CN105165512A - Crown inclination controlling four-season cutting rapid propagation method for alnus formosana - Google Patents
Crown inclination controlling four-season cutting rapid propagation method for alnus formosana Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crown inclination controlling four-season cutting rapid propagation method for alnus formosana. The method comprises excellent single plant selection, seed collecting, seeding and seedling raising, stock plant cultivation, cutting slip collection, cutting slip cutting and post-cutting management. The method is characterized by comprising: selecting excellent single plants in a forest stand with an age of over 10 years, collecting seeds, sowing the seeds and raising seedlings; selecting excellent and robust super seedlings and transplanting the super seedlings in a container bag for stock plant cultivation according to density of 80-100 seedlings/m2; cutting trunks at the altitude of 10-15 cm from the ground to promote germination; cultivating high quality coppice shoots as cutting slips; after treating the cutting slips, planting the cutting slips in a container cup filled with a substrate to be cultivated; covering the container cup with a fully-closed agricultural film, and directly covering the film with a sunshade net or erecting an overhead sunshade net above the film for moisturizing and shading management. According to the invention, the method adopts four-season cutting, the rooting time is shortened to 7-22 days, the alnus formosana can be discharged out of a garden for forestation in 55 days in summer at the soonest, the propagation coefficient of the stock plants is 20-40 times, the cutting survival rate in autumn and winter is 100%, the cutting survival rate all over the year reaches up to 95%, and the positive crown rate reaches no less than 98%, so that excellent and robust alnus formosana cutting seedlings are obtained in quantity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate to a kind of Alnus formosana Plantation control and be partially preced with four seasons cuttage and quick-propagation method.
Background technology
Alnus formosana Plantation is Betulaceae Alder seeds, originates in TaiWan, China, and in original producton location up to more than 20m, diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 30cm is the important pioneer's reproducting tree species in Taiwan.Its wide accommodation, all there is natural distribution in original producton location from low altitude area to height above sea level 3000m, happiness light, and happiness is wet and moisture-proof, barren-resistant, and the Drought resistance that tool is certain.Its form is logical directly, tree height is large, and timber is easy to machine-shaping, is the high-quality timber of production timber floor, furniture etc., also can makes particle board, paper making raw material.Alnus formosana Plantation is non-leguminous root nodule nitrogen-fixing plants, significantly can improve soil fertility, is again excellent water and soil conservation and water conservation seeds, and its growth is fast, and 4a is raw, and the height of tree reaches 11m, and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground reaches 12cm.This tree kind in South Africa, China Fujian, Sichuan, the ground successful introduction in succession such as Hunan, nowadays applied as fast-growing commerical tree species.Guangxi started to introduce a fine variety in 2012, observed through the growths of 3 years, and Alnus formosana Plantation adapts to the weather in Guangxi.During the nearly last ten years, for satisfied its people are to the wilderness demand of timber, south China each province, the particularly large-area development in Guangxi province eucalyptus, soil fertility exhaustion and severe water and soil erosion, forest structure is single, Ecological Function is weak, with eucalyptus crop rotation or mixed can to hand in the urgent need to finding, the seeds that ecological functions are good again, Alnus formosana Plantation can become the excellent fast-growing deciduous species that south China improves forest tree species structure, construction ecological forestry.
Alnus formosana Plantation breeding is mainly sexual and vegetative propagation.Sexual propagation is common, and to there is seed very different, and genetic variation and genetic differentiation is large, cultivates the uneven phenomenon of nursery stock.Vegetative propagation mainly contains propagation by grafiting, cottage propagation and tissue culture propagating.Alnus formosana Plantation propagation by grafiting easily survives, but should adopt as breeding work, and adopt as production nursery, reproductive number is restricted, and cost is too high.Tissue culture propagating growth coefficient is high, nursery is fast, and be the numerous soon best approach of Modern Forestry breeding, but its technical requirement is high, at present, Alnus formosana Plantation tissue cultivating technology also rests on conceptual phase, and industrial breeding technique there is not yet report.About the cuttage and seedling culture of Alnus formosana Plantation, Hunan, Sichuan scholar have carried out certain research.He Xiuwei etc. (2005), Cheng Yong etc. (2005) research draws, different clones cuttings cutting plantation significant difference, and the root-growing agent of debita spissitudo can significantly improve the rooting rate of Alnus formosana Plantation; Beam quite waits (2009), Liao Dezhi etc. (2010) to draw with the research of Chen Minggao (2012), and the rooting types of Alnus formosana Plantation is divided into skin zone and callus mixing rooting types, and wherein great majority are skin zone's rooting types, and minority is mixing rooting types; The beam research such as quite also draws, adopts the long cuttings of 15 ~ 20cm, cutting survival best June, September, and most high-servival rate can reach 97.35%.But above-mentioned research is for Alnus formosana Plantation cuttage, and the cuttage root-taking time is oversize (the fastest 15 ~ 28 days) still, and can not four seasons cuttage, hat rate is high partially for nursery stock.The present inventor started Alnus formosana Plantation correlative study from 2012, on the basis of above-mentioned research, nutritious bag is adopted to cultivate cuttage maternal plant, carry out different cutting length, the test of different root-growing agent throughout the year, obtain autumn and winter season survival rate 100%, 7 ~ 22 days annual seedling cultivation and rooting time, cuttage seeding just hat rate 98.23%, the efficient cuttage raise seedling technique in garden within 55 days, can be gone out summer.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of existing propagation technique, aim to provide a kind of control of accelerating to breed Alnus formosana Plantation nursery stock and be partially preced with four seasons cuttage and quick-propagation method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Four seasons cuttage and quick-propagation method is preced with in a kind of Alnus formosana Plantation control partially, comprise fine individual plant to select, seed collecting seeding and seedling raising, maternal plant is cultivated, cuttings gathers, operation is managed after cuttings cuttage and cuttage, it is characterized in that: by selecting the fine individual plant of 10 years above standing forests of life, gather planting seed nursery, therefrom select the super nursery stock transplanting of excellent stalwartness to do maternal plant in container bag to cultivate, sprouting apart from ground 10 ~ 15cm eminence maternal plant cutting strunk is short, cultivate high-quality coppice shoot and make cuttings, cuttings cuttage is after treatment cultivated in the container cup installing matrix, thus obtain the Alnus formosana Plantation cuttage seeding of excellent stalwartness in enormous quantities, concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) fine individual plant is selected: select the fine individual plant Alnus formosana Plantation in 10 years above standing forests of life to collect seed;
(2) seed collecting seeding and seedling raising: 11 ~ December in the Alnus formosana Plantation fructescence, gather the fruit of fine individual plant Alnus formosana Plantation, airing is in ventilation frescade, after seed sheds, dry in the air 1 ~ 3 depending on dry weather situation, collect seed cloth bag to install, preserve 1 ~ 10 month under the cryogenic conditions of 4 ~ 6 DEG C.Take out Alnus Formosana Seed clear water edulcoration during sowing, swelling, is mixing the sowing furrow of sowing media the planting seed of swelling subsequently; Until seedling is high have 2 ~ 3cm time, Alnus formosana Plantation sprigging in container, cultivate seedling;
(3) cuttage maternal plant is cultivated: select the healthy and strong Alnus formosana Plantation super seedling of semi-annual high-quality as maternal plant, transplant in the nutritious bag that the 14 ~ 18cm × 14 ~ 18cm preparing maternal plant culture medium is housed, neatly put in furrow face, planting density reaches 80 ~ 100 strains/m
2, drench normal root water after plantation, and keep ground moistening; Plant to drench for 15 days and execute the Russian import composite fertilizer that mass concentration is 0.6%, in plantation after 20 ~ 30 days, urge to sprout in 10 ~ 15cm place, maternal plant spacing ground cutting strunk; Separately need strictly to control liquid manure according to maternal plant sprout growth; Depending on weather condition, yellow sodium wetting powder 800 ~ 1000 times of aqueous solution of enemy or 85% zineb pulvis, 800 ~ 1000 times of aqueous solution or 85% thiophanate methyl pulvis, 800 ~ 1000 times of aqueous solution of 80% are sprayed according to a conventional method every 7 ~ 10 days, cross-reference diseases prevention wanted by several medicament, adopts broad spectrum disinfestation medicine desinsection during damaged by vermin;
(4) cuttings collection: Various Seasonal, clip makes cuttings from the female viviparous different length high-quality coppice shoot of Alnus formosana Plantation, the basin that the cuttings of clip is placed with dark 1.8 ~ 2.2cm clear water carries out moisturizing, divest long for cuttings base portion 1 ~ 1.5cm with intra vane in the shade, rest blade retains, then erects the basin being placed with dark 1.8 ~ 2.2cm clear water and carry out moisturizing;
(5) cuttage: the nutritious bag of the cutting medium 8 ~ 12cm × 12 ~ 14cm prepared is filled before cuttage, then the nutritious bag filling cutting medium is put in cutting bed, cuttage the previous day is with 0.5% potassium permanganate disinfection; Be leaching 1 ~ 3 second in the taking root liquid of 200 ~ 300 times or 200 ~ 300ppm in concentration by Alnus formosana Plantation cuttings base portion 1 ~ 1.5cm long portion position during cuttage, again cuttings is inserted in cutting medium, the cuttage degree of depth is 1 ~ 1.5cm, to drench after cuttage normal root water, and with 80% carbendazol wettable powder 1000 times of aqueous solution spraying blade faces;
(6) manage after cuttage: after the cuttings cuttage of Alnus formosana Plantation, cutting bed covered rearing with plastic film moisturizing, according to Various Seasonal Temperature Features, different modes is taked to hide sunshade net, air humidity in cutting bed is kept to be 85 ~ 95%, open film ventilation, trickle every 7 days, keep cutting medium moistening; And with 1000 times enemy yellow sodium bactericide or 80% carbendazol wettable powder 1000 times of aqueous solution+0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.05% urea mixed solution spray, reseal plastic film, upper cover sunshade net after 0.5h; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film and shading screen are raised, then by nursery normal management, until grow up to complete Alnus formosana Plantation seedling.
Below the further explanation for above-mentioned steps:
Fine individual plant Alnus formosana Plantation in above step (1) refers to that form leads to directly, the height of tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground exceed standing forest mean stand height, the fine individual plant of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground more than 10%.
The sowing media of above step (2) mixes formulated by the raw material of following mass ratio, wherein: yellow soil 80%+ fine sand 20%, or the mountain soil 80%+ fine sand 20% of removing 20cm topsoil, or yellow soil 50%+ coconut palm chaff 50%.
The healthy and strong Alnus formosana Plantation super seedling of semi-annual high-quality in above step (3) refers to: height of seedling > average height of seedling+1 standard deviation, the average leading thread of seedling leading thread > seedling+1 standard deviation, nursery stock is upright, terminal bud is obvious, without the healthy and strong nursery stock of damage by disease and insect.
Maternal plant culture medium described in above step (3) mixes formulated by following mass ratio, wherein: yellow soil or removing 20cm show mountain soil 85%, pond sludge 10%, chicken manure stack retting material 3%, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 2% after soil.
The strict control liquid manure of above step (3) refers to: before coppice shoot grows into 2cm length, ensure ground moistening after maternal plant cutting strunk, strictly control water afterwards, promote coppice shoot semi-lignified; Every 2 ~ 4 days trickles once, move nutritious bag in spring, rainy season in summer and cut off maternal plant root system and control moisture, nutritious bag soil is half-dried, drenches water once for autumn and winter dry weather; Clip 4 ~ 6 batches of cuttings backsight maternal plant fertilizer deficiency situations pouring execute the Russian import composite fertilizer liquid manure of mass concentration 0.5 ~ 0.8% once.
Different length high-quality coppice shoot described in above step (4) refers to healthy and strong anosis worm, autumn and winter long 5 ~ 8cm, spring and summer long 10 ~ 12cm, base portion semi-lignified, band terminal bud, the one-level coppice shoot sprouted from maternal plant trunk.
Cottage breeding matrix described in above step (5) mixes formulated by following mass ratio: true yellow cubsoil or coconut palm chaff 85%+ peat soil 15% or coconut palm chaff 50%+ yellow soil 50%.
In above step (6) according to Various Seasonal different modes hide sunshade net refer to spring, autumn, winter on the plastic film directly cover shading rate be 80% sunshade net shading, then adopt summer shading rate be 90% sunshade net, if overhead height is the cool canopy shading of 1.5 ~ 2m.
Relative to prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) four seasons cuttage and quick-propagation method is preced with in Alnus formosana Plantation control of the present invention partially, selects the fine individual plant of 10 years above Alnus formosana Plantation standing forests of life to collect seed, and after planting select super seedling as mother plant for cutting, the nursery stock cultivated is excellent strain offspring.
(2) four seasons cuttage and quick-propagation method is preced with in Alnus formosana Plantation control of the present invention partially, each cuttings is taken from short maternal plant trunk and is sprouted the one-level coppice shoot, and all has terminal bud and fringe bar is straight, does not bend, it is few that the nursery stock cultivated is preced with phenomenon partially, solves Alnus formosana Plantation cuttage seeding and be easily partially preced with problem.
(3) four seasons cuttage and quick-propagation method is preced with in Alnus formosana Plantation control of the present invention partially, provides Alnus formosana Plantation cuttage raise seedling technique, and maternal plant adopts nutritious bag plantation, liquid manure easy to control, and prevent the fringe bar excessive growth of sprouting, the cuttings internode of output is short, quality good; Various Seasonal is cut and is carried out cuttage by different length cuttings, from spring to winter, rootage duration only 7 ~ 22 days, a strain maternal plant 1 year can produce effective cuttings 20 ~ 40, have that reproduction speed is fast, method be simple, processing ease, land for growing field crops cuttage survival rate up to 95% with first-class feature.The method filled up very different, the tissue culture technique of Alnus Formosana Seed breeding nursery stock not yet can production application, the high deficiency of propagation by grafiting seedling cost, what can be Alnus formosana Plantation greatly develops the propagation technique providing good seed, for south China adjustment forest constitution and improvement of the ecological environment provide Alnus formosana Plantation good seed energetically, promote the development of ecological forestry.
Embodiment
By specific embodiment given below, the present invention can be well understood to further, but they not limitation of the invention.
embodiment 1
Select that in raw standing forest, form led to directly, the height of tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground exceed standing forest mean stand height in 10 years, the fine individual plant Alnus formosana Plantation of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground more than 10% collects seed; November 15 ~ 17, gather the fruit of fine individual plant Alnus formosana Plantation, airing, in ventilation frescade, after seed sheds, was dried in the air 1 ~ 3 depending on dry weather situation, collected seed cloth bag and installed, preserve 1 month under the cryogenic conditions of 4 DEG C.Take out Alnus Formosana Seed clear water edulcoration when December is sowed, swelling, subsequently the planting seed of swelling with quality than raw material: yellow soil 80%, coconut palm chaff 20% have mixed the sowing furrow of sowing media; Until seedling is high have 2 ~ 3cm time, Alnus formosana Plantation sprigging in container, cultivate seedling; Select semi-annual height of seedling > average height of seedling+1 standard deviation, the average leading thread of seedling leading thread > seedling+1 standard deviation, nursery stock is upright, terminal bud is obvious, the healthy and strong Alnus formosana Plantation super seedling of high-quality without damage by disease and insect is as maternal plant, transplant in being equipped with quality than raw material: true yellow cubsoil 85%, pond sludge 10%, chicken manure stack retting material 3%, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 2% prepare in the nutritious bag of the 14cm × 14cm of maternal plant culture medium, closely put in furrow face, planting density reaches 100 strains/m
2, drench normal root water after plantation, and keep ground moistening; Plant to drench for 15 days and execute the Russian import composite fertilizer that mass concentration is 0.6%, in plantation after 20 days, urge to sprout in 10cm place, maternal plant spacing ground cutting strunk; Another according to maternal plant sprout growth needs, before cutting strunk to coppice shoot grows into 2cm length, ensure ground moistening, strictly control water afterwards, promote coppice shoot semi-lignified; Autumn, winter dry weather every 2 ~ 4 days trickles once, move nutritious bag in spring, rainy season in summer and cut off maternal plant root system and control moisture, nutritious bag soil is half-dried, drenches water once; Clip 4 ~ 6 batches of cuttings backsight maternal plant fertilizer deficiency situations pouring execute the Russian import composite fertilizer liquid manure of mass concentration 0.5 ~ 0.8% once; Depending on weather condition, yellow sodium wetting powder 800 ~ 900 times of aqueous solution of enemy or 85% zineb pulvis, 800 ~ 900 times of aqueous solution or 800 ~ 900 times of aqueous solution sprayings of 85% thiophanate methyl pulvis of 80% are sprayed according to a conventional method every 7 ~ 10 days, cross-reference diseases prevention wanted by several medicament, adopts broad spectrum disinfestation medicine desinsection during damaged by vermin;
Autumn and winter season, clip is from the healthy and strong anosis worm of the female viviparous different length of Alnus formosana Plantation, long 5 ~ 8cm, base portion semi-lignified, band terminal bud, from maternal plant trunk sprout one-level coppice shoot make cuttings, the basin cuttings of clip being placed with dark about 2cm clear water carries out moisturizing, divest long for cuttings base portion 1 ~ 1.5cm with intra vane in the shade, rest blade retains, then erects the basin being placed with dark about 2cm clear water and carry out moisturizing; By with the raw material of mass ratio before cuttage: the nutritious bag of cutting medium 12cm × 14cm that 85% coconut palm chaff, 15% peat soil prepare fills, then put in cutting bed by the nutritious bag filling cutting medium, cuttage the previous day is with 0.5% potassium permanganate disinfection; Be soak 1 ~ 3 second in the CPD taking root liquid of 300ppm in concentration by Alnus formosana Plantation cuttings base portion 1 ~ 1.5cm long portion position during cuttage, again cuttings is inserted in cutting medium, the cuttage degree of depth is 1 ~ 1.5cm, to drench after cuttage normal root water, and with 80% carbendazol wettable powder 1000 times of aqueous solution spraying blade faces; After the cuttings cuttage of Alnus formosana Plantation, cutting bed covered rearing with plastic film moisturizing, film is added a cover the sunshade net that shading rate is 80%, keeps air humidity in cutting bed to be 90%, opens film ventilation, trickle every 7 ~ 8 days, keeps cutting medium moistening; And with 1000 times enemy yellow sodium bactericide or 80% carbendazol wettable powder 1000 times of aqueous solution+0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.05% urea mixed solution spray, reseal plastic film, upper cover shade net after 0.5h; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film and shading screen are raised, then by nursery normal management, until grow up to complete Alnus formosana Plantation seedling.
This example autumn, 11 ~ 22 days cuttage root-taking time in winter, survival rate 100%, just hat rate 98.5%.
embodiment 2
Select that in raw standing forest, form led to directly, the height of tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground exceed standing forest mean stand height in 12 years, the fine individual plant Alnus formosana Plantation of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground more than 10% collects seed; December 1 ~ 3, gather the fruit of fine individual plant Alnus formosana Plantation, airing, in ventilation frescade, after seed sheds, was dried in the air 1 ~ 3 depending on dry weather situation, collected seed cloth bag and installed, preserve 2 months under the cryogenic conditions of 5 DEG C.Take out Alnus Formosana Seed clear water edulcoration when Second Year is sowed February, swelling, subsequently the planting seed of swelling with quality than raw material: removing 20cm topsoil mountain soil 80%, fine sand 20% have mixed the sowing furrow of sowing media; Until seedling is high have 2 ~ 3cm time, Alnus formosana Plantation sprigging in container, cultivate seedling; Select semi-annual height of seedling > average height of seedling+1 standard deviation, the average leading thread of seedling leading thread > seedling+1 standard deviation, nursery stock is upright, terminal bud is obvious, the healthy and strong Alnus formosana Plantation super seedling of high-quality without damage by disease and insect is as maternal plant, transplant in the raw material with mass ratio is housed: the mountain soil 85% after removing 20cm shows soil, pond sludge 10%, chicken manure stack retting material 3%, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 2% prepare in the nutritious bag of the 16cm × 16cm of maternal plant culture medium, closely put in furrow face, planting density reaches 90 strains/m
2, drench normal root water after plantation, and keep ground moistening; Plant to drench for 15 days and execute the Russian import composite fertilizer that mass concentration is 0.6%, in plantation after 25 days, urge to sprout in 12cm place, maternal plant spacing ground cutting strunk; Another according to maternal plant sprout growth needs, before cutting strunk to coppice shoot grows into 2cm length, ensure ground moistening, strictly control water afterwards, promote coppice shoot semi-lignified; Autumn, winter dry weather every 2 ~ 4 days trickles once, move nutritious bag in spring, rainy season in summer and cut off maternal plant root system and control moisture, nutritious bag soil is half-dried, drenches water once; Clip 4 ~ 6 batches of cuttings backsight maternal plant fertilizer deficiency situations pouring execute the Russian import composite fertilizer liquid manure of mass concentration 0.5 ~ 0.8% once; Depending on weather condition, yellow sodium wetting powder 800 ~ 900 times of aqueous solution of enemy or 85% zineb pulvis, 800 ~ 900 times of aqueous solution or 85% thiophanate methyl pulvis, 800 ~ 900 times of aqueous solution of 80% are sprayed according to a conventional method every 7 ~ 10 days, cross-reference diseases prevention wanted by several medicament, adopts broad spectrum disinfestation medicine desinsection during damaged by vermin;
Summer, clip is from the healthy and strong anosis worm of the female viviparous different length of Alnus formosana Plantation, long 10 ~ 15cm, base portion semi-lignified, band terminal bud, from maternal plant trunk sprout one-level coppice shoot make cuttings, the basin cuttings of clip being placed with dark about 2.2cm clear water carries out moisturizing, divest long for cuttings base portion 1 ~ 1.5cm with intra vane in the shade, rest blade retains, then erects the basin being placed with dark 1.8cm clear water and carry out moisturizing; Before cuttage, the nutritious bag of true yellow cubsoil 8cm × 12cm is filled, then put by the nutritious bag filling cutting medium in having spraying cooling facility and being provided with the cutting bed of high 1.8 ~ 2.0m shading shed (shading rate 90%), cuttage is carried out matrix with 0.5% potassium permanganate and disinfect the previous day; Be soak 1 ~ 3 second in state's light taking root liquid of 250 times in concentration by Alnus formosana Plantation cuttings base portion 1 ~ 1.5cm long portion position during cuttage, again cuttings is inserted in cutting medium, the cuttage degree of depth is 1 ~ 1.5cm, to drench after cuttage normal root water, and with 80% carbendazol wettable powder 1000 times of aqueous solution spraying blade faces; After the cuttings cuttage of Alnus formosana Plantation, cutting bed covered rearing with plastic film moisturizing, before taking root, carried out the spray cooling process of 15 ~ 20 minutes 11 ~ 15 o'clock every days every 1 ~ 1.5 hour, kept air humidity in cutting bed to be 90%; Film ventilation, trickle is opened every 7 ~ 8 days, keep cutting medium moistening, and with 1000 times enemy yellow sodium bactericide or 80% carbendazol wettable powder 1000 times of aqueous solution+0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.05% urea mixed solution spray, reseal plastic film, upper cover shade net after 0.5h; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film and shading screen are raised, then by nursery normal management, until grow up to complete Alnus formosana Plantation seedling.
This 7 ~ 10 days routine cuttage root-taking times in summer, survival rate 98.5%, just hat rate 97.9%.
embodiment 3:
Select that in raw standing forest, form led to directly, the height of tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground exceed standing forest mean stand height in 13 years, the fine individual plant Alnus formosana Plantation of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground more than 10% collects seed; December 15 ~ 17, gather the fruit of fine individual plant Alnus formosana Plantation, airing, in ventilation frescade, after seed sheds, was dried in the air 1 ~ 3 depending on dry weather situation, collected seed cloth bag and installed, preserve 8 months under the cryogenic conditions of 6 DEG C.Take out Alnus Formosana Seed clear water edulcoration when Second Year is sowed August, swelling, subsequently the planting seed of swelling with quality than raw material: yellow soil 50%, coconut palm chaff 50% have mixed the sowing furrow of sowing media; Until seedling is high have 2 ~ 3cm time, Alnus formosana Plantation sprigging in container, cultivate seedling; Select semi-annual height of seedling > average height of seedling+1 standard deviation, the average leading thread of seedling leading thread > seedling+1 standard deviation, nursery stock is upright, terminal bud is obvious, the healthy and strong Alnus formosana Plantation super seedling of high-quality without damage by disease and insect is as maternal plant, transplant in the raw material with mass ratio is housed: true yellow cubsoil 85%, pond sludge 10%, chicken manure stack retting material 3%, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 2% prepare in the nutritious bag of the 18cm × 18cm of maternal plant culture medium, closely put in furrow face, planting density reaches 80 strains/m
2, drench normal root water after plantation, and keep ground moistening; Plant to drench for 15 days and execute the Russian import composite fertilizer that mass concentration is 0.6%, in plantation after 30 days, urge to sprout in 15cm place, maternal plant spacing ground cutting strunk; Another according to maternal plant sprout growth needs, before cutting strunk to coppice shoot grows into 2cm length, ensure ground moistening, strictly control water afterwards, promote coppice shoot semi-lignified; Autumn, winter dry weather every 2 ~ 4 days trickles once, move nutritious bag in spring, rainy season in summer and cut off maternal plant root system and control moisture, nutritious bag soil is half-dried, drenches water once; Clip 4 ~ 6 batches of cuttings backsight maternal plant fertilizer deficiency situations pouring execute the Russian import composite fertilizer liquid manure of mass concentration 0.5 ~ 0.8% once; Depending on weather condition, yellow sodium wetting powder 800 ~ 900 times of aqueous solution of enemy or 85% zineb pulvis, 800 ~ 900 times of aqueous solution or 85% thiophanate methyl pulvis, 800 ~ 900 times of aqueous solution of 80% are sprayed according to a conventional method every 7 ~ 10 days, cross-reference diseases prevention wanted by several medicament, adopts broad spectrum disinfestation medicine desinsection during damaged by vermin;
Spring, clip is from the healthy and strong anosis worm of the female viviparous different length of Alnus formosana Plantation, long 8 ~ 10cm, base portion semi-lignified, band terminal bud, from maternal plant trunk sprout one-level coppice shoot make cuttings, the basin that the cuttings of clip is placed with dark 2cm clear water carries out moisturizing, divest long for cuttings base portion 1 ~ 1.5cm with intra vane in the shade, rest blade retains, then erects the basin being placed with dark about 2cm clear water and carry out moisturizing; By with the raw material of mass ratio before cuttage: the nutritious bag of cutting medium 10cm × 12cm that 50% coconut palm chaff, 50% yellow soil prepare fills, then put in cutting bed by the nutritious bag filling cutting medium, cuttage the previous day is with 0.5% potassium permanganate disinfection; Be soak 1 ~ 3 second in the taking root liquid of No. 300ppmGGR6 in concentration by Alnus formosana Plantation cuttings base portion 1 ~ 1.5cm long portion position during cuttage, again cuttings is inserted in cutting medium, the cuttage degree of depth is 1 ~ 1.5cm, to drench after cuttage normal root water, and with 80% carbendazol wettable powder 1000 times of aqueous solution spraying blade faces; After the cuttings cuttage of Alnus formosana Plantation, cutting bed covered rearing with plastic film moisturizing, film is added a cover the sunshade net that shading rate is 80%, keeps air humidity in cutting bed to be 85%, opens film ventilation, trickle every 7 ~ 8 days, keeps cutting medium moistening; And with 1000 times enemy yellow sodium bactericide or 80% carbendazol wettable powder 1000 times of aqueous solution+0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.05% urea mixed solution spray, reseal plastic film, upper cover shade net after 0.5h; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film and shading screen are raised, then by nursery normal management, until grow up to complete Alnus formosana Plantation seedling.
10 ~ 14 days this example cuttage root-taking in spring time, survival rate 99.2%, nursery stock is hat rate 98.3% just.
Claims (9)
1. four seasons cuttage and quick-propagation method is preced with in an Alnus formosana Plantation control partially, comprise fine individual plant to select, seed collecting seeding and seedling raising, maternal plant is cultivated, cuttings gathers, operation is managed after cuttings cuttage and cuttage, it is characterized in that: by selecting the fine individual plant of 10 years above standing forests of life, gather planting seed nursery, therefrom select the super nursery stock transplanting of excellent stalwartness to do maternal plant in container bag to cultivate, sprouting apart from ground 10 ~ 15cm eminence maternal plant cutting strunk is short, cultivate high-quality coppice shoot and make cuttings, cuttings cuttage is after treatment cultivated in the container cup installing matrix, thus obtain the Alnus formosana Plantation cuttage seeding of excellent stalwartness in enormous quantities, concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) fine individual plant is selected: select the fine individual plant Alnus formosana Plantation in 10 years above standing forests of life to collect seed;
(2) seed collecting seeding and seedling raising: 11 ~ December in the Alnus formosana Plantation fructescence, gather the fruit of fine individual plant Alnus formosana Plantation, airing is in ventilation frescade, after seed sheds, dry in the air 1 ~ 3 depending on dry weather situation, collect seed cloth bag to install, under the cryogenic conditions of 4 ~ 6 DEG C, preserve for 1 ~ October;
Take out Alnus Formosana Seed clear water edulcoration during sowing, swelling, is mixing the sowing furrow of sowing media the planting seed of swelling subsequently; Until seedling is high have 2 ~ 3cm time, Alnus formosana Plantation sprigging in container, cultivate seedling;
(3) cuttage maternal plant is cultivated: select the healthy and strong Alnus formosana Plantation super seedling of semi-annual high-quality as maternal plant, transplant in the nutritious bag that the 14 ~ 18cm × 14 ~ 18cm preparing maternal plant culture medium is housed, closely put in furrow face, planting density reaches 80 ~ 100 strains/m
2, drench normal root water after plantation, and keep ground moistening; Plant to drench for 15 days and execute the Russian import composite fertilizer that mass concentration is 0.6%, in plantation after 20 ~ 30 days, urge to sprout in 10 ~ 15cm place, maternal plant spacing ground cutting strunk; Separately need strictly to control liquid manure according to maternal plant sprout growth; Depending on weather condition, yellow sodium wetting powder 800 ~ 1000 times of aqueous solution of enemy or 85% zineb pulvis, 800 ~ 1000 times of aqueous solution or 85% thiophanate methyl pulvis, 800 ~ 1000 times of aqueous solution of 80% are sprayed according to a conventional method every 7 ~ 10 days, cross-reference diseases prevention wanted by several medicament, adopts broad spectrum disinfestation medicine desinsection during damaged by vermin;
(4) cuttings collection: Various Seasonal, clip makes cuttings from the female viviparous different length high-quality coppice shoot of Alnus formosana Plantation, the basin that the cuttings of clip is placed with dark 1.8 ~ 2.2cm clear water carries out moisturizing, divest long for cuttings base portion 1 ~ 1.5cm with intra vane in the shade, rest blade retains, then erects the basin being placed with dark 1.8 ~ 2.2cm clear water and carry out moisturizing;
(5) cuttage: the nutritious bag of the cutting medium 8 ~ 12cm × 12 ~ 14cm prepared is filled before cuttage, then the nutritious bag filling cutting medium is put in cutting bed, cuttage the previous day is with 0.5% potassium permanganate disinfection; Be leaching 1 ~ 3 second in the taking root liquid of 200 ~ 300 times or 200 ~ 300ppm in concentration by Alnus formosana Plantation cuttings base portion 1 ~ 1.5cm long portion position during cuttage, again cuttings is inserted in cutting medium, the cuttage degree of depth is 1 ~ 1.5cm, to drench after cuttage normal root water, and with 80% carbendazol wettable powder 1000 times of aqueous solution spraying blade faces;
(6) manage after cuttage: after the cuttings cuttage of Alnus formosana Plantation, cutting bed covered rearing with plastic film moisturizing, according to Various Seasonal Temperature Features, different modes is taked to hide sunshade net, air humidity in cutting bed is kept to be 85 ~ 95%, open film ventilation, trickle every 7 days, keep cutting medium moistening; And with 1000 times enemy yellow sodium bactericide or 80% carbendazol wettable powder 1000 times of aqueous solution+0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.05% urea mixed solution spray, reseal plastic film, upper cover shade net after 0.5h; After cuttage rooting is stable, plastic film and shading screen are raised, then by nursery normal management, until grow up to complete Alnus formosana Plantation seedling.
2. the method for four seasons cuttage and quick-propagation is preced with in a kind of Alnus formosana Plantation control according to claim 1 partially, it is characterized in that: the fine individual plant Alnus formosana Plantation described in step (1) refers to that form leads to directly, the height of tree, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground exceed standing forest mean stand height, the fine individual plant of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground more than 10%.
3. the method for four seasons cuttage and quick-propagation is preced with in a kind of Alnus formosana Plantation control according to claim 1 partially, it is characterized in that: the sowing media described in step (2) mixes formulated by the raw material of following mass ratio, wherein: yellow soil 80%+ fine sand 20%, or the mountain soil 80%+ fine sand 20% of removing 20cm topsoil, or yellow soil 50%+ coconut palm chaff 50%.
4. the method for four seasons cuttage and quick-propagation is preced with in a kind of Alnus formosana Plantation control according to claim 1 partially, it is characterized in that: the healthy and strong Alnus formosana Plantation super seedling of the semi-annual high-quality described in step (3) refers to: height of seedling > average height of seedling+1 standard deviation, the average leading thread of seedling leading thread > seedling+1 standard deviation, nursery stock is upright, terminal bud is obvious, without the healthy and strong nursery stock of damage by disease and insect.
5. the method for four seasons cuttage and quick-propagation is preced with in a kind of Alnus formosana Plantation control according to claim 1 partially, it is characterized in that: the maternal plant culture medium described in step (3) mixes formulated by following mass ratio, wherein: yellow soil or removing 20cm show mountain soil 85%, pond sludge 10%, chicken manure stack retting material 3%, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 2% after soil.
6. the method for four seasons cuttage and quick-propagation is preced with in a kind of Alnus formosana Plantation control according to claim 1 partially, it is characterized in that: the strict control liquid manure described in step (3) refers to: after cutting strunk, before coppice shoot grows into 2cm length, ensure ground moistening, strictly control water afterwards, promote coppice shoot semi-lignified; Every 2 ~ 4 days trickles once, move nutritious bag in spring, rainy season in summer and cut off maternal plant root system and control moisture, nutritious bag soil is half-dried, drenches water once for autumn and winter dry weather; Clip 4 ~ 6 batches of cuttings backsight maternal plant fertilizer deficiency situations pouring execute the Russian import composite fertilizer liquid manure of mass concentration 0.5 ~ 0.8% once.
7. the method for four seasons cuttage and quick-propagation is preced with in a kind of Alnus formosana Plantation control according to claim 1 partially, it is characterized in that: the different length high-quality coppice shoot described in step (4) refers to healthy and strong anosis worm, autumn and winter long 5 ~ 8cm, spring and summer long 10 ~ 12cm, base portion semi-lignified, band terminal bud, the one-level coppice shoot sprouted from maternal plant trunk.
8. the method for four seasons cuttage and quick-propagation is preced with in a kind of Alnus formosana Plantation control according to claim 1 partially, it is characterized in that: the cottage breeding matrix described in step (5) mixes formulated by following mass ratio, wherein: true yellow cubsoil or coconut palm chaff 85%+ peat soil 15%.
9. the method for four seasons cuttage and quick-propagation is preced with in a kind of Alnus formosana Plantation control according to claim 1 partially, it is characterized in that: hiding sunshade net according to Various Seasonal mode and refer to that it is the sunshade net of 80% that spring, autumn, winter film directly cover shading rate described in step (6), employing in summer shading rate is the sunshade net of 90%, if overhead height is the cool canopy shading of 1.5 ~ 2 meters.
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