CN104126403A - Method for cultivating deodar seedlings - Google Patents

Method for cultivating deodar seedlings Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104126403A
CN104126403A CN201410371924.2A CN201410371924A CN104126403A CN 104126403 A CN104126403 A CN 104126403A CN 201410371924 A CN201410371924 A CN 201410371924A CN 104126403 A CN104126403 A CN 104126403A
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seedling
seedlings
seed
nutritive cube
canopy
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CN201410371924.2A
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CN104126403B (en
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王耀辉
文彩红
李帼英
赵新红
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TIANSHUI CITY INSTITUTE OF FRUIT TREE
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TIANSHUI CITY INSTITUTE OF FRUIT TREE
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Priority claimed from CN201410371924.2A external-priority patent/CN104126403B/en
Publication of CN104126403A publication Critical patent/CN104126403A/en
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for cultivating deodar seedlings. Single seed bunch planting is conducted through a nutrition bowl in a heat preservation facility (a permanently or temporarily erected arch greenhouse), seeds are sown in the heat preservation facility, temperature and humidity for seed germination are artificially increased, the condition that the seeds do not germinate due to drought and water loss can be effectively avoided, in addition, after the seedlings emerge, the seedlings can be prevented from being affected by harmful weather such as wind and frost, and a good growth environment is provided for the seedlings. The seedling emerging rate in the nutrition bowl is over 97%, the seedlings emerge one month earlier than those with seeds sown in a large field, the seedling height ranges from 30 cm to 40 cm when the seedlings are transplanted the next year, the seedlings are 10 cm to 20 cm higher than the seedlings with the seeds sown in the large field, the seedlings grow in the nutrition bowl in the greenhouse, management of shading operation, rainproof operation, water drainage, disease and pest control and the like is convenient, large seedlings can be obtained in the current year, and therefore the purposes of early sowing, early germination and increase of the seedling emerging rate and the annual growth amount are achieved. Meanwhile, bunch planting is conducted in the nutrition bowl, the excellent seedling emerging rate and the seed use rate for seedling cultivation are more effectively increased and the high-quality efficient seedling cultivation purpose in the seed sowing process is achieved.

Description

A kind of breeding method of cdear seedling
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seedling growing process field of trees, especially relate to a kind of breeding method of cdear seedling.
Background technology
Cdear (formal name used at school: be Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don) Pinaceae Cedrus plant.Cdear is tree-like tall and big, and tree performance is graceful, is ornamental tree species famous in afforestation.Along with the development of economy and society, people more and more pay attention to environmental protection.In urban afforestation, the purposes of cdear is very extensive, is not only the good first-selection of avenue tree planting, and is indispensable seeds in afforestation.Because the market prospects of cdear are good, the demand of cdear seedling is increasing.
The breeding of cdear seedling is mainly seed propagation and cottage propagation.Seed propagation generally carries out in early spring, in In Tianshui Region Gansu Province, mostly is arid spring, and low temperature, frost occurs comparatively frequently, and early sowing seedling is often subject to the harm of frost, freeze injury, and the amount of growth of nursery stock is little then for late sowing.Cdear staminiferous plant generally blooms after 20 ages in addition, and female plant is is just blossomed and had seeds after will arriving for 30 ages, again because the male and female plant florescence differs, spontaneous pollination effect is poor, so cdear seed is more precious, and field seeding is need the amount of kind larger, every mu needs 15-20 kilogram, and seed availability is low.Cottage propagation survival rate is adopted the impact of an elite stand and cuttings age size, after cuttage, need sooner or later to spray water every day or mist cooling during high temperature, facility domestic demand keeps higher temperature, humidity, and cuttage seeding is taken root slowly, under suitable condition, at least also need about 50 days, common greenhouse or plastic tunnel management difficulty are large, take root more difficult.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the breeding method that the cdear seedling that effectively raises the high-quality emergence rate of growing seedlings and seed availability is provided for shortcoming of the prior art.
For solving technical problem of the present invention, adopt following technical scheme:
A breeding method for cdear seedling, the method comprises the following steps: nutritive cube program request in seed collection and processing, shed, Seedling Stage management, fast-growing phase and final-period management:
The collection of a, seed and processing: cdear cone is ripe October in next year to Second Year, when cone is become when brown and can be gathered by cyan, the cone of collection is placed in to dry ventilation and spreads that to deviate from seed airing after tanning by the sun standby out, 5-7 days seeds first go not plump benevolence prior to seeding, with being placed on after 600 times of thiophanate methyl solution disinfections to soak in the water of 30-35 ℃ after 20-25 hour, spreading out and cover wet cloth again, just can program request when Seed sprouting shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
Nutritive cube program request in b, shed: on annual March-7 on the 5th, by 100 m 2put the amount of growing seedlings of ten thousand nutritive cubes of 0.8-1 and build plastic canopy; During sowing, in nutritive cube, first pack the sowing media that 12-17cm is thick into, again the seed of germination is greatly head-up inserted in sowing media, upper strata covers the thick thin river sand of 1-2cm, nutritive cube after program request by shed size near putting into furrow, between furrow and furrow, stop management channels, the native ridging of every furrow surrounding, then disposable water permeable;
C, Seedling Stage management: after planting detain canopy and heat soil moisture conservation, make in canopy temperature remain on 20-25 ℃ daytime, nighttime temperature is more than 10 ℃, in nutritive cube, water permeable, after 80% comes up, take off canopy aeration-cooling, after emerging, reduce irrigation times make soil see dry see wet, simultaneously every 5~10 days with 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 500 times of liquid irrigating roots of 70% thiophanate methyl, prevent the generation of damping off;
D, fast-growing phase and final-period management: late April, after temperature tends towards stability, taking off canopy leaks informaton, adopt large temperature difference management, in 15-20 days, throw off gradually canopy film, using sunshade net instead shades, after seedling lignification, reducing moisture content supply does not do and does not water, while watering, avoid the megathermal period at noon, within every 20-25 days, foliage-spray mass fraction is 3% simultaneously urea or mass fraction are 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, altogether spray 3-4 time, the amount that each solution sprays is every ten thousand nutritive cube 10-15kg, after the beginning of autumn, remove sunshade net, the seedling growth later stage is late August, stop irrigating, note draining in rainy season, one year seedling reaches 30-40 centimetre, can be with ball transplanting spring in next year.
Described sowing media is after sandy loam and the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed mix by 5:2-1, to stir, harrow carefully and make, 200-400 times of liquid zineb or carbendazim spray disinfectant for described sowing media.
Described nutritive cube is black polyethylene film nutritive cube.
Described nutritive cube bore is 10-15cm, the high 15-20cm of being.
500 times of liquid of described 50% carbendazim or be that every ten thousand nutritive cubes need 80-100kg with the consumption of 500 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl.
The breeding method of cdear seedling provided by the invention adopts in lagging facility (building permanent or interim shed) with the program request of nutritive cube simple grain, in lagging facility, sow, artificially improved the temperature and humidity of seed sprouting, can effectively avoid seed not germinate because of arid dehydration, after emerging in addition, also can avoid wind, the impact of the bad climates such as frost, for seedling provides good growing environment, in nutritive cube, emergence rate reaches more than 97%, than the early time of 1 month of emerging of field seeding, height of seedling 30-40cm when Second Year is transplanted, higher than field seeding seedling 10-20cm, nutritive cube is grown in canopy, shelter from heat or light, rainproof, draining, the convenient managements such as the extermination of disease and insect pest, can grow up to seedlings then, reached planting early enough, early germinate, improve the object of emergence rate and year increment.Simultaneously program request in nutritive cube, 1kg seed just can program request 6-7 more than thousand young plants, program request every mu of ground 10-15kg in land for growing field crops can go out more than 10,000 young plants, seed availability can improve 4-6 doubly about.Thereby more effectively raise high-quality emergence rate and the seed availability of growing seedlings, reached the high-quality and efficient object of growing seedlings of planting seed.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A breeding method for cdear seedling, the method comprises the following steps: nutritive cube program request in seed collection and processing, shed, Seedling Stage management, fast-growing phase and final-period management:
The collection of a, seed and processing:
Cdear cone is ripe to Second Year October in next year, when cone is become when brown and can be gathered by cyan, the cone of collection is placed in to dry ventilation, spread out and tan by the sun, deviate from seed, airing is standby, 5 days prior to seeding, first with clear water, float not plump benevolence, with 600 times of thiophanate methyl spray solution sterilizations, then seed is contained in cloth bag, be placed on the emerge in worm water 25 hours of 35 ℃, then on wet cloth, spread out, keep the humidity of cloth, when Seed sprouting shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, just can program request.
In recent years inventor utilize Greenhouse in summer cuttage and spring field seeding, all, because managing the reasons such as drought in not in place and spring, grow seedlings unsuccessfully, caused larger economic loss.
B, sowing
Be annual front and back in-7 days on the 5th March the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), by 100 m 2put the amount of growing seedlings of 10,000 nutritive cubes, build plastic canopy, shed height is to facilitate room entry/exit management to be as the criterion.Sowing soil is divided into sowing media and covers matrix.Sowing media is selected sandy loam, and sandy loam and the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed are mixed by 5:1, stirs, harrows carefully, and with 400 times of liquid zineb spray disinfectants, every 100kg sowing media needs 400 times of zineb 1kg.Cover the thin river sand of wash clean for matrix.Select the black polyethylene film nutritive cube of (bore * height) 10cm * 20cm type bear, during sowing, in nutritive cube, first pack the sowing media that 17cm is high into, the seed of germination is greatly head-up inserted in sowing media, upper strata covers the thick thin river sand of 2cm, nutritive cube after program request by shed size near putting into furrow, the native ridging of every furrow surrounding, then disposable water permeable.Between furrow and furrow, stop management channels.
C, Seedling Stage management
After planting, detain immediately canopy and heat soil moisture conservation, make temperature in canopy remain on 20 ℃ daytime, nighttime temperature is more than 10 ℃, remain the humidity of matrix in nutritive cube, 80% come up after, take off on a small quantity canopy aeration-cooling, after emerging, suitably reduce irrigation times, soil is shown in and dryly sees wetly, water every 5 days, with 500 times of liquid irrigating roots of 70% thiophanate methyl simultaneously, prevent the generation of damping off, wherein 500 times of liquid consumptions of 70% thiophanate methyl are that every ten thousand nutritive cubes need 80-100kg.
D, fast-growing phase and final-period management
Late April, after temperature tends towards stability, take off gradually canopy and leak informaton, strengthen ventilation and time, adopt large temperature difference management, in 15 days, throw off gradually canopy film, use sunshade net instead and shade.After seedling lignification, reduce moisture content supply, do not do and do not water, pour water should be in the morning with carry out at dusk, in conjunction with watering, within every 25 days, impose mass fraction simultaneously and be 3% urea solution once, the amount that each solution sprays is every ten thousand nutritive cube 10kg, altogether spray 3 times, after the beginning of autumn, remove sunshade net.The seedling growth later stage is late August, stops irrigating, and notes draining in rainy season, and one year seedling can reach 30-40 centimetres, and can be with ball transplanting spring in next year.
Embodiment 2
A breeding method for cdear seedling, the method comprises the following steps: nutritive cube program request in seed collection and processing, shed, Seedling Stage management, fast-growing phase and final-period management:
The collection of a, seed and processing:
Cdear cone is ripe to Second Year October in next year, when cone is become when brown and can be gathered by cyan, the cone of collection is placed in to dry ventilation, spread out and tan by the sun, deviate from seed, airing is standby, 7 days prior to seeding, first with clear water, float not plump benevolence, with 600 times of thiophanate methyl spray solution sterilizations, then seed is contained in cloth bag, be placed on the emerge in worm water 20 hours of 30 ℃, then on wet cloth, spread out, keep the humidity of cloth, when Seed sprouting shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, just can program request.
In recent years inventor utilize Greenhouse in summer cuttage and spring field seeding, all, because managing the reasons such as drought in not in place and spring, grow seedlings unsuccessfully, caused larger economic loss.
B, sowing
Be annual front and back in-7 days on the 5th March the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), by 100 m 2put the amount of growing seedlings of 10,000 nutritive cubes, build plastic canopy, shed height is to facilitate room entry/exit management to be as the criterion.Sowing soil is divided into sowing media and covers matrix.Sowing media is selected sandy loam, and sandy loam and the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed are mixed by 5:2, stirs, harrows carefully, and with 200 times of liquid zineb spray disinfectants, every 100kg sowing media needs 200 times of zineb 1kg.Cover the thin river sand of wash clean for matrix.Select the black polyethylene film nutritive cube of (bore * height) 15cm * 15cm type bear, during sowing, in nutritive cube, first pack the sowing media that 12cm is high into, the seed of germination is greatly head-up inserted in sowing media, upper strata covers the thick thin river sand of 1cm, nutritive cube after program request by shed size near putting into furrow, the native ridging of every furrow surrounding, then disposable water permeable.Between furrow and furrow, stop management channels.
C, Seedling Stage management
After planting, detain immediately canopy and heat soil moisture conservation, make temperature in canopy remain on 25 ℃ daytime, nighttime temperature is more than 10 ℃, remain the humidity of matrix in nutritive cube, 80% come up after, take off on a small quantity canopy aeration-cooling, after emerging, suitably reduce irrigation times, soil is shown in and dryly sees wetly, water every 10 days, with 500 times of liquid irrigating roots of 50% carbendazim simultaneously, prevent the generation of damping off, wherein 500 times of liquid consumptions of 50% carbendazim are that every ten thousand nutritive cubes need 80-100kg.
D, fast-growing phase and final-period management
Late April, after temperature tends towards stability, take off gradually canopy and leak informaton, strengthen ventilation and time, adopt large temperature difference management, in 20 days, throw off gradually canopy film, use sunshade net instead and shade.After seedling lignification, reduce moisture content supply, do not do and do not water, pour water should be in the morning with carry out at dusk, in conjunction with watering, within every 20 days, impose mass fraction simultaneously and be 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once, the amount that each solution sprays is every ten thousand nutritive cube 15kg, altogether spray 4 times, after the beginning of autumn, remove sunshade net.The seedling growth later stage is late August, stops irrigating, and notes draining in rainy season, and one year seedling can reach 30-40 centimetre, and can be with ball transplanting spring in next year.
Embodiment 3
A breeding method for cdear seedling, the method comprises the following steps: nutritive cube program request in seed collection and processing, shed, Seedling Stage management, fast-growing phase and final-period management:
The collection of a, seed and processing:
Cdear cone is ripe to Second Year October in next year, when cone is become when brown and can be gathered by cyan, the cone of collection is placed in to dry ventilation, spread out and tan by the sun, deviate from seed, airing is standby, 6 days prior to seeding, first with clear water, float not plump benevolence, with 600 times of thiophanate methyl spray solution sterilizations, then seed is contained in cloth bag, be placed on the emerge in worm water 22 hours of 30 ℃, then on wet cloth, spread out, keep the humidity of cloth, when Seed sprouting shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, just can program request.
In recent years inventor utilize Greenhouse in summer cuttage and spring field seeding, all, because managing the reasons such as drought in not in place and spring, grow seedlings unsuccessfully, caused larger economic loss.
B, sowing
Be annual front and back in-7 days on the 5th March the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term), by 100 m 2put the amount of growing seedlings of 10,000 nutritive cubes, build plastic canopy, shed height is to facilitate room entry/exit management to be as the criterion.Sowing soil is divided into sowing media and covers matrix.Sowing media is selected sandy loam, and sandy loam and the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed are mixed by 5:2, stirs, harrows carefully, uses carbendazim solution spray disinfectant, and every 100kg sowing media needs carbendazim solution 1kg.Cover the thin river sand of wash clean for matrix.Select the black polyethylene film nutritive cube of (bore * height) 15cm * 15cm type bear, during sowing, in nutritive cube, first pack the sowing media that 12cm is high into, the seed of germination is greatly head-up inserted in sowing media, upper strata covers the thick thin river sand of 1cm, nutritive cube after program request by shed size near putting into furrow, the native ridging of every furrow surrounding, then disposable water permeable.Between furrow and furrow, stop management channels.
C, Seedling Stage management
After planting, detain immediately canopy and heat soil moisture conservation, make temperature in canopy remain on 25 ℃ daytime, nighttime temperature is more than 10 ℃, remain the humidity of matrix in nutritive cube, 80% come up after, take off on a small quantity canopy aeration-cooling, after emerging, suitably reduce irrigation times, soil is shown in and dryly sees wetly, water every 10 days, with 500 times of liquid irrigating roots of 50% carbendazim simultaneously, prevent the generation of damping off, wherein 500 times of liquid consumptions of 50% carbendazim are that every ten thousand nutritive cubes need 80-100kg.
D, fast-growing phase and final-period management
Late April, after temperature tends towards stability, take off gradually canopy and leak informaton, strengthen ventilation and time, adopt large temperature difference management, in 20 days, throw off gradually canopy film, use sunshade net instead and shade.After seedling lignification, reduce moisture content supply, do not do and do not water, pour water should be in the morning with carry out at dusk, in conjunction with watering, within every 20 days, impose mass fraction simultaneously and be 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once, the amount that each solution sprays is every ten thousand nutritive cube 15kg, altogether spray 4 times, after the beginning of autumn, remove sunshade net.The seedling growth later stage is late August, stops irrigating, and notes draining in rainy season, and one year seedling can reach 30-40 centimetres, and can be with ball transplanting spring in next year.

Claims (5)

1. a breeding method for cdear seedling, the method comprises the following steps: nutritive cube program request in seed collection and processing, shed, Seedling Stage management, fast-growing phase and final-period management:
The collection of a, seed and processing: cdear cone is ripe October in next year to Second Year, when cone is become when brown and can be gathered by cyan, the cone of collection is placed in to dry ventilation and spreads that to deviate from seed airing after tanning by the sun standby out, 5-7 days seeds first go not plump benevolence prior to seeding, with being placed on after 600 times of thiophanate methyl solution disinfections to soak in the water of 30-35 ℃ after 20-25 hour, spreading out and cover wet cloth again, just can program request when Seed sprouting shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;
Nutritive cube program request in b, shed: on annual March-7 on the 5th, by 100 m 2put the amount of growing seedlings of ten thousand nutritive cubes of 0.8-1 and build plastic canopy; During sowing, in nutritive cube, first pack the sowing media that 12-17cm is thick into, again the seed of germination is greatly head-up inserted in sowing media, upper strata covers the thick thin river sand of 1-2cm, nutritive cube after program request by shed size near putting into furrow, between furrow and furrow, stop management channels, the native ridging of every furrow surrounding, then disposable water permeable;
C, Seedling Stage management: after planting detain canopy and heat soil moisture conservation, make in canopy temperature remain on 20-25 ℃ daytime, nighttime temperature is more than 10 ℃, in nutritive cube, water permeable, after 80% comes up, take off canopy aeration-cooling, after emerging, reduce irrigation times make soil see dry see wet, simultaneously every 5~10 days with 500 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 500 times of liquid irrigating roots of 70% thiophanate methyl, prevent the generation of damping off;
D, fast-growing phase and final-period management: late April, after temperature tends towards stability, taking off canopy leaks informaton, adopt large temperature difference management, in 15-20 days, throw off gradually canopy film, using sunshade net instead shades, after seedling lignification, reducing moisture content supply does not do and does not water, while watering, avoid the megathermal period at noon, within every 20-25 days, foliage-spray mass fraction is 3% simultaneously urea or mass fraction are 3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, altogether spray 3-4 time, the amount that each solution sprays is every ten thousand nutritive cube 10-15kg, after the beginning of autumn, remove sunshade net, the seedling growth later stage is late August, stop irrigating, note draining in rainy season, one year seedling reaches 30-40 centimetre, can be with ball transplanting spring in next year.
2. the breeding method of a kind of cdear seedling according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sowing media is after sandy loam and the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed mix by 5:2-1, to stir, harrow carefully and make, 200-400 times of liquid zineb or carbendazim spray disinfectant for described sowing media.
3. the breeding method of a kind of cdear seedling according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described nutritive cube is black polyethylene film nutritive cube.
4. the breeding method of a kind of cdear seedling according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described nutritive cube bore is 10-15cm, the high 15-20cm of being.
5. according to the breeding method of a kind of cdear seedling described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterized in that: 500 times of liquid of described 50% carbendazim or be that every ten thousand nutritive cubes need 80-100kg with the consumption of 500 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl.
CN201410371924.2A 2014-07-31 A kind of breeding method of Cedrus deoclar (Roxb.) G. Don Seedling Expired - Fee Related CN104126403B (en)

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