CN103918459A - Method for cutting propagation of cephalomappa sinensis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cuttage propagation method of fat cow tree, which comprises the steps of constructing ear-picking nursery, collecting and processing cuttings, cutting and post-planting management, and is characterized in that the trees are collected in 1-2 months, are 2-5 years old, grow robustly, The wild seedlings free of diseases and insect pests are cultivated and domesticated into mother trees for picking ears, and then the cuttings are collected and cut into the prepared substrate, and the cutting seedlings of fat cow tree are obtained through post-insertion management. The seedlings of the present invention have good quality, little individual difference, good stability, more developed root system than seedlings, vigorous growth, no slow seedling period for transplanting, high survival rate, high reproduction coefficient, suitable for industrialized production, low cost, and easy operation , easy to promote and popularize, for the protection and development of fat cattle trees, greening stone mountains, improving the ecological environment, and developing animal husbandry, a kind of rapid propagation technology for seedlings is provided, which has higher ecological, social and economic benefits.

Description

A kind of fat cattle tree cutting propagation method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a cutting propagation method of fat cow tree.

Background technique

Cephalomappa sinensis (Chun et How) Kosterm.﹞ also known as Cephalomapa sinensis (Chun et How) Kosterm., is an evergreen tree belonging to Euphorbiaceae. Feeding cattle can make the cattle fat and get the name. Naturally distributed in the karst mountainous evergreen broad-leaved forests below 500 m above sea level in southwestern Guangxi, it is one of the main building tree species in the karst forests of Guangxi.

Fat cattle leaves are thick, slightly sweet, rich in nutrients, and good palatability. Cattle and sheep like to eat them. It is a unique and precious woody feed tree species in China. According to the analysis, the dry matter crude protein content of fat cattle leaves is 14.91%, crude fat content is 3.73%, crude fiber content is 20.04%, nitrogen-free extract content is 42.26%, phosphorus content is 0.23%, calcium content is 1.56%, and the total energy is 3.96 Mcal/ kg, its nutritional content is far superior to that of corn and straw. Farmers in Tuokan Township, Tiandeng County, Guangxi once conducted experiments. If all cattle were fed with fresh leaves of fat cattle tree, the average weight gain per head would be 7.8 kg per month; The monthly weight gain was only 4.9 kg, and the difference between the two was extremely significant. In addition to feeding, the fat cow tree has a well-developed root system and can penetrate and grow between rock gaps. It is an important tree species for rocky desertification control, water and soil conservation, and water conservation in karst areas; its wood structure is compact and hard. High-quality materials such as machinery industry and joinery products; seeds are rich in oil and can be used for oil extraction. Fat cattle are used for forestry and animal husbandry, and have a wide range of uses, and have high ecological, social and economic benefits. The protection and development of fat cattle trees can not only green the stone mountains, improve the ecological environment, but also produce a large amount of green fodder, develop animal husbandry, benefit the country and the people, and have broad prospects.

Because the fruit of the fat cow tree is easy to fall off when it is ripe, birds and animals like to eat it, and it is difficult to collect. People in the production areas mostly dig up wild seedlings for transplanting. The quantity is small and the quality is poor. The problem of seedlings has always plagued the development of the fat cow tree industry. How to realize the rapid multiplication of the improved species of the fat cow tree has become a difficult point to be solved urgently in the prior art.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a cutting propagation method of the fat cow tree which is simple, fast in propagation speed, high in reproduction coefficient and low in cost, aiming at the difficulty in sexual reproduction of the fat cow tree.

The present invention is achieved like this:

A method for cutting and propagating a fat cow tree, comprising the steps of constructing an ear-picking nursery, collecting and processing cuttings, cutting and post-planting management, characterized in that: by collecting wild fat cow tree seedlings, cultivating and acclimating them into a mother tree for picking ears, and then collecting Spikes, cuttages are placed in the prepared substrate, and fat cow tree cutting seedlings are obtained through post-insertion management, and the operation steps are as follows:

(1) Construction of ear picking nursery:

① Nursery land selection: Choose a flat land or gentle slope land with convenient transportation, good drainage and irrigation, deep soil layer, loose and fertile land as the ear picking garden;

②Soil preparation: full reclamation, two plows and two harrows, sufficient base fertilizer, raking the fine soil, picking up the grass roots, and starting a row. The width of the trail is 30 cm, the depth is 25 cm, and the width of the furrow is 120 cm. The length depends on the terrain;

③Collection of mother trees: Collect wild seedlings with a tree age of 2 to 5 years, strong growth, and no pests and diseases in January to February, and tie every 20 plants into a bundle. Pack it with film and transport it back to the nursery;

④ Planting: Immediately after the seedlings are transported back, they are planted or artificially planted on a sand bed. The planting density is 50 cm × 50 cm. The size and depth of the planting hole should be greater than the root system of the seedlings; After 5-10 seconds, lift it up and plant it. After planting, use branch shears to truncate the top at a distance of 15-20 cm from the ground, and then water the roots thoroughly;

⑤Mother tree tending management: After planting, water once every 5-10 days. After the seedlings germinate and branch, topdress with water, and apply a compound fertilizer aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.5-1.0% every 15 days. According to the growth of the spikes, water and fertilizer should be controlled in time to prevent the spikes from growing excessively; in summer, a shed should be set up for shading, with a pile distance of 5-6 m and a wire drawn 2.5 m above the ground, covered with a shading net with a shading rate of 70%; After ear picking, spray a solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 500 times of water to prevent incision infection, remove weeds on the seedbed in time, open a ring-shaped ditch around the canopy, and apply 50% of conventional compound fertilizer. ~100 g/plant to promote new shoots;

(2) Collection and processing of spikes:

① Ear picking: Before the new buds germinate in spring, carry out at 6:00 to 9:00 in the morning on sunny or cloudy days. Select the spikes with strong growth and full buds, cut them off at a distance of 0.5 cm from the mother branch, and pick the spikes Neatly placed in a basin with a little water;

②Fringe making: place the harvested spikes in a cool place, and process them as they are harvested, keep 2 to 4 full buds for each cutting, 8 to 10 cm long, cut the upper end 1 cm away from the buds, and cut the lower end 0.5 cm away from the buds Cut, keep only the upper 2 leaves, and cut off 1/3, and cut off all the remaining leaves;

③ Disinfection: tie every 50 cuttings into a bundle, align the lower ends, put them vertically into a solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder plus water 500 times, soak to 3-4 cm at the base of cuttings, take out after 10-15 minutes and drain dry moisture;

④ Hormone treatment: immerse the base of the sterilized cuttings in the pre-prepared rooting powder solution for 2 hours, take it out and cut it;

(3) Cuttings:

① Substrate treatment: 1 day before cutting, spray the cutting substrate with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, and then cover it with plastic film to reduce external interference;

② Cutting method: before cutting, drench the cutting matrix of the seedbed with clean water, insert the base of the cuttings vertically into the cutting matrix according to the row spacing of 3 cm×10 cm, and the cutting depth is 4-5 cm. When cutting, pay attention to the arrangement of the leaves of the cuttings in the same direction , so as not to block each other, affect the ventilation and light transmission, and drench the fixed root water after insertion;

③ Shed heat preservation: build a small arch shed with bamboo slices, 50-70 cm above the bed surface, set bow-shaped bamboo slices every 80 cm, cover the top with plastic film, install a temperature and humidity meter in the arch shed, and use fine soil for the plastic film around the arch shed compaction, heat preservation and moisture retention;

(4) Management after insertion:

①Moisture management: After cutting, pay attention to observe and adjust the temperature and humidity in the shed, keep the temperature in the shed at 20-25 ℃, and the relative humidity > 90%. Ventilation and cooling, when the outdoor temperature is > 28 ℃, remove the plastic film and replace it with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70%; before the callus is formed, water it in time to keep water droplets on the leaf surface. To control water, just keep the cutting substrate surface moist;

② Sterilization and disease prevention: On the next day after cutting, spray a solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder with a mass concentration of 500 times of water or a solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder with 800 times of water for sterilization and disease prevention. Re-spray once every 7 days, and use the two drugs alternately to avoid bacterial resistance;

③ Top dressing outside the root: After cutting for 20 days, spray a mixed nutrient solution with a mass concentration of 0.2% urea + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 7 days to promote growth;

④ Weeding: According to the principle of weeding, weeding, weeding, weeding at any time;

⑤ Transplant seedlings in separate beds: After the shoots and leaves are mature, transplant the seedlings to the field or nutrition bags to continue to grow into large seedlings.

The base fertilizer mentioned above is decomposed manure and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 3000 kg of decomposed manure and 50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied per mu.

The above-mentioned water-retaining agent gel is a gel obtained by using a commercially available 80-100 mesh Anxin brand water-retaining agent, putting the dry product of the water-retaining agent into clean water at a mass ratio of 1:150, and fully absorbing water to swell.

The above-mentioned rooting powder solution adopts No. GGR6 rooting powder developed by the ABT Center of Chinese Academy of Forestry, and it is mixed with 200 mg/L rooting powder solution.

The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of the compound fertilizers mentioned above are 16%, 16%, and 16%, respectively, and the total nutrients are ≥48%.

The above-mentioned seedbed is made of sintered bricks, with an inner width of 1 m, a length of 10 m, and a height of 50 cm. Drainage holes are reserved at the base of the wall every 2 m; Spread 2.4-3.2 cm small pebbles with a thickness of 10 cm to form a water filtration layer, and spread cutting substrates on the surface with a thickness of 15 cm. the

The composition and weight ratio of the above-mentioned cutting matrix are mixed and stirred with 75% yellow heart soil + 25% perlite.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) Seedlings are of good quality: cutting seedlings inherit the excellent genes of the mother tree, have good stability, little individual difference, more developed root system than seedlings, vigorous growth, no slow seedling period for transplanting, and high survival rate.

(2) High reproduction coefficient: Due to the adoption of technical measures such as low-level cutting to promote germination, timely water control and fertilizer control, there are many spikes, good quality and high reproduction coefficient, which is suitable for industrial production.

(3) Easy promotion: The materials used in the present invention are all locally owned or purchased from the market. The materials are easy to obtain, low in cost, easy to operate, and easy to popularize. For the protection and development of fat cow trees, greening stone mountains, improving the ecological environment, and developing Animal husbandry provides a seedling rapid propagation technology with high ecological, social and economic benefits.

Detailed ways

The present invention is described in further detail below with embodiment, but they are not limitation of the present invention.

Example 1

Choose the flat land or gentle slope land with convenient transportation, good drainage and irrigation, deep soil, loose and fertile land as the ear picking garden; full reclamation, two plows and two harrows, sufficient base fertilizer, fine soil raking, clean grass roots, open the row and start the trails. The width is 30 cm, the depth is 25 cm, the width of the border is 120 cm, and the length depends on the terrain; in January 2012, wild seedlings with 4 to 5 years old, strong growth and no pests and diseases were collected, and every 20 plants were tied into a bundle. Immerse the root system of the seedling in the water-retaining agent gel for 8-10 seconds, take it out and wrap it with a plastic film, and transport it back to the nursery; the planting density is 50 cm×50 cm, and the size and depth of the planting hole should be slightly larger than the root system of the seedling. Immerse in the rooting powder solution and the mud for 8-10 seconds, lift it up and plant it. After planting, truncate the top with branch clippers at a distance of 15-20 cm from the ground, and pour water for fixed roots; after that, water once every 5 days. After the seedlings germinated and branched, topdressing was carried out in combination with watering, and 0.5% compound fertilizer aqueous solution was applied every 15 days. Depending on the growth of the spikes, water and fertilizer should be controlled in time to prevent the spikes from growing excessively; The distance between the piles is 5-6 m, and the height from the ground is 2.5 m. The iron wire is covered with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70%. Remove the weeds on the seedbed in time, open a ring-shaped ditch around the canopy, and apply 80-100 g of compound fertilizer per plant to promote new shoots;

On the morning of February 26, 2013, choose the cuttings with strong growth and full buds, cut them off at a distance of 0.5 cm from the mother branch, and place the harvested cuttings neatly in a pot with a little water; Keep 2-4 full buds, 8-10 cm long, cut the upper end 1 cm away from the buds horizontally, and cut the lower end obliquely 0.5 cm away from the buds, keep only the upper 2 leaves, and cut off 1/3, and cut off all the rest; Every 50 cuttings are tied into a bundle, the lower ends are aligned, vertically put into 500 times liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, soaked to 3-4 cm at the base of the cuttings, take out and drain the water after 13-15 minutes; put the sterilized Immerse the base of the cuttings in 100 mg/L GGR6 rooting powder solution for 2 hours, take it out and cut it;

Spray the matrix with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution 1 day before cutting for disinfection, and drench the matrix with clean water before cutting, and insert the base of the cuttings vertically into the matrix at a distance of 3 cm×10 cm, with a depth of 4 to 5 cm. Note that the leaves of the cuttings should be arranged in the same direction so as not to block each other and affect the ventilation and light transmission. After inserting, drench the fixed root water; then build a small arch shed with bamboo slices, 50-60 cm above the bed surface, and form a bow every 80 cm Insert a piece of bamboo, cover it with a plastic film, hang a temperature and humidity meter in the shed, and compact the plastic film around the shed with fine soil to keep it warm and moisturized; keep the temperature in the shed at 20-25 °C, and the relative humidity > 90%. When the temperature inside the shed is higher than 30 ℃, remove the plastic film at both ends of the shed, ventilate and cool down, and when the outdoor temperature is higher than 28 ℃, remove the plastic film and replace it with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70%; Water to keep water droplets on the leaves. After the callus is formed, properly control the water, just keep the surface of the substrate moist; the next day after inserting, spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times or 75% Bacteria clear wettable powder 800 times liquid to sterilize and prevent diseases, after that, re-spray once every 7 days, and use the two drugs alternately to avoid bacterial resistance; 20 days after cutting, spray 0.2% urea + 0 every 7 days .3% Potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed nutrient solution to promote growth; weeding in time, after the shoots and leaves mature, the seedlings can be transplanted to the field or nutrient bags to continue to grow into large seedlings.

100 days after cutting, 50 cuttings were randomly selected to investigate the rooting rate. The cuttings were soaked in 100 mg/L GGR6 rooting powder solution for 2 h, and the rooting rate reached 76%.

Example 2

Choose the flat land or gentle slope land with convenient transportation, good drainage and irrigation, deep soil, loose and fertile land as the ear picking garden; full reclamation, two plows and two harrows, sufficient base fertilizer, fine soil raking, clean grass roots, open the row and start the trails. The width is 30 cm, the depth is 25 cm, the width of the border is 120 cm, and the length depends on the terrain; in February 2012, wild seedlings with a tree age of 2 to 3 years, strong growth, and no pests and diseases were collected, and every 20 plants were tied into a bundle. Immerse the root system in the water-retaining agent gel for 5-10 seconds, take it out and wrap it with plastic film, and transport it back to the nursery; the planting density is 50 cm×50 cm, and the size and depth of the planting hole should be slightly larger than the root system of the seedling. Before planting, the root system of the seedling should be immersed in Put the rooting powder solution in the mud for 5-7 seconds, lift it up and plant it. After planting, use branch shears to truncate the top at a distance of 15-18 cm from the ground, and pour water for fixed roots; after that, water once every 7 days. After the seedlings germinated and branched, topdressing was carried out in combination with watering, and 0.5-1.0% compound fertilizer aqueous solution was applied every 15 days. Depending on the growth of the spikes, water and fertilizer should be controlled in time to prevent the spikes from growing excessively; in summer, set up a shed for shading , with a pile distance of 5-6 m and a height of 2.5 m from the ground to draw iron wire, covered with a shading net with a shading rate of 70% for shading; after each ear picking, spray 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder to prevent incision infection , clear the weeds on the seedbed in time, open a ring-shaped ditch around the canopy, and apply 50-70 g of compound fertilizer per plant to promote new shoots;

On the morning of February 26, 2013, choose the cuttings with strong growth and full buds, cut them off at a distance of 0.5 cm from the mother branch, and place the harvested cuttings neatly in a pot with a little water; Keep 2-4 full buds, 8-10 cm long, cut the upper end 1 cm away from the buds horizontally, and cut the lower end obliquely 0.5 cm away from the buds, keep only the upper 2 leaves, and cut off 1/3, and cut off all the rest; Every 50 cuttings are tied into a bundle, the lower ends are aligned, vertically put into 500 times liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, soaked to 3-4 cm at the base of the cuttings, take out and drain the water after 10-12 minutes; put the sterilized Immerse the base of the cuttings in 200 mg/L GGR6 rooting powder solution for 2 hours, take it out and cut it;

Spray the matrix with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution 1 day before cutting for disinfection, and drench the matrix with clean water before cutting, and insert the base of the cuttings vertically into the matrix at a distance of 3 cm×10 cm, with a depth of 4 to 5 cm. Note that the leaves of the cuttings should be arranged in the same direction so as not to block each other and affect the ventilation and light transmission. After cuttings, drench the fixed roots with water; then build a small shed with bamboo slices, 50-70 cm high from the bed surface, and form a bow every 80 cm Insert a piece of bamboo, cover it with a plastic film, hang a thermo-hygrometer in the shed, and compact the plastic film around the shed with fine soil to keep it warm and moisturized; When the temperature inside the shed is higher than 30°C, remove the plastic film at both ends of the shed, ventilate and cool down, and when the outdoor temperature is higher than 28°C, remove the plastic film and replace it with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70%. Water, keep water droplets on the leaves, after the callus is formed, properly control the water, just keep the surface of the substrate moist; the next day after inserting, spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid or 75% chlorothalonia Qing wettable powder 800 times liquid is sterilized for disease prevention, and then sprayed once every 7 days. The two drugs are used alternately to avoid bacterial resistance; 20 days after cuttings, spray 0.2% urea + 0.2% urea every 7 days. 3% Potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed nutrient solution to promote growth; weeding in time, after the shoots and leaves mature, the seedlings can be transplanted to the field or nutrient bags to continue to grow into large seedlings.

100 days after cutting, 50 cuttings were randomly selected to investigate the rooting rate. The cuttings were soaked in 200 mg/LGGR6 rooting powder solution for 2 h, and the rooting rate reached 88%.

Example 3

Choose the flat land or gentle slope land with convenient transportation, good drainage and irrigation, deep soil, loose and fertile land as the ear picking garden; full reclamation, two plows and two harrows, sufficient base fertilizer, fine soil raking, clean grass roots, open the row and start the trails. The width is 30 cm, the depth is 25 cm, the width of the border is 120 cm, and the length depends on the terrain; in February 2012, wild seedlings with a tree age of 2 to 5 years, strong growth, and no pests and diseases were collected, and every 20 plants were tied into a bundle. Immerse the root system in the water-retaining agent gel for 7-8 seconds, take it out and wrap it with plastic film, and transport it back to the nursery; the planting density is 50 cm×50 cm, and the size and depth of the planting hole should be slightly larger than the root system of the seedling. Before planting, the root system of the seedling should be immersed in Put the rooting powder solution in the slurry for 6-8 seconds, lift it up and plant it. After planting, use branch shears to truncate the top at a distance of 18 cm from the ground, and pour the fixed root water; after that, pour water once every 7-10 days, and wait for After the seedlings germinated and branched, topdressing was carried out in combination with watering, and 0.5-1.0% compound fertilizer aqueous solution was applied every 15 days. Depending on the growth of the spikes, water and fertilizer should be controlled in time to prevent the spikes from growing excessively; in summer, set up a shed for shading , with a pile distance of 5-6 m and a height of 2.5 m from the ground to draw iron wire, covered with a shading net with a shading rate of 70% for shading; after each ear picking, spray 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder to prevent incision infection , clear the weeds on the seedbed in time, open a ring-shaped ditch around the canopy, and apply 60-70 g of compound fertilizer per plant to promote new shoots;

On the morning of February 26, 2013, choose the cuttings with strong growth and full buds, cut them off at a distance of 0.5 cm from the mother branch, and place the harvested cuttings neatly in a pot with a little water; Keep 2-4 full buds, 8-10 cm long, cut the upper end 1 cm away from the buds horizontally, and cut the lower end obliquely 0.5 cm away from the buds, keep only the upper 2 leaves, and cut off 1/3, and cut off all the rest; Every 50 cuttings are tied into a bundle, the lower ends are aligned, vertically put into 500 times liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, soaked to 3-4 cm at the base of the cuttings, take out and drain the water after 10-12 minutes; put the sterilized Immerse the base of the cuttings in 300 mg/L GGR6 rooting powder solution for 2 hours, take it out and cut it;

Spray the matrix with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution 1 day before cutting for disinfection, and drench the matrix with clean water before cutting, and insert the base of the cuttings vertically into the matrix at a distance of 3 cm×10 cm, with a depth of 4 to 5 cm. Note that the leaves of the cuttings should be arranged in the same direction so as not to block each other and affect the ventilation and light transmission. After cuttings, drench the fixed roots with water; then build a small shed with bamboo slices, 50-70 cm high from the bed surface, and form a bow every 80 cm Insert 1 piece of bamboo, cover it with plastic film, hang 1 temperature and humidity meter in the shed, and compact the plastic film around the shed with fine soil to keep warm and keep moisture; When the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, remove the plastic film at both ends of the shed, ventilate and cool down. When the outdoor temperature is higher than 28 ℃, remove the plastic film and replace it with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70%. Keep water droplets on the leaf surface. After the callus is formed, properly control the water, just keep the surface of the substrate moist; the next day after inserting, spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times or 75% chlorothalonil. Wet powder 800 times liquid for sterilization and disease prevention, after that, re-spray once every 7 days, and use the two drugs alternately to avoid bacterial resistance; 20 days after cutting, spray 0.2% urea + 0.3% every 7 days Potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed nutrient solution to promote growth; weeding in time, after the shoots and leaves mature, the seedlings can be transplanted to the field or nutrient bags to continue to grow into large seedlings.

100 days after cutting, 50 cuttings were randomly selected to investigate the rooting rate. The cuttings were soaked in 300 mg/L GGR6 rooting powder solution for 2 h, and the rooting rate reached 84%.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of fat cattle tree cutting propagation method, comprise operations such as ear-picking nursery construction, ear bar collection and processing, cuttage and management after inserting, it is characterized in that: by collecting wild fat cattle tree seedlings, cultivate and domesticate into mother tree for picking ears, Then the scion is collected, cuttage is placed in the prepared substrate, and the fat cow tree cutting seedling is obtained through post-insertion management, and the operation steps are as follows: (1) Construction of ear picking nursery: ① Nursery land selection: Choose a flat land or gentle slope land with convenient transportation, good drainage and irrigation, deep soil layer, loose and fertile land as the ear picking garden; ②Soil preparation: full reclamation, two plows and two harrows, sufficient base fertilizer, raking the fine soil, picking up the grass roots, and starting a row. The width of the trail is 30 cm, the depth is 25 cm, and the width of the furrow is 120 cm. The length depends on the terrain; ③Collection of mother trees: Collect wild seedlings with a tree age of 2 to 5 years, strong growth, and no pests and diseases from January to February, and tie every 20 plants into a bundle, immerse the roots of the seedlings in the water-retaining agent gel for 5-10 seconds, and take them out with a plastic film Bandage and transport back to the nursery; ④ Planting: Immediately after the seedlings are transported back, they are planted or artificially planted on a sand bed. The planting density is 50 cm × 50 cm. The size and depth of the planting hole should be greater than the root system of the seedlings; After 5-10 seconds, lift it up and plant it. After planting, use branch shears to truncate the top at a distance of 15-20 cm from the ground, and then water the roots thoroughly; ⑤Mother tree tending management: After planting, water once every 5-10 days, after the seedlings germinate and shoot branches, topdress with water, and apply a compound fertilizer aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 0.5-1.0% every 15 days, Depending on the growth of the spikes, water and fertilizer should be controlled in time to prevent the spikes from growing excessively; in summer, a shed should be set up for shading, with a pile distance of 5-6 m and a height of 2.5 m from the ground to draw iron wires, covered with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70%; After the second ear picking, spray a solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 500 times water to prevent wound infection, remove weeds on the seedbed in time, open a ring-shaped ditch around the crown, and apply conventional compound fertilizer 50-100 g/plant to promote new shoots; (2) Collection and processing of spikes: ① Ear picking: Before the new buds germinate in spring, carry out at 6:00 to 9:00 in the morning on sunny or cloudy days. Select the spikes with strong growth and full buds, cut them off at a distance of 0.5 cm from the mother branch, and pick the spikes Neatly placed in a basin with a little water; ②Fringe making: place the harvested spikes in a cool place, and process them as they are harvested, keep 2 to 4 full buds for each cutting, 8 to 10 cm long, cut the upper end 1 cm away from the buds, and cut the lower end 0.5 cm away from the buds Cut, keep only the upper 2 leaves, and cut off 1/3, and cut off all the remaining leaves; ③ Disinfection: tie every 50 cuttings into a bundle, align the lower ends, put them vertically into a solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder plus water 500 times, soak to 3-4 cm at the base of cuttings, take out after 10-15 minutes and drain dry moisture; ④ Hormone treatment: immerse the base of the sterilized cuttings in the pre-prepared rooting powder solution for 2 hours, take it out and cut it; (3) Cuttings: ① Substrate treatment: 1 day before cutting, spray the cutting substrate with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, and then cover it with plastic film to reduce external interference; ② Cutting method: before cutting, drench the cutting matrix of the seedbed with clean water, insert the base of the cuttings vertically into the cutting matrix according to the row spacing of 3 cm×10 cm, and the cutting depth is 4-5 cm. When cutting, pay attention to the arrangement of the leaves of the cuttings in the same direction , so as not to block each other, affect the ventilation and light transmission, and drench the fixed root water after insertion; ③ Shed heat preservation: build a small arch shed with bamboo slices, 50-70 cm above the bed surface, set bow-shaped bamboo slices every 80 cm, cover the top with plastic film, install a temperature and humidity meter in the arch shed, and use fine soil for the plastic film around the arch shed compaction, heat preservation and moisture retention; (4) Management after insertion: ①Moisture management: After cutting, pay attention to observe and adjust the temperature and humidity in the shed, keep the temperature in the shed at 20-25 ℃, and the relative humidity > 90%. Ventilation and cooling, when the outdoor temperature is > 28 ℃, remove the plastic film and replace it with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 70%; before the callus is formed, water it in time to keep water droplets on the leaf surface. To control water, just keep the cutting substrate surface moist; ② Sterilization and disease prevention: On the next day after cutting, spray a solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder with a mass concentration of 500 times of water or a solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder with 800 times of water for sterilization and disease prevention. Re-spray once every 7 days, and use the two drugs alternately to avoid bacterial resistance; ③ Top dressing outside the root: After cutting for 20 days, spray a mixed nutrient solution with a mass concentration of 0.2% urea + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 7 days to promote growth; ④ Weeding: According to the principle of weeding, weeding, weeding, weeding at any time; ⑤ Transplant seedlings in separate beds: After the shoots and leaves are mature, transplant the seedlings to the field or nutrition bags to continue to grow into large seedlings. 2. a kind of fat cow tree cutting propagation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described base manure is decomposed manure and calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and per mu is applied 3000 kg of decomposed manure and 50 kg of calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer. 3. A method for cutting and propagating fat cow tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water-retaining agent gel is commercially available 80-100 mesh Anxin brand water-retaining agent, and the water-retaining agent is mixed in a mass ratio of 1:150 The dry product is put into clean water, and the gel is obtained after fully absorbing water and swelling. 4. a kind of fat cow tree cutting propagation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described rooting powder solution is the No. GGR6 rooting powder that adopts Chinese Academy of Forestry ABT center research and development, it is mixed with 200 mg/L root powder solution. 5. a kind of fat cattle tree cutting propagation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content of described compound fertilizer are respectively 16%, 16%, 16%, total nutrient ≥ 48%. 6. a kind of fat cattle tree cutting propagation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described seedbed is made of sintered bricks, inner width 1 m, length 10 m, height 50 cm, wall base is pre-prepared every 2m. Drainage holes are reserved; the bottom layer is paved with 8-12 cm large pebbles with a thickness of 15-20 cm, and the upper layer is paved with 2.4-3.2 cm small pebbles with a thickness of 10 cm to form a water filtration layer, and the surface layer is paved with a cutting substrate with a thickness of 15 cm. 7. A kind of fat cow tree cutting propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the composition and weight ratio of the cutting matrix are mixed and stirred with 75% yellow heart soil + 25% perlite.