CN103718819B - A kind of three exempt from the implantation methods following compound potato - Google Patents
A kind of three exempt from the implantation methods following compound potato Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the implantation methods that a kind of three exempt to follow compound potato, it is characterized in that the method comprises Fruit variety, potato seed process, whole, pre-temperature moisture regain, sowing, wheat straw curtain cover, apply fertilizer, the antifreeze and seedling management of emerging, water management, wherein said is wholely plantation to be turned over field soil execute the mixing fertilizer of organic manure and black ammonium compound fertilizer the first year; Described pre-temperature moisture regain is 10 ~ 15 days before planting, sprays after watering and cover field soil with wheat straw curtain in field; Described fertilising is divided into base manure and topdresses two stages; Described emerge antifreeze to be after planting about 15 days, to remove wheat straw curtain in case seedling can not be revealed soil by pressing, within about 20 days, namely have seedling to reveal soil, now should prevent from freezing seedling, night can cover with wheat straw curtain, but note can not weight seedling, when seedling grows to 10cm height, without the need to antifreeze seedling again.Adopt implantation methods of the present invention, decrease working feature, thus increase economic efficiency, avoid the use of difficult degradation mulch film, environmental protection and economy simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to and a kind ofly exempt from plastic mulching, exempt from the bedding of whole ground, exempt from whole ground ridging and insulation, breathe freely, stay water material can follow the implantation methods of the potato of multiple use, belong to potato planting technical field, specifically a kind of three exempt from the implantation methods following compound potato.
Background technology
Potato is annual herb plant, because of its be of high nutritive value, adaptive faculty is strong, output is large, be the whole world the third-largest important cereal crops, its property happiness cool, be suitable for northern area plantation.Because potato underground potato block is formed and loose ventilative, the nice and cool damp soil environment of growth needs, therefore each different to some extent to the requirement of temperature, the thermophilic of tuber growth is 16 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, and when temperature is higher than 25 DEG C, stem tuber stops growing; The thermophilic of cauline leaf growth is 15 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, stops growing, so only have the behavioural characteristic meeting potato particular growth period, could obtain higher economic benefit more than 39 DEG C.
Since potato imports China into, the weather conditions of its biological nature and China are organically combined, make it at China's establishing in large scale, become one of large staple food of China five.Going deep into and accelerating along with China's reform and opening-up, the planting technology of potato also walks with world's pace, according to related data, current China potato seed planting technology has traditional cultivation method, mulching planting method, the bedding of whole ground rice straw mulching implantation methods, whole ground ridging rice straw mulching implantation methods and detoxication and tissue culture implantation methods the most advanced.Wherein, conventional method, for broadcasting front soil deeptillage, flattening, applies base fertilizer simultaneously, then digs bunch planting kind potato, then earthing compacting; Mulching planting method is on traditional infrastructure, adopts mulching planting region; Whole ground bedding rice straw mulching implantation methods is on the basis of mulching planting method, makes furrow type structure by whole for field, substitutes plastic mulching field after plantation potato with straw; Whole ground ridging rice straw mulching implantation methods makes ridging by whole for field, by potato planting on ridge, then adopts straw or plastic mulching; Detoxification tissue culture method makes seedling by after potato seed detoxification through tissue cultures, then plants in large Tanaka.Show through practical experience, traditional cultivation method yields poorly, and product head volume is little, can not effectively obtain higher economic benefit; Due to the call of national environmental protection economy in recent years, plastic mulching film used can not be degraded, and after potato harvest, mulch film huddles to leave about and causes environmental pollution, should avoid the use of mulch film as far as possible; The bedding of whole ground and whole ground ridging all adopt rice straw mulching, drop into labour on the one hand large wholely, cause cost high, if rice straw mulching meets strong wind weather on the other hand, straw then can be made disorderly to fly with the wind, not only make coverage rate reduce, and cause straw environmental problem, when reclaiming straw, workload is also comparatively large and can not recycle simultaneously; Although potato detoxicating tissue culture technology output is high, income large, cost is higher, can not extensively popularize.
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned potato planting Problems existing, propose the implantation methods that a kind of three exempt to follow compound potato, solve deficiency existing in existing potato seed method for planting.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the implantation methods that a kind of three exempt to follow compound potato, adopt traditional cultivation method, with the thin straw screen or mat mulching plant field of wheat straw establishment, strict effectively control potato temperature and humidity in each in period, realize cost of investment low, be easy to penetration and promotion, object that output is high.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Three exempt from the implantation methods following compound potato, comprise the following steps:
(1) Fruit variety: the growth selection phase is short, strong adaptability, potato block expand, the improved seeds of the early-maturing variety of strong stress resistance, disease-resistant high yield high-quality, is specially No. five, Zheng's potato, No. six, Zheng's potato, Henan potato No., No. two, one in No. one, detoxification;
(2) potato seed process: sow first 5 ~ 7 days and soak seed with thimerosal, stripping and slicing again, vernalization, treats that the long lcm of bud broadcasts at present, potato block after the stripping and slicing ash of the flyash and 2% that are equivalent to potato block gross weight 3% is mixed all, then start vernalization, its method is vernalization of digging pit at the ventilation Chaoyang place of outdoor, cheats dark 25 ~ 30cm, field soil one deck kind block of one deck doping organic manure, count 2 layers, then use wheat straw curtain to cover, add a cover the insulation of wheat straw curtain night;
(3) wholely: after turning over winter in field by sowing in the year before last, use barnyard manure, wherein based on the mixing composite fertilizer of pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, impose on Tian Tuzhong after adding black ammonium compound fertilizer, the interpolation proportioning of described pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung and black ammonium compound fertilizer is 3:1:1:0.2; Sowing is digged before broadcasting then again, and artificial or mechanical work makes field without crossing large clod, waits to broadcast after smooth;
(4) pre-temperature moisture regain: sow first 10 ~ 15 days, spray and water in field, water not too much, field soil is just soaked, then adopts wheat straw curtain to cover field soil and makes its pre-temperature moisture regain;
(5) sow: the sowing time is arrive clear and bright period the Spring Equinox, wheat straw curtain is removed before broadcasting, broadcast under then digging cave, cave is apart from controlling at 20cm, it is characterized in that: the ash spreading one deck 0.5 ~ 1cm during sowing in kind of plant hole, spread a small amount of fine sand again after putting down potato seed pieces, finally cover compacting with soil;
(6) wheat straw curtain covers: after seeding and fertilizing, ready wheat straw curtain is covered whole growing surface, press skim fine earth gently after water of evenly splashing;
(7) apply fertilizer: 1. basal dressing: during the sowing manuring the year before last, its barnyard manure consumption is every mu of manuring 1350 ~ 1650 kilograms and 54 ~ 66 kilograms of black ammonium compound fertilizers, its method applies described mixing barnyard manure in Tian Tuzhong together with composite fertilizer, flattens after turning over; 2. topdress: should suitably topdress according to potato growing way situation, it topdresses main based on composite fertilizer, and its method fertilizer is placed on distance potato block 5 ~ 8 centimetres far away, digs out a pitting and apply composite fertilizer;
(8) to emerge antifreeze and seedling management: after planting about 15 days, seedling removes wheat straw curtain in case can not be revealed soil by pressing, seedling within about 20 days, is namely had to reveal soil, now should prevent from freezing seedling, night covers with wheat straw curtain, but note can not weight seedling, when seedling grows to 10cm height, without the need to antifreeze seedling again, therefore reclaim wheat straw curtain in order to reusing;
(9) water management: the early stage of potato growth should not water, and is fond of Hua Houzai and waters, if sky drought is without rain, watered once every 15 ~ 20 days, to ensure sufficient moisture, gathered in the crops and within first 10 days, stopped watering.
Compared with existing potato seed planting technology, the implantation methods that the present invention three exempts to follow compound potato has following beneficial effect:
(1) adopt wheat straw curtain to substitute mulch film or straw, recyclable Reusability, the present invention simultaneously to reduce working feature, can reduce costs the use also avoiding difficult degradation plastics, economic environmental protection without the need to plastic mulching, the bedding of whole ground, whole ground ridging;
(2) pre-temperature moisture regain and under broadcast rear employings wheat straw curtain mulching plant field, lower sowing time soil temperature is suitable for, and accelerate emerge and improve emergence rate, and broadcast under can suitably doing sth. in advance, harvest time shifts to an earlier date, and increases economic efficiency;
(3) adopt ash to fill out under behind cave to broadcast, effectively prevention and elimination of disease and pests can occur, reduce the loss, and improve soil acid-base value, make soil condition be able to be applicable to emerging.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with instantiation, technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
Three exempt from the implantation methods following compound potato, comprise the following steps:
(1) Fruit variety: the growth selection phase is short, strong adaptability, potato block expand, the improved seeds of the early-maturing variety of strong stress resistance, disease-resistant high yield high-quality, this example selects No. five, Zheng's potato that is precocious, high yield;
(2) potato seed process: sow first 5 days and soak seed with thimerosal, stripping and slicing again, vernalization, treats that the long lcm of bud broadcasts at present, potato block after the stripping and slicing ash of the flyash and 2% that are equivalent to potato block gross weight 3% is mixed all, then start vernalization, its method is vernalization of digging pit at the ventilation Chaoyang place of outdoor, cheats dark 25cm, field soil one deck kind block of one deck doping organic manure, count 2 layers, then use wheat straw curtain to cover, add a cover the insulation of wheat straw curtain night;
(3) wholely: after turning over winter in field by sowing in the year before last, use barnyard manure, wherein based on the mixing composite fertilizer of pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, impose on Tian Tuzhong after adding black ammonium compound fertilizer, the interpolation proportioning of described pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung and black ammonium compound fertilizer is 3:1:1:0.2; Sowing is digged before broadcasting then again, and artificial or mechanical work makes field without crossing large clod, waits to broadcast after smooth;
(4) pre-temperature moisture regain: sow first 10 days, spray and water in field, water not too much, field soil is just soaked, then adopts wheat straw curtain to cover field soil and makes its pre-temperature moisture regain;
(5) sow: this example sowing time is clear and bright first 10 days, removes wheat straw curtain, broadcast under then digging cave before broadcasting, cave is apart from controlling at 20cm, in kind of plant hole, spread the ash of one deck 0.5cm during sowing, after putting down potato seed pieces, spread a small amount of fine sand again, finally cover compacting with soil;
(6) wheat straw curtain covers: after seeding and fertilizing, ready wheat straw curtain is covered whole growing surface, press skim fine earth gently after water of evenly splashing;
(7) apply fertilizer: 1. basal dressing: during the sowing manuring the year before last, its barnyard manure consumption is every mu of manuring 1350 kilograms and 54 kilograms of black ammonium compound fertilizers, and its method applies described barnyard manure in Tian Tuzhong together with composite fertilizer, flattens after turning over; 2. topdress: should suitably topdress according to potato growing way situation, it topdresses main based on composite fertilizer, and its method fertilizer is placed on distance potato block 5cm far, digs out a pitting and apply composite fertilizer;
(8) to emerge antifreeze and seedling management: after planting about 15 days, seedling removes wheat straw curtain in case can not be revealed soil by pressing, seedling within about 20 days, is namely had to reveal soil, now should prevent from freezing seedling, night covers with wheat straw curtain, but note can not weight seedling, when seedling grows to 10cm height, without the need to antifreeze seedling again, therefore reclaim wheat straw curtain in order to reusing;
(9) water management: the early stage of potato growth does not water, is fond of Hua Houzai and waters, if sky drought is without rain, waters once every 15 days, to ensure sufficient moisture, plants about 60 days maturations, gathers in the crops and within first 10 days, stops watering.
Embodiment 2
(1) Fruit variety: the growth selection phase is short, strong adaptability, potato block expand, the improved seeds of the early-maturing variety of strong stress resistance, disease-resistant high yield high-quality, this example selects detoxification potato seed;
(2) potato seed process: sow first 6 days and soak seed with thimerosal, stripping and slicing again, vernalization, treats that the long lcm of bud broadcasts at present, potato block after the stripping and slicing ash of the flyash and 2% that are equivalent to potato block gross weight 3% is mixed all, then start vernalization, its method is vernalization of digging pit at the ventilation Chaoyang place of outdoor, cheats dark 28cm, field soil one deck kind block of one deck doping organic manure, count 2 layers, then use wheat straw curtain to cover, add a cover the insulation of wheat straw curtain night;
(3) wholely: after turning over winter in field by sowing in the year before last, use barnyard manure, wherein based on the mixing composite fertilizer of pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, impose on Tian Tuzhong after adding black ammonium compound fertilizer, the interpolation proportioning of described pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung and black ammonium compound fertilizer is 3:1:1:0.2; Sowing is digged before broadcasting then again, and artificial or mechanical work makes field without crossing large clod, waits to broadcast after smooth;
(4) pre-temperature moisture regain: sow first 12 days, spray and water in field, water not too much, field soil is just soaked, then adopts wheat straw curtain to cover field soil and makes its pre-temperature moisture regain;
(5) sow: the sowing time is clear and bright first 15 days, removes wheat straw curtain, broadcast under then digging cave before broadcasting, cave is apart from controlling at 20cm, in kind of plant hole, spread the ash of one deck 0.8cm during sowing, after putting down potato seed pieces, spread a small amount of fine sand again, finally cover compacting with soil;
(6) wheat straw curtain covers: after seeding and fertilizing, ready wheat straw curtain is covered whole growing surface, press skim fine earth gently after water of evenly splashing;
(7) apply fertilizer: 1. basal dressing: during the sowing manuring the year before last, its barnyard manure consumption is every mu of manuring 1500 kilograms and 60 kilograms of black ammonium compound fertilizers, and its method applies described barnyard manure in Tian Tuzhong together with composite fertilizer, rear leveling of turning over; 2. topdress: should suitably topdress according to potato growing way situation, it topdresses main based on composite fertilizer, and its method fertilizer is placed on distance potato block 5 ~ 8 centimetres far away, digs out a pitting and apply composite fertilizer;
(8) to emerge antifreeze and seedling management: after planting about 15 days, seedling removes wheat straw curtain in case can not be revealed soil by pressing, seedling within about 20 days, is namely had to reveal soil, now should prevent from freezing seedling, night covers with wheat straw curtain, but note can not weight seedling, when seedling grows to 10cm height, without the need to antifreeze seedling again, therefore reclaim wheat straw curtain in order to reusing;
(9) water management: the early stage of potato growth does not water, is fond of Hua Houzai and waters, if sky drought is without rain, waters once every 18 days, and to ensure sufficient moisture, about 60 days ripe, gathers in the crops and within first 10 days, stops watering.
Embodiment 3
Three exempt from the implantation methods following compound potato, comprise the following steps:
(1) Fruit variety: the growth selection phase is short, strong adaptability, potato block expand, the improved seeds of the early-maturing variety of strong stress resistance, disease-resistant high yield high-quality, this example selects Henan potato No.;
(2) potato seed process: sow first 5 ~ 7 days and soak seed with thimerosal, stripping and slicing again, vernalization, treats that the long lcm of bud broadcasts at present, potato block after the stripping and slicing ash of the flyash and 2% that are equivalent to potato block gross weight 3% is mixed all, then start vernalization, its method is vernalization of digging pit at the ventilation Chaoyang place of outdoor, cheats dark 30cm, field soil one deck kind block of one deck doping organic manure, count 2 layers, then use wheat straw curtain to cover, add a cover the insulation of wheat straw curtain night;
(3) wholely: after turning over winter in field by sowing in the year before last, use barnyard manure, wherein based on the mixing composite fertilizer of pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, impose on Tian Tuzhong after adding black ammonium compound fertilizer, the interpolation proportioning of described pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung and black ammonium compound fertilizer is 3:1:1:0.2; Sowing is digged before broadcasting then again, and artificial or mechanical work makes field without crossing large clod, waits to broadcast after smooth;
(4) pre-temperature moisture regain: sow first 15 days, spray and water in field, water not too much, field soil is just soaked, then adopts wheat straw curtain to cover field soil and makes its pre-temperature moisture regain;
(5) sow: the sowing time is clear and bright first 25 days, removes wheat straw curtain, broadcast under then digging cave before broadcasting, cave is apart from controlling at 20cm, in kind of plant hole, spread the ash of one deck 1cm during sowing, after putting down potato seed pieces, spread a small amount of fine sand again, finally cover compacting with soil;
(6) wheat straw curtain covers: after seeding and fertilizing, ready wheat straw curtain is covered whole growing surface, press skim fine earth gently after water of evenly splashing;
(7) apply fertilizer: 1. basal dressing: during the sowing manuring the year before last, its barnyard manure consumption is every mu of manuring 1650 kilograms and 66 kilograms of black ammonium compound fertilizers, and its method applies described mixing barnyard manure in Tian Tuzhong together with composite fertilizer, flattens after turning over; 2. topdress: should suitably topdress according to potato growing way situation, it topdresses main based on composite fertilizer, and its method fertilizer is placed on distance potato block 5 ~ 8 centimetres far away, digs out a pitting and apply composite fertilizer;
(8) to emerge antifreeze and seedling management: after planting about 15 days, seedling removes wheat straw curtain in case can not be revealed soil by pressing, seedling within about 20 days, is namely had to reveal soil, now should prevent from freezing seedling, night covers with wheat straw curtain, but note can not weight seedling, when seedling grows to 10cm height, without the need to antifreeze seedling again, therefore reclaim wheat straw curtain in order to reusing;
(9) water management: the early stage of potato growth does not water, is fond of Hua Houzai and waters, if sky drought is without rain, waters once every 20 days, to ensure sufficient moisture, plants about 60 days maturations, gathers in the crops and within first 10 days, stops watering.
Adopt technical solution of the present invention plantation potato Case Experiments On A show, output increased 25 ~ 35%, every mu save labour cost time 60 ~ 80 hours, mu synergy 1500 ~ 2200 yuan, the effect of increasing income is fairly obvious, and is greatly advanced by maturation time, obtains better economic benefit.
Claims (1)
1. three exempt from the implantation methods following compound potato, specifically exempt from plastic mulching, exempt from the bedding of whole ground, exempt from whole ground ridging and insulation, breathe freely, stay water material can follow the implantation methods of the potato of multiple use, it is characterized in that: comprise following concrete steps:
(1) Fruit variety: the growth selection phase is short, strong adaptability, potato block expand, the improved seeds of the early-maturing variety of strong stress resistance, disease-resistant high yield high-quality, is specially No. five, Zheng's potato, No. six, Zheng's potato, Henan potato No., No. two, one in No. one, detoxification;
(2) potato seed process: sow first 5 ~ 7 days and soak seed with thimerosal, stripping and slicing again, vernalization, treats that the long lcm of bud broadcasts at present, potato block after the stripping and slicing ash of the flyash and 2% that are equivalent to potato block gross weight 3% is mixed all, then start vernalization, its method is vernalization of digging pit at the ventilation Chaoyang place of outdoor, cheats dark 25 ~ 30cm, field soil one deck kind block of one deck doping organic manure, count 2 layers, then use wheat straw curtain to cover, add a cover the insulation of wheat straw curtain night;
(3) wholely: after turning over winter in field by sowing in the year before last, use barnyard manure, wherein based on the mixing composite fertilizer of pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, impose on Tian Tuzhong after adding black ammonium compound fertilizer, the interpolation proportioning of described pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung and black ammonium compound fertilizer is 3:1:1:0.2; Sowing is digged before broadcasting then again, and artificial or mechanical work makes field without crossing large clod, waits to broadcast after smooth;
(4) pre-temperature moisture regain: sow first 10 ~ 15 days, spray and water in field, water not too much, field soil is just soaked, then adopts wheat straw curtain to cover field soil and makes its pre-temperature moisture regain;
(5) sow: the sowing time is arrive clear and bright period the Spring Equinox, removes wheat straw curtain, broadcast under then digging cave before broadcasting, cave is apart from controlling at 20cm, in kind of plant hole, spread the ash of one deck 0.5 ~ 1cm during sowing, after putting down potato seed pieces, spread a small amount of fine sand again, finally cover compacting with soil;
(6) wheat straw curtain covers: after seeding and fertilizing, ready wheat straw curtain is covered whole growing surface, press skim fine earth gently after water of evenly splashing;
(7) apply fertilizer: 1. basal dressing: during the sowing manuring the year before last, its barnyard manure consumption is every mu of manuring 1350 ~ 1650 kilograms and 54 ~ 66 kilograms of black ammonium compound fertilizers, its method applies described barnyard manure in Tian Tuzhong together with composite fertilizer, rear leveling of turning over; 2. topdress: should suitably topdress according to potato growing way situation, it topdresses main based on composite fertilizer, and its method fertilizer is placed on distance potato block 5 ~ 8 centimetres far away, digs out a pitting and apply composite fertilizer;
(8) to emerge antifreeze and seedling management: after planting about 15 days, seedling removes wheat straw curtain in case can not be revealed soil by pressing, seedling within about 20 days, is namely had to reveal soil, now should prevent from freezing seedling, night covers with wheat straw curtain, but note can not weight seedling, when seedling grows to 10cm height, without the need to antifreeze seedling again, therefore reclaim wheat straw curtain in order to reusing;
(9) water management: the early stage of potato growth does not water, is fond of Hua Houzai and waters, if sky drought is without rain, waters once every 15 ~ 20 days, to ensure sufficient moisture, gathers in the crops and within first 10 days, stops watering.
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| CN104067839A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-10-01 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | High-yield labor-saving cultivation method of potatoes |
| CN104322254B (en) * | 2014-10-25 | 2016-08-31 | 吴长江 | The cultivation system of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi |
| CN104956910A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-10-07 | 李翔 | High-quality and high-efficiency cultivation method of potatoes in winter and summer |
| CN105940894A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-09-21 | 贵州省印江县依仁食品有限公司 | Sweet potato cultivation method |
| CN107750880A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-03-06 | 佛山市高明区云大机械科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of potato |
| CN107581005A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-01-16 | 黄名玉 | The implantation methods of potato |
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| CN102475008A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2012-05-30 | 张海龙 | High-yield cultivation technology of potatoes |
| CN103141239A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-12 | 杨青 | Straw mulching tillage-free culture technique for potatoes |
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Effective date of registration: 20171016 Address after: 748200 Gansu province Dingxi city Weiyuan county will be the town of Xiguan village eight Club Patentee after: Gansu land agricultural science and Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 748200, No. 219 West Street, Dingxi Town, Weiyuan County, Gansu Patentee before: Qi Xiaoling |