CN103348857B - Method for planting pseudo-ginseng in high-altitude area - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting pseudo-ginseng in a high-altitude area. The method is used for introducing the pseudo-ginseng planted in an area with the altitude of 1500-1900m in the prior art to an area with the altitude range of 2000-2600m. The method includes the following steps: step1, selection of a planting environment: such as selection of an ecological environment, selection of terrain and section of soil texture, step2, application of a cold-resistant species group, step3, implementation of a sprouting method for improving planting power of seeds, step4, field production and management: seedbed making, greenhouse establishment, light adjustment and sowing and seedling raising, step 5, film mulching for cold prevention, step 6, reasonable pest control and prevention, and the like. The method serves as guidance for pseudo-ginseng introduction in the high-altitude area. According to the method, the planting environment and a planting area are selected according to ecological characteristics of the pseudo-ginseng, the suitable planting area is scientifically planned, and therefore the method is beneficial to benign development of pseudo-ginseng planting industry and guarantees indigenous genuineness of the pseudo-ginseng planted in a new producing area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to traditional Chinese medicine implantation methods, specifically a kind of implantation methods that is applicable to high altitude localities artificial cultivation pseudo-ginseng.
Background technology
Pseudo-ginseng
panax notoginseng(Burk1) F1H1Chen is Araliaceae Panax rare traditional Chinese medicine, and China is used the history of pseudo-ginseng to have last 600 years, and the history of cultivation pseudo-ginseng has more than 400 years.Because pseudo-ginseng has specific (special) requirements to growing environment, Xian Jinyi Yunnan Province Wenshan Prefecture is original producton location and main product ground.Due to the particularity of Panax notoginseng Growth environment and the narrow and small property of suitable planting area distribution, Soil-sickness Problem, 10 years above rotation cycle could be continued plantation, caused notoginseng planting soil circulation difficulty.And then it is very nervous to have formed pseudo-ginseng suitable planting plot, the ecological factor desired value of Yunnan, Genuine producing area mountain of papers is: temperature (monthly average): be minimumly not less than 0 ℃, higher than 33 ℃; Rainfall (year); 1000～1500mm; Height above sea level: 1500～1900m; Humidity (annual): 75～85%; Soil: red soil and brown-red soil.
At present, in putting into practice suitable planting zone-transfer process, in the base general layout of pseudo-ginseng and technical system, be also faced with a series of new technical bottlenecks, restricting the industrialized development of notoginseng planting.Tame pseudo-ginseng original producton location is because continuous cropping technology not yet solves, the soil of planting pseudo-ginseng can not recycle, cause Shi Zhong soil, the old producing region of pseudo-ginseng fewer and feweri, be difficult to implant mass pseudo-ginseng, limited the development of notoginseng planting industry and whole industry, the sustainable development of producing in order to realize pseudo-ginseng, for guaranteeing output and the quality of notoginseng planting zone-transfer, realizing notoginseng planting the most suitable region effectively expands, guarantee the production success of zone-transfer, we have invented the method for a kind of high altitude localities artificial cultivation pseudo-ginseng.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide for above-mentioned deficiency the method for a kind of high altitude localities artificial cultivation pseudo-ginseng.
The method of high altitude localities of the present invention artificial cultivation pseudo-ginseng comprises the following steps: the selection of (1) growing environment, as seed growth power technology is improved in climatic environment, physical features selection, vegetation and periphery forest environment, soil texture selection, the application of (2) cold-resistant kind, (3), (4) field produces and management, as do bed, Special sun net cool canopy, note changing light modulation, seeding and seedling raising, (5) plastic mulching protection against cold and freezing conditions, the reasonable prevention and control of (6) damage by disease and insect.
As follows under concrete steps:
1) selection of growing environment
(1) climatic environment: pseudo-ginseng is perennial root draft, the environment that property happiness is warm and slightly dark and damp, nice and cool, is afraid of severe cold, water stain and extremely hot, high light, subenvironment temperature equalization, humidity is larger, and rainfall is abundant, dry season, cloud and mist curled up, and air humidity is large, soil moisture regain at nightfall, morning fog period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m side is loose, the frost in winter suppresses the growth of damage by disease and insect, and spring, temperature recovery was slower, made seedling avoid the invasion and attack of cold in the late spring, the cool equilibrium of temperature, the ecotope that illumination and humidity are moderate;
(2) physical features: height above sea level: 2000-2600m; Gradient 10-25 degree, prevents low temperature cold damage, leeward environment according to high height above sea level physical features, selection, selects Dong Po, slope, the southeast, Northwest Slope, north slope, Northeast Slope; It is high, preferably mild that flatness is made every effort in selection, and be easy to the condition of draining, avoids ponding, and the gradient easily causes too greatly the difficult selection of water and soil loss;
(3) vegetation and periphery forest environment: the forest cover of mountain Middle-mountain Moist Evergreen Broadleaved Forests and half evergreen broad-leaved forest in subtropics, dense vegetation around, periphery forest coverage reaches more than 80%, without population centralized residence point and any industrial enterprise, there is no the pollution source at atmosphere, water source;
(4) soil texture: take forest yellowish soil as base soil, choose the sandy loam of slant acidity or be rich in loam, the folder sandy soil of humus, the Evening Tide that the soil is porous in plow layer, ventilative Li Shui, the night of tool granular structure can get damp again is native, native subacidity, pH value 5.5-7.0;
2) cold-resistant population is used
The subenvironment notoginseng planting garden, mountain region of height above sea level 1860m, plants no pesticide grown and chemical fertilizer continuously more than ten years, there is no serious plant disease, also do not find obvious continuous cropping obstacle, numerous by the rejuvenation for this pseudo-ginseng germ plasm resource and expansion, as the cold-resistant population provenance of promoting mainly of high height above sea level;
3) improve the method that seed growth power is germinateed
Standard seed treatment, improves percentage of seedgermination, survival rate of seedlings, and Panax notoginseng seeds and river sand layering are placed in container made of bamboo or cement pit, in environment clean, that ventilate, keeps river sand water content between 20～30%; Within every 15 days, check once,, the Panax notoginseng seeds that go mouldy rotten to remove observed humidity to control seed sprouting simultaneously; Seed is through afterripening, and can sow mid-January next year;
4) field produces and management
(1) make bed
Level land, ground, the gentle slope height of bed are 20～25 cm, and the hillside fields height of bed is 15～20 cm; Bedside is 120～150 cm; The wide 30cm in operation road makees bed, and bed surface is made pan tile shape, and bed soil is accomplished lower Song Shangshi, to improve soil permeability;
(2) Special sun net cool canopy
Conjoined green house: press 2m * 2m fixed point and plant stake, the high 1.8m-2.0 m of canopy, spread large bar (or iron wire) fixing, bedding sunshade net, the large bar of two rows middle part places iron wire film-pressing line, every sky is made " people " word shape with iron wire film-pressing line is strained, be fixed on two 7 fork middle parts, left and right, make cool canopy be " M " type, in order to windproof and draining, with Chinese fir twig or the square canopy that shelters from heat or light, its light transmittance is advisable to be no more than 20%;
Arc canopy: apart from bedside 10cm ground pitching pile, pile spacing is from being 150cm, tie up bow bar: the long 160～180cm of bow bar, with iron wire, bow bar is tied up on column, upper greenhouse: adopt 6～8 road canopy films, upper sunshade net makes to transplant ground light transmittance 50%～60%, is advisable apart from bottom of trench 2m left and right, limit, garden land used hitching post is strained and fixed film-pressing line, whole sunshade wire side tension;
(3) change light modulation
The illumination variation causing according to Various Seasonal, regulates garden iuuminting rate, the general seeding stage in early spring of transplant field, a little less than seedling growth, regulate lower light transmittance 18～25% in garden, summer has set in sunlight in vegetative period strengthens, temperature raises, and rainwater is many, high humidity, conjoined green house strengthens garden iuuminting rate 25～35%, put down surrounding edge net, ventilate, discharge humidity, reduce disease, arc canopy reduces light transmittance to 15～20%.
(4) seeding and seedling raising
Take to grow seedlings 1 year, transplant 3 years cropping patterns of 2 years, pseudo-ginseng is grown seedlings and sows 11～December, by 18～200,000 of every mu of sowings of 4 * 5cm specification, mid or late January in mid or late December to next year transplants, select healthy pseudo-ginseng seedling, plant transplantation of seedlings and transplant by 2.5～3.2 ten thousand plants/acre of every mu of plantations of 10x15cm specification; Before sowing, by 1-2 kind bactericide seed soaking for seed, before transplanting, cultivating soil and seedling carry out sterilization treatment,
5) protection against cold and freezing conditions
(1) litter: at plantation bed surface upper berth lid layer cogongrass or pine needle, then at frame and surrounding last layer sunshade net, to have higher temperature with soil in maintenance garden, protection rhizomes of Panax notoginseng safe overwintering; With in maintenance garden and soil have higher temperature, on protection rhizomes of Panax notoginseng, oneself rudiment that grows prevents from enduring cold, safe overwintering makes coming year pseudo-ginseng can early emerge, go out strong sprout, tidy seedlings output.
(2) epiphragma
Adopt silver gray film and colourless transparent film, sowing epiphragma immediately after watering, is beneficial to pseudo-ginseng and survives the winter, when emerging, seedling can carry out rupture of membranes by film jack-up puts seedling, and rupture of membranes is put the seedling time in the morning before 12, after at 4 in afternoon, cut can not be too large, seedling can be emitted and is as the criterion;
(3) Jie Pengshai garden
After arc Peng Qing garden spray medicine, there is no and occur frost or the slighter area of frost between December, the part on cloudy canopy can be covered and removes, garden iuuminting degree is reached to 80～85%, solar radiation reduces dark and damp all the year round condition in garden, is beneficial to pseudo-ginseng and survives the winter;
(4) cut stem stalk
To at the bottom of December and Second Year January, in order to prevent freezing bud head in winter, after the Frost's Descent, in conjunction with last intertillage fertilising, pseudo-ginseng stem seedling to be cut to the residual leaf in removing field for 2 minutes from railway carriage or compartment face;
(5) use sufficient winter top dressing
Cut after stem stalk, fertile (fully decomposed dung 65～70%, ash 30～35%) 1500～2000kg is mixed with executing excrement ash in every mu of pseudo-ginseng garden, imposes on plant rhizome, is beneficial to pseudo-ginseng and survives the winter;
6) the reasonable prevention and control of damage by disease and insect
The light transmittance that tunes up pseudo-ginseng garden reaches 35%, by solarization garden, makes some germ lose necessary life condition and death; By disease-resistant variety seed selection, strengthen plant disease resistance, pull out in time diseased plant and by the sick cave of lime disinfection, ditch cleaning draining in rainy season, reduction soil moisture;
compared with prior art, major advantage of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention introduces a fine variety the pseudo-ginseng of the mountain area of former suitable 1600～1900 m in living environment relatively low Altitude Region growth of the 2000-2600m that height above sea level improves, survival rate reaches more than 80%, for high mountain pseudo-ginseng artificial domesticating cultivation provides reference, realized new producing region and set up and pseudo-ginseng sustainable development.
(2) application of cold-resistant population, improved cold tolerance, solved to a difficult problem for the technical limitations of new producing region expansion, for the place of production of finally developing into large-scale production pseudo-ginseng, there is actual directive significance, for expanding pseudo-ginseng raw material production area, provide certain guarantee.
(3) height above sea level is lower, and more early, disease is more serious in morbidity, has especially arrived hot and humidly, causes introduced disease serious and morning extremely, the invention provides the culture technique in suitable new producing region, has overcome old producing region disease serious drawback occurs.
(4) the technology of the present invention method is compared with conventional method, be conducive to construction criteria notoginseng planting garden, the demonstration of notoginseng planting standardizes, improve the scientific and technological content that pseudo-ginseng produces, both be convenient to the planting technology that peasant learns pseudo-ginseng as early as possible, can promote scientific and technological exemplary role again, will effectively improve working peasant's economic benefit.
(5) the present invention adopts the subenvironment notoginseng planting garden, mountain region of height above sea level 2000-2600m, weather relaxes, has guaranteed to emerge late, escaped cold in the late spring invasion and attack, met the selection in the suitable planting district of pseudo-ginseng ecosystem characterization planning of science activities, be conducive to the benign development of notoginseng planting industry.
(6) the present invention will promote main producing region by traditional low altitude area (height above sea level 1600～1900m) (height above sea level 2000～2600m) migration to high altitude localities, in low altitude area, temperature difference per day is little, breathe and strengthen, consumption is many, and accumulation is few, introduce behind high altitude localities, increase day and night temperature, for increasing compound components of panax notoginseng accumulation, played certain facilitation.
Embodiment
The notoginseng planting method in high height above sea level region is as follows:
1, the selection of growing environment
Shifting Dali, producing region Wuliang Shan Mountain ecological factor desired value is: 15 ℃ of year-round average temperatures, temperature (monthly average): be minimumly not less than 1 ℃, higher than 36 ℃; Rainfall (year); 1095～1200mm; Height above sea level: 2000-2600m; Humidity (annual): 74%; Soil: mountain region yellow-red soil.
(1) climatic environment
Pseudo-ginseng is perennial root draft, and the environment that property happiness is warm and slightly dark and damp, nice and cool is afraid of cold in the late spring, water stain and extremely hot, high light.High height above sea level is introduced a fine variety and is selected subenvironment temperature equalization, and growing area around cloud and mist curls up, and air humidity is large, and rainfall is abundant, soil moisture regain at nightfall, and the damp condition that morning fog period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m side is loose, winter temperature is low, the slower cool equilibrium of temperature of temperature recovery in spring.
(2) physical features
Height above sea level: 2000-2600m; Gradient 10-25 degree, prevents low temperature cold damage, leeward environment according to high height above sea level physical features, selection.Select Dong Po, slope, the southeast, Northwest Slope, north slope, Northeast Slope, preferably select the north slope in ditch, river or half cloudy half light or the Schattenseite of Dong Po, take Northeast Slope as best; It is high, preferably mild that flatness is made every effort in selection, and be easy to the condition of draining, avoids ponding, and the gradient easily causes too greatly the difficult selection of water and soil loss.Hillock, air port ground, the ground that grittiness is large, chaor should not be selected.
(3) vegetation and periphery forest environment
The forest cover of mountain Middle-mountain Moist Evergreen Broadleaved Forests and half evergreen broad-leaved forest in subtropics, dense vegetation around, periphery forest coverage will reach more than 80%, without population centralized residence point and any industrial enterprise, there is no the pollution source at atmosphere, water source.
(4) soil texture
Take forest yellowish soil as base soil, choose the sandy loam of slant acidity or be rich in loam, the folder sandy soil of humus.The Evening Tide soil that the soil is porous in plow layer, can get damp again the night of breathe freely Li Shui, tool granular structure, native subacidity, pH value 5.5-7.0.
Mountain area forest yellowish soil, organic abundant, be sometimes mixed with rubble, soft, permeability is good compared with the red soil of viscosity, adds humus and the ripe barnyard manure that vomits in soil matrix, and organic manure has increased the fertility of soil.
2, cold-resistant population is used
The subenvironment notoginseng planting garden, mountain region of height above sea level 1860m, plants more than ten years continuously, and no pesticide grown and chemical fertilizer, do not have serious plant disease, also do not find obvious continuous cropping obstacle.Numerous by the rejuvenation for this pseudo-ginseng germ plasm resource and expansion, as the cold-resistant population provenance of promoting mainly of high height above sea level.
3, improve the method that seed growth power is germinateed
Standard seed treatment, improves percentage of seedgermination, survival rate of seedlings.Panax notoginseng seeds and river sand layering are placed in container made of bamboo or cement pit, in environment clean, that ventilate, keep river sand water content between 20～30%.Within every 15 days, check once,, the Panax notoginseng seeds that go mouldy rotten to remove observed humidity to control seed sprouting simultaneously.Seed is through afterripening, and can sow mid-January next year.
4, field produces and management
(1) make bed
Level land, ground, the gentle slope height of bed are 20～25 cm, and the hillside fields height of bed is 15～20 cm; Bedside is 120～150 cm; The wide 30cm in operation road makees bed.Bed surface is made pan tile shape, and bed soil is accomplished lower Song Shangshi, to improve soil permeability.
(2) Special sun net cool canopy
Conjoined green house: press 2m * 2m fixed point and plant stake, the high 1.8m-2.0 m of canopy, spread large bar (or iron wire) fixing, bedding sunshade net, the large bar of two rows middle part places film-pressing line (iron wire), and every sky is made " people " word shape with iron wire film-pressing line is strained, and is fixed on two 7 fork middle parts, left and right, make cool canopy be " M " type, in order to windproof and draining.With Chinese fir twig or the square canopy that shelters from heat or light, its light transmittance is advisable to be no more than 20%.
Arc canopy: apart from bedside 10cm ground pitching pile, pile spacing is from being 150cm.Tie up bow bar: the long 160～180cm of bow bar, with No. 20 iron wires, ties up bow bar on column.Upper greenhouse: adopt 6～8 road canopy films, the anti-aging canopy film of blueness that width is 220～240cm.Upper sunshade net: transplant ground light transmittance 50%～60%.Apart from bottom of trench 2m left and right, be advisable.Limit, garden land used hitching post is strained and fixed film-pressing line, and whole sunshade wire side should be strained.
(3) change light modulation
The illumination variation that will cause according to Various Seasonal, regulates garden iuuminting rate, the general seeding stage in early spring of transplant field, a little less than seedling growth, adjustable lower light transmittance (18～25%) in garden, summer has set in sunlight in vegetative period strengthens, temperature raises, rainwater is many, high humidity, and conjoined green house strengthens garden iuuminting rate (25～35%), put down surrounding edge net, ventilate, discharge humidity, reduce disease.Arc canopy will reduce light transmittance (15～20%).
(4) seeding and seedling raising
Take to grow seedlings 1 year, transplant 3 years cropping patterns of 2 years.In good time early sowing, promotes the growth of pseudo-ginseng under ground portion, forms strong root system, in order to surviving the winter, be conducive to next year early emerge, and seedling is neat, seedling strong.
Pseudo-ginseng is grown seedlings in sowing in 11～December, by 18～200,000 of every mu of sowings of 4 * 5cm specification.
Transplanting time mid or late December is to mid or late January in next year.Healthy pseudo-ginseng seedling is selected in transplanting, plants transplantation of seedlings and presses 2.5～3.2 ten thousand plants/acre of every mu of plantations of 10x15cm specification.
Sowing is front by 1-2 kind bactericide seed soaking for seed.Before transplanting, cultivating soil and seedling carry out sterilization treatment.
5, protection against cold and freezing conditions
(1) litter
At bed surface upper berth lid layer cogongrass or pine needle, then at frame and surrounding last layer sunshade net, to have higher temperature with soil in maintenance garden, protection rhizomes of Panax notoginseng safe overwintering; With in maintenance garden and soil have higher temperature, on protection rhizomes of Panax notoginseng, oneself rudiment that grows prevents from enduring cold, safe overwintering makes coming year pseudo-ginseng can early emerge, go out strong sprout, tidy seedlings output.
(2) epiphragma
Adopt silver gray film and colourless transparent film, sowing epiphragma immediately after watering, is beneficial to pseudo-ginseng and survives the winter.When emerging, seedling can carry out rupture of membranes by film jack-up puts seedling.Rupture of membranes is put the seedling time in the morning before 12, after at 4 in afternoon.During rupture of membranes, with rupture of membranes instrument (generally can make by oneself), carry out, cut can not be too large, seedling can be emitted and is as the criterion.Rupture of membranes must be timely, and too early mistake all can affect Panax notoginseng Growth evening.
(3) Jie Pengshai garden
Arc canopy can there is no and occur frost or the slighter area of frost between December, the part on cloudy canopy can be covered and removes, and garden iuuminting degree is reached to 80～85%, and solar radiation reduces dark and damp all the year round condition in garden, is beneficial to pseudo-ginseng and survives the winter.
(4) cut stem stalk
To at the bottom of December and Second Year January, in order to prevent freezing bud head in winter, after the Frost's Descent, in conjunction with last intertillage fertilising, pseudo-ginseng stem seedling to be cut to the residual leaf in removing field for 2 minutes from railway carriage or compartment face;
(5) use sufficient winter top dressing
Cut after stem stalk, fertile (fully decomposed dung 65～70%, ash 30～35%) 1500～2000kg is mixed with executing excrement ash in every mu of pseudo-ginseng garden, imposes on plant rhizome, is beneficial to pseudo-ginseng and survives the winter.
6, the reasonable prevention and control of damage by disease and insect
Increase pseudo-ginseng garden light transmittance by a period of time, high light shines garden, makes some germ lose necessary life condition and death.Strengthen the degeneration-resistant disease resistance control of plant, pull out in time diseased plant and with lime disinfection disease cave; Carry out ditch cleaning drainage works in rainy season, reduce soil moisture.
Damping off, root rot are the Major Diseases of pseudo-ginseng, select 1-2 kind bactericide before sowing, carry out soil disinfection; During transplanting, select healthy and strong anosis pseudo-ginseng; Period of disease is selected 1-2 kind bactericide, pouring lesion.
Claims (3)
1. the notoginseng planting method in high height above sea level region, is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
1) selection of growing environment
(1) climatic environment: select subenvironment temperature equalization, growing area around cloud and mist curls up, and air humidity is large, and rainfall is abundant, soil moisture regain at nightfall, the damp condition that morning fog period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m side is loose, winter temperature is low, the slower cool equilibrium of temperature of temperature recovery in spring;
(2) physical features: height above sea level: 2000-2600m; Gradient 10-25 degree, prevents low temperature cold damage, leeward environment according to high height above sea level physical features, selection, selects Dong Po, slope, the southeast, Northwest Slope, and north slope, Northeast Slope, be easy to draining;
(3) vegetation and periphery forest environment: the forest cover of mountain Middle-mountain Moist Evergreen Broadleaved Forests and half evergreen broad-leaved forest in subtropics, periphery forest coverage reaches more than 80%, distant mountain and Forestland and grassland rate are nearby more than 70%, without population centralized residence point and any industrial enterprise, there is no the pollution source at atmosphere, water source;
(4) soil texture: take forest yellowish soil as base soil, choose the sandy loam of slant acidity or be rich in loam, the folder sandy soil of humus, the Evening Tide that the soil is porous in plow layer, ventilative Li Shui, the night of tool granular structure can get damp again is native, soil subacidity, pH value 5.5-7.0;
2) use cold-resistant population
The subenvironment notoginseng planting garden, mountain region of height above sea level 1860m, plants more than ten years continuously, and no pesticide grown and chemical fertilizer, do not have serious plant disease, numerous by the rejuvenation for this pseudo-ginseng germ plasm resource and expansion, as the cold-resistant population provenance of promoting mainly of high height above sea level;
3) seed specification handles: Panax notoginseng seeds and river sand layering are placed in container made of bamboo or cement pit keeps river sand water content between 20～30% in environment clean, that ventilate; Within every 15 days, check once,, the Panax notoginseng seeds that go mouldy rotten to remove observed humidity to control seed sprouting simultaneously; Seed is through afterripening, and sow for mid-January next year;
4) field produces and management
(1) make bed: level land, ground, the gentle slope height of bed are 20～25 cm, and the hillside fields height of bed is 15～20 cm; Bedside is 120～150 cm; The wide 30cm in operation road makees bed, and bed surface is made pan tile shape, and bed soil is accomplished lower Song Shangshi, to improve soil permeability;
(2) Special sun net cool canopy: conjoined green house is pressed 2m * 2m fixed point and planted stake, the high 1.8m-2.0 m of canopy, spread large bar or iron wire and fix, bedding sunshade net, the large bar of two rows middle part places iron wire film-pressing line, every sky is made " people " word shape with iron wire film-pressing line is strained, be fixed on two 7 fork middle parts, left and right, make cool canopy be " M " type, in order to windproof and draining, with Chinese fir twig or the square canopy that shelters from heat or light, its light transmittance is to be no more than 20%; Arc canopy is apart from bedside 10cm ground pitching pile, and pile spacing, from be 150cm, is tied up the bow bar of long 160～180cm on column with iron wire, upper 6～8 road canopy films, and upper sunshade net makes transplanting light transmittance 50%～60%, apart from bottom of trench 2m;
(3) change light modulation: the illumination variation causing according to Various Seasonal regulates garden iuuminting rate, the transplant field seeding stage in early spring, in garden, regulate 18～25% lower light transmittances, summer has set in conjoined green house in vegetative period strengthens garden iuuminting rate to 25～35%, put down surrounding edge net, ventilate, discharge humidity, reduce disease, arc canopy reduces light transmittance to 15～20%;
(4) seeding and seedling raising: take to grow seedlings 1 year, transplanting 3 years cropping patterns of 2 years, pseudo-ginseng is grown seedlings and sows 11～December, by 18～200,000 of every mu of sowings of 4 * 5cm specification, mid or late January in mid or late December to next year transplants, select healthy pseudo-ginseng seedling, seedling is transplanted by 2.5～3.2 ten thousand plants/acre of every mu of plantations of 10x15cm specification;
5) protection against cold and freezing conditions
(1) litter: before the Frost's Descent, at plantation bed surface upper berth lid layer cogongrass or pine needle, then at frame and surrounding last layer sunshade net, to have higher temperature with soil in maintenance garden, protection rhizomes of Panax notoginseng safe overwintering; With in maintenance garden and soil have higher temperature, on protection rhizomes of Panax notoginseng, oneself rudiment that grows prevents from enduring cold, safe overwintering makes coming year pseudo-ginseng can early emerge, go out strong sprout, tidy seedlings output;
(2) epiphragma: sowing water after epiphragma immediately, be beneficial to pseudo-ginseng and survive the winter, when emerging, seedling carries out rupture of membranes by film jack-up puts seedling, rupture of membranes is put the seedling time in the morning before 12, after at 4 in afternoon;
(3) Jie Pengshai garden: arc canopy free of frost or frost between December when slighter, cover the part on cloudy canopy to remove, and garden iuuminting degree is reached to 80～85%, and solar radiation reduces dark and damp all the year round condition in garden, is beneficial to pseudo-ginseng and survives the winter;
(4) cut stem stalk: in order to prevent freezing bud head in winter, after the Frost's Descent, in conjunction with last intertillage fertilising, pseudo-ginseng stem seedling to be cut from railway carriage or compartment face for 2 minutes, remove the residual leaf in field;
(5) use sufficient winter top dressing: by the end of December with Second Year January, fertile 1500～2000kg is mixed with executing excrement ash in every mu of pseudo-ginseng garden, and excrement ash mixes fertile: fully decomposed dung 65～70%, ash 30～35%, impose on plant rhizome, be beneficial to pseudo-ginseng and survive the winter;
6) the reasonable prevention and control of damage by disease and insect
The light transmittance that tunes up pseudo-ginseng garden reaches 35%, by solarization garden, makes some germ lose necessary life condition and death; By disease-resistant variety seed selection, strengthen plant disease resistance, pull out in time diseased plant and by the sick cave of lime disinfection, ditch cleaning draining in rainy season, reduction soil moisture.
2. the notoginseng planting method in high height above sea level according to claim 1 region, is characterized in that 1) the middle physical features selection of step (2) ditch, the north slope in river or half cloudy half light or the Schattenseite of Dong Po.
3. the notoginseng planting method in high height above sea level according to claim 1 region, is characterized in that sowing is front by 1-2 kind bactericide seed soaking for seed, before transplanting, cultivating soil and seedling is carried out to sterilization treatment.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103749144A (en) * | 2014-02-08 | 2014-04-30 | 文山华信三七股份有限公司 | Method for planting large rhizomes of panax notoginseng |
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