CN105052466A - Method of crop rotation of cayenne peppers and green soy beans after autumn delay for eliminating continuous cropping obstacle - Google Patents
Method of crop rotation of cayenne peppers and green soy beans after autumn delay for eliminating continuous cropping obstacle Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method of crop rotation of cayenne peppers and green soy beans after autumn delay for eliminating a continuous cropping obstacle. The method is characterized in that green soy beans are cultivated in a no-tillage mode after cayenne pepper harvesting after the autumn delay; after green soy bean harvesting, straw returning to field and irrigation to flood the field; and then the cayenne peppers after autumn delay are cultivated. Recycling is carried out based on the crop rotation method. The invention aims at providing a method of crop rotation of cayenne peppers and green soy beans after autumn delay for eliminating continuous cropping obstacle. With the method, occurrence of a continuous cropping obstacle of cayenne peppers after autumn delay can be prevented; the pesticide application and fertilizer inputting can be reduced; the production cost is reduced; the land utilization rate is improved; and the greenhouse economic benefits are increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation, being specifically related to a kind of autumn delays the method that continuous cropping obstacle is alleviated in hot red pepper and green soy bean crop rotation.
Background technology
Huaian hot red pepper is large, scarlet, taste is micro-peppery, and in the whole nation, there is very important status in scarlet green pepper market, can affect the market in each regional scarlet green pepper market, the whole nation." Huaian hot red pepper " has become the national geography mark certification mark, is " Jiangsu Province's famous agricultural product brand ", " Huai'an name brand ", " the public brand in 2011 consumer favorite China's Agricultural region ".At present, the long-term facilityization plantation in Huai'an hot red pepper area reaches 400,000 mu, and annual production reaches 340,000 tons, and income from sales reaches 1,300,000,000 yuan, becomes the leading industry of local farmers increase wealth.But, inevitably continuous cropping obstacle occurs thereupon, hot red pepper usually occurs that vine growth and development is bad in producing, as withered in seedling, rotten, growing point grows abnormal and newborn branches and leaves and can not extend, multiple diseases occurs simultaneously, causes hot red pepper yield and quality to decline, and whole booth can be caused when continuous cropping obstacle disease is serious to have no harvest, had a strong impact on the sustainable development that hot red pepper produces, therefore hot red pepper Soil-sickness Problem is urgently to be resolved hurrily.Although pesticide control has certain effect, there is impact to ecotope, and increase the production cost of hot red pepper.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of autumn and delays the method that continuous cropping obstacle is alleviated in hot red pepper and green soy bean crop rotation, the method can prevent the autumn to delay the generation of hot red pepper continuous cropping obstacle, reduces Pesticide use and fertilizers input, reduces production cost, can land utilization rate be improved again, increase the economic benefit of booth.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Autumn delays the method that continuous cropping obstacle is alleviated in hot red pepper and green soy bean crop rotation, it is characterized in that: the described autumn delay hot red pepper gather after zero tillage green soy bean, after green soy bean is gathered, straw-returning, pours water and floods field, then plants the autumn and delay hot red pepper, circulate by this alternating method, concrete steps are as follows:
1) every year carry out the autumn in early or mid July delay hot red pepper seeding and seedling raising with matrix, cave dish, late August, hot red pepper uniform coloring started to gather to early September transplant planting, end of gathering in Second Year 2, March;
2) autumn delay hot red pepper gather terminate after, horticultural covering film in timely cleaning booth, Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed canopy film, straw screen or mat, mulch film and hot red pepper stubble, Non-ploughing dibble sowing green soy bean, cave distance 10 ~ 20cm, 2 ~ 3, every cave, broadcast rear blinding, covering with plastic film, after cotyledon is unearthed, rupture of membranes puts seedling growth, mid or late May starts to gather, end of gathering June;
3) after green soy bean is gathered and terminated, rotovator is turned over, and green soy bean stalk is all gone back field, builds ridge, pour water and flood field in booth surrounding;
4) draining at the beginning of 8 months is dried in the air moisture in the soil, and late August to early September, furrow were done in whole field, delayed hot red pepper according to the step 1) field planting autumn, carried out circulation crop rotation according to the method described above later.
The Technological improvement plan that the present invention solves further is:
The described step 1) autumn is delayed hot red pepper and adopts matrix, point disk seedling growing, every 667m
2delay hot red pepper seed 50 ~ 70g with the autumn, select row to supply water nursery in booth easily;
Draining is wanted before described step 1) field planting to dry in the air moisture in the soil, every 667m
2execute become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 3000kg, soil conditioner 10 ~ 20kg, 45% composite fertilizer 50kg, potassium sulfate 15kg, above-mentioned component makes base manure, and furrow are done in whole field, and every booth two furrow, plantation density is 4000 ~ 5000 strains/667m
2;
The described step 1) autumn is delayed hot red pepper and selects the cloudy day, or field planting after 4 o'clock of afternoon of fine day, after field planting, canopy surrounding will be ventilated, sunshade net will be added a cover afterwards before midday, after mid or late October, temperature decline should be noted warming, and mid-November takes Small plastic shed in time, covers plastic sheeting for farm use and straw screen or mat night, when temperature continues to decline, night should add the old plastic sheeting for farm use of lid layer again on straw screen or mat; The middle and late growth stage, between extending when capsicum in canopy sees light, when noon, temperature of shed was higher than 28 DEG C as far as possible, aeration-cooling wet down.
The Technological improvement plan that the present invention solves further is:
Described step 2) in the autumn delay hot red pepper gather terminate after, Non-ploughing dibble sowing green soy bean, green soy bean fertilizer used is the superfluous fertilizer of first crop hot red pepper.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
After described step 3) green soy bean is gathered and terminated, rotovator is turned over, and green soy bean stalk is all gone back field, pours water and flood field 50 ~ 70d, and between Irrigation Period, water layer keeps 5 ~ 8cm high, makes green soy bean stalk fast degradation be Organic residues.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Described soil conditioner comprises following component, recessed native 35 ~ 50%, Hongcomb coal-slag 15 ~ 25%, decomposed cow dung 15 ~ 25%, humus 5 ~ 15%, composite bacteria agent capable 5 ~ 10%, wherein composite bacteria agent capable is made up of bacillus subtilis, bacillus laterosporus and bacillus licheniformis.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following obvious advantage:
One, the present invention adopts green soy bean Non-ploughing dibble sowing and straw-returning technology, easy and simple to handle, decreases fertilizers input, reduces production cost, can make full use of again hot red pepper residue fertilizer.
Two, the present invention adopts green soy bean straw-returning technology, can be Organic residues by green soy bean stalk fast degradation, produce a large amount of humus, nutrient is made to become available state and quick-acting state from invalid state and slow state, stalk is also bred a large amount of function bacterium during the fermentation and produces multiple special efficacy metabolite simultaneously, after function bacterium enters soil, can fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, increase soil nutrient, improvement soil structure, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, stimulate crop growth, improve crop disease-resistant, drought resisting, cold tolerance, effectively can alleviate continuous cropping obstacle.
Three, the present invention utilizes to pour water and floods the method in field, not only contribute to stalk fast degradation, can also effectively prevent plastic shed soil acidifying and the soil salinization, wash away the harmful substance (secondary substance and salinity) in plastic shed soil, increase the quantity of beneficial bacterium in plastic shed soil, improvement plastic shed soil, alleviates continuous cropping obstacle.
Four, the present invention utilizes the method for soil conditioner Fertilizers, utilizes the growth of composite bacillus stimulating plant, the alleviation hardening soil, effect such as improvement ecological environment of soil, disease resistance etc. effectively can alleviate continuous cropping obstacle.
Five, the present invention utilizes hot red pepper and green soy bean crop rotation, decreases Pesticide use, reduces production cost, can improve soil again, have good environmental benefit and economic benefit, can promote the sustainable development of hot red pepper industry.
In sum, utilize hot red pepper and green soy bean crop rotation technology not only can prevent the generation of hot red pepper continuous cropping obstacle but also can improve the availability of booth and increase economic benefit, green soy bean straw-returning can also improve soil structure, increases soil nutrient, improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio.According to measuring and calculating, moisture content 14.1%, crude protein 9.2%, crude fat 1.7%, raw fiber 36.4%, nitrogen free extract 34.2% and coarse ash 4.4% in legume crop stalk are that one has multiduty reproducible living resources; Green soy bean stalk fast degradation can be Organic residues by straw-returning technology, produces a large amount of humus, makes nutrient become available state and quick-acting state from invalid state and slow state, stimulates plant growth.Stalk is also bred a large amount of function bacterium during the fermentation and produces multiple special efficacy metabolite simultaneously, after function bacterium enters soil, can fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, increase soil nutrient, improvement soil structure, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, stimulate crop growth, improve crop disease-resistant, drought resisting, cold tolerance.Therefore, hot red pepper and green soy bean crop rotation technology, to alleviation continuous cropping obstacle, promote that the sustainable development of hot red pepper industry has important and far-reaching meaning.
Embodiment
Autumn of the present invention delay hot red pepper gather after zero tillage green soy bean, after green soy bean is gathered, straw-returning, pours water and floods field, then plants the autumn and delay hot red pepper, and circulate by this alternating method, concrete steps are as follows:
1) every year carry out the autumn in early or mid July delay hot red pepper seeding and seedling raising with matrix, cave dish, late August, hot red pepper uniform coloring started to gather to early September transplant planting, end of gathering in Second Year 2, March;
2) autumn delay hot red pepper gather terminate after, horticultural covering film in timely cleaning booth, Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed canopy film, straw screen or mat, mulch film and hot red pepper stubble, Non-ploughing dibble sowing green soy bean, cave distance 10 ~ 20cm, 2 ~ 3, every cave, broadcast rear blinding, covering with plastic film, after cotyledon is unearthed, rupture of membranes puts seedling growth, mid or late May starts to gather, end of gathering June;
3) after green soy bean is gathered and terminated, rotovator is turned over, and green soy bean stalk is all gone back field, and build ridge in booth surrounding, steady and sure ridge, pours water and flood field;
4) draining at the beginning of 8 months is dried in the air moisture in the soil, and late August to early September, furrow were done in whole field, delayed hot red pepper according to the step 1) field planting autumn, carried out circulation crop rotation according to the method described above later.
The described step 1) autumn prolongs hot red pepper and adopts matrix, point disk seedling growing, every 667m
2delay hot red pepper seed 50 ~ 70g with the autumn, select row to supply water nursery in booth easily.
Draining is wanted before described step 1) field planting to dry in the air moisture in the soil, every 667m
2execute become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 3000kg, soil conditioner 10 ~ 20kg, 45% composite fertilizer 50kg, potassium sulfate 15kg, above-mentioned component makes base manure, and furrow are done in whole field, and every booth two furrow, plantation density is 4000 ~ 5000 strains/667m2.
The described step 1) autumn is delayed hot red pepper and selects the cloudy day, or field planting after 4 o'clock of afternoon of fine day, after field planting, canopy surrounding will be ventilated, sunshade net will be added a cover afterwards before midday, after mid or late October, temperature decline should be noted warming, and mid-November takes Small plastic shed in time, covers plastic sheeting for farm use and straw screen or mat night, when temperature continues to decline, night should add the old plastic sheeting for farm use of lid layer again on straw screen or mat; The middle and late growth stage, between extending when capsicum in canopy sees light, when noon, temperature of shed was higher than 28 DEG C as far as possible, aeration-cooling wet down.
Described step 2) in the autumn delay hot red pepper gather terminate after, Non-ploughing dibble sowing green soy bean, green soy bean fertilizer used is the superfluous fertilizer of first crop hot red pepper.
After described step 3) green soy bean is gathered and terminated, rotovator is turned over, and green soy bean stalk is all gone back field, pours water and flood field 50 ~ 70d, and between Irrigation Period, water layer keeps 5 ~ 8cm high, makes green soy bean stalk fast degradation be Organic residues.
Described soil conditioner comprises following component, recessed native 35 ~ 50%, Hongcomb coal-slag 15 ~ 25%, decomposed cow dung 15 ~ 25%, humus 5 ~ 15%, composite bacteria agent capable 5 ~ 10%, wherein composite bacteria agent capable is made up of bacillus subtilis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis.
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention and understanding, further illustrate technical solution of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, these embodiments should not be understood as the restriction to technical solution.
embodiment 1:
Step is as follows:
(1) autumn delay hot red pepper nursery in mid-July select to supply water row adopt matrix easily in booth, cave dish carries out, every 667m
2with hot red pepper seed 70g, after planting add a cover sunshade net and to shade cooling;
(2) at the beginning of 8 months, draining is dried in the air moisture in the soil, early September, every 667m
2execute fertilizer that 3000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, soil conditioner 10kg, 45% composite fertilizer 50kg, potassium sulfate 15kg, make base manure, plough soil, furrow are done in whole field, every booth two furrow, after selecting fine day 4:00 in afternoon, or the cloudy day carries out the autumn and delays hot red pepper field planting, and plantation density is 5000 strains/667m
2, field planting irrigates seedbed water in first 1 day, ensures that root system is complete, after seedling is implanted planting pit, irrigates normal root water in time, add a cover sunshade net in time and to shade cooling, delay hot red pepper Routine Management technology later manage by the autumn after field planting during field planting; Early March is gathered end.
(3) autumn is delayed after hot red pepper gathers and terminate, in time the horticultural covering film of cleaning booth, Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed canopy film, straw screen or mat, mulch film and hot red pepper stubble; Mid-March Non-ploughing dibble sowing green soy bean, cave is apart from 20cm, and 2, every cave, broadcasts rear blinding, covering with plastic film, and after cotyledon is unearthed, rupture of membranes puts seedling growth, and green soy bean fertilizer used is the superfluous fertilizer of first crop hot red pepper.
(4) after planting temperature keeps 25 ~ 30 DEG C daytime in canopy, and night, temperature remained on more than 15 DEG C, promoted that seedling is unearthed rapidly; Be suitable for temperature 20 ~ 28 DEG C in daytime flowering stage, night temperature about 15 DEG C, can not lower than 12 DEG C.Pod bearing period, suitably reduces temperature, daytime temperature 20 ~ 25 DEG C, night temperature more than 15 DEG C.Mid-May plucks beanpod in good time in batches.
(5) after green soy bean gathered and terminated early June, rotovator is turned over, by green soy bean stalk all also fields, build the ridge of high 25cm, wide 10cm in booth surrounding, steady and sure ridge, pour water and flood field 50d, between Irrigation Period, water layer keeps 5 ~ 8cm high, makes green soy bean stalk fast degradation be Organic residues.
(6) circulate according to above-mentioned alternating method later.
embodiment 2:
Step is as follows:
(1) autumn delay hot red pepper nursery in early July select to supply water row adopt matrix easily in booth, cave dish carries out, every 667m
2with hot red pepper seed 50g, after planting add a cover sunshade net and to shade cooling;
(2) to dry in the air moisture in the soil in late July draining, late August, every 667m
2execute fertilizer that 3000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed, 45% composite fertilizer 50kg, soil conditioner 20kg, potassium sulfate 15kg, make base manure, plough soil, furrow are done in whole field, every booth two furrow, after selecting fine day 4:00 in afternoon, or the cloudy day carries out the autumn and delays hot red pepper field planting, and plantation density is 4000 strains/667m
2, field planting irrigates seedbed water in first 1 day, ensures that root system is complete during field planting, after seedling is implanted planting pit, pats mulch film, irrigate normal root water in time with soil pressure is real, adds a cover sunshade net in time and to shade cooling, delay hot red pepper Routine Management technology later manage by the autumn after field planting.Late Febuary gathers end.
(3) autumn is delayed after hot red pepper gathers and terminate, in time the horticultural covering film of cleaning booth, Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed canopy film, straw screen or mat, mulch film and hot red pepper stubble.Early March, Non-ploughing dibble sowing green soy bean, cave is apart from 20cm, and 3, every cave, broadcasts rear blinding, covering with plastic film, and after cotyledon is unearthed, rupture of membranes puts seedling growth, and green soy bean fertilizer used is the superfluous fertilizer of first crop hot red pepper.
(4) after planting temperature keeps 25 ~ 30 DEG C daytime in canopy, and night, temperature remained on more than 15 DEG C, promoted that seedling is unearthed rapidly; Be suitable for temperature 20 ~ 28 DEG C in daytime flowering stage, night temperature about 15 DEG C, can not lower than 12 DEG C.Pod bearing period, suitably reduces temperature, daytime temperature 20 ~ 25 DEG C, night temperature more than 15 DEG C.May, early and middle ten days plucked beanpod in good time in batches, and early June gathers end.
(5) after green soy bean is gathered and terminated, rotovator is turned over, and green soy bean stalk is all gone back field, pours water and flood field 70d, and between Irrigation Period, water layer keeps 5 ~ 8cm high, makes green soy bean stalk fast degradation be Organic residues.
(6) circulate according to above-mentioned alternating method later.
It should be noted that above-described embodiment is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; be not used for limiting protection scope of the present invention; the equivalent replacement that the basis of technique scheme is made or alternative; all belong to protection scope of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with claims.
Claims (7)
1. the autumn delays the method that continuous cropping obstacle is alleviated in hot red pepper and green soy bean crop rotation, it is characterized in that: the described autumn delay hot red pepper gather after zero tillage green soy bean, after green soy bean is gathered, straw-returning, pours water and floods field, then plants the autumn and delay hot red pepper, circulate by this alternating method, concrete steps are as follows:
1) every year carry out the autumn in early or mid July delay hot red pepper seeding and seedling raising with matrix, cave dish, late August, hot red pepper uniform coloring started to gather to early September transplant planting, end of gathering in Second Year 2, March;
2) autumn delay hot red pepper gather terminate after, horticultural covering film in timely cleaning booth, Small plastic shed, Small plastic shed canopy film, straw screen or mat, mulch film and hot red pepper stubble, Non-ploughing dibble sowing green soy bean, cave distance 10 ~ 20cm, 2 ~ 3, every cave, broadcast rear blinding, covering with plastic film, after cotyledon is unearthed, rupture of membranes puts seedling growth, mid or late May starts to gather, end of gathering June;
3) after green soy bean is gathered and terminated, rotovator is turned over, and green soy bean stalk is all gone back field, builds ridge, pour water and flood field in booth surrounding;
4) draining at the beginning of 8 months is dried in the air moisture in the soil, and late August to early September, furrow were done in whole field, delayed hot red pepper according to the step 1) field planting autumn, carried out circulation crop rotation according to the method described above later.
2. a kind of autumn according to claim 1 delays the method that continuous cropping obstacle is alleviated in hot red pepper and green soy bean crop rotation, it is characterized in that: the described step 1) autumn is delayed hot red pepper and adopts matrix, point disk seedling growing, every 667m
2with hot red pepper seed 50 ~ 70g, row is selected to supply water nursery in booth easily.
3. a kind of autumn according to claim 1 and 2 delays the method that continuous cropping obstacle is alleviated in hot red pepper and green soy bean crop rotation, it is characterized in that: want draining to dry in the air moisture in the soil before described step 1) field planting, every 667m
2execute become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 3000kg, soil conditioner 10 ~ 20kg, 45% composite fertilizer 50kg, potassium sulfate 15kg, above-mentioned component makes base manure, and furrow are done in whole field, and every booth two furrow, plantation density is 4000 ~ 5000 strains/667m
2.
4. a kind of autumn according to claim 1 and 2 delays the method that continuous cropping obstacle is alleviated in hot red pepper and green soy bean crop rotation, it is characterized in that: the described step 1) autumn is delayed hot red pepper and selects the cloudy day, or field planting after 4 o'clock of afternoon of fine day, after field planting, canopy surrounding will be ventilated, sunshade net will be added a cover afterwards before midday, after mid or late October, temperature decline should be noted warming, mid-November takes Small plastic shed in time, cover plastic sheeting for farm use and straw screen or mat night, when temperature continues to decline, night should add the old plastic sheeting for farm use of lid layer again on straw screen or mat; The middle and late growth stage, between extending when capsicum in canopy sees light, when noon, temperature of shed was higher than 28 DEG C as far as possible, aeration-cooling wet down.
5. a kind of autumn according to claim 1 delays the method that continuous cropping obstacle is alleviated in hot red pepper and green soy bean crop rotation, it is characterized in that: described step 2) in delay after hot red pepper gathers and terminate in the autumn, Non-ploughing dibble sowing green soy bean, green soy bean fertilizer used is the superfluous fertilizer of first crop hot red pepper.
6. a kind of autumn according to claim 1 delays the method that continuous cropping obstacle is alleviated in hot red pepper and green soy bean crop rotation, it is characterized in that: after described step 3) green soy bean is gathered and terminated, rotovator is turned over, green soy bean stalk is all gone back field, pour water and flood field 50 ~ 70d, between Irrigation Period, water layer keeps 5 ~ 8cm high, makes green soy bean stalk fast degradation be Organic residues.
7. a kind of autumn according to claim 3 delays the method that continuous cropping obstacle is alleviated in hot red pepper and green soy bean crop rotation, it is characterized in that: described soil conditioner comprises following component, recessed native 35 ~ 50%, Hongcomb coal-slag 15 ~ 25%, decomposed cow dung 15 ~ 25%, humus 5 ~ 15%, composite bacteria agent capable 5 ~ 10%, wherein composite bacteria agent capable is made up of bacillus subtilis, bacillus laterosporus and bacillus licheniformis.
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| CN105379546A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-03-09 | 陈德生 | Early-spring pepper four-film-covered close planting efficient cultivation technology |
| CN107593352A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-19 | 翟笃震 | A kind of green soy bean Small plastic shed adds plastic film method for transplanting |
| CN110804442A (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-02-18 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Ecological restoration method and restoration agent for soil with facility economic crop planting obstacle |
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