CN105027962A - Root and crown controlling cultivation method for large cherry trees - Google Patents
Root and crown controlling cultivation method for large cherry trees Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a root and crown controlling cultivation method for large cherry trees, and relates to the technical field of cherry tree cultivation. The method includes the following steps that step1, according to land selection, a planting site at the plateau warm and cool region is selected, wherein the elevation ranges from 1800 m to 2400 m ; step2, seedling selection is performed; step3, root-controlling field planting is performed; step4, trunk heading is performed for the first time; step5, first layers of fruit-bearing branch groups are cultivated; step6, trunk heading is performed for the second time; step7, second layers of fruit-bearing branch groups are cultivated; step8, trunk heading is performed for the third time; step9, third layers of fruit-bearing groups are cultivated; step10, trunk heading is performed for the fourth time; step11, fourth layers of fruit-bearing branch groups are cultivated; step12, shaping is performed. The cultivation method has the advantages that the method can regulate and control root systems and enable lateral roots to be thick and short, the photosynthesis of tree crowns is sufficient, the time for cultivating the fruit-bearing branch groups is shortened by 1-2 years, planting density is high, the land area is saved, and the yield of cherries can be obviously increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit tree cultivation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of large cherry control root control hat cultivation method.Background technology
Large cherry also claims car li son, refers to the import cherry of the large skin depth originating in the American States such as the U.S., Canada, Chile, does not refer to and although China also has introducing a fine variety of car li sub-fruit tree at present, also do not form scale by the cherry that a cuticle is thin.Prior art discloses a kind of implantation methods (application publication number CN104115721A) of cherry, being preced with to surely dry control the technical measures taked in cultivation management step disclosed in it is: before rudiment in spring or after fall foliage, transplant 1 year raw grafting finished product seedling; Main breed and pollinated variety ratio 3 ~ 5:1, take free spindle shaping, after field planting, First Year is fixed dry in about 80cm place, by the trimming and finishing of continuous 3 years, around in dry layered configuration or spiral the major branch of raw 15 ~ 20 uniaxial extensions, form few backbone, racemosus group, rudimentary time, the differential tree management of height; The height of tree about 3 meters, in dry uprightly tall and straight, the long 150 ~ 200cm of base portion major branch, angle 70 ~ 85 degree, middle and upper part major branch grows 100 ~ 150cm, angle 80 ~ 90 degree.The height of tree 3 meters after the present invention is surely dry, tree-like higher, and also major branch is longer, and the seeding row spacing between car li son controls at 3m × 4m, the illuminance of guarantee tree crown, because this reducing the availability in soil, makes planting density reduction, per mu yield reduction.
Prior art also discloses a kind of cultural method (application publication number CN104255365A) of cherry fruit bearing shoot, the whole incubation of this method needs to complete for 4 years, as the 1st year that cultivates from the 3rd year or the 4th year of cherry plantation, within 1st year, send fruit bearing shoot from bearing basal shoot, fruit bearing shoot is made to be evenly distributed on bearing basal shoot both sides, distance between the one-sided fruit bearing shoot of bearing basal shoot is 60-80cm, allows the abundant light of fruit bearing shoot.The method fruit bearing shoot distributes in order, and most of fruit bearing shoot light is good, and damage by disease and insect occurs few, and easily, Pesticide use amount is also few for laxative.But this cultural method incubation time reaches 4 years, counted from the 3rd year or the 4th year of cherry plantation, need 7-8 altogether, therefore consuming time oversize, be unfavorable for high yield and improve peasant economy income.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned weak point of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide can regulate and control root system, make that side root shape is thick and short, tree crown photosynthesis fully, fruit-bearing shoot cluster incubation time shortens 1-2 and planting density is high, Economization on land area, can significantly improve the control root control hat cultivation method of the large cherry of cherry output.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of control root control hat cultivation method of large cherry, is characterized in that: the step comprising following order:
(1) selection of land: select height above sea level in the place of planting in the cool area of temperature, 1800-2400m plateau;
(2) seedling is selected: the large cherry high-quality nutritious bag seedlings of selection 1-2 life, plant height 100-140cm, strain footpath 0.8-2cm or bareroot seedling;
(3) root field planting is controlled: smooth place of planting, rule according to line-spacing 1.2m × spacing in the rows 0.8m, control root container is put according to the requirement location of seeding row spacing, large cherry seedling is transplanted annual December to the February of next year, first substrate soil is put into control root container during transplanting to tramp with one's feet reality, then by the large cherry planting seedlings got ready in the middle of control root container, the grafting mouth of large cherry seedling and to control the opening of root container concordant, after field planting well, flood pouring, makes substrate soil and tree root combine closely;
(4) first time is fixed dry: carry out first time surely to do from the above 40cm of grafting mouth 1 full bud of selecting and remain after large cherry field planting; Erase the 2-3 bud on top after fixed dry, retain the 1st bud, allow its continued growth, reduce apical dominance, be convenient to the ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultivating base portion;
(5) ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated: until after growing 2-3 stout and strong branches 6-July in the middle part of trunk, wipe out after branch base portion is retained 2-3 buds, make it send multiple thin and delicate branch to cultivate as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster, do not control the growth of result major branch, do not cultivate side shoot, adopt the mode pulling down branch to make the angle of the one-sided result major branch of ground floor and trunk be 120 degree;
(6) second time is fixed dry: before Second Year beginning of spring, it is fixed dry that 1 full bud of selecting and remain at distance ground floor result major branch 40cm place carries out second time, determines the 2-3 bud not erasing top after doing, strengthen apical dominance, weaken ground floor result major branch growing way, form flower bud differentiation;
(7) second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated: until after 6-7 month trunk top grows 2-3 stout and strong branches, retain top the 1st branch, wipe out after 2-3 branch base portion is retained 2-3 buds, make it send multiple thin and delicate branch to cultivate as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, do not control the growth of result major branch, do not cultivate side shoot, adopt the mode pulling down branch to make the angle of the one-sided result major branch of the second layer and trunk be 120 degree;
(8) third time is fixed dry: the method repeating Second Year on the 3rd year is done surely;
(9) third layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated: the cultural method repeating second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, but control result major branch grows to 60cm, does not cultivate side shoot, adopts the mode pulling down branch to make the angle of the one-sided result major branch of third layer and trunk be 120 degree;
(10) the 4th times fixed dry: the method repeating Second Year on the 4th year is done surely;
(11) the 4th layers of fruit-bearing shoot cluster are cultivated: the cultural method repeating second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, but control result major branch grows to 40cm, does not cultivate side shoot, adopts the mode pulling down branch to make the angle of the 4th layer of one-sided result major branch and trunk be 90 degree;
(12) formalize: when the height of tree is more than 2 meters, trunk top is wiped out or evened up, finally form top result branch short, the sagging spindle of lower elongate result branch is tree-like.
The present invention is obtained after the substrate soil described in the field planting of step (3) control root is mixed by the 40% pine nut cot become thoroughly decomposed, 30% soil, 20% farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed and 10% turfy soil by weight percentage, the described pine nut cot become thoroughly decomposed is after being pulverized by pine nut cot, water-sprinkling adds microbial bacterial agent, covers tightly after compacting is fermented 30 days obtain after accumulation with Polypropylence Sheet.
The control root container of the present invention described in the field planting of step (3) control root is non-woven bag, and described non-woven bag is wide is 60-80cm, and height is 50-60cm.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention has:
1, can high-density planting, both Economization on land, not destroyed land resource, discarded sandy beach can also be utilized, wasteland cultivates.After carrying out the process of control root by non-woven bag, make root growth shallow and concentrated, the nutrition that the abundant absorption base of energy and rich water quality management phase provide, make large cherry result major branch fully can absorb nutrition, result major branch tubbiness, fruit quality are improved, and grow in non-woven bag due to root system, generally can not grow in ground, therefore land resources is not destroyed, and the soil not requirement to place of planting, can plant on sandy beach, wasteland, even concrete floor.In addition, after carrying out line field planting, can realize high-density planting according to line-spacing 1.2m × spacing in the rows 0.8m, 550-560 strain large cherry can be planted in every mu of soil, can many cultivation 500 strains than conventional field production every mu, output increased 1000kg.
2, tree-likely obtain downgrading, tree crown is compact, photosynthesis is abundant, result morning, the achievement phase shifts to an earlier date 1-2, and fruit quality is good.Control techniques after short before the present invention adopts on the physiology of large cherry flower bud differentiation, namely the 2-3 bud erasing top after doing is determined for the first time, retain the 1st bud continued growth, but determine the 2-3 bud not erasing top after doing for the second time, strengthen apical dominance, weaken ground floor result major branch growing way, form flower bud differentiation, the growth of tree body can be undertaken by the developmental process of bearing tree, plant when year's harvest bud so then, Second Year achievement, 3rd, within 4 years, just can realize high yield, fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultivate can from after field planting then just, four layers of fruit-bearing shoot cluster are cultivated and are only needed 3 years, within 4th year, bind, and tree-likely to be downgraded, the height of tree only has 1.8-2m.In addition, the present invention is by after controlling the length of each layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, angle, and fruit light is good, and without thorax in shading really, fruit size is even, pol is high, painted rich and gaudy, greatly improves fruit quality.The large cherry iron-holder of the present invention's cultivation, on average up to 6.1%, exceeds 1.5% than the iron-holder of the conventional variety that market is sold, and pol, on average up to 26-32 degree, exceeds 8-16 degree than the pol of the conventional variety that market is sold.
3, substrate soil is loose, nutrition is reasonable, is conducive to big cherry root and grows.Substrate soil of the present invention is obtained after being mixed by the pine nut cot become thoroughly decomposed, soil, the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed and turfy soil, the pine nut cot become thoroughly decomposed can keep the gas porosity of matrix, and the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed and turfy soil can provide sufficient organic matter to large cherry, the substrate soil content of organic matter of the present invention reaches more than 30%, can promote that big cherry root grows demand, both the needs of large cherry growth to macroelement nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium had been met, also ensure that its demand to trace element fertilizer, add soil permeability, strengthen soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation performance.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but be not limited to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1, a control root control hat cultivation method for large cherry, is characterized in that: the step comprising following order:
(1) selection of land: select height above sea level in the place of planting in the cool area of temperature, 2000m plateau, place of planting can be land for growing field crops, discarded sandy beach, wasteland.
(2) seedling is selected: the large cherry high-quality nutritious bag seedlings selecting life in 1 year, plant height 100cm, strain footpath 0.8cm, requires that seedling growth is healthy and strong, without damage by disease and insect.
(3) root field planting is controlled: smooth place of planting, rule according to line-spacing 1.2m × spacing in the rows 0.8m, control root container is put according to the requirement location of line-spacing, spacing in the rows, large cherry seedling was transplanted annual December, first substrate soil is put into control root container during transplanting to tramp with one's feet reality, then by the large cherry planting seedlings got ready in the middle of control root container, the grafting mouth of large cherry seedling and to control the opening of root container concordant, after field planting well, flood pouring, makes substrate soil and tree root combine closely.The present embodiment substrate soil used is obtained after being mixed by the pine nut cot become thoroughly decomposed, soil, the farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed and turfy soil, pine nut cot 40%, soil 30%, the farmyard manure 20% become thoroughly decomposed, turfy soil 10% by weight percentage for becoming thoroughly decomposed, the described pine nut cot become thoroughly decomposed is after being pulverized by pine nut cot, water-sprinkling adds " Gu Lin " board organic matter decomposing inoculant produced by Shanghai Lianye Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., compacting is covered tightly with Polypropylence Sheet after accumulation, ferment and obtain after 30 days, its content of organic matter of prefabricated substrate soil is more than 30%, and pH value is 6.8.
(4) first time is fixed dry: carry out first time surely to do from the above 40cm of grafting mouth 1 full bud of selecting and remain after large cherry field planting; Erase the 2-3 bud on top after fixed dry, retain the 1st bud, allow its continued growth, reduce apical dominance, be convenient to the ground floor result major branch cultivating base portion.
(5) ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated: until after growing 2-3 stout and strong branches in the middle part of trunk at the beginning of 7 months, wipe out after branch base portion is retained 2-3 buds, make it send multiple thin and delicate branch to cultivate as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster, do not control the growth of result major branch, do not cultivate side shoot, adopt the mode pulling down branch to make the angle of the one-sided result major branch of ground floor and trunk be 120 degree.
(6) second time is fixed dry: before Second Year beginning of spring, it is fixed dry that 1 full bud of selecting and remain at distance ground floor result major branch 40cm place carries out second time, determines the 2-3 bud not erasing top after doing, strengthen apical dominance, weaken ground floor result major branch growing way, form flower bud differentiation.
(7) second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated: until after trunk top at the beginning of 7 months grows 2-3 stout and strong branches, retain top the 1st branch, wipe out, make it send multiple thin and delicate branch and cultivate as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster after 2-3 branch base portion is retained 2-3 buds; Do not control the growth of result major branch, do not cultivate side shoot, adopt the mode pulling down branch to make the angle of the one-sided result major branch of the second layer and trunk be 120 degree.
(8) third time is fixed dry: the method repeating Second Year on the 3rd year is done surely.
(9) third layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated: the cultural method repeating second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, but control result major branch grows to 60cm, does not cultivate side shoot, adopts the mode pulling down branch to make the angle of the one-sided result major branch of third layer and trunk be 120 degree.
(10) the 4th times fixed dry: the method repeating Second Year on the 4th year is done surely.
(11) the 4th layers of fruit-bearing shoot cluster are cultivated: the cultural method repeating second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, but control result major branch grows to 40cm, does not cultivate side shoot, adopts the mode pulling down branch to make the angle of the 4th layer of one-sided result major branch and trunk be 90 degree.
(12) formalize: when trunk top is wiped out or evened up more than during 2m by the height of tree, finally form top result branch short, the sagging spindle of lower elongate result branch is tree-like.
Large cherry of the present invention is planted when year's harvest bud then, Second Year achievement, just can realize in third and fourth year getting bumper crops, and is tree-likely downgraded, and the height of tree only has 2m, than the tree-like short 1-2m of routine.And fruit light is good, fruit size is even, iron-holder is high, pol is high, painted rich and gaudy, greatly improves fruit quality.
After testing, the large cherry iron-holder of the present embodiment cultivation is on average up to 6.1%, and higher than the iron-holder of the conventional variety that market is sold by 1.5%, pol is on average up to 30 degree, higher than the pol of the conventional variety that market is sold 15 degree.Large cherry look gorgeous skin depth, flesh firmness are high, thick flavor, few sweet many, the excellent taste of acid.
The present embodiment can plant 560 strain large cherry on every mu of soil, than conventional field production every mu many cultivations 500 strain, plantation cultivation after 3 years per mu yield reach 1100kg, 4th year high yield period, per mu yield reached 2200kg, high yield period shifts to an earlier date 2 years than general planting method, high yield period output increased 1000kg, calculate by southern car li son 100 yuan/kg market flat fare in 2015, every mu can increasing benefit 100,000 yuan.
Embodiment 2
(1) selection of land: select height above sea level in the place of planting in the cool area of temperature, 2400m plateau, place of planting can be land for growing field crops, discarded sandy beach, wasteland;
(2) seedling is selected: the large cherry high-quality bareroot seedling selecting life in 2 years, plant height 140cm, strain footpath 2cm, requires that seedling growth is healthy and strong, without damage by disease and insect;
(3) control root field planting: smooth place of planting, rule according to line-spacing 1.2m × spacing in the rows 0.8m, put control root container according to the requirement location of line-spacing, spacing in the rows, large cherry seedling was transplanted the February of next year, and all the other are with embodiment 1;
All the other steps are with embodiment 1.
After testing, the present embodiment cultivation large cherry gather after iron-holder on average up to 6.2%, higher than the iron-holder of the conventional variety that market is sold by 1.6%, pol is on average up to 32 degree, higher than the pol of the conventional variety that market is sold 18 degree.Large cherry look gorgeous skin depth, flesh firmness are high, thick flavor, few sweet many, the excellent taste of acid.
Claims (3)
1. a control root control hat cultivation method for large cherry, is characterized in that: the step comprising following order:
(1) selection of land: select height above sea level in the place of planting in the cool area of temperature, 1800-2400m plateau;
(2) seedling is selected: the large cherry high-quality nutritious bag seedlings of selection 1-2 life, plant height 100-140cm, strain footpath 0.8-2cm or bareroot seedling;
(3) root field planting is controlled: smooth place of planting, rule according to line-spacing 1.2m × spacing in the rows 0.8m, control root container is put according to the requirement location of seeding row spacing, large cherry seedling is transplanted annual December to the February of next year, first substrate soil is put into control root container during transplanting to tramp with one's feet reality, then by the large cherry planting seedlings got ready in the middle of control root container, the grafting mouth of large cherry seedling and to control the opening of root container concordant, after field planting well, flood pouring, makes substrate soil and tree root combine closely;
(4) first time is fixed dry: carry out first time surely to do from the above 40cm of grafting mouth 1 full bud of selecting and remain after large cherry field planting; Erase the 2-3 bud on top after fixed dry, retain the 1st bud, allow its continued growth, reduce apical dominance, be convenient to the ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster cultivating base portion;
(5) ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated: until after growing 2-3 stout and strong branches 6-July in the middle part of trunk, wipe out after branch base portion is retained 2-3 buds, make it send multiple thin and delicate branch to cultivate as ground floor fruit-bearing shoot cluster, do not control the growth of result major branch, do not cultivate side shoot, adopt the mode pulling down branch to make the angle of the one-sided result major branch of ground floor and trunk be 120 degree;
(6) second time is fixed dry: before Second Year beginning of spring, it is fixed dry that 1 full bud of selecting and remain at distance ground floor result major branch 40cm place carries out second time, determines the 2-3 bud not erasing top after doing, strengthen apical dominance, weaken ground floor result major branch growing way, form flower bud differentiation;
(7) second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated: until after 6-7 month trunk top grows 2-3 stout and strong branches, retain top the 1st branch, wipe out after 2-3 branch base portion is retained 2-3 buds, make it send multiple thin and delicate branch to cultivate as second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, do not control the growth of result major branch, do not cultivate side shoot, adopt the mode pulling down branch to make the angle of the one-sided result major branch of the second layer and trunk be 120 degree;
(8) third time is fixed dry: the method repeating Second Year on the 3rd year is done surely;
(9) third layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster is cultivated: the cultural method repeating second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, but control result major branch grows to 60cm, does not cultivate side shoot, adopts the mode pulling down branch to make the angle of the one-sided result major branch of third layer and trunk be 120 degree;
(10) the 4th times fixed dry: the method repeating Second Year on the 4th year is done surely;
(11) the 4th layers of fruit-bearing shoot cluster are cultivated: the cultural method repeating second layer fruit-bearing shoot cluster, but control result major branch grows to 40cm, does not cultivate side shoot, adopts the mode pulling down branch to make the angle of the 4th layer of one-sided result major branch and trunk be 90 degree;
(12) formalize: when the height of tree is more than 2 meters, trunk top is wiped out or evened up, finally form top result branch short, the sagging spindle of lower elongate result branch is tree-like.
2. the control root control hat cultivation method of a kind of large cherry according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: obtained after the substrate soil described in the field planting of step (3) control root is mixed by the 40% pine nut cot become thoroughly decomposed, 30% soil, 20% farmyard manure become thoroughly decomposed and 10% turfy soil by weight percentage, the described pine nut cot become thoroughly decomposed is after being pulverized by pine nut cot, water-sprinkling adds microbial bacterial agent, covers tightly after compacting is fermented 30 days obtain after accumulation with Polypropylence Sheet.
3. the control root control hat cultivation method of a kind of large cherry according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the control root container described in the field planting of step (3) control root is non-woven bag, and non-woven bag is wide is 60-80cm, and height is 50-60cm.
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| CN107223524A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-10-03 | 宾川县华侨庄园农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of plateau rose honey and grape plantation ridge formula control root technology |
| CN107278466A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-10-24 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of method for building up in removable orchard |
| CN108812016A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-16 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | A kind of transplanting implantation methods of cherry seedlings |
| CN108812016B (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2021-02-12 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Transplanting planting method for cherry big seedlings |
| CN109511414A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-03-26 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | The breeding method of alder dwarfing maternal plant |
| CN110604001A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2019-12-24 | 大理市人间仙境农业开发有限公司 | Chinese cherry planting method capable of limiting root system |
| CN110604001B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2022-01-18 | 大理市人间仙境农业开发有限公司 | Chinese cherry planting method capable of limiting root system |
| CN111919657A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-11-13 | 河北垣道农业开发有限公司 | Greenhouse ecological cherry cultivation method |
| CN112616540A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-09 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Lithocarpus litseifolius pruning process |
| CN115735662A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-03-07 | 程启明 | Method for preparing high-density nano Li Chongzhi |
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