1/5 of the number of the apple trees.
Further, the backfilling transplanting pit is formed by filling a surface soil layer, an organic fertilizer layer, a nutrient soil layer and a sand layer on the uppermost layer, wherein the thickness ratio of the surface soil layer, the organic fertilizer layer, the nutrient soil layer and the sand layer is 3:6:20: 1.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is prepared from decomposed sheep manure, decomposed cow manure, decomposed straws and bentonite according to a ratio of 1:1: 2: 0.1 by weight ratio.
Preferably, the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing plant ash, leaf mold and garden soil according to the weight ratio of 2:1: 7.
Further, the seedling culture substrate is formed by mixing nutrient soil, organic fertilizer, fine sand and mushroom fungus chaff according to the weight ratio of 9:1:4: 5.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the invention, apple seedlings are transplanted in the first year to form a wide-row close-planting orchard, black mulching is adopted to raise ground temperature, keep warm and moisture, prevent weeds, freeze and kill pest eggs in a field turned over before winter, white clover and wheatgrass are sowed in the second year in a row in a mixed mode, soil structure is improved, ecological environment of apple tree growth is improved, overground parts are turned into the ground in autumn to increase soil fertility, wild artemisia capillaris is domesticated and cultivated in the third year in the row, apple fruits with improved quality and quality are planted in the fourth year in the beginning, artemisia capillaris is harvested in the row to serve as vegetables or Chinese medicinal materials, statistics is carried out on apple tree output in the first two years in the sixth year, apple trees with low yield are dug out, the method has the advantages that the yew is transplanted in situ, the overground environment of the apple trees is improved, the growth environment of the apples is improved in all directions, the application amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, and the quality and quality of the apples are improved from a natural angle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments further describe the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
An interplanting method for improving the yield of an apple orchard comprises the following steps
transplanting apple seedlings
Transplanting apple dwarf self-rooted stock grafting seedlings in a mode of 1.2m plant spacing and 4m row spacing from late 3-month to early 4-month in the first year, wherein the depth of a transplanting pit is 3cm, backfilling the transplanting pit, fully covering a black mulching film, turning over the inter-row land of the apple tree in the deep 9 months, turning over the land in the deep 15cm depth, and covering the black mulching film around the apple tree; the backfilling and transplanting pit is formed by filling a surface soil layer, an organic fertilizer layer, a nutrient soil layer and a sand layer on the uppermost layer, wherein the thickness ratio of the surface soil layer, the organic fertilizer layer, the nutrient soil layer and the sand layer is 3:6:20: 1; the organic fertilizer is prepared from decomposed sheep manure, decomposed cow manure, decomposed straws and bentonite according to a ratio of 1:1: 2: 0.1 by weight ratio; the nutrient soil is formed by mixing plant ash, leaf mold and garden soil according to the weight ratio of 2:1: 7;
seed and plant intercropping
In the last 3 months of the next year, carrying out grass seed mixed sowing on blank lands among rows of the apple trees to form grass planting belts, wherein the distance between the two sides of each grass planting belt and the trunk of the apple tree is 80cm, and black mulching films are covered around the apple trees and the blank lands without grass seeds; the mixed sowing is to sow white clover seeds and wheatgrass seeds in a mixed mode, wherein the white clover seeds and the wheatgrass seeds are mixed according to the weight ratio of 2: 1; turning over the inter-row land of the apple trees in the deep depth of 9 months, wherein the turning over depth is 15 cm;
performing seedling culture on the traditional Chinese medicinal materials
In the last 4 th ten days of the third year, ditching is carried out on blank land among rows of apple trees to form seedling raising ditches with the width of 2.3m and the depth of 5cm, collected wild artemisia capillaris seeds are dibbled into seedling raising cups and then placed in the seedlings, gaps among the seedling raising cups are filled with soil dug out by ditching, colorless mulching films are covered on the seedling raising cups to form artemisia capillaris planting belts, the seedling raising cups adopt degradable disposable environment-friendly nutrition bowls with the specification of 6.5 multiplied by 6.5cm, seedling raising media are filled in the seedling raising cups, and 1 wild artemisia capillaris seed is dibbled in each seedling raising cup; after the colorless mulching film is covered on the seedling cup, covering a black-white two-color mulching film around the apple trees and on blank land without grass planting, wherein the white film is upward; the seedling culture substrate is formed by mixing nutrient soil, organic fertilizer, fine sand and mushroom fungus chaff according to the weight ratio of 9:1:4: 5.
⑷ apple orchard management
Irrigating, watering and topdressing in an apple orchard at proper time every year, trimming and shaping the apple trees, controlling the height of the apple trees not to exceed 3.5m, and forming a thin spindle-shaped tree form within 5 years; when the height of the artemisia capillaris seedling is more than 10cm, the artemisia capillaris seedling is close to the base of the stem and collected, the plant spacing in the artemisia capillaris planting zone is not more than 10cm, and the field with the plant spacing exceeding 10cm is transplanted in situ and replanting; and (4) digging out apple trees with low fruit bearing rate from the beginning of 3 months every year in the sixth year, and transplanting the Chinese yews in situ, wherein the transplanting number of the Chinese yews in the apple orchard is not more than 1/5 of the number of the apple trees.
Example 2
An interplanting method for improving the yield of an apple orchard comprises the following steps
transplanting apple seedlings
Transplanting the apple dwarfing self-rooted stock grafted seedlings in a mode of plant spacing of 1.8m and row spacing of 4.5m in the first year from late 3 months to early 4 months, wherein the depth of a transplanting pit is 40cm, the transplanting pit is backfilled, black mulching films are fully covered, the inter-row land of the apple tree is turned deeply in 9 months, the turning depth is 25cm, and the black mulching films are covered around the apple tree; the backfilling and transplanting pit is formed by filling a surface soil layer, an organic fertilizer layer, a nutrient soil layer and a sand layer on the uppermost layer, wherein the thickness ratio of the surface soil layer, the organic fertilizer layer, the nutrient soil layer and the sand layer is 3:6:20: 1; the organic fertilizer is prepared from decomposed sheep manure, decomposed cow manure, decomposed straws and bentonite according to a ratio of 1:1: 2: 0.1 by weight ratio; the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing plant ash, leaf mold and garden soil according to the weight ratio of 2:1: 7.
seed and plant intercropping
In the last 3 months of the next year, carrying out grass seed mixed sowing on blank lands among rows of the apple trees to form grass planting belts, wherein the distance between the two sides of each grass planting belt and the trunk of the apple tree is 100cm, and black mulching films are covered around the apple trees and the blank lands without grass seeds; the mixed sowing is to sow white clover seeds and wheatgrass seeds in a mixed mode, wherein the white clover seeds and the wheatgrass seeds are mixed according to the weight ratio of 2: 3; turning the inter-row land of the apple trees in the depth of 9 months, wherein the turning depth is 20 cm;
performing seedling culture on the traditional Chinese medicinal materials
In the last 4 th ten days of the third year, ditching is carried out on blank land among rows of apple trees to form seedling raising ditches with the width of 2.8m and the depth of 8cm, collected wild artemisia capillaris seeds are dibbled into seedling raising cups and then placed in the seedlings, gaps among the seedling raising cups are filled with soil dug out by ditching, colorless mulching films are covered on the seedling raising cups to form artemisia capillaris planting belts, the seedling raising cups adopt degradable disposable environment-friendly nutrition bowls with the specification of 6.5 multiplied by 6.5cm, seedling raising media are filled in the seedling raising cups, and 1 wild artemisia capillaris seed is dibbled in each seedling raising cup; after the colorless mulching film is covered on the seedling cup, covering a black-white two-color mulching film around the apple trees and on blank land without grass planting, wherein the white film is upward; the seedling culture substrate is formed by mixing nutrient soil, organic fertilizer, fine sand and mushroom fungus chaff according to the weight ratio of 9:1:4: 5;
⑷ apple orchard management
Irrigating, watering and topdressing in an apple orchard at proper time every year, trimming and shaping the apple trees, controlling the height of the apple trees not to exceed 3.5m, and forming a thin spindle-shaped tree form within 5 years; when the height of the artemisia capillaris seedling is more than 10cm, the artemisia capillaris seedling is close to the base of the stem and collected, the plant spacing in the artemisia capillaris planting zone is not more than 10cm, and the field with the plant spacing exceeding 10cm is transplanted in situ and replanting; and (4) digging out apple trees with low fruit bearing rate from the beginning of 3 months every year in the sixth year, and transplanting the Chinese yews in situ, wherein the transplanting number of the Chinese yews in the apple orchard is not more than 1/5 of the number of the apple trees.
Example 3
An interplanting method for improving the yield of an apple orchard comprises the following steps
transplanting apple seedlings
Transplanting apple dwarf rootstock grafted seedlings in a mode of 1.5m plant spacing and 4m row spacing from late 3-month to early 4-month in the first year, wherein the depth of a transplanting pit is 35cm, backfilling the transplanting pit, fully covering a black mulching film, turning over the inter-row land of the apple tree in the deep 9 months, and covering the black mulching film around the apple tree, wherein the turning depth of the land is 20 cm; the backfilling and transplanting pit is formed by filling a surface soil layer, an organic fertilizer layer, a nutrient soil layer and a sand layer on the uppermost layer, wherein the thickness ratio of the surface soil layer, the organic fertilizer layer, the nutrient soil layer and the sand layer is 3:6:20: 1; the organic fertilizer is prepared from decomposed sheep manure, decomposed cow manure, decomposed straws and bentonite according to a ratio of 1:1: 2: 0.1 by weight ratio; the nutrient soil is formed by mixing plant ash, leaf mold and garden soil according to the weight ratio of 2:1: 7;
seed and plant intercropping
In the last 3 months of the next year, carrying out grass seed mixed sowing on blank lands among rows of the apple trees to form grass planting belts, wherein the distance between the two sides of each grass planting belt and the trunk of the apple tree is 80cm, and black mulching films are covered around the apple trees and the blank lands without grass seeds; the mixed sowing is to sow white clover seeds and wheatgrass seeds in a mixed mode, wherein the white clover seeds and the wheatgrass seeds are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1; turning over the inter-row land of the apple trees in the deep depth of 9 months, wherein the turning over depth is 15 cm;
performing seedling culture on the traditional Chinese medicinal materials
In the last ten days of 4 months in the third year, furrowing is carried out on blank land among rows of apple trees to form seedling culture furrows with the width of 2.5m and the depth of 6.5cm, collected wild artemisia capillaris seeds are dibbled into seedling culture cups, then the seedling culture cups are placed in the seedling culture furrows, gaps among the seedling culture cups are filled with soil dug out by the furrowing furrows, colorless mulching films are covered on the seedling culture cups to form artemisia capillaris planting belts, the seedling culture cups adopt degradable disposable environment-friendly nutrition bowls with the specification of 6.5 multiplied by 6.5cm, seedling culture matrixes are filled in the seedling culture cups, and 1 wild artemisia capillaris seed is dibbled in each seedling culture cup; after the colorless mulching film is covered on the seedling cup, covering a black-white two-color mulching film around the apple trees and on blank land without grass planting, wherein the white film is upward; the seedling culture substrate is formed by mixing nutrient soil, organic fertilizer, fine sand and mushroom fungus chaff according to the weight ratio of 9:1:4: 5;
⑷ apple orchard management
Irrigating, watering and topdressing in an apple orchard at proper time every year, trimming and shaping the apple trees, controlling the height of the apple trees not to exceed 3.5m, and forming a thin spindle-shaped tree form within 5 years; when the height of the artemisia capillaris seedling is more than 10cm, the artemisia capillaris seedling is close to the base of the stem and collected, the plant spacing in the artemisia capillaris planting zone is not more than 10cm, and the field with the plant spacing exceeding 10cm is transplanted in situ and replanting; and (4) digging out apple trees with low fruit bearing rate from the beginning of 3 months every year in the sixth year, and transplanting the Chinese yews in situ, wherein the transplanting number of the Chinese yews in the apple orchard is not more than 1/5 of the number of the apple trees.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The interplanting method for improving the yield of the apple orchard is characterized by comprising the following steps:
transplanting apple seedlings
Transplanting apples in a dwarf mode from root stocks to 4.5m in the first year from late 3 months to early 4 months, wherein the depth of a transplanting pit is 30-40cm, the transplanting pit is backfilled, a black mulching film is fully covered, the inter-row land of the apple trees is turned deeply in 9 months, the turning depth is 15-25cm, and the black mulching film is covered around the apple trees;
seed and plant intercropping
In the last 3 months of the next year, carrying out mixed sowing of grass seeds on blank lands among apple tree rows to form grass planting belts, wherein the distance between the two sides of each grass planting belt and the apple trunk is 80-100cm, and black mulching films are covered around the apple trees and the blank lands without grass seeds; the mixed sowing is to sow white clover seeds and wheatgrass seeds in a mixed mode, wherein the white clover seeds and the wheatgrass seeds are mixed according to the weight ratio of 2: 1-3; turning over the inter-row land of the apple trees in the depth of 9 months, wherein the turning over depth is 15-20 cm;
performing seedling culture on the traditional Chinese medicinal materials
In the last ten days of 4 months in the third year, ditching is carried out on blank land among rows of apple trees to form seedling raising ditches with the width of 2.3-2.8m and the depth of 5-8cm, collected wild artemisia capillaris seeds are dibbled into seedling raising cups, then the seedling raising cups are placed in seedling raising, gaps among the seedling raising cups are filled with soil dug out by the ditching, colorless mulching films are covered on the seedling raising cups to form artemisia capillaris planting belts, the seedling raising cups are degradable disposable environment-friendly nutrition bowls with the specification of 6.5 multiplied by 6.5cm, seedling raising matrixes are filled in the seedling raising cups, and 1 wild artemisia capillaris seed is dibbled in each seedling raising cup; after the colorless mulching film is covered on the seedling cup, covering a black-white two-color mulching film around the apple trees and on blank land without grass planting, wherein the white film is upward;
⑷ apple orchard management
Irrigating, watering and topdressing in an apple orchard at proper time every year, trimming and shaping the apple trees, controlling the height of the apple trees not to exceed 3.5m, and forming a thin spindle-shaped tree form within 5 years; when the height of the artemisia capillaris seedling is more than 10cm, the artemisia capillaris seedling is close to the base of the stem and collected, the plant spacing in the artemisia capillaris planting zone is not more than 10cm, and the field with the plant spacing exceeding 10cm is transplanted in situ and replanting; and (4) digging out apple trees with low fruit bearing rate from the beginning of 3 months every year in the sixth year, and transplanting the Chinese yews in situ, wherein the transplanting number of the Chinese yews in the apple orchard is not more than 1/5 of the number of the apple trees.
2. The interplanting method according to claim 1, wherein: the backfilling transplanting pit is formed by filling a surface soil layer, an organic fertilizer layer, a nutrient soil layer and a sand layer on the uppermost layer, wherein the thickness ratio of the surface soil layer, the organic fertilizer layer, the nutrient soil layer and the sand layer is 3:6:20: 1.
3. The interplanting method according to claim 2, wherein: the organic fertilizer is prepared from decomposed sheep manure, decomposed cow manure, decomposed straws and bentonite according to a ratio of 1:1: 2: 0.1 by weight ratio.
4. The interplanting method according to claim 3, wherein: the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing plant ash, leaf mold and garden soil according to the weight ratio of 2:1: 7.
5. The interplanting method of claim 4, wherein: the seedling culture substrate is formed by mixing nutrient soil, organic fertilizer, fine sand and mushroom fungus chaff according to the weight ratio of 9:1:4: 5.
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| CN113796251A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-17 | 兰州大学 | Method for jointly covering green grass and mulching film for preserving soil moisture and increasing carbon in apple orchard |
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