CN105248082A - Method for rapidly cultivating seed balls of Liatris spicata (L.) Willd - Google Patents
Method for rapidly cultivating seed balls of Liatris spicata (L.) Willd Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for rapidly cultivating seed balls of Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. The method comprises the steps of seed sowing, cormel cultivation, large ball cultivation and seed ball harvest and the like. According to the method, the period of seed ball cultivation is obviously shortened, and the diameters of 80% of seed balls cultivated for one year can reach 3.5 cm. During the process of breeding the seed balls by the technology method, artificial substance is used during early stage cultivation, germination rate of seeds is high, weeds are prevented, operation is simple, factory-like operation can be carried out, and standardization degree is substantially increased. Growing periods of the seed balls are short, and ages of the seed balls are appropriate; and diameters of the seed balls are large, blooming rate is high, the number of flowers is large, sizes of the seed balls are uniform, and commercial value is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of method of quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball.
Background technology
Prairie pine, formal name used at school is Liatrisspicata (L.) Willd, perennial root herbaceous plant.Subterranean stem expands in oblate spheroid.Premium purple.Florescence is summer, autumn.Because the little capitulum of majority is gathered into close long spike, little Hua from top to bottom order is open, like the tail that rattle snake is rustled, gains the name in whip shape.The prairie pine florescence reaches 1 month, and the nature florescence is midsummer, and scape is stood upright, and pattern is luicd and elegant, not only has U.S. of nature flower material, and has fine colored implied meaning.
The history that prairie pine introduces China is longer, and initial stage Main Function does cut-flower cultivation, and the later stage is mainly used as flower bed flower border and garden plant.Along with the development of leisure agriculture industry and urban look cause in recent years, because prairie pine has outstanding drought-enduring, the premium properties such as impoverishment tolerant, resistance to damage by disease and insect, add significant practical application effect, the consumption of prairie pine sharply increases.Current prairie pine high-quality kind ball mainly relies on external import, and cost compare is high, limits the extensive use of prairie pine.Prairie pine is from being seeded into the needs 2 years of blooming, but number of blooming is few, Hua Sui is very short, reach reasonable appreciation effect, number of blooming needs more than 3 arrows, and flower spike length degree is more than 30 centimetres, long more than 80 centimetres of inflorescence, planting bulb diameter and need reach 3-4 centimetre, from being seeded into above-mentioned growth conditions, at least needing the 3-4 year.From production Planting status, it is substantially unrealistic that the existing type of seeding of prairie pine kind ball is applied to commercial field, and main cause is: one, the growth cycle of prairie pine is long; Two, prairie pine seedling early growth is slow, and plant is immature, and management difficulty is very big; Three, prairie pine requires high to cultivation conditions such as matrix, and Applicative time and place are all severely limited.Therefore, directly the large ball of prairie pine kind ball is applied to leisure agriculture or urban landscape construction seems particularly urgent.Domestic producer and researcher once did certain practice and research to the culture technique of prairie pine.Tieling forestry scientific research once disclosed sowing and the culture technique of prairie pine.Retrieve other all kinds of existing literature search and the discovery of various places production practices situation, these planting types are substantially all adopt conventional method after planting to wait for that kind of a ball is slowly grown up, at least need 3-4 year kind ball just can grow to more than diameter 3-4 centimetre, plant could normally bloom.In addition, conventional method percentage of seedgermination is extremely low, and production capacity is little.These methods, except there is the defect of cycle length, the more important thing is that its large-scale degree is not high, and planting ball production does not have standards system, and kind ball is second-rate, causes the commercial value of kind of ball not high.
Therefore, in order to overcome these defects that prior art exists, a kind of method developing quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming of prior art in view of the above; the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball, low for the germination rate solving prairie pine seed in prior art, output is little, cultivation period is long, large-scale degree is not high, plant ball produces problems such as not having standards system, plant ball quality defect, commercial value is low.
For achieving the above object and other relevant objects, the invention provides a kind of method of quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball, comprise the steps:
Steps A: the sowing of seed
One or more selecting in perlite and bog moss, turfy soil, leaf mould mix as matrix, by prairie pine planting seed in the substrate, adopt perlite or vermiculite cover and water after planting seed, in the environment of 18-22 DEG C, cultivate the prairie pine seed sprouting to more than 80% quantity;
Step B: the cultivation of bulbec
The prairie pine seed of germination is moved into the cultivation that greenhouse carries out bulbec, and the cultivation of bulbec is divided into three phases:
First stage: environmental temperature is 18-25 DEG C, use the fertilizer that N, P, K weight ratio is 20:10:20 to apply fertilizer, the blade cultivated to the prairie pine seedling of more than 80% quantity reaches two panels; Preferably, the cultivation time in this stage is 14-21 days;
Second stage: environmental temperature is 15-25 DEG C, uses the fertilizer that N, P, K weight ratio is 20:10:20 to apply fertilizer, and the prairie pine seedling cultivated to more than 80% quantity reaches 3 leaf 1 hearts;
Phase III: environmental temperature is 12-22 DEG C, the fertilizer that the weight ratio being used alternatingly N, P, K is respectively 15:0:15 and 20:10:20 applies fertilizer, and the prairie pine seedling cultivated to more than 80% quantity at least reaches 4 leaf 1 hearts;
Step C: the cultivation of large ball
First get the original soil water furnishing thin mud of planting site, the prairie pine kind shoot root cultivated the step C phase III dips in this thin mud, field planting prairie pine seedling, covers with cladding material after field planting seedling, and described cladding material is one or more combinations in pine needle, the dregs of a decoction, mushroom bacteria slag, straw; Be preferably one or both combinations in pine needle or the dregs of a decoction, the described dregs of a decoction are the red sage root, matrimony vine, Radix Isatidis, folium isatidis, loguat leaf, the Radix Isatidis dregs of a decoction etc., cultivate to the blade of prairie pine plant withered; Preferably, the soil property of large ball cultivation base is sandy loam or sandy soil.
Step D: the results of planting ball
The blade more than ground of prairie pine plant starts to dig prairie pine kind ball after all withering.
Further, steps A also comprises planting seed pre-treatment: sowed after prairie pine seed collection in two weeks, or will mix with sand after prairie pine seed collection and preserve, and sows in 10 months.
Further, when mixing with sand after prairie pine seed collection in steps A and preserve, prairie pine seed mixes with husky volume ratio of pressing 1:3, and the moisture content of described sand is 20-40wt%, described sand is the river sand of particle diameter between 1-2mm, and prairie pine mixes rear temperature of preserving not higher than 4 DEG C with husky.
Further, in steps A, perlite mixes by the volume ratio of 1:3-4 with one or more in bog moss, turfy soil, leaf mould, the thickness covering perlite or vermiculite after prairie pine planting seed is 0.1-3cm, and after covering, the cultivation time of prairie pine seed is 8-15 days.
Perlite is the mineral matter formed by siliceous volcanic, gains the name because having precious bead-type spherical crackle.This mineral matter has airtight born of the same parents' columnar structure.There is following characteristics: 1, good permeability, water content is moderate, after perlite is poured water, most of moisture remains on surface, because wawter tension is little, easy flowing, therefore perlite is easy to draining, be easy to ventilation, although perlitic water imbibition is not as vermiculite, but when there is water in lower floor, perlite is by the conduction of moisture between particle, can the water of lower floor be sucked in whole basin, and keep suitable permeability, its water content can meet needed for root system of plant life completely, therefore when the flowers that some aqueous vapor proportion requirement of cultivation are stricter, it is better than selecting vermiculite to select perlite.Particularly when cultivating the acid southern flowers of some happinesses, perlite more can embody its advantage.2, stable chemical nature, perlitic pH value is pH7.0 ~ 7.5, the chemical element containing minority in perlite, but great majority can not directly be absorbed by root system of plant, its acid-base value is higher than vermiculite, and also he is applicable to one of reason of plantation south happiness acid flower just for this.3, soilless culture substrate can be used as separately use, also can be used in combination with peat, vermiculite etc.
Vermiculite is the mica shape material that silicate material is formed after high-temperature heating, No. CAS: 1318-00-9, there is good resiliency, and water insoluble, and containing the magnesium that can be utilized by flowers and potassium, be the excellent substrates of soilless culture.Vermiculite meta-alkalescence, re-use commonly use the acid solution process of pH5.5-6.5 in soilless culture after, as used in combination with the highly acid peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite can use l-2 time continuously.Vermiculite dries out rapidly and expands in heating process, and the volume after expansion is equivalent to the 8-20 of original volume doubly, thus makes this material add ventilating slit and water retention capacity, and vermiculite unit weight is 130-180kg/m
3, in neutral to alkalescence (pH7-9), every cubic metre of vermiculite can absorb the water of 500-650 liter, can discharge appropriate potassium, calcium, magnesium after steam disinfection.As gardening vermiculite, its Main Function is the air capacity of soils and the moisture capacity that increase cultivation matrix.Because it is frangible, along with the prolongation of service time, cultivation matrix is easily made to lose air capacity of soils and moisture capacity because packing raises, so thick vermiculite is longer for service time than thin vermiculite, and effective, therefore, gardening vermiculite should select thicker laminar vermiculite.Select vermiculite as the covering of prairie pine seed in the present invention.
Bog moss, Classification system HerbaSphagni, be distributed widely in the northeast of China, East China, the area such as Central-South and southwestern and Europe, America, Oceania, the moisture of 20 ~ 25 times of Absorbable rod own wt, has effect that is ventilative and moisturizing.Turfy soil, the content of organic matter is more than 30%, and quality is soft is easy to fragmentary, many in brown or black, has flammable and inspiratory.Leaf mould is the Nutrition Soil that plant leaf is formed in soil after microbial decomposition fermentation.
Preferably, described turfy soil is northeast turfy soil.
Preferably, the perlite in matrix, the covering perlite of seed, the particle diameter of vermiculite are 2-4mm.
Further, in step B, the fertilising concentration of first stage is 50-75ppm, applies fertilizer weekly once; The fertilising concentration of second stage is 100-150ppm, applies fertilizer weekly twice; The fertilising concentration of two kinds of fertilizer described in the phase III is 100-150ppm, applies fertilizer weekly twice, and namely each wherein a kind of fertilizer that uses applies fertilizer, and two kinds of fertilizer are used alternatingly, and often kind of fertilizer is executed weekly once.Above-mentioned fertilising concentration is mass concentration.
Further, before planting prairie pine seedling in step C, 80-100cm is ploughed deeply to cultivation base comprehensively, well-rotted farmyard manure is applied as base fertilizer by the consumption of 1500kg/ mu, earthing on base fertilizer again, base fertilizer thickness is 2:3 with the ratio of thickness of earth covering, executes broad-spectrum germicide 0.75kg/ mu.Described well-rotted farmyard manure is well-known to those skilled in the art by the rotten organic manure become thoroughly decomposed of heap after the mixing such as feces of livestock and poultry, barnyard manure or agricultural crop straw.
Preferably, described wide-spectrum bactericide is trichlorphon, and formal name used at school O, O-dimethyl-(the chloro-1-hydroxyethyl of 2,2,2-tri-) phosphonate ester, No. CAS is 52-68-6.
Further, when planting prairie pine seedling in step C, the spacing of adjacent seedling is 30cm.
Further, when planting prairie pine seedling in step C, hold up straight prairie pine seedling and the upper soil of training, carry on seedling is slight, then cover tightly with soil, water normal root water.
Further, in step C, the large ball nurturing period removes inflorescence to the plant bloomed.The time of removing should be as early as possible.
Further, in step D, after the blade more than ground of prairie pine plant is all withered 2 weeks, start to dig prairie pine kind ball, when digging kind of ball, from the periphery of close collar portion blade on plant, dig kind of a ball, avoid causing damage to prairie pine kind ball.
As mentioned above, the present invention is through a large amount of experimental studies and draws, has following beneficial effect:
1, the kind ball cultivation period of prairie pine obviously shortens.Prior seed type of seeding is adopted to breed prairie pine kind ball, if plant bulb diameter to reach 4-5 centimetre, usually more than 3 years are taken, and planting ball compliance rate can not higher than 60%, and cultivate kind of a ball by the inventive method, through the cultivation of 1 year, the kind ball number that diameter can reach 3.5 centimetres accounted for 80% of the total number of results, through the cultivation of 2 years, the kind ball number accounting that diameter reaches more than 5 centimetres can reach 80%.
2, ball standardization level is planted high.The kind ball yield rate that this technical method is bred, up to 85%, is beneficial to factorial praluction, for large-scale standardized production kind ball lays the foundation.
3, laborsaving saving of labor.This technical method is bred in kind of ball process, and the First Year nurturing period adopts artificial substratum, and percentage of seedgermination is high, without weeds, simple to operate, shortens cultivation period.The bulbec uniformity that First Year is bred is high, does not substantially need classification process, and plants ball stalwartness, simple to operate when Second Year breeds large ball, greatly reduces labor cost.
4, ball quality is planted high.The kind ball that the inventive method is cultivated is short for vegetative period, and the kind ball age is suitable, and plant bulb diameter greatly, flowering rate is high, and number of blooming is many, and the uniformity of planting ball size is good, and item property is excellent, has huge market value.
Embodiment
Below by way of specific instantiation, embodiments of the present invention are described, those skilled in the art the content disclosed by this specification can understand other advantages of the present invention and effect easily.The present invention can also be implemented or be applied by embodiments different in addition, and the every details in this specification also can based on different viewpoints and application, carries out various modification or change not deviating under spirit of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball, step is as follows:
Steps A: the sowing of seed
Planting seed pre-treatment: the prairie pine selecting inflorescence length to be greater than 20 centimetres is as the use of seed of gathering, and all the other are grown unhealthy and strong prairie pine inflorescence and all throw away.Prairie pine seed selected by gathering on October 15th, 2013, removes the foreign material such as weeds, stone, is then tedded by seed in next week of environment without direct sunlight after seed collection.Seed after gathering should be sowed in two weeks, if sowing after exceeding two weeks, seed too much can cause germination rate lower because of dehydration.
On October 23rd, 2013, select perlite and northeast turfy soil to mix as matrix according to the volume ratio of 1:3, load in the cave dish of 200 cave specifications.The seed dried by above-mentioned steps A is put into clear water and is soaked 15 minutes, and then sow in the dish of each cave, cover with perlite after planting seed, the thickness of covering, at 0.1-3cm, is as the criterion just can cover seed.The perlite of the perlite in matrix and covering seed is identical perlite, and its particle diameter is 2-4mm.Water permeable after covering, it is in the environment of 18-22 DEG C that cave dish is moved into temperature, and every day nurturing period sprays 2-3 time, makes matrix keep moistening, and through 10 days, the prairie pine seed of more than 80% quantity started to germinate.The time of germinateing from the prairie pine seed of planting seed more than 80% quantity is normally at 8-15 days.
Step B: the cultivation of bulbec
First stage: after prairie pine seed sprouting on November 4th, 2013 immigration greenhouse carry out the cultivation of bulbec.Between November 4 to November 20 in 2013, maintenance greenhouse temperature is 18-25 DEG C, has just gone out in growing floor 1 week, every morning 11 water spray once, make stromal surface keep moisture state.November 11 and working concentration on November 18 are 75ppm and the fertilizer that the weight ratio of N, P, K is 20:10:20 applies fertilizer, and the nurturing period keeps full exposure, does not shelter from heat or light.Cultivation grows to 2 to the prairie pine kind seedling leaf of more than 80% quantity.
Second stage: from 21 days November in 2013, daytime does not heat, be as the criterion with warm indoor nature temperature, greenhouse temperature remains on 15-25 DEG C, no longer spraying and moisturizing, water with apply fertilizer synchronous, the weight ratio of employing N, P, K is the fertilizer fertilising of 20:10:20, fertilising concentration is 150ppm, applies fertilizer weekly twice, can reach 3 leaf 1 hearts to the seedling of more than 80% quantity during December 15.
Phase III: after December 15, daytime does not heat, and greenhouse temperature remains on 12-22 DEG C, irrigates after the matrix of watering parches again, often water twice water fertilising once, during fertilising, the weight ratio of employing N, P, K is the fertilizer alternately fertilising of 15:0:15 and 20:10:20, and fertilising concentration is 150ppm, apply fertilizer weekly twice, namely each wherein a kind of fertilizer that uses applies fertilizer, and two kinds of fertilizer are used alternatingly, and often kind of fertilizer is executed weekly once.In fertilizer, the consumption of phosphorus suitably reduces compared to second stage, is conducive to the growth controlling kind of seedling leaf.To March 20, prairie pine seedling well developed root system, the plant of more than 80% quantity was at 5 leaf 1 hearts or more, and the bulbec diameter of this kind of prairie pine can reach 1.2-1.5 centimetre, and reaching can the level of growth of the large ball of transplanting breeding.
Step C: the cultivation of large ball
The nursery lot that illumination condition is good, drainage condition is good is selected in large ball cultivation base, and soil property is sandy loam.Before field planting prairie pine seedling, 80-100cm is ploughed to base, bedding, well-rotted farmyard manure is applied as base fertilizer by the consumption of 1500kg/ mu, earthing on base fertilizer again, base fertilizer thickness is 2:3 with the ratio of thickness of earth covering, execute broad-spectrum germicide 0.75kg/ mu, well-rotted farmyard manure is well-known to those skilled in the art by the rotten organic manure become thoroughly decomposed of heap after the mixing such as feces of livestock and poultry, barnyard manure or agricultural crop straw, wide-spectrum bactericide is preferably trichlorphon, formal name used at school O, O-dimethyl-(2,2, the chloro-1-hydroxyethyl of 2-tri-) phosphonate ester, No. CAS is 52-68-6; Again along garden ground main by-path and production road build crisscross irrigation and drainage irrigation canals and ditches, plantation ditch is opened by the specification of wide 20cm, dark 30cm, can water to reach drought with making garden, the requirement that can arrange of flood, the previous day of plantation seedling, furrow water permeable, soil natural is absorbed water, portion of water natural evaporation, within second day, beat planting pit and plant seedling at dusk.
During plantation prairie pine seedling, first get the original soil water furnishing thin mud on ground, plantation garden, then the prairie pine kind shoot root cultivated the step C phase III dips in this thin mud, then field planting prairie pine seedling, the spacing of adjacent seedling is 30cm, every cave field planting 1 strain seedling.Hold up straight prairie pine seedling during field planting and a large amount of soil be covered with to its root, then by seedling gently on carry, to make root system naturally unfold, and then earthing tracks tramping compacting, waters sufficient normal root water.The field planting degree of depth of seedling is just buried in the earth with the short stem on cuttings top, dish top, original seed seedling cave and is as the criterion, and after plantation, first time waters and is called normal root water, normal root water is watered foot and irrigates, select local pine needle to cover after field planting.
Weed a garden for 3 times between the 4-9 months in 2014, and spread fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer in garden twice on April 25th, 2014 and June 20, fertilizer application norm is 2 kilograms every mu.Nurturing period there is inflorescence in part prairie pine plant, and inflorescence is just extractd immediately once longer.This large ball nurturing period monthly can impose the phosphorus potash fertilizer such as the high potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 1-2 P, K content.
Step D: the results of planting ball
After fall temperature reduces, prairie pine ground plant starts to wither, and prairie pine ground plant all withered latter 2 weeks, on October 10th, 2014, removes more than ground large dead twigs and withered leaves, stop prairie pine collar portion blade, then start to dig kind of a ball.Dig from plant collar portion blade periphery is careful when digging kind of ball, in order to avoid destroy kind of a ball.After kind of ball digs out, reject the foreign material of kind of ball along band, classification is preserved.
Through random statistical, the kind bulb diameter of more than 80% quantity can reach 4 centimetres.
Embodiment 2
A method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball, step is as follows:
Steps A: the sowing of seed
Planting seed pre-treatment: the prairie pine selecting inflorescence length to be greater than 20 centimetres is as the use of seed of gathering, and all the other are grown unhealthy and strong prairie pine inflorescence and all throw away.Prairie pine seed selected by gathering on October 15th, 2013, the foreign material such as weeds, stone are removed after seed collection, due to the present embodiment gather after seed demand be persisted to Second Year sowing, therefore, husky Tibetan need be adopted, to avoid seed to cause dehydration because of long storage time, and then when causing planting seed, germination rate is low.Specifically mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:3 with husky by seed, be housed in 4 DEG C of cold storage at constant temperatures, be husky Tibetan, the sand of employing is preferably the river sand of particle diameter between 1-2mm, and husky moisture content is 20-40wt%.
On February 25th, 2014, select perlite and bog moss to mix as matrix according to the volume ratio of 1:4, load the cave dish of 128 cave specifications.The seed hidden by sand takes out, and screens out river sand, then by planting seed in the dish of each cave, cover with vermiculite after planting seed, the thickness of covering is 0.1-3cm, is as the criterion just can cover seed.The particle diameter of the vermiculite of the perlite in matrix, covering seed is 2-4mm.Water permeable after covering, it is that in 18-22 DEG C of environment, every day nurturing period sprays 2-3 time that cave dish is moved into temperature, makes matrix keep moistening, and through 8 days, the prairie pine seed of more than 80% quantity started to germinate.
Step B: the cultivation of bulbec
First stage: be moved out on March 6th, 2014 cultivation that greenhouse carries out bulbec after prairie pine seed sprouting.Between March 6 to March 20 in 2014, keep greenhouse temperature 18-25 DEG C, just taken out of in growing floor 1 week, every morning 11 water spray once, make stromal surface keep moisture state, when noon, sunshine was strong, draw the 2-3 hour that to shade outside lid sunshade net.March 11 and March 18 working concentration be 50ppm and N, P, K weight ratio is the fertilizer fertilising of 20:10:20, the kind seedling leaf cultivated to more than 80% quantity grows to 2.
Second stage: from 19 days March in 2014, Nei Wen temperature at night in greenhouse is as the criterion with greenhouse Natural regulation temperature, do not heat, temperature maintains 15-25 DEG C, no longer sprays water, water with apply fertilizer synchronous, the weight ratio of employing N, P, K is the fertilizer fertilising of 20:10:20, fertilising concentration is 100ppm, applies fertilizer weekly twice, can reach 3 leaf 1 hearts to the seedling of more than 80% quantity during April 15.
Phase III: after April 15, temperature remains on 12-22 DEG C, irrigate again after the matrix of watering parches, often water twice water fertilising once, use the fertilizer alternately fertilising that the weight ratio of N, P, K is 15:0:15 and 20:10:20, the fertilising concentration of two kinds of fertilizer is 100ppm, apply fertilizer weekly twice, namely each wherein a kind of fertilizer that uses applies fertilizer, and two kinds of fertilizer are used alternatingly, and often kind of fertilizer is executed weekly once.In fertilizer, the consumption of phosphorus suitably reduces compared to second stage, is conducive to the growth controlling kind of seedling leaf.To May 10, prairie pine seedling well developed root system, the plant of more than 80% quantity can reach 4 leaf 1 hearts or more, and the bulbec diameter of this kind of prairie pine plant is 1-1.3 centimetre, and reaching can the level of growth of the large ball of transplanting breeding.
Step C: the cultivation of large ball
The nursery lot that the selection of large ball cultivation base is good at illumination condition, drainage condition is good, soil property is sandy soil.Before 10 days Mays in 2014, namely before field planting prairie pine seedling, 80-100cm is ploughed to garden, bedding, well-rotted farmyard manure is applied as base fertilizer by the consumption of 1500kg/ mu, earthing on base fertilizer again, base fertilizer thickness is 2:3 with the ratio of thickness of earth covering, execute broad-spectrum germicide 0.75kg/ mu, well-rotted farmyard manure is well-known to those skilled in the art by feces of livestock and poultry, the rotten organic manure become thoroughly decomposed of heap after the mixing such as barnyard manure or agricultural crop straw, wide-spectrum bactericide is preferably trichlorphon, formal name used at school O, O-dimethyl-(2, 2, the chloro-1-hydroxyethyl of 2-tri-) phosphonate ester, No. CAS is 52-68-6, again along garden ground main by-path and production road build crisscross irrigation and drainage irrigation canals and ditches, plantation ditch is opened by the specification of wide 20cm, dark 30cm, can water to reach drought with making garden, the requirement that can arrange of flood, the previous day of plantation seedling, furrow water permeable, soil natural absorbs water, portion of water natural evaporation, within second day, beats planting pit and plants seedling at dusk.
On May 12nd, 2014 starts prairie pine seedling of planting, and the spacing of adjacent seedling is 30cm, plants 1 strain seedling in every cave.
During plantation prairie pine seedling, first get the original soil water furnishing thin mud on ground, plantation garden, again prairie pine kind shoot root is dipped in this thin mud, then field planting prairie pine seedling, hold up straight prairie pine seedling during field planting and a large amount of soil be covered with to its root, by seedling gently on carry, naturally unfold to make root system, and then earthing tracks tramping compacting, water sufficient normal root water.The field planting degree of depth is just buried in people's soil with the short stem on cuttings top, dish top, original seed seedling cave and is as the criterion, and after plantation, first time waters and is called normal root water, and normal root water waters foot and irrigates, and selects the red sage root dregs of a decoction to cover after field planting.
Weed a garden for 3 times between the 5-9 months in 2014, and spread fertilizer over the fields composite fertilizer in garden three times on June 25th, 2014, July 15 and August 10, fertilizer application norm is 2 kilograms every mu.Nurturing period there is inflorescence in prairie pine plant seldom partly, and inflorescence is just extractd immediately once sprouting.
Step D: the results of planting ball
After fall temperature reduces, prairie pine ground plant starts to wither, and prairie pine ground plant all withered latter 2 weeks, on October 10th, 2014, removes more than ground large dead twigs and withered leaves, stop prairie pine collar portion blade, then start to dig kind of a ball.Dig, in order to avoid destroy kind of a ball plant collar portion blade periphery is careful when digging kind of ball.After kind of ball digs out, reject the foreign material of kind of ball along band, classification is preserved.
Through random statistical, the kind bulb diameter of more than 80% quantity can reach 3.5 centimetres.
Comparative example 1:
Prior art cultivates the method for prairie pine kind ball, comprises the steps:
A, seed collection and process
Between in October, 2013, gather seed after prairie pine seed scape browning look, with pruner, scape is cut gently, be placed on Polypropylence Sheet and bask seeds, beat with waddy after dry, remove foreign material, load in cloth bag and be placed on aeration-drying place storage.
B, planting seed
Dry Tibetan seed is put into vat together with cloth bag and is soaked 48 hours by late March, 2014, change water 4-6 time, seed is pulled out, be put in plastic basin, potassium permanganate solution with 5% soaks 5-10 minute, then washes 4 times with clear water, drains, drain refer to seed is spread out after dry, by drain seed mixing isopyknic wet sand.
Seedbed prepare: first ground surface soil spade is dug 30 centimetres, then an animal-drawn seed plough put down, ensure bed surface smooth and without soil block, do growth 11 meters, high 15 ~ 20 centimetres, bed surface is wide 112 centimetres, the seed bed of wide 30 centimetres of pavement, before broadcasting, a whole night waters water at the bottom of one time.
Sowing: adopt bed surface to broadcast sowing.Seed is evenly tiled on seedbed, is advisable not reveal bed surface.Then cover sand and mix soil, native husky volume ratio is 3: 2.Careless stay cord is covered with after the suppression 2 times of iron roller.At the beginning of 2014 5 months, percentage of seedgermination about 15%.
From watering after planting to before emerging, every day respectively waters an airing water sooner or later, and principle keeps bed surface moistening, in order to emerging.To cut down according to the circumstance irrigation times according to soil moisture content and weather, seedling gesture after emerging.
C, kind ball are cultivated
Because the seedling of this nurturing period is little, weeds are many, must control weeds, and principle sees that grass just pulls out, in case can be with seedling when grass pulls out greatly again.Seedling during the uprooting weed time-division, waters in order to avoid ventilative after thinning at once.In final singling mid-July, every square metre is stayed seedling 350 ~ 400 strain.
The results of D, kind ball
On October 10th, 2014, remove the dead twigs and withered leaves on prairie pine plant, dig kind of a ball.Through random statistical, the kind bulb diameter of more than 80% quantity only has 1.5-2 centimetre, and second-rate, commercial value is low.
Comparative example 2:
Prior art cultivates the method for prairie pine kind ball, comprises the steps:
A, mother bulb are split.
In October, 2013 stores after results kind of ball.In March, 2014 takes out, and selects diameter more than 4 centimetres and has the large ball of multiple eye, is 4 fritters with the incision of sharp pocket knife.
B, kind ball are cultivated.A plot for ball is planted in selection kind, and by the bead plantation split above, the degree of depth that planting soil covers kind of ball is about 3-4 centimetre, weeding in time after kind ball sprouts.
The results of C, kind ball
On October 10th, 2014, remove the dead twigs and withered leaves on prairie pine plant, dig kind of a ball.Through random statistical, the kind bulb diameter of more than 80% quantity reaches 3-3.5 centimetre, but due to kind of ball plant time split, therefore, in process of growth rot kind ball number more, fail sprout.Further, in the kind ball of results, the eye of planting ball is also uneven, and planting ball has scar, susceptible damage by disease and insect.
In sum, the cycle that in method of the present invention, prairie pine kind ball is cultivated obviously shortens, and cultivates in the kind ball after 1 year and has the diameter of 80% quantity kind ball all can reach 3.5 centimetres.This technical method is bred in kind of ball process, and the nurturing period in early stage adopts artificial substratum, and percentage of seedgermination is high, without weeds, simple to operate, and can batch production operate, standardization level significantly improves.Plant ball short for vegetative period, the kind ball age is suitable; Plant bulb diameter large, flowering rate is high, and number of blooming is many, and the uniformity of planting ball size is good, and commercial value is high.
Above-described embodiment is illustrative principle of the present invention and effect thereof only, but not for limiting the present invention.Any person skilled in the art scholar all without prejudice under spirit of the present invention and category, can modify above-described embodiment or changes.Therefore, such as have in art usually know the knowledgeable do not depart from complete under disclosed spirit and technological thought all equivalence modify or change, must be contained by claim of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Steps A: the sowing of seed
One or more selecting in perlite and bog moss, turfy soil, leaf mould mix as matrix, by prairie pine planting seed Medium Culture, adopt perlite or vermiculite cover and water after planting seed, in the environment of 18-22 DEG C, cultivate the prairie pine seed sprouting to more than 80% quantity;
Step B: the cultivation of bulbec
The prairie pine seed of germination is moved into the cultivation that greenhouse carries out bulbec, and the cultivation of bulbec is divided into three phases:
First stage: environmental temperature is 18-25 DEG C, use the fertilizer that N, P, K weight ratio is 20:10:20 to apply fertilizer, the blade cultivated to the prairie pine seedling of more than 80% quantity reaches two panels;
Second stage: environmental temperature is 15-25 DEG C, uses the fertilizer that N, P, K weight ratio is 20:10:20 to apply fertilizer, and the prairie pine seedling cultivated to more than 80% quantity reaches 3 leaf 1 hearts;
Phase III: environmental temperature is 12-22 DEG C, the fertilizer that the weight ratio being used alternatingly N, P, K is respectively 15:0:15 and 20:10:20 applies fertilizer, and the prairie pine seedling cultivated to more than 80% quantity at least reaches 4 leaf 1 hearts;
Step C: the cultivation of large ball
First get the original soil water furnishing thin mud of planting site, the prairie pine kind shoot root cultivated the step C phase III dips in this thin mud, field planting prairie pine seedling, covers with cladding material after field planting seedling, and described cladding material is one or more combinations in pine needle, the dregs of a decoction, mushroom bacteria slag, straw;
Step D: the results of planting ball
The blade more than ground of prairie pine plant starts to dig prairie pine kind ball after all withering.
2. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, steps A also comprises planting seed pre-treatment: sowed after prairie pine seed collection in two weeks, or will mix with sand after prairie pine seed collection and preserve, and sows in 10 months.
3. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, when mixing with sand after prairie pine seed collection in steps A and preserve, prairie pine seed mixes with husky volume ratio of pressing 1:3, the moisture content of described sand is 20-40wt%, described sand is the river sand of particle diameter between 1-2mm, and prairie pine mixes rear temperature of preserving not higher than 4 DEG C with husky.
4. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in steps A, perlite mixes by the volume ratio of 1:3-4 with one or more in bog moss, turfy soil, leaf mould, and the thickness covering perlite or vermiculite after prairie pine planting seed is 0.1-3cm.
5. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step B, the fertilising concentration of first stage is 50-75ppm, applies fertilizer weekly once;
The fertilising concentration of second stage is 100-150ppm, applies fertilizer weekly twice;
The fertilising concentration of two kinds of fertilizer described in the phase III is 100-150ppm, applies fertilizer weekly twice.
6. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, before planting prairie pine seedling in step C, 80-100cm is ploughed deeply to cultivation base comprehensively, well-rotted farmyard manure is applied as base fertilizer by the consumption of 1500kg/ mu, earthing on base fertilizer again, base fertilizer thickness is 2:3 with the ratio of thickness of earth covering, executes broad-spectrum germicide 0.75kg/ mu.
7. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when planting prairie pine seedling in step C, the spacing of adjacent seedling is 30cm.
8. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when planting prairie pine seedling in step C, holds up straight prairie pine seedling and the upper soil of training, carries, then cover tightly with soil, water normal root water on seedling is slight.
9. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step C, the large ball nurturing period removes inflorescence to the plant bloomed.
10. the method for quickly breeding prairie pine kind ball according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step D, the blade more than ground of prairie pine plant all withered latter 2 weeks, start to dig prairie pine kind ball, when digging kind of ball, near the periphery of collar portion blade, dig a kind ball from plant.
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