CN102893789B - Low-altitude root and seedling cultivating and protecting method for seeds of Betula albo-sinensis Burk - Google Patents
Low-altitude root and seedling cultivating and protecting method for seeds of Betula albo-sinensis Burk Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-altitude root and seedling cultivating and protecting method for seeds of Betula albo-sinensis Burk. The seedling cultivating method for seeds of Betula albo-sinensis Burk comprises the steps of: collecting seeds, selecting a cultivating land, processing the seeds, sowing, transplanting, taking out of a nursery and the like and is characterized in that a low-altitude area which is lower than 1000m is taken as the cultivating land; the seeds are soaked by 10-30mg/L of GGR6 before sowing; and during transplanting, 1/3-1/4 of the main root is cut off. According to the low-altitude root and seedling cultivating and protecting method for seeds of Betula albo-sinensis Burk, the seedling cultivating duration can be effectively shortened, the nursery stock quality is improved and the afforestation survival rate is guaranteed; and a major restriction bottleneck, namely the problem of providing high-quality seedlings, in the process of artificial afforestation of the Betula albo-sinensis Burk can be solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forestry
seedlingfield, relates in particular to the low height above sea level mulch of a kind of red birch seed seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Red birch (Betula albo-sinensis Burk) is the fallen leaves megaphanerophyte of Betulaceae Betula, is Chinese endemic species.Red birch is distributed widely in the natural forest area in Southwestern China, northwest and North China, that the main forest in this area is built one of group seeds, mainly be grown in high mountain more than height above sea level 1800_m, at the middle and upper part well-grown of the Schattenseite of 2400～3000_m scope, half Schattenseite, half tailo, normal composition pure forest, sometimes with Huashan pine, dragon spruce, the mixed life of fir.
The light red brown of red birch material, quality is hard, texture densification, color and luster is even, flexible, can, for gun stock, aircraft, sleeper, splint, furniture, musical instrument, joiner and military project material and special for material, be also the important materials of plywood industry.Birch micromicro extracts skin tar and roasting glue, for tanning and medicine.Resin can beverage processed.
In high height above sea level natural forest area, because the seeds of natural distributed are single, the pin, the deciduous species that adapt to manual inseminating are less, comparatively difficulty of choice of tree species in the time of afforestation.And the characteristics such as red birch not only has that natural distribution height above sea level is higher, growth is stable, disease and insect resistance and strong adaptability, and natural regeneration ability is strong, growth is fast, material is good, wreck after easy natural rudiment recovery and manual inseminating's survival rate higher.Therefore, as Southwestern China, the good broad-leaved reproducting tree species of one's native land in the high Altitude Region in northwest and natural forest area, North China, red birch shows very outstanding advantage in afforestation practice, can mix and hand over afforestation with other coniferous species, forms the stable theropencedrymion of growth.For this reason, accelerating red birch seedling and produce, is to rely on red birch to carry out the element task of every afforested project.
At present, the cultivation of red birch nursery stock still adopts traditional seedbed to grow seedlings or directly seeding and seedling raising means of container (nutritious bag) on the spot, and this method has the following disadvantages:
1. growing-seedling period reaches 2 years.Red birch Distribution Sea lifts, in original producton location
on the spotthe accumulated temperature of growing seedlings is low, and vegetative period is short, needs for 2 years, within the 3rd year, just can go out garden afforestation.
2. traditional water logging germination accelerating method emergence rate less than 30%.The germination rate of red birch seed own is low on the one hand, and 30～50%, the opposing party is flushing, and birch seed is tiny, and metabolic ability is weak, anti-adversity ability is low.
3. do not transplant
stay bedred birch bareroot seedling fibrous root is few, when lifting transport, easily hinders root, and survival rate is low, and Afforestation Time is subject to the restriction in season.
4. red birch percentage of seedgermination is low, the direct seeding and seedling raising of container, and germination and emergence rate is low, and empty cup rate is high, need in container, broadcast many seeds for this reason, need to carry out thinning to the seedling how long going out, and the nutritious bag not germinateing will be filled the gaps with seedlings.On the other hand, red birch seedling root system development in container is poor, and main root easily buries or nest root through container, damages root system when lifting, affects survival rate.
Thereby, how to provide the red birch seedling of high-quality to become the key issue in red birch evolution, have a strong impact on carrying out smoothly of red birch afforested project.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to make up above-mentioned deficiency, the red birch seed seedling-raising method that a kind of emergence rate is high, seedling raise period is short, root system quality is good, survival rate is high is provided.In order to realize object of the present invention, intend adopting following technical scheme:
The present invention relates to a kind of red birch seed seedling-raising method, comprising: gather seed, select nursery, process seed, sowing, transplant, go out the steps such as garden, it is characterized in that described nursery is 1000 meters of following low altitude areas of height above sea level; Seed is prior to seeding through the two gill GGR6 seed soakings of 10～30mg/L; In the time transplanting, cut main root 1/3～1/4.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, seed, through sowing front 7～10_d, with potassium permanganate or copper sulphate sterilization, is pulled sealing 20 out
~after 40_min, and after rinse through clear water, then soak after 12～24_h with clear water, stack vernalization indoor, when vernalization seed breach rate reaches 1/3 when above, with the two gill GGR6 seed soaking of 10～30mg/L (being preferably 20～25mg/L) 2～6_h, can sow; After nursery stock is all unearthed, then use respectively the medicine liquid spray corresponding with seed treatment, in sowing
3～4after month, the nursery stock fast-growing phase is sprayed medicine 1 time again; Select the porose plastic sack in bottom for transplanting nutritious bag, drench behind seedbed, take red birch nursery stock, cut main root 1/3～1/4, be transplanted in nutritious bag.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described seedling raise period is no more than
18 months, be preferably no more than
12individual month.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, bed seedling when sowing is managed as sprinkling water 2 every day
~3 times, adopt plant growth regulator GGR6 or potassium dihydrogen phosphate to coordinate urea foliage-spray.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, transplant and monthly impose 0.3～1% urea solution after nutritious bag 1-2 time.
Adopt seed seedling-raising method of the present invention, one or more at least having the following advantages or whole:
Shorten seedling raise period: shortened 1 year seedling raise period, the 2nd year afforestation of can going up a hill.
Improve seedling quality: cut the processing of root replanting and culturing by two gill GGR6 seed soaking and two stages, promoted seedling growth, improve seedling growth characteristic, improved seedling quality.
Improve survival rate: by two gill GGR6 seed soaking with cut root and transplant a nutritious bag processing and improved seedling quality, protected seedling root, when afforestation, root system and growth conditions are not destroyed, the more current bareroot seedling survival rate of going up a hill is high.
The break the normal procedure restriction in planting season: conventional afforestation is generally the Spring Festival, and the nursery stock of cultivating by nutritious bag, as long as planting site soil all can be afforested after thawing any time.
Embodiment
Inventor has carried out red birch seed seedling-raising engineering test research in 2009-2010 in teaching forest farm, the boss of Sichuan Agricultural University mountain, Ya'an, Sichuan Province (height above sea level 750_m) and forest farm, Erlongshan Mountains, Ganzi Luding County, Sichuan Province (height above sea level 2680_m), within 2011, has carried out red birch Comparative Experiment on Afforestation in forest farm, Erlongshan Mountains.
The program of growing seedlings mainly comprises: seed collection, nursery selection, seed treatment, sowing, transplanting, manage, go out the steps such as garden.
(1) seed collection
October
the endat the beginning of 11 months after seed maturity, select to collect seed on the perfectly straight elite stand of 30～60 years left and right robust growth, trunk, after fruit ear is gathered, spread at shady and cool ventilation place air-dry, thick approximately 3～4_cm, and often stir, within 2～3 days, can rub fringe with the hands and obtain seed, after clean kind, dry in the shade 1～2 day, pack is placed in low temperature storage.
(2) selection of nursery
Nursery should select physical features more smooth, and draining is good, and it is convenient to irrigate, and the soil is porous, fertile sandy loam or light loam and loam are advisable.Before ploughing, reach herbicide treatment with agriculture, after weeding a garden, plough.Tilling depth 20～25cm, the thin leveling of rake immediately after ploughing, requires soil in small, broken bits, loose, applies superphosphate 30～50_kg in conjunction with whole every mu.Adopt high bed to grow seedlings, seedbed is wide by 1～1
.2_m, the high 10～15_cm in seedbed, bed surface is smooth, careful.
Sow front 5
~7 days, with powder of carbendazim to bed soil disinfection.
(3) seed treatment
Sow front 7～10_d, with 0.1%～0.5% potassium permanganate sterilization 0.5～2h or 0.3%～1% copper sulphate sterilization, 4～6_h, pull out after sealing 30_min, repeatedly rinse with clear water, then soak after 12～24_h with clear water, stack vernalization indoor, keep the suitable temperature (20～25 DEG C) of seed and humidity (surperficial moist, lower floor is ponding not), often stir.When vernalization seed breach rate reaches 1/3 when above, use
10～30the two gill GGR6 seed soaking of mg/L 2～6h, can sow.After nursery stock is all unearthed, then use respectively the medicine liquid spray corresponding with seed treatment, the 6-7 month nursery stock fast-growing phase is sprayed medicine 1 time again.
(4) sowing
Early or mid March sowing, red birch percentage of seedgermination 40% left and right, according to percentage of seedgermination and land utilization rate per hectare seeding quantity 22.5～30_kg.Bed surface is hugged into pitted skin, carry out drilling after mixed husky 5～10 times, the wide 20～30_cm of sown scope, broadcasts apart from 10～15_cm.After broadcasting, cover the thick Nutrition Soil of 1～2_cm, gently suppression.After broadcasting, with thin eye watering can watering several, should keep ground Nutrition Soil moistening every day, while preventing from sprinkling water again, exposes seed compared with large water drop punching, reduces emergence rate.
(5) transplant
Selecting the porose plastic sack in bottom of 10_cm × 16_cm according to nursery stock specification is nutritious bag, nutritive soil preparation, general every 100
kgsoil adds superphosphate 1～3
kgor the appropriate dung polluted water of macerating ripe.Transplant previous week and carry out nutritious bag soil disinfection with 1% potassium permanganate.Cut between the lights root and move bag.Drench behind seedbed, take red birch nursery stock, cut main root 1/3～1/4, be transplanted in ready nutritious bag, arranged the seedbed wide into about 1m.After transplanting, water immediately sufficient normal root water, shade with 75% shading screen, after 20 days, remove gradually.
(6) management
The management of former bed seedling: ensure that ground moistening is unlikely again watering too much, measure less time many, general every day 2-3 time.
For promoting seedling growth, improve seedling quality, to impose chemical fertilizer according to growth needs in the nursery stock fast-growing phase in good time, adopt plant growth regulator GGR6 or potassium dihydrogen phosphate to coordinate urea foliage-spray.
Transplant management: it is consistent with ground, garden conventional seedbed system that section root moves bag daily management of growing seedlings, and monthly can impose 0.3～1% urea solution 1
~2 times.
Comparative example 1: the Different Altitude contrast experiment that grows seedlings
Carry out garden ground conventional seedbed system in the teaching forest farm, boss mountain of height above sea level 750m and the forest farm, Erlongshan Mountains of height above sea level 2680m.In 10 months, randomly draw nursery stock and carry out the investigation of height of seedling, leading thread the last ten-days period.
That grows seedlings at height above sea level 750m (teaching forest farm, boss mountain) and height above sea level 2680m (forest farm, Erlongshan Mountains) the results are shown in following table 1.
The growth indexes comparison of growing seedlings of the red birch of table 1 Different Altitude
Note: height above sea level 750m seedling cultivation and one-year can reach garden specification, thus Second Year data without.
As known from Table 1, the growth of Different Altitude red birch seed seedling-raising height of seedling and leading thread has very large difference.Low height above sea level is grown seedlings and can be reached garden specification in 1 year, and grows seedlings and need within 2 years, just to reach garden specification in high altitude localities.Grow seedlings in low altitude area and can effectively shorten the time of half in seedling stage, main cause is that low altitude area temperature gos up early, and the seedling growth phase is long, and accumulated temperature is high, and seedling growth amount is large.
Comparative example 2: water logging vernalization, water logging+bis-gill GGR6 Pregermination and seedling breeding contrast experiments
When the front seed treatment of sowing, adopt water logging vernalization, two kinds of modes of water logging+bis-gill GGR6 vernalization.500 of each communities seed, repeats for 3 times.
On the basis of conventional water logging vernalization, vernalization seed breach rate reaches 1/3 when above, two gill GGR6 of design 20_mg/L and 40mg/L 2_h that soak seed.
Different vernalization is processed result of study and is seen following table 2.
The different vernalization mode emergence rates of the red birch seed of table 2 and growth indexes comparison
| Vernalization mode | Emergence rate (%) | Height of seedling (cm) | Leading thread (cm) |
| Water logging | 22.5 | 53.8 | 0.51 |
| Water logging+20mg/L GGR6 | 38.0 | 56.1 | 0.73 |
| Water logging+40mg/L GGR6 | 19.7 | 48.6 | 0.54 |
As known from Table 2, the seed of processing with 20_mg/L GGR6 again after water logging vernalization, emergence rate is 1.7 times of conventional water logging germination accelerating method, the GGR6 of high concentration is on the contrary to the inhibitory action of having emerged, result shows, the GGR6 that is applicable to concentration has stronger facilitation to red birch seed vitality, can make low vitality seed germinate and to break ground.
With 20
mg/L GGR6 processes after seed and nursery stock, and the height of seedling of red birch seedling and leading thread all reach maximum, and 40
mthe height of seedling that g/L GGR6 processes is lower than conventional water soaking method, but leading thread is higher than water soaking method.All in all, 20
mg/L GGR6 is obvious to the growth of leading thread, and leading thread is 1.4 times of water logging vernalization, effectively reduces nursery stock ratio of height to diameter, has promoted the harmonic growth of height of seedling and leading thread, significantly improves the quality of nursery stock.
Comparative example 3: cut the root contrast experiment that grows seedlings
Designing former bed seedling cuts root and transplants nutritional bag and former bed seedling and do not cut root and transplant nutritional bag comparative study.200 bags of each communities, repeat 3 times.
Cut root and whether the result of study of red birch seedling growth Index Influence is shown in to following table 3.
The red birch of table 3 cuts root and does not cut the root growth indexes comparison of growing seedlings
| Project | Height of seedling (cm) | Leading thread (cm) | Main root long (cm) | I level lateral root number (bar) |
| Cut root | 48.2 | 0.84 | 14.0 | 23 |
| Do not cut root | 53.5 | 0.62 | 18.7 | 16 |
Note: the selected standard of I level lateral root is its length >=5cm.
As known from Table 3, cut after root, height of seedling is a little less than not cutting root processing, but leading thread and root quantity enlarge markedly, and leading thread has increased by 1.3 times, and I level lateral root number has increased by 1.4 times, and main root length only has and do not cut 75% of root.Result shows, cuts after root, has suppressed nursery stock aerial growth, and main root length shortens, and lateral root number increases, and ratio of height to diameter reduces, and it is reasonable that seedling quality indices is more tending towards.Do not cut root nutritious bag seedling main root longer, exceeded nutritious bag length, cause root system nest root even root system penetrate nutritious bag and directly bury.
Comparative example 4: the different modes nursery stock afforestation effect contrast experiment that grows seedlings
Carry out the grow seedlings nursery stock afforestation experiment research of red birch different modes in forest farm, Erlongshan Mountains, 50 strains of each community, repeat for 3 times.Nursery stock type is that 2 years raw bareroot seedlings, life in 1 year cut root nutritious bag seedling, life in 1 year does not cut root nutritious bag seedling.
The dissimilar nursery stock survival rate of red birch result of study is shown in following table 4.
The comparison of the dissimilar nursery stock survival rate of the red birch of table 4
| Afforestation seedling | Afforestation Time | Control time (month. day) | Survival rate (%) |
| 2 years raw bareroot seedlings | The first tenday period of a month in May | 11.17 | 67.3 |
| Cut root nutritious bag seedling | The first tenday period of a month in May | 11.17 | 93.3 |
| Do not cut root nutritious bag seedling | The first tenday period of a month in May | 11.17 | 86.7 |
Cut root transplanting nutritious bag seedling survival rate best, be 1.4 times of traditional exposed root and shoot forestation survival rate, do not cut root and transplant the afforestation effect of nutritious bag seedling and be also better than exposed root and shoot forestation, when main cause is nutritious bag seedling fortune seedling and plants, shoot root can not sustain damage, and root system dehydration is less.And cut root transplant reason that nutritious bag seedling afforestation effect is better than not cutting root nutritious bag seedling be to cut root after fibrous root quantity many, ratio of height to diameter is low, real sturdy, well-balanced, the well developed root system of nursery stock crouching forming, water suction, water storage capacity is strong, and the better interior Nutrition Soil of the tight bag of cage of more lateral root, when transport afforestation, loose native rate is low, can better protect root system; Do not cut root nutritious bag seedling main root longer, because of nutrition cup finite capacity, through occurring comparatively serious curved and twine root phenomenon after a period of time, and root system skewness in soil, when afforestation, will be lowered into motility rate.
Should be understood that; the specific embodiment of the present invention is only the object for exemplary illustration; it limits protection scope of the present invention never in any form; those skilled in the art can be improved according to the above description or be converted, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a red birch seed seedling-raising method, comprising: gather seed, select nursery, process seed, sowing, transplant, go out garden step, it is characterized in that described nursery is the low altitude area below height above sea level 1000m; Seed is prior to seeding through the two gill GGR6 seed soakings of 10～30mg/L; In the time transplanting, cut main root 1/3～1/4, described seedling raise period is no more than 18 months; Seed is through sowing front 7～10d, with potassium permanganate or copper sulphate sterilization, pull out after sealing 20～40min, and after rinse through clear water, then soak after 12～24h with clear water, stack vernalization indoor, when vernalization seed breach rate reaches 1/3 when above, with the two gill GGR6 seed soaking of 10-30mg/L 2～6h, can sow; After nursery stock is all unearthed, then use respectively the medicine liquid spray corresponding with seed treatment, after the after planting 3-4 month, the nursery stock fast-growing phase is sprayed medicine 1 time again; Select the porose plastic sack in bottom for transplanting nutritious bag, drench behind seedbed, take red birch nursery stock, cut main root 1/3～1/4, be transplanted in nutritious bag.
2. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, described seedling raise period is no more than 12 months.
3. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, bed seedling when sowing is managed as sprinkling water every day 2～3 times, adopts plant growth regulator GGR6 or potassium dihydrogen phosphate to coordinate urea foliage-spray.
4. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, transplants and monthly imposes 0.3～1% urea solution after nutritious bag 1～2 time.
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| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: 611130 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Sichuan, China, No. 211, No. Applicant after: Sichuan Agricultural University Address before: Ya'an City, Sichuan Province, 625014 new Yucheng Kang Road No. 46 Applicant before: Sichuan Agricultural University |
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Correction item: Denomination of Invention Correct: A red birch seed low altitude mulch cultivation method False: A red birch seedling breeding method of seed mulch in low altitude Number: 30 Volume: 30 |
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| CI02 | Correction of invention patent application |
Correction item: Denomination of Invention|Abstract of the description|Claims|Description Correct: A red birch seed low altitude mulch cultivation method False: A red birch seedling breeding method of seed mulch in low altitude Number: 30 Page: Description Volume: 30 |
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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTION NAME; FROM: A LOW-ALTITUDE ROOT AND SEEDLING CULTIVATING AND PROTECTING METHOD FOR SEEDS OF BETULA ALBO-SINENSIS BURK TO: A LOW-ALTITUDE ROOT PROTECTING AND SEEDLING CULTIVATING METHOD FOR SEEDS OF BETULA ALBO-SINENSIS BURK |
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