CN103430807A - Method for cultivating cherry seedlings - Google Patents
Method for cultivating cherry seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN103430807A CN103430807A CN201310358112XA CN201310358112A CN103430807A CN 103430807 A CN103430807 A CN 103430807A CN 201310358112X A CN201310358112X A CN 201310358112XA CN 201310358112 A CN201310358112 A CN 201310358112A CN 103430807 A CN103430807 A CN 103430807A
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- 235000019693 cherries Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 241000167854 Bourreria succulenta Species 0.000 title claims abstract 9
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 10
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011717 all-trans-retinol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019169 all-trans-retinol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014001 Prunus serrulata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000392970 Prunus serrulata Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002618 waking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- RDVAVHBQTGGJMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K].[Ca].[B] Chemical compound [K].[Ca].[B] RDVAVHBQTGGJMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010016634 Seed Storage Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006413 Prunus persica var. persica Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001290151 Prunus avium subsp. avium Species 0.000 description 20
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000141008 Prunus pseudocerasus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015576 Prunus pseudocerasus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220222 Rosaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating cherry seedlings. The method includes the following steps of collecting and processing seeds, sowing the seeds in nutrition pots in a plastic tunnel, performing managing after sowing, training the seedlings and transplanting the seedlings into a big field. According to the method, the temperature and the humidity for sprouting of the seeds are improved manually, the problem that the seeds do not sprout because of drought and water loss can be avoided effectively, in addition, the seedlings are prevented from the influences of adverse weather such as low temperature and late frost in spring after seedling emergence, good growing environment is provided for the seedlings, and the seedlings come out about one mouth earlier than seedlings sown in the big field. Hill-seeding is performed in the nutrition pots, the emergence rate reaches above 97%, more than ten thousand seedlings can be obtained from 1kg seeds in a hill-seeding mode, however, more than ten thousand seedlings can be obtained from 3-5kg seeds sown in the big field in a drill seeding mode, and the utilization rate of the seeds can be improved by 3-5 times. The height of the seedlings is 10-15cm during transplanting, the seedlings are higher than the seedlings sown in the big field by 3-5cm, transplanting is performed according the same row spacing, the seedlings are grown evenly in land for tree nursery, management is convenient, the seedlings can grow into high-quality big seedlings, and therefore the emergence rate and the seed utilization rate of seedling cultivation are improved more effectively and the seedling cultivation purpose that the seeds are sown in a high-quality and high-efficiency mode is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the seedling growing process field of trees, be specifically related to the breeding method of a kind of cherry nursery stock.
Background technology
Cherry (Prunus pseudocerasus) is rose family fruit trees in plum line, and fruit is less, early ripe, can deserve to be called all kinds of fruits first.By the end of April to maturation mid-May, except eating raw, also can do the stock of large cherry, plum, peach, oriental cherry etc. at In Tianshui Region Gansu Province.Sprout because the seed of cherry is difficult, be difficult to obtain nursery stock while growing seedlings, therefore the saying of " the difficult cultivation of the nice tree of cherry " is arranged.The breeding of cherry seedling, in production, the general method with planting seed, cuttage and group training obtains.Although cuttage and tissue culture method also can obtain the seedling than high-quality, the environmental condition required while producing is higher, all easy and direct not as planting seed.
The inventor utilized autumn sowing and spring sowing in recent years, had also adopted in addition the method for plastic mulching program request in spring, all, because of the reason such as drought in spring, grew seedlings unsuccessfully, had caused larger economic loss.Autumn sowing generally before soil is freeze-up, by the seed gathered the then post-trenching drilling in 1 day that is soaked in water, ditch depth 4-5cm, line width 20-30cm, broadcast rear earthing 4-4.5cm, after the soil moisture conservation of pouring water; Sow generally in mid-April spring, when the seed that will hide through sand ftractures until the shell of 40-50%, and the trench digging drilling, ditch depth is 2.5-3cm, the same autumn sowing of other links.These two kinds of methods are suitable at spring temperature, soil condition not too the arid situation under, emergence rate generally reaches 40-50%.
Summary of the invention
?technical problem to be solved by this invention is the breeding method that provides a kind of employing to use the cherry nursery stock of nutritive cube simple grain program request for shortcoming of the prior art in lagging facility, reaches the purpose of planting early enough, early germination, raising emergence rate.
Adopt following technical scheme for solving technical problem of the present invention:
The breeding method of a kind of cherry nursery stock is characterized in that step is as follows:
The collection of a, seed and processing
To the middle ten days, in the fully ripe rear selection robust growth of fruit, without the elite stand of damage by disease and insect, after collecting fruit, rub with the hands and remove pulp immediately the first tenday period of a month in May then, clean with clear water, float not plump core, preserve after place, cool place airing, to Second Year spring, 30% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally while germinateing, but just program request;
In b, shed, in nutritive cube, sow
B.1 shed construction: after the annual Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), the temperature bottom out, build plastic canopy and prepare sowing;
B.2 prepare sowing soil: sowing soil is divided into sowing media and covers matrix, and sowing media is with organic humus soil of 200-400 times of liquid zineb or carbendazim spray disinfectant or organic sandy loam; The thin river sand that to cover matrix be wash clean or with the expense vermiculite of 200-400 times of liquid zineb or carbendazim spray disinfectant;
B.3 in nutritive cube, sow: the sowing media of the 3.5-4cm that first packs in nutritive cube during sowing, in the middle of the seed simple grain of germination is placed on, upper strata covers the covering matrix of 1.5-2cm again;
B.4 the nutritive cube after program request at shed near putting into furrow, the native ridging of every furrow surrounding, and once fill with sufficient water;
C, broadcast rear management
After planting detain canopy and heat soil moisture conservation, temperature in canopy is remained in 25-30 ℃ daytime, night, the minimum air temperature was more than 15 ℃, seed needs a water of spray in 3-4 days before being unearthed, after 70-80% comes up, take off canopy aeration-cooling, remain on 22 ℃-26 ℃, night daytime and remain on 12 ℃-13 ℃, when direct sunlight, sheltered from heat or light to time on shed, sprayed foliage fertilizer and Fungicidal control germ after emerging grew every 5-10 days, described foliage fertilizer is 1% urea or 1200 times of amino acid boron potassium calcium, and bactericide is 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn;
D, hardening
Mid-April, throw off gradually the canopy film after temperature tends towards stability and carry out hardening, adopt large temperature difference management, temperature remains on 20 ℃-24 ℃, night daytime and remains on 8 ℃-10 ℃ in canopy, threw off gradually whole canopy films in 10-15 days, increase illumination, make the environmental condition external environment condition in canopy consistent;
E, field-transplanting
E.1 land for growing field crops is selected: land for growing field crops selects subterranean water level high, and leeward soil layer is deep, the soil is porous fertile, well-drained sand soil, avoid planting at second crop soil on the sunny side, and land for growing field crops is every 667m before planting
2execute the 2000-3000kg farmyard manure, and deep plough and rake, be made into the furrow of wide 3-6m, long 5-8m by landform;
E.2 transplant: in the first tenday period of a month in May or the middle ten days; by the nursery stock balled transplanting to land for growing field crops; open the flat ditch of wide 30-10cm, dark 6-7cm during transplanting; spacing in the rows is pressed 10-15cm duplicate rows or single file plantation; once fill with sufficient water; after moving into land for growing field crops, with reference to the field seedling raising management method, but then high-quality seedling or grafting in spring in next year become the nursery stocks such as large cherry, peach, Lee, oriental cherry.
In described step a, the seed storage method is, first dig the storage canal of dark 50cm, wide 80-100cm, wet sand at storage canal bottom of trench paving 2-3cm, then the seed of mixed wet sand is put to 35-40cm and covered the wet sand that 10cm is thick in the above, the seed of described mixed sand is mixed by 1: 5 by seed and wet sand, last blinding or careless moisturizing, play the low bank of earth between fields on every side.
Organic humus soil described in described step b is that humus soil mixes by 5:1 with the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, and organic sandy loam is that sandy loam mixes by 5:1 with the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed.
In described step b, nutritive cube is 6cm * 6cm plastic nutritive cube.
In described step b, shed is by 100 m
2putting the amount of growing seedlings of 30,000 nutritive cubes grows seedlings.
In described step e, in field-transplanting, between flat ditch, stay 40-30cm as the operation band.
The breeding method of cherry nursery stock of the present invention, in shed, sow, artificially improved the temperature and humidity of seed sprouting, can effectively avoid seed not germinate because of arid dehydration, also can avoid the impact of the bad climates such as Low Temperature in Spring, late frost after emerging in addition, for seedling provides good growing environment, than the early time of emerging about 1 month of field seeding.Program request in nutritive cube, emergence rate reaches more than 97% in nutritive cube, but 1kg seed program request more than 10,000 young plant just, and land for growing field crops trench digging drilling 0.07 hectare 3-5kg can go out more than 10,000 young plant, so the seed availability can improve 3-5 doubly.Height of seedling 10-15cm during cherry nursery stock field-transplanting, higher than field seeding seedling 3-5cm, transplant by the same strain line-spacing, and in nursery lot, neatly, convenient management, can grow up to the high-quality seedlings then, shortened the seedling raise period of a year in growth.Thereby more effectively raise high-quality emergence rate and the seed availability of growing seedlings, reached the high-quality and efficient purpose of growing seedlings of planting seed.
The experiment of piloting, on March 11st, 2012 the Tianshui fruit tree research in one long * wide be simple grain program request cherry seed 3.1kg in the plastic canopy of 70m * 10m, 35721 ten thousand plastic nutritional alms bowls, emerge 34648 of nutritive cubes, it is the large cherry seedling as stock grafting that emergence rate is about 97%, 2013 year spring.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
A kind of type of seeding of cherry seed, comprise the following steps, management in sowing, canopy in nutritive cube, white silk seedling, field-transplanting in seed collection and processing, shed.
The collection of a, seed and processing
The first tenday period of a month in May are to the middle ten days then, after the abundant maturation of fruit, select robust growth, without the elite stand of damage by disease and insect, after collecting fruit, rub with the hands and remove pulp immediately, with clear water, clean, and float not plump core, and in cool place, rear storage is dried at place.The method of storage be husky the Tibetan, in the shade dry locating, dig dark 50cm, wide be the storage canal of 100cm, length is determined with seed amount.Huskyly evenly mixes 10kg seed and 50kg are wet, husky humidity be take and held agglomerating stretching out one's hand and fall apart as, the first wet sand that spreads 2cm at bottom of trench, then the seed of mixed wet sand is put into to 40cm thick, more separately covers upper the wet sand that 10cm is thick, then the blinding moisturizing, play the low bank of earth between fields on every side, prevent that the rainwater inflow from causing rotten kind.To Second Year spring, 30% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally while germinateing, but just program request.
In b, shed, in nutritive cube, sow
B.1 shed construction: after the annual Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) on the-7th March 5, the temperature bottom out, build plastic canopy and prepare sowing, and shed is by 100 m
2putting the amount of growing seedlings of 30,000 nutritive cubes builds.
B.2 prepare sowing soil: sowing soil is divided into sowing media and covers matrix, and sowing media is the organic humus soil with 200 times of liquid zineb spray disinfectants, and wherein organic humus soil is that humus soil mixes by 5:1 with the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed.The thin river sand that covering matrix is wash clean.
B.3 in nutritive cube, sow: nutritive cube is selected 6cm * 6cm plastic nutritive cube, the sowing media of the 4cm that first packs in nutritive cube during sowing, and in the middle of the seed simple grain of germination is placed on, upper strata covers the covering matrix of 1.5cm again;
B.4 at shed, near putting into furrow, the native ridging of every furrow surrounding, and once fill with sufficient water, stop management channels to the nutritive cube after program request between furrow and furrow.
C, broadcast management in rear canopy
After planting detain immediately canopy and heat soil moisture conservation, make temperature in canopy remain on 30 ℃ daytime, night the minimum air temperature at 16 ℃, seed needs adequate water before being unearthed, and every a water of spray in 3 days, remains the humidity of matrix in nutritive cube, impels as early as possible and emerges.80% come up after, take off that to take off on a small quantity canopy aeration-cooling, remain on 26 ℃, night daytime and remain on 12 ℃, sheltered from heat or light to time on shed when direct sunlight, after emerging, should suitably be reduced irrigation times, make soil see dry see wet, and sprayed foliage fertilizer and bactericide every 5 days, prevent that germ from growing.Wherein foliage fertilizer is 1% urea, and bactericide is 1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn.
D, hardening
Mid-April, throw off gradually the canopy film after temperature tends towards stability and carry out hardening, strengthen ventilation and time, adopt large temperature difference management, temperature remains on 24 ℃, night daytime and remains on 10 ℃ in canopy, throws off gradually whole canopy films in 10 days, reduces the moisture content supply, increase illumination, make the environmental condition external environment condition in canopy consistent; Aging to promote nursery stock to organize, strengthen its resistance.
E, field-transplanting
E.1 land for growing field crops is selected: land for growing field crops selects subterranean water level high, and leeward soil layer is deep, the soil is porous fertile, well-drained sand soil, avoid planting at second crop soil on the sunny side, and land for growing field crops is every 667m before planting
2execute the 3000kg farmyard manure, and deep ploughing rakes, by landform, be made into the furrow that wide 6m, length are 5m;
E.2 transplant: in the first tenday period of a month in May or the middle ten days, the nursery stock balled transplanting, to land for growing field crops, is opened to the flat ditch of wide 10cm, dark 7cm during transplanting, between flat ditch and flat ditch, stay 40cm as the operation band.Flat furrow width take during transplanting as line-spacing, and spacing in the rows is put by the 15cm duplicate rows, and backfill is treaded, and once fills with sufficient water.After moving into land for growing field crops, with reference to the field seedling raising management method, but then high-quality seedling or grafting in spring in next year become the nursery stocks such as large cherry, peach, Lee, oriental cherry.
embodiment 2
A kind of type of seeding of cherry seed, comprise the following steps, management in sowing, canopy in nutritive cube, white silk seedling, field-transplanting in seed collection and processing, shed.
The collection of a, seed and processing
The first tenday period of a month in May are to the middle ten days then, after the abundant maturation of fruit, select robust growth, without the elite stand of damage by disease and insect, after collecting fruit, rub with the hands and remove pulp immediately, with clear water, clean, and float not plump core, and in cool place, rear storage is dried at place.The method of storage be husky the Tibetan, in the shade dry locating, dig dark 50cm, wide be the storage canal of 80cm, length is determined with seed amount.Huskyly evenly mixes 10kg seed and 50kg are wet, husky humidity be take and held agglomerating stretching out one's hand and fall apart as, the first wet sand that spreads 3cm at bottom of trench, then the seed of mixed wet sand is put into to 35cm thick, more separately covers upper the wet sand that 10cm is thick, then the blinding moisturizing, play the low bank of earth between fields on every side, prevent that the rainwater inflow from causing rotten kind.To Second Year spring, 30% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally while germinateing, but just program request.
In b, shed, in nutritive cube, sow
B.1 shed construction: after the annual Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) on the-7th March 5, the temperature bottom out, build plastic canopy and prepare sowing, and shed is by 100 m
2putting the amount of growing seedlings of 30,000 nutritive cubes builds.
B.2 prepare sowing soil: sowing soil is divided into sowing media and covers matrix, and sowing media is the organic sandy loam with 400 times of liquid zineb spray disinfectants, and wherein organic sandy loam is that sandy loam mixes by 5:1 with the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed.Cover matrix for 200 times of liquid zineb, to take vermiculite.
B.3 in nutritive cube, sow, nutritive cube is selected 6cm * 6cm plastic nutritive cube, the sowing media of the 3.5cm that first packs in nutritive cube during sowing, and in the middle of the seed simple grain of germination is placed on, upper strata covers the covering matrix of 2cm again;
B.4 at shed, near putting into furrow, the native ridging of every furrow surrounding, and once fill with sufficient water, stop management channels to the nutritive cube after program request between furrow and furrow.
C, broadcast management in rear canopy
After planting detain immediately canopy and heat soil moisture conservation, make temperature in canopy remain on 25 ℃ daytime, night, the minimum air temperature was 17 ℃, and seed needs adequate water before being unearthed, and every a water of spray in 4 days, remained the humidity of matrix in nutritive cube, impelled as early as possible and emerged.70% come up after, take off that to take off on a small quantity canopy aeration-cooling, remain on 22 ℃, night daytime and remain on 13 ℃, when direct sunlight, sheltered from heat or light to time on shed, should suitably reduce irrigation times after emerging, soil is shown in and dryly sees wetly, and sprayed foliage fertilizer and bactericide every 10 days, prevent that germ from growing.Wherein foliage fertilizer is 1200 times of amino acid boron potassium calcium, and bactericide is 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim.
D, hardening
Mid-April, throw off gradually the canopy film after temperature tends towards stability and carry out hardening, strengthen ventilation and time, adopt large temperature difference management, temperature remains on 20 ℃, night daytime and remains on 8 ℃ in canopy, throws off gradually whole canopy films in 15 days, reduces the moisture content supply, increase illumination, make the environmental condition external environment condition in canopy consistent; Aging to promote nursery stock to organize, strengthen its resistance.
E, field-transplanting
E.1 land for growing field crops is selected: land for growing field crops selects subterranean water level high, and leeward soil layer is deep, the soil is porous fertile, well-drained sand soil, avoid planting at second crop soil on the sunny side, and land for growing field crops is every 667m before planting
2execute the 2000kg farmyard manure, and deep ploughing rakes, by landform, be made into the furrow that wide 3m, length are 8m;
E.2 transplant: in the first tenday period of a month in May or the middle ten days, the nursery stock balled transplanting, to land for growing field crops, is opened to the flat ditch of wide 30cm, dark 6cm during transplanting, between flat ditch and flat ditch, stay 30cm as the operation band.Flat furrow width take during transplanting as line-spacing, and spacing in the rows is put by the 15cm single file, and backfill is treaded, and once fills with sufficient water.After moving into land for growing field crops, with reference to the field seedling raising management method, but then high-quality seedling or grafting in spring in next year become the nursery stocks such as large cherry, peach, Lee, oriental cherry.
embodiment 3
A kind of type of seeding of cherry seed, comprise the following steps, management in sowing, canopy in nutritive cube, white silk seedling, field-transplanting in seed collection and processing, shed.
The collection of a, seed and processing
The first tenday period of a month in May are to the middle ten days then, after the abundant maturation of fruit, select robust growth, without the elite stand of damage by disease and insect, after collecting fruit, rub with the hands and remove pulp immediately, with clear water, clean, and float not plump core, and in cool place, rear storage is dried at place.The method of storage be husky the Tibetan, in the shade dry locating, dig dark 50cm, wide be the storage canal of 80cm, length is determined with seed amount.Huskyly evenly mixes 10kg seed and 50kg are wet, husky humidity be take and held agglomerating stretching out one's hand and fall apart as, the first wet sand that spreads 3cm at bottom of trench, then the seed of mixed wet sand is put into to 38cm thick, more separately covers upper the wet sand that 10cm is thick, then the blinding moisturizing, play the low bank of earth between fields on every side, prevent that the rainwater inflow from causing rotten kind.To Second Year spring, 30% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally while germinateing, but just program request.
In b, shed, in nutritive cube, sow
B.1 shed construction: after the annual Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) on the-7th March 5, the temperature bottom out, build plastic canopy and prepare sowing, and shed is by 100 m
2putting the amount of growing seedlings of 30,000 nutritive cubes builds.
B.2 preparation sowing soil, sow soil and be divided into sowing media and cover matrix, and sowing media is that the carbendazim spray disinfectant mixes by 5:1 with the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed with the humus soil of 400 times of liquid zineb sandblast; The expense vermiculite that covering matrix is the carbendazim spray disinfectant.
B.3 in nutritive cube, sow, nutritive cube is selected 6cm * 6cm plastic nutritive cube, the sowing media of the 4cm that first packs in nutritive cube during sowing, and in the middle of the seed simple grain of germination is placed on, upper strata covers the covering matrix of 1.5cm again;
B.4 at shed, near putting into furrow, the native ridging of every furrow surrounding, and once fill with sufficient water, stop management channels to the nutritive cube after program request between furrow and furrow.
C, broadcast management in rear canopy
After planting detain immediately canopy and heat soil moisture conservation, make temperature in canopy remain on 28 ℃ daytime, night, the minimum air temperature was 18 ℃, and seed needs adequate water before being unearthed, and every a water of spray in 3 days, remained the humidity of matrix in nutritive cube, impelled as early as possible and emerged.75% come up after, take off that to take off on a small quantity canopy aeration-cooling, remain on 24 ℃, night daytime and remain on 12 ℃, sheltered from heat or light to time on shed when direct sunlight, after emerging, should suitably be reduced irrigation times, make soil see dry see wet, and sprayed foliage fertilizer and bactericide every 8 days, prevent that germ from growing.Wherein foliage fertilizer is 1200 times of amino acid boron potassium calcium, and bactericide is 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim.
D, hardening
Mid-April, throw off gradually the canopy film after temperature tends towards stability and carry out hardening, strengthen ventilation and time, adopt large temperature difference management, temperature remains on 22 ℃, night daytime and remains on 9 ℃ in canopy, throws off gradually whole canopy films in 12 days, reduces the moisture content supply, increase illumination, make the environmental condition external environment condition in canopy consistent; Aging to promote nursery stock to organize, strengthen its resistance.
E, field-transplanting
E.1 land for growing field crops is selected: land for growing field crops selects subterranean water level high, and leeward soil layer is deep, the soil is porous fertile, well-drained sand soil, avoid planting at second crop soil on the sunny side, and land for growing field crops is every 667m before planting
2execute the 3000kg farmyard manure, and deep ploughing rakes, by landform, be made into the furrow that wide 5m, length are 7m;
E.2 transplant: in the first tenday period of a month in May or the middle ten days, the nursery stock balled transplanting, to land for growing field crops, is opened to the flat ditch of wide 20cm, dark 6cm during transplanting, between flat ditch and flat ditch, stay 35cm as the operation band.Flat furrow width take during transplanting as line-spacing, and spacing in the rows is put by the 15cm duplicate rows, and backfill is treaded, and once fills with sufficient water.After moving into land for growing field crops, with reference to the field seedling raising management method, but then high-quality seedling or grafting in spring in next year become the nursery stocks such as large cherry, peach, Lee, oriental cherry.
Claims (6)
1. the breeding method of a cherry nursery stock is characterized in that step is as follows:
The collection of a, seed and processing
To the middle ten days, in the fully ripe rear selection robust growth of fruit, without the elite stand of damage by disease and insect, after collecting fruit, rub with the hands and remove pulp immediately the first tenday period of a month in May then, clean with clear water, float not plump core, preserve after place, cool place airing, to Second Year spring, 30% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally while germinateing, but just program request;
In b, shed, in nutritive cube, sow
B.1 shed construction: after the annual Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), the temperature bottom out, build plastic canopy and prepare sowing;
B.2 prepare sowing soil: sowing soil is divided into sowing media and covers matrix, and sowing media is humus soil or the sandy loam with 200-400 times of liquid zineb or carbendazim spray disinfectant; The thin river sand that to cover matrix be wash clean or with the expense vermiculite of 200-400 times of liquid zineb or carbendazim spray disinfectant;
B.3 in nutritive cube, sow: the sowing media of the 3.5-4cm that first packs in nutritive cube during sowing, in the middle of the seed simple grain of germination is placed on, upper strata covers the covering matrix of 1.5-2cm again;
B.4 the nutritive cube after program request at shed near putting into furrow, the native ridging of every furrow surrounding, and once fill with sufficient water;
C, broadcast rear management
After planting detain canopy and heat soil moisture conservation, temperature in canopy is remained in 25-30 ℃ daytime, night, the minimum air temperature was more than 15 ℃, seed needs a water of spray in 3-4 days before being unearthed, after 70-80% comes up, take off canopy aeration-cooling, remain on 22 ℃-26 ℃, night daytime and remain on 12 ℃-13 ℃, when direct sunlight, sheltered from heat or light to time on shed, sprayed foliage fertilizer and Fungicidal control germ after emerging grew every 5-10 days, described foliage fertilizer is 1% urea or 1200 times of amino acid boron potassium calcium, and bactericide is 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn;
D, hardening
Mid-April, throw off gradually the canopy film after temperature tends towards stability and carry out hardening, adopt large temperature difference management, temperature remains on 20 ℃-24 ℃, night daytime and remains on 8 ℃-10 ℃ in canopy, threw off gradually whole canopy films in 10-15 days, increase illumination, make the environmental condition external environment condition in canopy consistent;
E, field-transplanting
E.1 land for growing field crops is selected: land for growing field crops selects subterranean water level high, and leeward soil layer is deep, the soil is porous fertile, well-drained sand soil, avoid planting at second crop soil on the sunny side, and land for growing field crops is every 667m before planting
2execute the 2000-3000kg farmyard manure, and deep plough and rake, be made into the furrow of wide 3-6m, long 5-8m by landform;
E.2 transplant: in the first tenday period of a month in May or the middle ten days; by the nursery stock balled transplanting to land for growing field crops; open the flat ditch of wide 30-10cm, dark 6-7cm during transplanting; spacing in the rows is pressed 10-15cm duplicate rows or single file plantation; once fill with sufficient water; after moving into land for growing field crops, with reference to the field seedling raising management method, but then high-quality seedling or grafting in spring in next year become the nursery stocks such as large cherry, peach, Lee, oriental cherry.
2. the breeding method of a kind of cherry nursery stock according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step a, the seed storage method is, first dig the storage canal of dark 50cm, wide 80-100cm, wet sand at storage canal bottom of trench paving 2-3cm, then the seed of mixed wet sand is put to 35-40cm and covered the wet sand that 10cm is thick in the above, the seed of described mixed sand is mixed by 1: 5 by seed and wet sand, and last blinding or careless moisturizing, play the low bank of earth between fields on every side.
3. the breeding method of a kind of cherry nursery stock according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: organic humus soil described in described step b is that humus soil mixes by 5:1 with the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed, and organic sandy loam is that sandy loam mixes by 5:1 with the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed.
4. the breeding method of a kind of cherry nursery stock according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: in described step b, nutritive cube is 6cm * 6cm plastic nutritive cube.
5. the breeding method of a kind of cherry nursery stock according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: in described step b, shed is by 100 m
2putting the amount of growing seedlings of 30,000 nutritive cubes grows seedlings.
6. the breeding method of a kind of cherry nursery stock according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step e, in field-transplanting, between flat ditch, stay 40-30cm as the operation band.
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