CN109511414A - The breeding method of alder dwarfing maternal plant - Google Patents
The breeding method of alder dwarfing maternal plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN109511414A CN109511414A CN201910026620.5A CN201910026620A CN109511414A CN 109511414 A CN109511414 A CN 109511414A CN 201910026620 A CN201910026620 A CN 201910026620A CN 109511414 A CN109511414 A CN 109511414A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of forestry, and in particular to and a kind of alder downgrades the breeding method of maternal plant, including, the selection of alder maternal plant, the processing of alder maternal plant cutting strunk, alder maternal plant transplanting control root container, control root container is placed in cement flooring, the trimming of alder maternal plant and drawing branch moulding, blooming period management and tree-like maintenance.Alder provided by the invention downgrades the breeding method of maternal plant, can be effectively controlled tree height, and it is difficult to solve the problems, such as to collect seed.It draws branch processing alder can be blossomed and beared fruit time advance 4~6 years, alder single plant fruiting amount, seed production and picking rate is effectively improved, without apparent biennial bearing phenomenon.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of forestry, and in particular to a kind of alder downgrades the breeding method of maternal plant.
Background technique
Alder is (Alnus cremastogyne Burk.) Betulaceae Alder deciduous tree, is the Sichuan Basin, Guizhou
Indigenous tree western, Southern Shaanxi is important.Alder growth rapidly, sets high average annual increment up to 1~1.5m, and material is light
Soft, it is traditional Fuel-plantation Trees and excellent paper pulp raw material tree species that content of cellulose is high.The symbiosis of alder root has actinomyces,
Root nodule is commonly formed in root, and therefore, alder has inherent advantage in terms of improveing soil, changes in water and soil conservation, deserted mountain mud-flat soil
The remarkable benefit of good equal Improvement of Ecological Environment.
Currently, the cultivation and application of alder nursery stock are based on seed seedling-raising and seedling forestation.In production, alder seed
It is mainly derived from the alder woods and seed forest of NATURAL DISTRIBUTION.The characteristics of due to alder fruiting, so that the needs of acquisition alder infructescence
Certain skill could separate fruitful branch from trunk.And the characteristics of infructescence distribution height and dispersion, before leading to seed collecting, observation
Infructescence and the situation of reaching maturity of seed are difficult.
The study found that adult alder fruiting has a characteristic that
(1) age of tree < 15 years, alder under natural conditions, fruiting branch are in the middle and lower part of tree crown；The age of tree >=15 year, nature
Alder under state, fruiting branch are in the top or middle and upper part of tree crown.
(2) on fruiting branch infructescence it is raw in tree crown surrounding, distribution is not concentrated.
(3) alder seed is small and light, and length and width are only 2~4mm, and 0.8~1.2g of mass of 1000 kernel, seed is included in cylindrical fruit
In sequence, each infructescence contains 50~150, seed.Mid or late December, after the withered cracking of bract dehydration in infructescence, seed immediately from
It is flown in infructescence.
Therefore, because the distribution of alder infructescence and mature feature, cause alder collect seed difficult, seed collecting low efficiency the problem of always
It is not solved effectively.Alder fruiting layer is reduced, is to reduce infructescence picking difficulty, produces the key point of seed in batches.This is specially
Benefit elaborates that alder downgrades the breeding method of maternal plant, specifically includes maternal plant selection, cutting strunk processing, the field planting of control root container, tree-like pipe
Reason draws branch sizing, blooming period management and tree-like maintenance.It is handled using this method, reduction plant vegetative growth can be reached, control tree is high
(2~3m), the purpose for adjusting fruiting layer height (1.5~2m), Blooming solid (age of tree 4~6 years).
It draws research and application of the branch on fruit tree more, draws branch to influence differentiation of floral bud of fruit tree very big.It is such as upright to almond
Branch pulls into 85~90 °, can obviously increase spray quantity and bud number；The earsh of the green pears of Xizi, a famous beauty in the late Spring and Autumn Period is by drawing branch processing that can promote
It gets bumper crops into precocity fruiting, enters operation period ahead of time；The control of loquat branch angle at 30~45 °, early blossoming Fruit-setting rate is high, flower spike and flower
Piece it is high-quality；The germination rate highest of apple horizontal drawing branch, the germination rate of upright branch are minimum；Effect when jargonel draws in 90 °
Preferably, bud quantity is most.
Although it is more to draw branch processing to study on fruit tree, the specific method for drawing branches difference of different fruit trees is larger, Er Qieguo
Tree draws branch to increase fruits output as target, and seed production is not the main purpose of fruit tree branch pulling, meanwhile, fruit tree branch pulling is
It is carried out in forest land, do not carry out control root research, therefore, the experience of fruit tree branch pulling and is not suitable for cultivating alder dwarfing maternal plant.
The alder woods of NATURAL DISTRIBUTION and the alder seed forest of identification are high megaphanerophyte, there are mainly two types of seed collecting side
Formula.
First method is maternal plant straight, branch is more logical for tree body, and using the means manually climbed tree, seed collecting personnel are arrived
After near to fruitful branch, branch is separated using tools such as knife, axe, saws from elite stand, sets lower personnel and acquire above the branch
Infructescence.
Second method be it is tall and big for tree body, it is being not easy to climb tree or in the unspecific situation of safety condition, using catapult
The method of transmitting rope is bundled in rope on fruitful branch, is broken fruitful branch by external force, seed collecting personnel acquire infructescence again.
The common feature of existing two kinds of harvesting methods is that branch is cut down or fractureed with external force, then acquires infructescence again.
It is climbed tree using first method and cuts branch acquisition infructescence, had the following problems in operation:
(1) alder branch is soft, and the branch at nearly tree crown is easy to wave, and is unfavorable for the safety for the personnel of climbing tree, can only select
The fruiting branch of middle lower layer.
(2) can only fine day climb tree seed collecting.
(3) after having adopted infructescence for the year, the branch of the height is caused second year fruitful branch position to move up, is increased by hackle
The difficulty that second year is collected seed cut branch by continuous 3 years~5 years, this plant of alder will can cut without branch.
(4) branch cut down is more, bigger to the injury of tree body.
(5) maturity of seed in infructescence could be detected after branches must be waited to land, there are seed is not yet done or fruit
A possibility that withered seed of sequence is fallen.
Using the method for second of catapult transmitting rope acquisition infructescence, have the disadvantage that in operation
(1) the method can only be layered less, the lesser alder of branch density for tree crown.
(2) it requires seed collecting personnel's catapult technology high, rope can be emitted on seed collecting branch and not pull non-seed collecting branch.
Generally require trial can be only achieved ideal effect, the low efficiency of seed collecting for several times.
(3) branch cut down is more, bigger to the injury of tree body.
(4) kernel maturing could be detected after branch landing, there are seed is not yet done or the overdone withered seed of infructescence flies to spread
Possibility.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods that cultivation alder downgrades maternal plant, effectively control alder tree height, solve
The problem that it is difficult that alder is collected seed.The specific technical proposal is:
The breeding method of alder dwarfing maternal plant, comprising the following steps:
(1) alder maternal plant selects
Selection: selecting fine individual plant from wildwood or seed forest, and mid or late December acquires the seed of each fine individual plant,
Spring in next year carries out nursery, conventional to cultivate the winter for arriving third year, carries out candidate maternal plant selection, selects growing way best from seedling
Single plant as the material for downgrading maternal plant is cultivated, specific requirement: 3~7cm of ground diameter sets high 3~4m, the logical straight degree Gao Wufen of trunk
Branch, no disease and pests harm.
(2) alder maternal plant cutting strunk is handled
Late December, cutting strunk, saw kerf at the high 50~80cm of maternal plant tree flushed with chain saw.Then centered on maternal plant base portion,
20~30cm of excavated diameter, the soil ball of 20~30cm of depth cut off the root system outside soil ball.Soil ball finally is wrapped up with sunshade net,
To keep its integrality.
(3) alder maternal plant transplanting control root container
Maternal plant control root container: control root container is by 80~100cm of diameter, high 100~120cm PVC material perforated plastic piece
(3~5mm of aperture, Kong Zhongxin are away from 5cm) is surrounded, and controlling filling substrate in root container is vegetable garden soil, peat soil and coco bran, perlite
The mixture of seedling mediums is waited, wherein great soil group volume accounting >=50%, remaining matrix volume accounting < 50%, pH is slightly sour after mixing
(5.5~6.8).Great soil group can support alder maternal plant root system, as the fixed nutrient nutrition of storage medium.The addition of coco bran, perlite
The total quality for being conducive to mitigate control root container, is moved easily, while improving the gas permeability of filling substrate, and it is living to be conducive to root system
It is dynamic.
Transplanting: the cave of deep 20~40cm, diameter 30cm are dug in control root container central location, maternal plant is put into cave center, is gone
The sunshade net that switch is wrapped up in, backfills surface soil, and every maternal plant pours 50 liters of water.
(4) control root container puts management
Control root container is placed in cement flooring, and not only preventing root system from penetrating underground through control root container causes nutrient growth prosperous
It contains, and can reach the density for adjusting standing forest according to the position of the mobile control root container of tree crown state, maximumlly utilize space and sun
The purpose of light.
(5) trimming of alder maternal plant and drawing branch moulding
Spring in next year, the resting bud on trunk develop into coppice shoot, by the end of March~mid-April the optional time being set for as Their First Branch
Coppice shoot is selected, each direction retains 2~3 coppice shoots, and whole strain retains 16~24 coppice shoots altogether, remaining coppice shoot is cut from butt.8
The end of month~September just carries out final election, trim determining branch to the branch that coppice shoot develops into, and moulds that alder maternal plant is tree-like, the original of trimming
It is then that every elite stand retains 6~8 Their First Branchs, the horizontal distance between each Their First Branch is consistent as far as possible, two neighboring branch
The height of item is staggered, and guarantees there are enough growing spaces after branch is grown up.Remaining candidate branch is all cut from butt.
When Their First Branch it is long to 50~70cm long when, vertical draw branch and laterally draw branch, in order to reduce branch to
The situation of upper growth, guidance branch are transversely and horizontally grown, and drawing the target of branch is to reduce the elevation angle of Their First Branch, and the last elevation angle is in 0 °
~20 ° of section；Simultaneously by laterally drawing branch, branch direction is corrected, so that the distribution between branch is more balanced.
Method for drawing branches: making a call to a slip-knot with 1cm wide polypropylene plastics rope at 30~40cm of Their First Branch separated branch base portion, living
Knot diameter is 0.5~1cm longer than the branch diameter at binding place and cannot fasten, in order to avoid influence the thickening growth of branch.Perpendicular to the ground
Toward drop-down plastic ties, the branch elevation angle is reduced, stopping is acted and held motionless when hand feels that branch screen resilience significantly increases, and is prevented
Only branch is broken.Finally, the other end of polypropylene plastics rope is bundled on control root container, rope keeps tight state, branch
Item is fixed on current location.
It is said by 2~4 weeks vertical drawing branches when finding that polypropylene plastics rope becomes not stressing state from tight state
Bright branch at this time has been already adapted to current position, can unlock loose joint and carry out second of drawing branch.By 2 times~3 times drawing branches, one
The elevation angle of grade branch can achieve required range.Branch is laterally drawn by primary, that is, can reach the purpose of amendment branch direction.
(6) blooming period management and tree-like maintenance
The bud formed during the tree-like formation of maternal plant is erased without exception.When spring and autumn leaf bud are sprouted, erase on trunk
Leaf bud；Its trend is judged after leaf bud elongation on Their First Branch, cuts the leaf bud of vertical-growth, the leaf bud of retention level growth is to train
Educate second level branch, second level branch it is long to 20~50cm long when, there is the horizontal second level branch of overlapping to trim growing space, to reduce branch
Rod density.
Maternal plant draws branch treated the 2nd year spring (age of tree 6 years), and the tree-like determination of maternal plant, 2~4cm of Their First Branch base diameter, branch are long
2~3m, 0.5~1cm of second level branch base diameter, the long 0.5~1m of branch.Tree body has fruiting ability, and maternal plant enters production period, without dredging
Flower.
Alder provided by the invention downgrades the breeding method of maternal plant, has following technical advantage:
(1) it is high to can be effectively controlled tree, it is difficult to solve the problems, such as to collect seed.The alder growth of nature rapidly, sets Gao Nianjun
Increment is up to 1~3m, and when alder energy result, tree height has reached 10m or more, although branch can decline 50~100cm after fruiting,
But terrain clearance is still excessively high.The alder maternal plant that the present invention cultivates, tree height can be controlled in the range of 2~3m, and fruiting layer height can
The range in 1.5~2m is controlled, can both pick infructescence without climbing tree.
(2) control root and drawing branch processing can blossom and bear fruit alder time advance 4~6 years.Maternal plant is transplanted to 1 after control root container
Year (age of tree 4 years) can bloom, and (age of tree 5 years) smears bud growth promotion the 2nd year after transplanting, and (age of tree 6 years) enters life the 3rd year after transplanting
Term.And the alder of normal growth needs just yield positive results for 8~10 years in natural habitat.
(3) it draws branch to handle efficiency-cost ratio, draws branch moulding duration 2~4 months, Their First Branch moulding can be completed, hereafter without drawing
Branch processing, only need to suitably trim the second level branch sprouted on Their First Branch.
(4) tree-like control can effectively improve alder single plant fruiting amount, seed production and picking rate.The middle part of maternal plant fruiting branch
It can blossom and bear fruit with top, the infructescence on the branch of same length is more than the infructescence on the nature branch of same length
25%~50%, picking rate is up to 100%.
(5) seed production of alder natural stands has biennial bearing phenomenon, and seed production fluctuation is big, by more dwarfing maternal plant groups
At breeding garden due to convenient for management, can guarantee moisture, nutrient in time, seed production is stablized, without apparent biennial bearing phenomenon.
(6) modular design, respectively independent growths are only held with the i.e. removable control root of 3~5 people maternal plant in control root container
Device is very easy to the layout and density of adjustment breeding garden, is also able to achieve remote movement under the help of the machine tools such as forklift.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the present embodiment alder downgrades duration distribution map needed for maternal plant is cultivated and produces each link；
Fig. 2 is that the alder of the present embodiment downgrades the seed (right figure) and alder seed (left figure) under natural conditions of maternal plant production
Comparison.
Specific embodiment
It is described in conjunction with the embodiments the specific technical solution of the present invention.
How skills are placed etc. to the determination of the selection course, branch angle range of control root containers size, control root container below
Art problem, the present embodiment are compared with comparative example:
The selection of 1 alder maternal plant of embodiment, cutting strunk and transplanting are handled.
It is to cultivate the first step for downgrading maternal plant that alder maternal plant, which survives, first has to selection breeding strong sprout, just can guarantee final life
The excellent seed of output.Fine individual plant is selected from alder wildwood or seed forest, it is excellent to climb tree or cut branch acquisition mid or late December
Good single plant fruit branch collects seed, is placed in room temperature preservation in dry environment, and next year sows the seed in spring nursery, and conventional cultivate arrives third
The winter in year carries out candidate maternal plant selection, and the single plant for selecting growing way best from triennial seedling is as the material for cultivating dwarfing maternal plant
Material, specific requirement: 3~7cm of ground diameter sets high 3~4m, and the logical straight degree height of trunk is without branch, no disease and pests harm.
After candidate maternal plant winter fallen leaves, tree body enters dormant state, can carry out cutting strunk and transplanting operation.Late December,
With chain saw, cutting strunk, saw kerf are flushed at the high 50~80cm of maternal plant tree.Then centered on maternal plant base portion, excavated diameter 20~
30cm, the soil ball of 20~30cm of depth cut off the root system outside soil ball.Soil ball finally is wrapped up with sunshade net, to keep it complete
Property, prevent soil texture in transportational process from collapsing.
The native cutting strunk maternal plant of band wrapped can be transplanted into control root container, and control root container is by 80~100cm of diameter, high by 100
~120cm PVC material perforated plastic piece (3~5mm of aperture, Kong Zhongxin are away from 5cm) surrounds, and central filler matrix is vegetable garden soil, mud
The mixture of charcoal soil and the seedling mediums such as coco bran, perlite, wherein great soil group volume accounting >=50%, remaining matrix volume accounting
< 50%, slightly sour (5.5~6.8) pH after mixing, slightly sour environmental benefits are in the growth of alder root system.When transplanting, in control root container
The cave of a depth 20cm~40cm, diameter 30cm are dug in centre, and maternal plant is put into cave center, removes the sunshade net of package, backfills surface soil,
Every maternal plant pours 50 liters of water.
The size of control root container determines the space size of root growth, and therefore, the control root container of different size is to alder
The growth effect of maternal plant is very big.In order to obtain optimal control root containers size, the control root container provided with 9 kinds of specifications, respectively
A certain number of alder maternal plants are put into the control root container of same specification, and surviving for alder maternal plant is observed after 1 year (can normal rudiment pumping
Branch) quantity, survival rate can be calculated, survival rate is carried out after arcsin square root is converted using the advanced version of DPS16.05
Variance analysis and Multiple range test.
1 alder maternal plant control root containers size of table tests gauge outfit design
Survival rate the results of analysis of variance shows (table 2) that transplanting is poor in the alder maternal plant survival rate of different size control root container
It is different significant.There are extremely significant difference between the control root container diameter of different size, between the control root container height of different size
There are extremely significant differences, but control root container diameter and control the unobvious (P of reciprocation between root container heightA×B=0.066 >
0.05)。
2 alder maternal plant control root containers size of table tests the results of analysis of variance
| Source of variation | Quadratic sum | Freedom degree | It is square | F value | P value |
| Between A factor | 8.934 | 2 | 4.467 | 32.566 | 1.05E-06 |
| Between B factor | 5.6371 | 2 | 2.8185 | 20.548 | 2.26E-05 |
| AxB | 1.4598 | 4 | 0.365 | 2.661 | 0.066412 |
| Error | 2.469 | 18 | 0.1372 | ||
| Total variation | 18.4999 | 26 |
Further Multiple range test is it is found that 5,6,8,9 processing survival rates are significantly higher than other processing combinations.Its common spy
Point is control root container height in 100cm or more, it may be possible to which thicker filling substrate is conducive to root system activity, and height is 50cm
Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, the survival rates of 7 processing are between 46.67%~60%, although the diameters of 7 processing have 100mm, the growth down of root is empty
Between not enough affect the growth of aerial part, although can also sprout within 3 months sprouting out after transplanting, the depauperation of root causes
Shoot and young leaves are withered in July~August part, result in plant death；And the smallest 1~3 processing survival rate of container diameter is minimum,
Illustrate that vessel level space is unable to satisfy the needs of alder maternal plant root growth.
Therefore, the 5th, 6,8, No. 9 control root container is handled by maternal plant transplanting survival rate preliminary screening and is suitable for alder transplanting
Maternal plant existence.
3 alder maternal plant control root containers size of table tests Multiple range test
The selection of embodiment 2 optimum specifications control root container and optimal branch angle.
Spring in next year, the resting bud on trunk develop into coppice shoot, by the end of March~mid-April the optional time being set for as Their First Branch
Coppice shoot is selected, each direction retains 2~3 coppice shoots, and whole strain retains 16~24 coppice shoots altogether, remaining coppice shoot is cut from butt
Fall.By the end of August~September just carries out final election, trim determining branch to the branch that coppice shoot develops into, and it is tree-like to mould alder maternal plant, trimming
Principle be that every elite stand retains 6~8 Their First Branchs, the horizontal distance between each Their First Branch is consistent as far as possible, adjacent
The height of two branches is staggered, and guarantees there are enough growing spaces after branch is grown up.Remaining candidate branch is whole from butt
It cuts.
When Their First Branch it is long to 50cm~70cm long when, with 1cm wide poly- third Their First Branch separated branch base portion 30cm~40cm at
Alkene plastics rope makes a call to a slip-knot, and slip-knot diameter is 0.5cm~1cm longer than the branch diameter at binding place and cannot fasten, in order to avoid influence
The thickening of branch is grown.Perpendicular to the ground toward drop-down plastic ties, the branch elevation angle is reduced, when hand feels that branch screen resilience significantly increases
When stop acting and holding motionless, prevent from pulling apart branch.Finally, lower one end of polypropylene plastics rope is bundled in control root container
On, rope keeps tight state, and branch is fixed on current location.
It is said by 2~4 weeks vertical drawing branches when finding that polypropylene plastics rope becomes not stressing state from tight state
Bright branch at this time has been already adapted to current position, can unlock loose joint and carry out second of drawing branch.By 2 times~3 times drawing branches, one
The elevation angle of grade branch can achieve required range.Branch is laterally drawn by primary, that is, can reach the purpose of amendment branch direction.
Control root cultivation container and drawing branch processing are to inhibit alder nutrient growth, the key point of reproductive growth are improved, for sieve
The suitable control root containers size of choosing and branch angle, after elite stand transplanting, using completely randomized design, with containers size and La Zhijiao
Degree is factor, and specific processing mode combination is shown in
Table 4,3 repetitions of every processing, 4 plants of elite stands of every repetition, control root elite stand are placed on cement floor.
Draw branch current year (age of tree 4 years) primary branches i.e. formable, the Their First Branch of branch processing is drawn in second year (age of tree 5 years) part
Sprout second level branch out and a small amount of inflorescence, it is necessary to these be spent and all erased, to promote shoot vegetative to grow, established for coming year fruiting
Fixed basis.After autumn growth is formed, the shoot on the second level branch and mobile jib of vertical-growth is cut, and carry out to the second level branch of horizontal growth
Trimming, it is appropriate to reduce branch density.
After second level branch differentiates female flower and male flower, the male flower quantity and infructescence quantity of each second level branch of single plant elite stand are counted,
Calculate average male flower quantity and average infructescence quantity.Statistics is observed continuously 3 years, variance analysis is carried out using the advanced version of DPS16.05
And Multiple range test.
The result shows that (table 5), draws branch processing that can remarkably promote alder maternal plant reproductive growth.The 2nd year after the transplanting of maternal plant winter
Spring (age of tree 5 years), severe draw i.e. visible a small amount of bud on the maternal plant Their First Branch of branch processing (L1, L4, L7 and L10 processing) to divide
Change, these buds need to be erased all, to promote second level branch to sprout.(age of tree 6 years) visible a large amount of male inflorescence the 3rd year after transplanting
It is sprouted from second level branch, average germination rate is no less than 100 male inflorescences, and continuous 3 years holding high density are sprouted, quantity
Stablize, fluctuation is small, can provide enough pollen sources for pollination.The also synchronous sprouting of corresponding female flower, weight are developed with male flower
Degree draw branch when, the infructescence quantity respectively handled be also stabilized in 33/~38/.
The maternal plant of the processing such as slight L2, L5, L8, L11 for drawing branch also sprouts more in transplanting the 3rd year on second level branch
Male inflorescence, actual quantity be in 61/~71/section, transplant the 4th year, male flower quantity than previous year reduce 10
A or so, to transplanting the 5th year, male flower quantity was reduced to 40/or so, it has been observed that when slightly drawing branch, maternal plant nutrient growth
Certain restrictions is received, certain reproductive growth is shown, after Their First Branch setting, draws branch not cause to plant strain growth larger
It influences, latter 2 years, maternal plant showed biggish nutrient growth, and reproductive growth slows down, therefore male flower quantity is reduced.
The processing (L3, L6, L9, L12) of branch is not drawn just to initially enter reproductive growth, nothing until transplanting the 5th year (age of tree 8 years)
By being that average male flower quantity or average infructescence quantity have significant difference, but these compared with the processing of the drawing branch of current year
Alder advance flowering period 2~3 years of alder florescence of processing than nature.
Therefore, the reproductive growth of alder maternal plant in control root container can be remarkably promoted by drawing branch and controlling root, reach Blooming, knot
Real and stable yields purpose, severe draw branch significant effect to be better than slight drawing branch.Different vessels specification Multiple range test discovery, using severe
The average male flower number and average infructescence number for drawing 4 processing (L1, L4, L7, L10) of branch, in addition to the 3rd year average male flower number of transplanting
There is significant difference (less than remaining 3 processing of the average male flower number of L7 processing) outside, the average male flower number in remaining time and average fruit
Ordinal number does not have significant difference.Correlated results show to use diameter for 80~100cm, be highly 100~120cm control root
Container can reach good cultivate effect.
4 alder maternal plant control root containers size of table and branch angle test gauge outfit design
| Number | Containers size (diameter/height, cm) | Angle (°) after drawing branch |
| L1 | 80/100 | 0~20 (severe drawing branch) |
| L2 | 80/100 | 20~45 (slightly drawing branch) |
| L3 | 80/100 | 70~90 (non-treated) |
| L4 | 80/120 | 0~20 |
| L5 | 80/120 | 20~45 |
| L6 | 80/120 | 70~90 (non-treated) |
| L7 | 100/100 | 0~20 |
| L8 | 100/100 | 20~45 |
| L9 | 100/100 | 70~90 (non-treated) |
| L10 | 100/120 | 0~20 |
| L11 | 100/120 | 20~45 |
| L12 | 100/120 | 70~90 (non-treated) |
The influence of 5 alder maternal plant containers size of table and branch angle to reproductive growth year after year
Embodiment 3 controls root container placement position.
For the more different influences putting place and growing to alder maternal plant, tri- kinds of specifications of L4, L5, L6 in table 4 are selected
Container, is placed in mire, and number M4, M5, M6 are control with L4, L5, L6 on cement floor.M4, M5 processing mode and L4,
L5 is completely the same.It is high every the ground diameter of 12 months investigation maternal plants, tree after transplanting.
The result shows that the alder maternal plant nutrient growth for being placed on muddy ground is gradually vigorous such as table 6, different disposal after transplanting 2 years
Between alder maternal plant mean stand height have extremely significant difference, the alder maternal plant mean stand height for being placed on mire reaches 1.76m or more, 3
Nian Houshu high has been more than 2.5m.After transplanting 3 years, alder maternal plant be averaged the extremely significant difference of ground diameter appearance between different disposal.
It has been observed that the main root for being placed on mire alder maternal plant, which has grown control root container thoroughly, penetrates muddy ground after transplanting 2 years
It is interior, due to expanding source of nutrition, cause maternal plant nutrient growth extremely vigorous, control root container loses its purpose for controlling root.
Although the alder maternal plant for being placed on mire has also carried out drawing branch, the coppice shoot of First Year draws branch also tentatively to reach after transplanting
The effect of moulding is arrived, but second year starts, the branch front end drawn is easy up to grow, or sprouts from by the upper surface of drawing branch
Vertical branch out, causes tree-shaped to be destroyed, and the effect for drawing branch is not achieved.
Therefore, alder control root elite stand must be placed on cement floor, and can be only achieved reduces trunk infusion growth, mould tree-like
Purpose.
6 placement position of table is to alder maternal plant ground diameter and sets high influence
4 blooming period management of embodiment and tree-like maintenance.
The bud formed during the tree-like formation of maternal plant is erased without exception, to enhance the nutrient growth of tree body, is established for seed production
Fixed basis.It is tree-like that the severe that embodiment 4 is cultivated draws branch alder maternal plant to can be completed within 2 years (age of tree 6 years) after drawing branch processing, this
When Their First Branch base diameter up to 2~4cm, the long 2~3m of branch, 0.5~1cm of second level branch base diameter, the long 0.5~1m of branch.Tree body has extension
Fruit ability is not necessarily to flower thinning.
When spring and autumn leaf bud are sprouted, the leaf bud erased on trunk；Its trend is judged after leaf bud elongation on Their First Branch,
Cut the leaf bud of vertical-growth, the leaf bud of retention level growth to cultivate second level branch, second level branch it is long to 20~50cm long when, to life
Long spacing has the horizontal second level branch of overlapping to be trimmed, to reduce branch density.
Table 7 downgrades maternal plant compared with the thousand grain weigth of nature maternal plant, germination percentage
| Processing | Sample number | Average mass of 1000 kernel | Average germination percentage (%) |
| It downgrades Muchuan | 3 | 0.90±0.02a | 77.95±4.32a |
| Muchuan is natural | 3 | 0.89±0.02a | 72.23±3.16abc |
| It downgrades Xuanhan | 3 | 0.64±0.02c | 74.22±2.3ab |
| Xuanhan is natural | 3 | 0.63±0.03c | 67.24±4.27c |
| It downgrades Jintang | 3 | 0.73±0.01b | 71.16±4.2bc |
| Jintang is natural | 3 | 0.73±0.01b | 66.87±4.51c |
The dwarfing maternal plant seed and natural maternal plant seed for acquiring Muchuan, Xuanhan, Jintang, have detected mass of 1000 kernel and hair respectively
Bud rate, the results showed that, the seed of maternal plant production is downgraded in the formalness such as indexs such as Fig. 2, mass of 1000 kernel and germination percentage such as table 7 and kind
Source nature alder the produced seed of big tree compared to no significant difference.Illustrate to downgrade using the alder that this patent is cultivated
The effect of elite stand seed is consistent with the effect of nature alder seed.
Claims (5)
1. the breeding method of alder dwarfing maternal plant, which comprises the following steps:
(1) alder maternal plant selects
Mid or late December, from the fine individual plant of wildwood or seed forest on acquire seed, the nursery of spring in next year is conventional to cultivate to the
Three Nian Dongtian, the alder seedling for selecting growing way best downgrade the candidate single plant of maternal plant as cultivating；
(2) alder maternal plant cutting strunk is handled
Winter is from setting cutting strunk from high 50~80cm；Then centered on maternal plant base portion, 20~30cm of excavated diameter, depth 20~
The soil ball of 30cm wraps up soil ball with sunshade net；
(3) alder maternal plant transplanting control root container
The cave of deep 20~40cm, diameter 30cm are dug in control root container central location, maternal plant is put into, removes sunshade net, backfill surface soil,
Pour 50 liters of root waters；
(4) control root container puts management
Control root container should be put in cement flooring；
(5) trimming of alder maternal plant and drawing branch moulding
Spring resting bud is sprouted, and selectes Their First Branch candidate coppice shoot by the end of March~mid-April, and each direction retains 2~3 coppice shoots,
Whole strain retains 16~24 coppice shoots altogether；Just final election, every elite stand retain 6~8 Their First Branchs to by the end of August~September；When Their First Branch is long extremely
When 50~70cm long, branch moulding is drawn；
(6) blooming period management and tree-like maintenance
Maternal plant draws branch treated spring in next year, comprehensive flower thinning；After autumn growth is formed, vertical second level branch and mobile jib shoot are cut；
After maternal plant draws branch to handle 3 years, maternal plant enters production period, is not necessarily to flower thinning.
2. the breeding method that alder according to claim 1 downgrades maternal plant, which is characterized in that maternal plant described in step (1),
The specific requirement of selection: 3~7cm of ground diameter sets high 3~4m, and the logical straight degree height of trunk is without branch, no disease and pests harm.
3. the breeding method that alder according to claim 1 downgrades maternal plant, which is characterized in that control root described in step (3)
Container punches container for 80~100cm of diameter, high 100~120cm PVC, and 3~5mm of aperture, Kong Zhongxin control root container away from 5cm
Middle filling substrate be the seedling mediums such as vegetable garden soil, peat soil and coco bran, perlite mixture (great soil group volume accounting >=
50%, remaining matrix volume accounting < 50%, substrate pH are 5.5~6.8).
4. the breeding method that alder according to claim 1 downgrades maternal plant, which is characterized in that drawing branch described in step (5)
Moulding, including vertically draw branch and laterally draw branch, reduce the elevation angle of Their First Branch, section of the last elevation angle control at 0 °~20 °.
5. the breeding method that alder according to claim 4 downgrades maternal plant, which is characterized in that vertical described in step (5)
The method for drawing branch: making a call to a slip-knot with plastic ties at 30~40cm of Their First Branch separated branch base portion, perpendicular to the ground toward drop-down plastics
Rope, the other end of plastic ties are bundled on control root container, and rope keeps tight state；Plastic ties become not stressing state when, solution
It opens loose joint and carries out second of drawing；The lateral drawing branch, draws branch to be parallel to ground.
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