CN103766035A - Method for efficiently returning straw to field - Google Patents
Method for efficiently returning straw to field Download PDFInfo
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- CN103766035A CN103766035A CN201410009733.1A CN201410009733A CN103766035A CN 103766035 A CN103766035 A CN 103766035A CN 201410009733 A CN201410009733 A CN 201410009733A CN 103766035 A CN103766035 A CN 103766035A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficiently returning straw to a field. The method comprises the steps that 1, root stubbles are returned to the field; 2, the straw is returned to the field, wherein the straw can be directly returned to the field or returned to the field in a water-logged compost mode. According to the mode, the method for efficiently returning the straw to the field is low in treatment cost and high in efficiency. Parts of crops are independently treated in a separated mode and each part of the crops can be dissolved as thorough as possible, so that the physical property of soil is improved, nourishment in the soil is increased, and the yield of the crops is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to straw-returning field, particularly relate to a kind of high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning.
Background technology
Now, people rely on the nutrient that increases soil with chemical fertilizer, impel the growth of crop, the stalk of crops is incinerated, but in the time of crop straw burning, can produce a large amount of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and pellet, wherein the concentration ratio of sulphur dioxide exceeds 1 times at ordinary times, nitrogen dioxide, the concentration ratio of pellet exceeds 3 times at ordinary times, these eyes to people, the part that nose and throat etc. contain mucous membrane stimulates larger, can bring very large harm to people's health, and in burning, microorganism in earth's surface is scorched to death, humus, organic by mineralising, destroy the balance of the ecosystem, , increase the weight of soil compaction, destroy soil fertility, aggravate arid, the growth of crops thereby be affected, so straw-returning method that people need to meet the demands more.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning, the various piece of crops is decomposed separately and processed, have that treatment effeciency is high, cost is low, the improvement ability of soil is strong, simple operation and other advantages, simultaneously the application aspect straw-returning and universal on have market prospects widely.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
A kind of high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning is provided, and its step comprises: one. stubble in field: in harvesting crop, the height of crop root residue is retained in to 15cm-20cm; When soil moisture is at 25%-30% time, soil and crop root residue to be ploughed shallowly, the shallow plowing degree of depth is 8cm-12cm; When shallow plowing, execute the lime of 30-40kg for every mu; After shallow plowing, according to the nitrogen phosphorus mass ratio of 3:1, execute the nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer of 15-20kg for every mu; Soil and crop root residue are deep ploughed, and the deep ploughing degree of depth is 15cm-26cm; The segment that diameter is greater than to 8cm crushes, and then soil surface is raked;
Two. straw-returning: 1) direct returning to farmland: stalk is cut up with a hay cutter broken or smashed with random careless machine, and the length after smashing is 8cm-16 cm; Hand hay cutter stalk broken or that smash is spread on to field face equably, and every mu is dropped into stalk 150-250kg; Execute the urea of 2-7kg for every mu; In the time of soil moisture content 25%-30%, stalk is ploughed under in the soil layer of 12cm-15 cm, allow stalk and urea puddle in topsoil; The water of soil surface is drained, allowed soil surface be exposed in air, and once poured water every 5-10 days; 2) make compost and go back field: direct returning to farmland is remained to the crushed stalk of getting off or be chopped into 3cm-6cm long; In the 3-4 month, the stalk of 7-10 part, the night soil of 1-4 part and the livestock and poultry fecaluria of 2-8 part are carried out to mix and blend fully; Mixture after stirring is watered to sufficient water, make water content in mixture at 60%-70%; Hot water is irrigated to animal wastes, make its temperature be more than or equal to 40 ℃; Straw is in a huddle, and light, by stable manure toilet cover on stack of rice straw; By mixture covering in animal wastes in layer, form a fermentation heap, pile high 1.5 m-2.5m, and on fermentation heap, cover plastic film; Continue fermentation heap to heat, and the temperature of heating is controlled at 50 ℃-70 ℃; Fermentation 7-10 days, and when the temperature of fermentation heap is during at 60 ℃-65 ℃, auxiliary fertilizer is covered on described fermentation heap, then ferment; Every 5-8 days, once ferment again, continue, after 3-4 time, to form compost made of stalks; Execute compost made of stalks 1000kg-1800kg and composite fertilizer for every mu, then, to the soil weeding of deep ploughing, finally pour water.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition of described auxiliary fertilizer and ratio are: the ammonium sulfate of the lime of the chicken manure of the horsehit of 10-15 part, the rabbit excrement of 4-8 part, 2-5 part, the night soil of 5-10 part, 10-25 part, the carbonic hydroammonium of 15-25 part, 5-10 part,, the ammonium chloride of 4-8 part and the urea of 10-15 part.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition of described composite fertilizer and ratio are: the ammonium nitrate of the ammoniacal liquor of the ammonium sulfate of the lime of 15-25 part, the carbonic hydroammonium of 5-12 part, 5-10 part, the ammonium chloride of 5-10 part, 10-15 part, the sodium nitrate of 2-5 part, 4-10 part, the urea of 10-15 part, fishbone dust, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of 5-10 part and the superphosphate of 4-10 part of 15-20 part.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: processing cost is low, efficiency is high, the various piece of crops is separated and carries out independent processing, the various piece of crops can be broken off as much as possible, thereby improve the physical property of soil, increase the nutriment in soil, increase the output of crops.
Embodiment
To the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention be clearly and completely described below, obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making all other embodiment that obtain under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
A high-efficient treatment method for straw-returning, its step comprises:
One. stubble in field: in harvesting crop, the height of crop root residue is retained in to 15cm-20cm; When soil moisture is at 25%-30% time, soil and crop root residue to be ploughed shallowly, the shallow plowing degree of depth is 8cm-12cm; When shallow plowing, execute the lime of 30-40kg for every mu; After shallow plowing, according to the nitrogen phosphorus mass ratio of 3:1, execute the nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer of 15-20kg for every mu; Soil and crop root residue are deep ploughed, and the deep ploughing degree of depth is 15cm-26cm; The segment that diameter is greater than to 8cm crushes, and then soil surface is raked;
In harvesting crops, root stubble is generally all retained in soil, but because burning is unfavorable for circulation and the absorption of nutrition, so root stubble need to be shredded, and mix with nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, accelerate the decomposition of root stubble, reduction and the absorption of promotion nutrient component.
Two. straw-returning:
1) direct returning to farmland: stalk is cut up with a hay cutter broken or smashed with random careless machine, and the length after smashing is 8cm-16 cm; Hand hay cutter stalk broken or that smash is spread on to field face equably, and every mu is dropped into stalk 150-250kg; Execute the urea of 2-7kg for every mu; In the time of soil moisture content 25%-30%, stalk is ploughed under in the soil layer of 12cm-15 cm, allow stalk and urea puddle in topsoil; The water of soil surface is drained, allowed soil surface be exposed in air, and once poured water every 5-10 days, because under flooding condition, stalk is more prone to carry out decomposition, so will allow the suitable water content of soil conservation, promotes the carrying out of decomposing;
Direct returning to farmland simple to operate, cost is low, can be when other stalks be degenerated, first put into field and decompose, discharge in advance nutriment, and make compost that also field is spaced apart, form a stereovision, the absorption of instant nutrient.
2) make compost and go back field: direct returning to farmland is remained to the crushed stalk of getting off or be chopped into 3cm-6cm length, can reduce like this volume of single stalk, conveniently become thoroughly decomposed; In the 3-4 month, the stalk of 7-10 part, the night soil of 1-4 part and the livestock and poultry fecaluria of 2-8 part are carried out to mix and blend fully; Mixture after stirring is watered to sufficient water, make water content in mixture at 60%-70%, can strengthen like this activity of microorganism, accelerate the speed of becoming thoroughly decomposed; Hot water is irrigated to animal wastes, make its temperature be more than or equal to 40 ℃; Straw is in a huddle, and light, by stable manure toilet cover on stack of rice straw; By mixture covering in animal wastes in layer, form a fermentation heap, pile high 1.5 m-2.5m, and on fermentation heap, cover plastic film; Continue fermentation heap to heat, and the temperature of heating is controlled at 50 ℃-70 ℃, because microorganism has specific living environment, the height of temperature directly affects the activity of microorganism, between 50 ℃-65 ℃ time, activity the best of microorganism, can accelerate the decomposition of stalk, simultaneously again can kill pathogens, worm's ovum, reduce the volatilization of ammonia, when temperature exceedes 70 ℃ or during lower than 50 ℃, the activity of microorganism can reduce; Fermentation 7-10 days, and when the temperature of fermentation heap is during at 60 ℃-65 ℃, auxiliary fertilizer is covered on described fermentation heap, then ferment, in the time that the temperature of fermentation heap maintains 60 ℃-65 ℃, illustrate that fermentation heap has been decomposed; Every 5-8 days, once ferment again, continue, after 3-4 time, to form compost made of stalks, the compost made of stalks of having sent out has black, random, smelly feature, has black juice and ammonia stink, and softness when wet is flexible, very crisp when dry, easily broken; Execute compost made of stalks 1000kg-1800kg and composite fertilizer for every mu, then to the soil weeding of deep ploughing, finally pour water, because the carbon nitrogen content in stalk is very high, high like this C/N ratio rots just to there will be denitrification in process at stalk, microorganism absorbs the quick-acting nitrogens in soil, needed crops quick-acting nitrogens are seized, make seedling jaundice, poor growth, is unfavorable for cultivating strong sprout, therefore, in straw-returning, coordinate and apply chemical nitrogen fertilizer, keep the rational C/N ratio of stalk.
Because fresh straw can produce various organic acids in digest process, to the toxic effect of crop root, therefore, carry out straw-returning in soil acid and that gas permeability is poor time, should apply appropriate lime, neutralize the organic acid producing, help the absorption of nutrition.
The composition of described auxiliary fertilizer and ratio are: the ammonium sulfate of the lime of the chicken manure of the horsehit of 10-15 part, the rabbit excrement of 4-8 part, 2-5 part, the night soil of 5-10 part, 10-25 part, the carbonic hydroammonium of 15-25 part, 5-10 part,, the ammonium chloride of 4-8 part and the urea of 10-15 part.
The composition of described composite fertilizer and ratio are: the ammonium nitrate of the ammoniacal liquor of the ammonium sulfate of the lime of 15-25 part, the carbonic hydroammonium of 5-12 part, 5-10 part, the ammonium chloride of 5-10 part, 10-15 part, the sodium nitrate of 2-5 part, 4-10 part, the urea of 10-15 part, fishbone dust, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of 5-10 part and the superphosphate of 4-10 part of 15-20 part.
The beneficial effect of the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning of the present invention is:
1. straw-returning can supplement soil nutrient: crops straw contains certain nutrient and cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein and ash element, existing more organic matter, there are again the nutritive elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, if stalk is transported from field or is burnt, remain in so organic matter in soil lower than 10%, thereby cause the decline of soil fertility.
2. straw-returning has promoted microbial activities: straw-returning has increased mass energy material to edaphon, all kinds of micro organism quantities and enzymic activity be corresponding increase also, this has just accelerated decomposition to organic substance and the conversion of mineral matter nutrient, make the nitrogen in soil, phosphorus, the elements such as potassium increase, the validity of soil nutrient also increases, in addition, the cellulose producing after microorganism decomposition and inversion, lignin, the black such as polysaccharide and humus colloid thing, there is the ability of bonding grogs, form organic and inorganic complex with clay mineral, promote soil to form granular structure, volume weight of soils is alleviated, increase water in soil, fertile, gas, the coordination ability of heat, improve soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation, the ability of fertilizer, improve soil physical and chemical property.
3. straw-returning can reduce fertilizer application amount: the nitrogen that crop absorbs is mainly from the original nitrogen in soil, from chemical fertilizer only account for 23%-24%, so straw-returning is the fabulous way that makes up the long-term familiar lacunas of chemical fertilizer.
4. straw-returning can be improved the ecological environment: crop straw burning not only can pollute air, affect traffic, upper soll layer coking etc., but also can affect agroecological environment, can not twice laid.
The high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning, its processing cost is low, efficiency is high, the various piece of crops is separated and carries out independent processing, the various piece of crops can be broken off as much as possible, thereby improve the physical property of soil, increase the nutriment in soil, increase the output of crops.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical field, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a high-efficient treatment method for straw-returning, is characterized in that, step comprises:
One. stubble in field:
In harvesting crop, the height of crop root residue is retained in to 15cm-20cm;
When soil moisture is at 25%-30% time, soil and crop root residue to be ploughed shallowly, the shallow plowing degree of depth is 8cm-12cm;
When shallow plowing, execute the lime of 30-40kg for every mu;
After shallow plowing, according to the nitrogen phosphorus mass ratio of 3:1, execute the nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer of 15-20kg for every mu;
Soil and crop root residue are deep ploughed, and the deep ploughing degree of depth is 15cm-26cm;
The segment that diameter is greater than to 8cm crushes, and then soil surface is raked;
Two. straw-returning:
1) direct returning to farmland:
Stalk is cut up with a hay cutter broken or smashed with random careless machine, and the length after smashing is 8cm-16 cm;
Hand hay cutter stalk broken or that smash is spread on to field face equably, and every mu is dropped into stalk 150-250kg;
Execute the urea of 2-7kg for every mu;
In the time of soil moisture content 25%-30%, stalk is ploughed under in the soil layer of 12cm-15 cm, allow stalk and urea puddle in topsoil;
The water of soil surface is drained, allowed soil surface be exposed in air, and once poured water every 5-10 days;
2) make compost and go back field:
Direct returning to farmland is remained to the crushed stalk of getting off or is chopped into 3cm-6cm long;
In the 3-4 month, the stalk of 7-10 part, the night soil of 1-4 part and the livestock and poultry fecaluria of 2-8 part are carried out to mix and blend fully;
Mixture after stirring is watered to sufficient water, make water content in mixture at 60%-70%;
Hot water is irrigated to animal wastes, make its temperature be more than or equal to 40 ℃;
Straw is in a huddle, and light, by stable manure toilet cover on stack of rice straw;
By mixture covering in animal wastes in layer, form a fermentation heap, pile high 1.5 m-2.5m, and on fermentation heap, cover plastic film;
Continue fermentation heap to heat, and the temperature of heating is controlled at 50 ℃-70 ℃;
Fermentation 7-10 days, and when the temperature of fermentation heap is during at 60 ℃-65 ℃, auxiliary fertilizer is covered on described fermentation heap, then ferment;
Every 5-8 days, once ferment again, continue, after 3-4 time, to form compost made of stalks;
Execute compost made of stalks 1000kg-1800kg and composite fertilizer for every mu, then, to the soil weeding of deep ploughing, finally pour water.
2. the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the composition of described auxiliary fertilizer and ratio are: the ammonium sulfate of the lime of the chicken manure of the horsehit of 10-15 part, the rabbit excrement of 4-8 part, 2-5 part, the night soil of 5-10 part, 10-25 part, the carbonic hydroammonium of 15-25 part, 5-10 part,, the ammonium chloride of 4-8 part and the urea of 10-15 part.
3. the high-efficient treatment method of straw-returning according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the composition of described composite fertilizer and ratio are: the ammonium nitrate of the ammoniacal liquor of the ammonium sulfate of the lime of 15-25 part, the carbonic hydroammonium of 5-12 part, 5-10 part, the ammonium chloride of 5-10 part, 10-15 part, the sodium nitrate of 2-5 part, 4-10 part, the urea of 10-15 part, fishbone dust, the fused calcium magnesium phosphate of 5-10 part and the superphosphate of 4-10 part of 15-20 part.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104355714A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-02-18 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Straw composting method |
| CN104844290A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-08-19 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Mulberry twig in-situ rapid composting method |
| CN105052466A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 淮阴工学院 | Method of crop rotation of cayenne peppers and green soy beans after autumn delay for eliminating continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN105060974A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-18 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Fertilizer transforming returning method for straws |
| CN106879307A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-23 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of maize straw in the ranks goes back field method |
| CN107548598A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-01-09 | 桂平市蒙圩镇火炎种养专业合作社 | A kind of high-efficient treatment method of vineyard straw-returning |
| CN107615936A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-01-23 | 郑州市农林科学研究所 | A kind of orchard branch returning to the field method |
| CN108689752A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-10-23 | 宁夏农林科学院固原分院 | A kind of vegetables waste dish passes through direct returning to farmland method and carries out Fertilizer Transformed reutilization technology |
| CN110076195A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-08-02 | 陈方鑫 | A kind of reactor being percolated with the method and simulation soil nitrogen of straw-returning retention soil nitrogen |
| CN110557996A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-13 | 吉林辰雨农业科技有限公司 | sustainable saline-alkali soil paddy field improvement method and mixed organic fertilizer |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104355714A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-02-18 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Straw composting method |
| CN104844290A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-08-19 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Mulberry twig in-situ rapid composting method |
| CN104844290B (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2017-09-19 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | A kind of method of ramulus mori quick composting in situ |
| CN105060974A (en) * | 2015-07-25 | 2015-11-18 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Fertilizer transforming returning method for straws |
| CN105052466A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 淮阴工学院 | Method of crop rotation of cayenne peppers and green soy beans after autumn delay for eliminating continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN106879307A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-23 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of maize straw in the ranks goes back field method |
| CN107548598A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-01-09 | 桂平市蒙圩镇火炎种养专业合作社 | A kind of high-efficient treatment method of vineyard straw-returning |
| CN107615936A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-01-23 | 郑州市农林科学研究所 | A kind of orchard branch returning to the field method |
| CN108689752A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-10-23 | 宁夏农林科学院固原分院 | A kind of vegetables waste dish passes through direct returning to farmland method and carries out Fertilizer Transformed reutilization technology |
| CN110076195A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-08-02 | 陈方鑫 | A kind of reactor being percolated with the method and simulation soil nitrogen of straw-returning retention soil nitrogen |
| CN110557996A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-13 | 吉林辰雨农业科技有限公司 | sustainable saline-alkali soil paddy field improvement method and mixed organic fertilizer |
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