CN104170557A - Method for promoting rapid and efficient germination of Chinese cherry seeds - Google Patents
Method for promoting rapid and efficient germination of Chinese cherry seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN104170557A CN104170557A CN201410360527.5A CN201410360527A CN104170557A CN 104170557 A CN104170557 A CN 104170557A CN 201410360527 A CN201410360527 A CN 201410360527A CN 104170557 A CN104170557 A CN 104170557A
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for promoting rapid and efficient germination of Chinese cherry seeds, which relates to the field of seed processing, and is capable of increasing the germination rate of the Chinese cherry seeds, and shortening the breeding or seedling time of the cherry. The method comprises the steps of after cherry is in full maturity, collecting fruits and removing surface pulp, washing by normal-temperature water, washing, airing kernels to obtain clean kernels, and arranging the clean kernels into a refrigerator at 4 DEG C for later use; removing the hulls of the clean kernels, or removing the hulls and then stripping seed coats coating plumular axes, then uniformly arranging the clean kernels in a container paved with two layers of wet towels, then covering two layers of wet towels with the same humidity, inducing for 5-7 days in an environment at 0-4 DEG C, taking out seeds and sowing in a seedbed according to plant and row spacing being 2*3cm, culturing for 3-6 days at normal temperature, and germinating; when the unfolded seedlings of the main leaves of seedlings are 3-5cm high, spraying 0.2% monopotassium phosphate solution on leaf surfaces every seven days, and planting the seedlings in a field when the seedlings grow to be more than 15cm high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seed treatment field, relate in particular to a kind of rapidly and efficiently method of Germination And Seedling of cherry seed that promotes.
Background technology
Cherry is listing in spring fruit the earliest, is regulating fresh fruit market supply in dull season, and meeting people's living needs aspect has special effect.Its fruit colour is bright-coloured, and sparkling and crystal-clear beauty is nutritious, and outward appearance and interior quality are all good, is described as " treasure in fruit ", have the good reputation in " really first of spring ".
After drupe class seed collection, there is a longer resting stage, only could germination and growth after seed breaking dormancy.Cherry is because fruit development period is short, from blooming, to fruit maturation, only need about 40 days, easily occur embryo not grown fully and cause percentage of seedgermination lower, and seed dormancy is chronic, these biological propertyes are serious bottlenecks for the sprouting ahead of time of hybrid seedling and the cultivation of good nursery stock always, and have seriously limited to a certain extent people to the research of these good species and utilization.For this reason, forefathers have done more exploratory development to the dormancy mechanism of cherry seed, jointly think that cherry seed only has ability breaking dormancy after the cold stratification of long period, Germination And Seedling, particularly, cherry at least needs 100-180d, the sweet cherry of nearly edge, downy cherry fruit and sour cherry etc. need the longer time, need respectively 150d,, 180-240d and 200-300d, even and if carry out embryo culture, must could produce normal test-tube plantlet through the low temperature treatment of 40d at least, and cost and specification requirement are higher.
Traditional method of breaking cherry seed dormancy promotion rudiment mainly contains conventional lamination and processes and process with gibberellin.Wherein conventional lamination method is that the cherry under just adopting is removed to pulp, after cleaning in 3 parts of wet husky ratios of 1 part of seed Tibetan of wetting immediately.Before frozen ground, take out seed, lamination is in overhead locating about 20cm, and Yu Yichun sows in vernalization.The method be most widely used general be also effective method.But seed treatment program is complicated, time-consuming taking a lot of work, and during wet Tibetan on the occasion of hot and humid summer, the easy moldy metamorphism of seed, for crossbreeding, the cycle is also longer.And gibberellin facture is to adopt certain density gibberellin to process seed for different cherry types to promote the method for sprouting with breaking dormancy, but the method need to be explored different concentration for different cherry types, and rudiment and planting percent also relatively low, cost is also higher.
Therefore, although forefathers make some progress breaking aspect cherry seed dormancy, these technology are all more time-consuming, and effort, is difficult to produce a desired effect, and the more important thing is that germination rate is also lower.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of promote cherry seed fast, the method for economic, efficient Germination And Seedling, improving its germination rate simultaneously, greatly shortened breeding (growing seedlings) time.
A kind ofly promote that the cherry seed technical scheme that rapidly and efficiently method of Germination And Seedling is concrete is as follows:
A. after cherry full maturity, gather cherry fruit and remove its surperficial pulp acquisition fruit stone, with drying fruit stone surface moisture after normal-temperature water washing, obtain clean fruit stone, be placed in 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby;
B. clean fruit stone shell standby in steps A is cracked, remove shell, or peel off again the kind skin that is coated with plumular axis after removing shell; By shell or remove the peel after seed be evenly placed in the container that is covered with two-layer wet towel, then cover the wet towel of two-layer same humidity in the above, be placed under the environment of 0 ℃-4 ℃ and induce 5-7 days, to most of seed base-root, sprout.
C. take out the seed after bringing out and be seeded on the kind bed of having completed by the seeding row spacing of 2 * 3cm, under normal temperature condition, cultivating 3-6 days, sprouting is emerged; Described normal temperature is 23-28 ℃;
D. when seedling true leaf expansion height of seedling reaches 3-5cm, every the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of blade face spray in 7 days a time 0.2%, until seedling is colonizated in field after growing to more than 15cm.
Optionally, the clean fruit stone of collecting in steps A for step B, was placed on 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby in 2-3 days; If surpass 3 days for step B, the damp sand of the fruit stone of collecting and water content 30%-40% or vermiculite are mixed in the ratio of 1: 3 to be placed on 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby.
While optionally, removing fruit stone shell in step B, can not injure seed; The kind skin that only need peel off one end that plumular axis sprouts when peelling off kind of skin, control injures embryo.
Optionally, the wet towel described in step B is before use through autoclaving 25min at the temperature of 121 ℃, and the water content of described wet towel is 35%-45% (being preferably 40%), during step B, should check towel humidity every day, and changes in time towel.
Optionally, the kind bed described in step C is laid and is formed by vermiculite, if the vermiculite of planting on bed is that new vermiculite is without sterilization; Otherwise vermiculite carries out disinfection with 800 times of liquid of carbendazim and 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl before use, the upper vermiculite thickness of described kind bed is 10cm left and right; Should strictly control the humidity of kind of bed during this period, make its humidity remain on the water content of 40%-50%.
Optionally, the standard that the seed germination described in step C is emerged is that hypocotyl growth length is greater than 3mm.
The promotion cherry seed that technique scheme provides is the method for Germination And Seedling rapidly and efficiently, according to method of the present invention, seed is carried out to skin breaking, 0 ℃ of-4 ℃ of low temperature induction after 7 days, when cultivating germination rate after 3 days can reach 75%, 9 day on normal temperature kind bed, most of seedling true leaf launches.From seed collection, only need within 30-40 days, get final product seedling, more than height of seedling reaches 15cm, planting percent can reach more than 80%, and conventional method needs the time of 10 months from seed collection to seedling, and planting percent is also lower.Therefore adopt method of the present invention can greatly save that cherry is grown seedlings or breeding time.And method provided by the invention is without special instruments and equipment and other plant growth regulator, and simple to operate, cost is low, and germination rate and planting percent are all higher.
In addition, according to method provided by the invention, after cherry seed collection, can directly process and carry out Germination And Seedling, without hiding lamination through the sand of long period, process, thus less part seed in level processing procedure rot and rotten, improve seed availability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the seed low temperature induction situation diagram of shelling;
Fig. 2 sows the sprouting situation diagram of 3 days for 7 days afterwards for cultivating cherry seed low temperature induction;
Fig. 3 is the sprouting situation diagram that wild Chinese cherry seed low temperature induction is sowed 6 days for 7 days afterwards;
Fig. 4 is the sprouting situation diagram that wild Chinese cherry seed low temperature induction is sowed 9 days for 7 days afterwards;
Fig. 5 sows the situation of the emerging diagram of 18 days for 7 days afterwards for hybridizing cherry seed low temperature induction.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiment based in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of rapidly and efficiently method of Germination And Seedling of cherry seed that promotes, its detailed step is described below and is:
A. after cherry full maturity, gather respectively and cultivate each 1800 of cherry (Yaan red cherry) seed, wild Chinese cherry (Yaan Zhou Gongshan) seed and cherry hybrid seeds (No. 2 * Luding of small stream, wild osmanthus red cherry), remove surperficial pulp, with drying fruit stone surface moisture after normal-temperature water washing, be placed in 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby.
B. in 2-3 days, ready clean fruit stone being divided into 3 equal portions, is 3 processing, 200 every part, and minute 3 repetitions.Wherein first part is contrast, decapsidate not, second part cracks fruit stone shell with hammer or pliers, note being sure not to injure seed, after the 3rd part of removal shell (endocarp), peel off again the kind skin of coated plumular axis, then all seeds are evenly placed on and are covered with in the two-layer iron pan that has passed through autoclaved wet towel, cover again the towel of two-layer same humidity in the above, towel humidity is controlled at the water content of 35%-45% (being preferably 40%), then be placed under the environment of 0 ℃-4 ℃ and induce 7 days, note should strictly controlling during this humidity of towel, until most of seed base-root is sprouted.
C. take out Germinating Seeds and be seeded on the kind bed that the sterile vermiculite of prior use completes (this with 16 * 14 nutritive cube) by 2 * 3cm seeding row spacing, vermiculite thickness is 8-12cm, preferably 10cm.Under normal temperature condition, (23-28 ℃) cultivates 9 days, the germinative number of adding up every day, and calculate germination rate.Should strictly control the humidity of kind of bed during this period, make its humidity remain on the water content of 40%-50%.
D. when seedling true leaf expansion height of seedling reaches 3-5cm, every the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of blade face spray in 7 days a time 0.2%, until seedling is colonizated in field after growing to more than 15cm, add up planting percent.
Key data is assembled opinion:
Table 1 has provided the sprouting situation of different cherry seeds after different disposal method that adopts in step B.Visible at the fully ripe rear seed of collecting of cherry fruit, be seeded in after inducing 7 days under the environment of 0 ℃-4 ℃ on the kind bed that the sterile vermiculite of prior use completes being placed in through skin breaking and broken shell and the seed that goes kind of skin to process, under normal temperature condition (23-28 ℃) cultivate germination rate after 9 days and final planting percent all the utmost point be significantly higher than the not seed of skin breaking.And the interseminal germination rate of dissimilar cherry and planting percent difference little, specifically as shown in table 1.
With regard to sprouting time, the seed of not broken shell is not sprouted after low temperature induction yet, and the seed of skin breaking is the highest at the germination rate of after planting 4 days through low temperature induction 7 days, and broken shell goes the germination rate at after planting 3 days of kind of skin the highest.And the 2-5 days that germinates and focus mostly on after planting, specifically as shown in table 2.
Table 1, different cherry seed germination rate and the planting percent statistics under different disposal
Table 2, the germination process of different cherry seed under different disposal
For the seed without skin breaking, 0 ℃ of-4 ℃ of low temperature induction after 7 days, the germination rate of cultivating on normal temperature kind bed after 9 days is 0; And according to method of the present invention, seed is carried out to skin breaking, 0 ℃ of-4 ℃ of low temperature induction after 7 days, when cultivating germination rate after 3 days can reach 75%, 9 day on normal temperature kind bed, most of seedling true leaf launches.From seed collection, only need within 30-40 days, get final product seedling, more than height of seedling reaches 15cm, planting percent can reach more than 80%.And conventional method needs the time of 10 months from seed collection to seedling in prior art, and planting percent is also lower.Therefore adopt method of the present invention can improve planting percent, and greatly save that cherry is grown seedlings or breeding time.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion by the described protection domain with claim.
Claims (6)
1. promote a rapidly and efficiently method for Germination And Seedling of cherry seed, it is characterized in that, comprising:
A. after cherry full maturity, gather cherry fruit and remove its surperficial pulp acquisition fruit stone, with drying fruit stone surface moisture after normal-temperature water washing, obtain clean fruit stone, be placed in 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby;
B. clean fruit stone shell standby in steps A is cracked, remove shell, or peel off again the kind skin that is coated with plumular axis after removing shell; By shell or remove the peel after seed be evenly placed in the container that is covered with two-layer wet towel, then cover the wet towel of two-layer same humidity in the above, be placed under the environment of 0 ℃-4 ℃ and induce 5-7 days;
C. take out the seed after bringing out and be seeded on the kind bed of having completed by the seeding row spacing of 2 * 3cm, under normal temperature condition, cultivating 3-6 days, sprouting is emerged; Described normal temperature is 23-28 ℃;
D. when seedling true leaf expansion height of seedling reaches 3-5cm, every the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of blade face spray in 7 days a time 0.2%, until seedling is colonizated in field after growing to more than 15cm.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the clean fruit stone of collecting in steps A for step B, was placed on 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby in 2-3 days; If surpass 3 days for step B, the damp sand of the fruit stone of collecting and water content 30%-40% or vermiculite are mixed in the ratio of 1: 3 to be placed on 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, while removing fruit stone shell in step B, can not injure seed; The kind skin that only need peel off one end that plumular axis sprouts when peelling off kind of skin, control injures embryo.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the wet towel described in step B is before use through autoclaving 25min at the temperature of 121 ℃, and the water content of described wet towel is 35%-45%, during step B, should check towel humidity every day, and change in time towel.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the kind bed described in step C is laid and formed by vermiculite, if the vermiculite of planting on bed is that new vermiculite is without sterilization; Otherwise vermiculite carries out disinfection with 800 times of liquid of carbendazim and 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl before use, the upper vermiculite thickness of described kind bed is 8-12cm; Should strictly control the humidity of kind of bed during this period, make its humidity remain on the water content of 40%-50%.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the standard that the seed germination described in step C is emerged is that hypocotyl growth length is greater than 3mm.
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| CN105027962A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-11-11 | 洱源县印象林果庄园有限公司 | Root and crown controlling cultivation method for large cherry trees |
| CN105284234A (en) * | 2015-09-26 | 2016-02-03 | 大连市农业科学研究院 | Method for increasing germination rate of sweet cherry seeds |
| CN107079634A (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-08-22 | 周兴虎 | A kind of flowering cherry seed poison-removing method |
| CN107258141A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-10-20 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of germination method of plum blossom seed |
| CN107820777A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-03-23 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of method for improving peach seeds germination rate |
| CN108901575A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-11-30 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of three step cultivating methods improving cherry hybrid planting percent and precocity fruiting |
| CN111602550A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-09-01 | 普洱大华林业科技有限公司 | Artificial seedling raising method using taxus chinensis seeds |
| CN114982560A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-02 | 河北双星种业股份有限公司 | Method for raising seedlings by utilizing sunflower young seeds |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105027962A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-11-11 | 洱源县印象林果庄园有限公司 | Root and crown controlling cultivation method for large cherry trees |
| CN105027962B (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-05-03 | 洱源县印象林果庄园有限公司 | Root and crown controlling cultivation method for large cherry trees |
| CN105284234A (en) * | 2015-09-26 | 2016-02-03 | 大连市农业科学研究院 | Method for increasing germination rate of sweet cherry seeds |
| CN105284234B (en) * | 2015-09-26 | 2017-10-03 | 大连市农业科学研究院 | A kind of method for improving sweet cherry percentage of seedgermination |
| CN107079634A (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-08-22 | 周兴虎 | A kind of flowering cherry seed poison-removing method |
| CN107258141A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-10-20 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of germination method of plum blossom seed |
| CN107820777A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-03-23 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of method for improving peach seeds germination rate |
| CN107820777B (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2020-11-06 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for improving germination rate of peach seeds |
| CN108901575A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-11-30 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of three step cultivating methods improving cherry hybrid planting percent and precocity fruiting |
| CN111602550A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-09-01 | 普洱大华林业科技有限公司 | Artificial seedling raising method using taxus chinensis seeds |
| CN114982560A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-02 | 河北双星种业股份有限公司 | Method for raising seedlings by utilizing sunflower young seeds |
| CN114982560B (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2024-04-12 | 河北双星种业股份有限公司 | Method for raising seedlings by utilizing sunflower seeds |
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