CN102783336B - Chuanminshen violaceum seed seedling culture technology - Google Patents
Chuanminshen violaceum seed seedling culture technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses seedling culture technology of high-value food and medicine dual-purpose plants of chuanminshen violaceum seed. The technology mainly comprises the technical links of chuanminshen violaceum seed processing, seedling culture and the like. According to the technology, the chuanminshen violaceum plant seeds are selected in Sichuan Basin hilly area, hormone seed soaking, stage temperature variation layer accumulation treatment and germination acceleration are carried out, the chuanminshen violaceum seeds subjected to the germination acceleration are spread and seeded in a period from August 20th to September 20th, and the seed consumption is 5kg/Mu; fine sand and soil with the thickness being 0.5cm is covered after the spreading and seeding until the seeds cannot be seen, bamboo battens are used for building a small arch house on the ridge surfaces, a sunshade net and a mulching film with the sun shading rate being 50 to 75 percent are covered on the small arch house, and the film peeling and the sun shading net uncovering are carried out in proper time after the seedling emergence; in the seedling stage, the irrigation is respectively carried out for three times after the film peeling, in late December and in late March, 1000kg/Mu to 1500kg/Mu of clean liquid dung is applied in each time, and in addition, the field management technology such as soil modification and seedling preserving is adopted in proper time before or after the Summer Solstice, so the field germination rate of the chuanminshen violaceum seed is improved from 30 percent to more than 70 percent, the seed seedling breeding seed consumption is reduced by more than 50 percent, and the obtained seed seedlings are regular.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the medicinal plant cultivation technical field, particularly seed treatment and the seedling growing process of the bright ginseng in high value medicine food dual purpose plant river.
Background technology
The bright ginseng in river (
Chuanminshen violaceumSheh et Shan) be that the bright ginseng in the peculiar autogenus of Umbelliferae (Umbelliferae) China river belongs to herbaceos perennial.One of genuine traditional Chinese medicine material kind of hills area, the Ming Canshi Sichuan Basin, river medicine-food two-purpose.The bright ginseng in river has good medical value, in Chinese medicine for boosting qi and nourishing yin, reinforcing stomach reg fluid, moisten the lung and relieve the cough, for commonly using herbal species in Sichuan; The bright ginseng in river is rich in multivitamin and essential amino acid and abundant mineral matter and protein simultaneously, has high edible health and is worth, edible with a long history.The medicine-food two-purpose function of the bright ginseng in river has determined the market prospects that it is wide, the market price of 2012 reached 70 yuan/more than kg.
The bright ginseng in river mainly is distributed in Jintang, Sichuan, Cangxi, Langzhong, Palestine and China, south and close region thereof, and plantation is century-old in history.The bright ginseng medicinal material in current commercially available river and food materials mostly are artificial cultivation, and provenance comes from the seed that Wild plant domestication plant produces, and the provenance source is numerous and diverse, and quality is uneven.River bright ginseng seed wildness is strong, and germination rate is low, and the holding time is short, and the seed consumption of seed seedling-raising is very big.More than the sowing quantity of growing seedlings in traditional producing region reaches 10kg/ mu, even reach 20kg/ mu,, the seed costs of growing seedlings reaches 3000 ~ 6000 yuan/mu; The emergence rate less than 20% of the bright ginseng seed in river, and the wildness of the bright ginseng seed in river simultaneously causes more by force the seedling-growing time of seed seedling-raising long, emerges irregular, and a kind of desirable artificial breeding technique is not yet arranged at present.
The present invention by growing seedlings the bright ginseng seed in river after suitable pretreatment, can significantly improve germination rate and the storage rate of the bright ginseng seed seedling-raising in river, reduce the cost of seminal propagation, industrialization to the bright ginseng in river has important using value: (1) reduces the sowing quantity of growing seedlings, and saves the breeding land area; (2) improve germination rate, reduce the nursery area, reduce relevant recruitment cost; (3) realize the uniformity of seedling specification, overcome the uneven product quality shakiness caused of river bright ginseng kind root size and the sorting amount of labour; (4) improve germination rate and reduce the seedling cost, be beneficial to the bright ginseng spread in river, promote the producing region increasing peasant income.
The related plant of the present patent application be the bright ginseng in river (
Chuanminshen violaceum) the seed seedling-raising technology, can reduce the sowing quantity 50% of seedling breeding, germination rate is increased to more than 70%, by improving the bright ginseng percentage of seedgermination in river, reduces seedling cost and stable seedling quality.
Summary of the invention
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes comprises the following steps:
1. seed treatment
1.1 collect seed
The river annual seedling of bright ginseng bears seeds and transplants the breeding plant and bears seeds all suitablely to growing seedlings, and to transplant the breeding plant, collects seed best.For transplanting the breeding plant, the leeward robust growth of selecting and remain, without the plant of damage by disease and insect, as original seed, breed, execute phosphorus potash fertilizer more, seed is enriched full.Grain Full to the large section of fruit during Grain in Ear becomes sepia, stem stalk when withered nearly by green, just the bright infructescence in river can be connected to stalk and cut back, with the string bag, installs and is suspended on shady and cool dry the locating of ventilating.Air-dry rear threshing, remove impurity and flat grain through selection by winnowing, requires physical purity of seed to be not less than 95%, and thousand kernel weight is not less than 6.0g, and seed vigor is not less than 75%, stored refrigerated or for soaking seed.
1.2 seed soaking
By the bright ginseng seed in the river in step 1.1, by the Gibberellins solution of the 50 ~ 150mg/L of 10 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, soak seed 24 ~ 36 hours, standby.
1.3 lamination
The bright ginseng seed in the river of 1.2 processing is mixed according to the ratio of 1:1 ~ 1:3 with clean river sand, regulate humidity 40% ~ 80%, carry out three stage alternating temperature stratifications according to following process and process in constant incubator.
1. Phase I: 10 ~ 30 ℃ of laminations 10 ~ 20 days, during need water spray in good time to keep the humidity of lamination seed and river sand, the while is constantly stirred, and avoids seed to go mouldy;
2. Phase: 6 ~ 15 ℃ of laminations 5 ~ 10 days, during need water spray in good time to keep the lamination humidity of seed and river sand, the while is constantly stirred, and avoids seed to go mouldy;
3. Phase I :-2 ℃ ~ 5 ℃ laminations 5 ~ 10 days, during need water spray in good time to keep the lamination humidity of seed and river sand, vernalization sowing, or low temperature preservation.
2. grow seedlings
2.1 the sowing time
By the seed of handling well through lamination in step 1,15 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ vernalization 2 ~ 7 days, be chosen in sowing between 20 ~ September 20 August.
2.2 seedling raising manners
Soil deeptillage 25 ~ 30cm, clear out weeds, grass roots, stone, executes decomposed dung 2000kg/ mu, wholely carefully rakes, and opens the wide furrow of 1.2 ~ 1.5m, and the furrow face requires in small, broken bits smooth.Every even light people and animals' liquid dung 1500 ~ 2000kg that imposes per mu, the furrow face send out wet after, the complete seed uniform broadcasting furrow face by vernalization, kind of a 5kg for mu.Spread after broadcasting and cover the thin sand and soil that 0.5cm is thick, to loseing seed for degree.Build little shed by bamboo cane at the furrow face again, cover shading rate 50% ~ 75% sunshade net and prevent high temperature in the daytime, cover again the plastic sheeting for farm use heat and moisture preserving on it.After sprouting 3 days ~ 5 days, in fine day, throw off at dusk plastic sheeting for farm use; After height of seedling 3cm, throw off sunshade net.
2.3 seedling management
Need topdress seedling stage three times.When two true leaves appear in seedling, execute light clear liquid dung 1000 ~ 1200kg/ mu for the first time; In January December to next year, execute liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu clearly for the second time; In 3 ~ April, execute liquid dung 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu clearly for the third time.Before and after the Summer Solstice, the seedling acrial part falls seedling gradually, the thin earth of furrow ditch should be risen with shovel, covers about 3cm thick on seedling, and both the anti-sun dried up, and worked again the grass effect of pressing.Prevent that people and animals from trampleing on simultaneously, note draining.To autumn, just can transplant.
Described physical purity of seed, refer in a certain amount of seed, and nomospermous weight accounts for the gross weight percentage of (comprising the impurity outside normal seed), and the computational methods of cleanliness are:
Physical purity of seed=(seed gross weight-impurity weight)/seed gross weight * 100%
Described seed vigor, refer to the potential ability of seed sprouting or the vitality that embryo has, and the seed number that in batch of seeds, has potential germinating capacity accounts for the percentage of seed sum, generally adopts teterazelium test to measure.The computational methods of seed vigor are:
The great-hearted seed of seed vigor=tool (seed of rudiment) number/test seed sum * 100%.
Described clean river sand, refer to that just river sand washes away after powder and clay at 130 ℃ after hyperthermia drying sterilization in 2 hours, is cooled to the river sand of room temperature.
The present invention is suitable for the bright ginseng in river in the suitable cultivation zone of hills area, the Sichuan Basin and grows seedlings, and has following advantage:
(1) method for treating seeds provided by the technical program, the germination rate of the bright ginseng seed in river can reach more than 90%;
(2) seed treatment provided by the technical program and seedling-cultivating method, the germinating time section is emerged neatly, can scale provide steady quality, the bright ginseng seedling in the uniform river of specification;
(3) seed treatment provided by the technical program and seedling-cultivating method, make the sowing quantity of growing seedlings reduce 50% ~ 75%, improves seedling density and survival rate simultaneously, reduced seedling cost;
(4) seed treatment provided by the technical program and seedling-cultivating method, can effectively control weeds and improve seedling quality, thereby improve the economic benefit of growing seedlings.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1. seed treatment
1.1 seed selection
Selection is from zone, central Sichuan Basin Zhong Shan hills area height above sea level 550m left and right, gathering transplanting Second Year river bright ginseng plant bears seeds, require ripe full, the disease-free sepia mature seed of Grain Filling in summer (by the end of May ~ early June) then, after gathering infructescence with the string bag, in ventilation, dry in the shade, threshing, the winnower winnowing machine selection by winnowing is removed impurity and flat grain, after processing, physical purity of seed is 96%, thousand kernel weight 6.4g, seed vigor 82%, standby.
1.2 seed soaking
By the bright ginseng seed in river of preparing in step 1.1, by the Gibberellins solution of the 50mg/L of 10 ℃, soak seed 24 hours.
1.3 lamination
The seed that 1.2 seed soaking are complete mixes according to the ratio of 1:1 with clean river sand, regulates humidity 40%, according to following process, carries out stage alternating temperature stratification processing.
1. Phase I: 20 ℃ of laminations 14 days, during keep water spray in good time to keep the humidity of seed and river sand lamination, constantly stir, avoid seed to go mouldy;
2. Phase: 8 ℃ of laminations 6 days, during keep water spray in good time to keep the humidity of seed and river sand lamination, constantly stir, avoid seed to go mouldy;
3. Phase I :-2 ℃ of laminations 5 days, during keep water spray in good time to keep the humidity of seed and river sand lamination, constantly stir, avoid seed to go mouldy, low temperature is saved to sowing.
2. grow seedlings
2.1 the sowing time
By the seed of handling well in step 1,15 ℃ of vernalization 3 days; Sowing time is chosen in 10 ~ September 20 September.
2.2 seedling raising manners
Soil deeptillage 25cm, clear out grass roots, stone, executes decomposed dung 2000kg/ mu, wholely carefully rakes, and opens 1.2 wide furrow, and the furrow face requires in small, broken bits smooth.Evenly impose light people and animals' liquid dung 1500kg/ mu, the furrow face send out wet after, seed and river sand that vernalization is complete mix rear uniform broadcasting furrow face, sowing quantity 5kg/ mu.Spread after broadcasting and cover the thin sand and soil that 0.5cm is thick, to loseing seed for degree.Build little shed by bamboo cane at the furrow face, cover shading rate 50% sunshade net and prevent high temperature in the daytime, cover again the plastic sheeting for farm use heat and moisture preserving on it.After sprouting 5 days, in fine day, throw off at dusk plastic sheeting for farm use; After height of seedling 3cm, throw off sunshade net.
2.3 seedling management
Topdress seedling stage three times.When two true leaves appear in seedling, often execute lighter clear liquid dung 1000kg/ mu for the first time; In January December to next year, execute liquid dung 1000kg/ mu clearly for the second time; In 3 ~ April, execute liquid dung 1000kg/ mu clearly for the third time.Before and after the Summer Solstice, the seedling acrial part is withered gradually, the thin earth of furrow ditch should be risen with shovel, covers on the root head about 3cm thick, both anti-summer the burning sun terminal bud of burning, suppress weeds simultaneously.Strengthen management, prevent that people and animals from trampleing on, note the rainy day draining.To autumn, just can transplant.
Embodiment 2
1. seed treatment
1.1 seed selection
From northeast, river, dark hilly area gathers full, the disease-free sepia mature seed of river bright ginseng plant Grain Filling of transplanting Second Year in selection, after gathering infructescence with the string bag, in ventilation, dry in the shade, threshing, remove impurity and flat grain by the winnower winnowing machine selection by winnowing, after processing, physical purity of seed is 95%, thousand kernel weight 6.7g, seed vigor 85%, standby.
1.2 seed soaking
By the bright ginseng seed in river of preparing in step 1.1, by the Gibberellins solution of the 100mg/L of 20 ℃, soak seed 30 hours.
1.3 lamination
The seed that 1.2 seed soaking are complete mixes according to the ratio of 1:2 with clean river sand, regulates humidity 60%, according to following process, carries out stage alternating temperature stratification processing.
1. Phase I: 24 ℃ of laminations 16 days, during keep water spray in good time to keep the humidity of seed and river sand lamination, constantly stir, avoid seed to go mouldy;
2. Phase: 12 ℃ of laminations 8 days, during in good time water spray keep the humidity of seed and river sand maintenance lamination, constantly stir, avoid seed to go mouldy;
3. Phase I :-4 ℃ of laminations after 6 days, during in good time water spray keep the humidity of seed and river sand maintenance lamination, after vernalization, sow.
2. seeding and seedling raising
2.1 the sowing time
By the seed of handling well in step 1,20 ℃ of vernalization 5 days, the sowing time was chosen in 20 ~ August 30 August.
2.2 seedling raising manners
Soil deeptillage 30cm, clear out weeds, grass roots, stone, and mu is executed decomposed dung 2000kg, wholely carefully rakes, and opens the wide furrow of 1.5m, and the furrow face requires in small, broken bits smooth.Evenly impose light people and animals' liquid dung 1800kg/ mu, the furrow face send out wet after, seed and river sand that vernalization is complete mix rear uniform broadcasting furrow face, sowing quantity 5kg/ mu.Spread after broadcasting and cover the thin sand and soil that 0.5cm is thick, to loseing seed for degree.Build little shed by bamboo cane at the furrow face, cover shading rate 65% sunshade net on it and prevent high temperature in the daytime, cover again the plastic sheeting for farm use heat and moisture preserving on it.After sprouting 3 ~ 5 days, in fine day, throw off at dusk plastic sheeting for farm use; After height of seedling 3cm, throw off sunshade net.
2.3 seedling management
Topdress seedling stage three times.When two true leaves appear in seedling, execute light clear liquid dung 1000kg/ mu for the first time; In January December to next year, execute liquid dung 1200kg/ mu clearly for the second time; In 3 ~ April, execute liquid dung 1200kg/ mu clearly for the third time.Before and after the Summer Solstice, the seedling acrial part is withered gradually, the thin earth of furrow ditch should be risen with shovel, covers on the root head about 3cm thick, both anti-summer the burning sun terminal bud of burning, work again the weeds effect that suppresses.Strengthen management, prevent that people and animals from trampleing on, note the rainy day draining.To autumn, just can transplant.
Embodiment 3
1. seed treatment
1.1 seed selection
Selection is from the place of production of Sichuan Basin height above sea level 400m, the 3rd year river bright ginseng plant substantial full, a disease-free sepia mature seed of setting seeds after select transplanting, after gathering infructescence with the string bag, in ventilation, dry in the shade, threshing, the winnower winnowing machine selection by winnowing is removed impurity and flat grain, and after processing, physical purity of seed is 95%, thousand kernel weight 6.3g, seed vigor 83%, standby.
1.2 seed soaking
By the bright ginseng seed in river of preparing in step 1.1, by the Gibberellins solution of the 150mg/L of 30 ℃, soak seed 36 hours.
1.3 lamination
The seed that 1.2 seed soaking are complete mixes according to the ratio of 1:3 with clean river sand, regulates humidity 80%, according to following process, carries out stage alternating temperature stratification processing.
1. Phase I: 30 ℃ of laminations 20 days, during keep water spray in good time to keep the humidity of seed and river sand lamination, constantly stir, avoid seed to go mouldy;
2. Phase: 15 ℃ of laminations 10 days, during keep water spray in good time to keep the humidity of seed and river sand lamination, constantly stir, avoid seed to go mouldy;
3. Phase I :-5 ℃ of laminations 10 days, during keep water spray in good time to keep the humidity of seed and river sand lamination, constantly stir, avoid seed to go mouldy; Breaking dormancy vernalization is directly used in sowing, or low temperature is saved to sowing.
2. seeding and seedling raising
2.1 the sowing time
By the seed of handling well in step 1,25 ℃ of vernalization 7 days; Sowing time is chosen in 31 ~ September 10 August.
2.2 seedling raising manners
Soil deeptillage 30cm, clear out weeds, grass roots and stone, and decomposed dung 2000kg/ mu is wholely carefully raked, and opens the wide furrow of 1.5m, and the furrow face requires in small, broken bits smooth.Evenly impose light people and animals' liquid dung 2000kg/ mu, the furrow face send out wet after, by vernalization, complete seed mixes uniform broadcasting furrow face after river sand, sowing quantity 5kg.Spread after broadcasting and cover the thin sand and soil that 0.5cm is thick, to loseing seed for degree.Build little shed by bamboo cane at the furrow face, cover shading rate 75% sunshade net and prevent high temperature in the daytime, cover again the plastic sheeting for farm use heat and moisture preserving on it.After sprouting 3 ~ 5 days, in fine day, throw off at dusk plastic sheeting for farm use; After height of seedling 3cm, throw off sunshade net.
2.3 seedling management
Topdress seedling stage three times.When two true leaves appear in seedling, execute light clear liquid dung 1200kg/ mu for the first time; In January December to next year, execute liquid dung 1500kg/ mu clearly for the second time; In 3 ~ April, execute liquid dung 1500kg/ mu clearly for the third time.Before and after the Summer Solstice, the seedling acrial part is withered gradually, the thin earth of furrow ditch should be risen with shovel, covers on the root head about 3cm thick, both anti-summer the burning sun terminal bud of burning, work again the weeds effect that suppresses.Strengthen management, prevent that people and animals from trampleing on, note the rainy day draining.To autumn, just can transplant.
Claims (4)
1. a river bright ginseng seed seedling-raising technology, is characterized in that comprising (1) seed treatment, (2) two steps of growing seedlings;
Wherein, described step (1) seed treatment comprises the steps:
(a) seed selection, comprise and gather ripe full, the disease-free sepia mature seed of Grain Filling in summer (by the end of May～early June) then, after gathering infructescence with the string bag, in ventilation, dry in the shade, threshing, the winnower winnowing machine selection by winnowing is removed impurity and flat grain, after processing, physical purity of seed is more than 96%, and more than thousand kernel weight 6.0g, seed vigor is more than 80%;
(b) seed soaking, comprise the bright ginseng seed in river required reaching step (a), with the Gibberellins solution constant temperature of the 50～150mg/L of 10 ℃～30 ℃, soaks seed 24～36 hours;
(c) lamination, comprise that the seed that will process through step (b) mixes according to the ratio of 1:1～1:3 with clean river sand, regulate humidity to 40%～80%, carry out stage alternating temperature stratification processing in insulating box, the step of alternating temperature deposition processes is 1. Phase I: 10～30 ℃ of laminations 10～20 days, during keep lamination humidity and constantly stir; 2. Phase: 6～15 ℃ of laminations 5～10 days, during keep lamination humidity and constantly stir 3. Phase I :-2 ℃～5 ℃ laminations after 5～10 days, breaking dormancy, or low temperature is saved to sowing.
2. a kind of river as claimed in claim 1 bright ginseng seed seedling-raising technology, is characterized in that step (2) step of growing seedlings comprises the steps: that (d) determines the sowing time, (e) sowing, (f) seedling management.
3. a kind of river as claimed in claim 2 bright ginseng seed seedling-raising technology, is characterized in that described step (d) determines that the sowing time is between 20～September 20 August, and before sowing, seed was 15 ℃～25 ℃ vernalization 2～7 days; Described step (e) sowing is after nursery lot is executed to decomposed dung 2000kg/ mu, soil deeptillage 25cm～30cm, wholely carefully rake, open furrow 1.2m～1.5m wide, evenly impose light people and animals' liquid dung 1500kg/ mu～2000kg/ mu, the furrow face send out wet after, seed and river sand that vernalization is complete are mixed rear uniform broadcasting furrow face, sowing quantity 5kg/ mu thoroughly; Broadcast the thick thin sand and soil of rear covering 0.5cm, to loseing seed for degree, by bamboo cane, at the furrow face, do little shed, cover shading rate 50%～75% sunshade net and prevent high temperature in the daytime, cover again the plastic sheeting for farm use heat and moisture preserving on it; Throw off at dusk plastic sheeting for farm use in fine day after sprouting 3～5 days; Throw off sunshade net after height of seedling 3cm.
4. a kind of river as claimed in claim 2 bright ginseng seed seedling-raising technology, is characterized in that described step (f) seedling management is to topdress three times in seedling stage, executes for the first time light clear liquid dung 1000～1200kg/ mu when two true leaves appear in seedling; Execute for the second time liquid dung 1000～1500kg/ mu clearly to mid-January next year by the end of December; For the third time at the beginning of by the end of March～4 months every mu execute liquid dung 1000kg/ mu～1500kg/ mu clearly; The seedling acrial part falls seedling gradually before and after the Summer Solstice, and cover the thick thin earth of about 3cm and take precautions against drought and press down grass on kind of shoot root head, to autumn, be desirable seedling field planting.
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| CN103229650A (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2013-08-07 | 重庆市药物种植研究所 | Seedling culturing method for limestone plant Cordalis tomentella Franch. |
| CN103283341B (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2014-08-13 | 河北科技师范学院 | Method for promoting hawthorn seed kernel to germinate ahead of time |
| CN106717275A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-31 | 庆阳敦博科技发展有限公司 | A kind of germination accelerating method of levisticum seed |
| CN108076949A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-05-29 | 四川格睿园林科技有限公司 | A kind of Luo Keladuo indigo plants China fir cultural method |
| CN108040789A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-18 | 云南香格里拉兰草药业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods for improving monkshood yield |
| CN114568135B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-10-20 | 成都中医药大学 | Preservation method and germination method of evergreen fruit tree seeds |
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