CN108516876A - A method of producing organic fertilizer using pig manure and vegetables straw - Google Patents
A method of producing organic fertilizer using pig manure and vegetables straw Download PDFInfo
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- CN108516876A CN108516876A CN201810312090.6A CN201810312090A CN108516876A CN 108516876 A CN108516876 A CN 108516876A CN 201810312090 A CN201810312090 A CN 201810312090A CN 108516876 A CN108516876 A CN 108516876A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods producing organic fertilizer using pig manure and vegetables straw.By pig manure and vegetables straw, the direct hybrid composting after simple process ferments this method, stringent to control pig manure and the dry weight ratio of vegetables straw and the water content of mixed material, and is aerated by the way of Manual punching gravity-flow ventilation to improve the success rate of compost.Manual punching gravity-flow ventilation of the present invention replaces blower equipment, fermenting agent, inorganic fertilizer and other lignocellulosic materials need not be added, using vegetables straw as pig manure conditioner, pig manure fermentation period is shortened, improves nutrient content in the decomposed degree of product and composting production.Entirely method is simple, and operability is strong, is easily grasped by numerous raisers, is highly suitable for promotion and application in small farm.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to composting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of side producing organic fertilizer using pig manure and vegetables straw
Method.
Background technology
With the continuous promotion of China's economic society level, the people are increasing year by year the demand of pork product, and pig is supported
It grows scale constantly to expand, while the destruction of environment is also being continued to increase.According to statistics, China generates feces of livestock and poultry 3,800,000,000 every year
Ton.Consider from using angle, pig manure is the product through protopepsia, contains abundant organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium of high level
And trace element, it is used as organic fertilizer after fermented processing, is suitable for various soil and crop, there is good Soil building
Effect, is the most comprehensive fertilizer of nutrition.But due to the water content of pig manure is high, be not easy to transport, intractability is big, stink again etc.
Feature causes serious destruction to farm's ambient enviroment, cause nearby residents quality of life decline, groundwater resources pollution with
And the problems such as pathogen transmission.
China's vegetables production scale is gradually developed, and the important agriculture mainstay industry in some areas is become, and annual
Generate nearly 900,000,000 tons of the agricultural crop straws such as vegetables.Vegetables straw is a kind of by-product of agricultural production, has prodigious fertilizer valence
Value can increase organic rich in a great number of elements such as organic matter and phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements using stalk as composting material
The content of matter adjusts the permeability of composting material, improves the micro-ecological environment of compost, and the wooden fibre moderately degraded after compost
Dimension element has larger help to the improvement of soil aggregate structure.At present vegetables straw Land use systems mainly have stalk crushing after returning to the field,
Stalk makes organic fertilizer, stalk marsh gas etc..But since vegetables straw and crop material scale are big, and wide variety, it is difficult to it advises
The problems such as modelling uses, therefore its overall utilization ratio is not high, remaining stalk is thrown aside farmland and burning, causes a series of environment
And ecological problem.
Invention content
The present invention overcomes the above problems, provide a kind of method producing organic fertilizer using pig manure and vegetables straw, should
Method is the direct hybrid composting fermentation after simple process by pig manure and vegetables straw, by strictly controlling pig manure and vegetables straw
The dry weight ratio of stalk and the water content of mixed material, and using modes such as Manual punching gravity-flow ventilations, to ensure the success of compost
Rate.This method need not use the equipment such as air blower, and the simple operability of method is strong, is easily grasped by numerous raisers, very
Being suitble to small farm, (need not transport) handles pig manure on the spot, so as to avoid presently, there are " pig manure is not easy to transport, handles hardly possible
Degree is big " caused by pig manure the problem of can not efficiently using and polluting environment.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：It is a kind of to utilize pig manure and vegetables straw
The method for producing organic fertilizer, includes the following steps：
(1) it pre-processes：Fresh pig manure is dried 1-2 days, reduces its moisture to 50%-70%；Use mechanical crushing method
Vegetables straw after drying is crushed, length is crushed to and is less than 15mm, be uniformly sprayed onto water using atomized spray tool
On vegetables straw after crushing, it is 50%-60% to make its water content, spare；
(2) batch mixing：By treated, pig manure is mixed with vegetables straw, and pig manure is 1.9-2.1 with vegetables straw dry weight ratio:1,
Then it is 55%-62% that water, which is added, and adjusts mixed material water content；
(3) temperature rise period：Mixture obtained by step (2) is transported to the place that ventilation is taken shelter from rain to be packed together, the length of heap body
Degree is 1.2-1.6m, width 1-1.2m, is highly 1.1-1.5m, carries out aerobic fermentation；Punching is (specific at the top of heap body simultaneously
For：Top surface respectively makes a hole close to the position of four edges, is made a hole in centre, and bore dia 2-5cm, five holes are struck a bargain
Fork crosswise simultaneously gets to always ground), and natural ventilating status is kept, ten two points of every morning measures heap body temperature with thermometer
Degree；When fermentation to heap temperature >=50 DEG C (fermentation time is 5-7 days), the temperature rise period terminates；Every turning in 3 days is primary, comes every time
Even four times of back-mixing, makes material mix well, and continues to be piled into heap body and punch gravity-flow ventilation after turning to carry out aerobic fermentation.This rank
The most of material of section is all agglomerating, and heap body has denseer foul smell, heap surface layer to have maggot.
(4) hot stage：Heap body obtained by step (3) is continued to ferment, the first three days of beginning reduces by 50% gravity-flow ventilation
Amount, and makes a call to five holes at the top of heap body, second 3 days it is stuffy and five holes are made a call in continuation at the top of heap body, then carry out anaerobism
Fermentation, does not punch stuffy yet, and ten two points of every morning measures heap temperature with thermometer；Fermentation time be 13-17 days, every 3
Its turning is primary, and mixing twice, makes material mix well back and forth every time.There is white hypha to grow inside this stage heap body, surface
Hot gas, no maggot are emitted, temperature is not considered as decomposed completion in apparent increase.
(5) temperature-fall period：Heap body obtained by step (4) is continued to ferment, this stage carries out gravity-flow ventilation (not punching), daily
At ten two points in the morning measures heap temperature with thermometer；Fermentation time is 6-8 days.This phase temperature is gradually decreased to 40 DEG C hereinafter, right
The organic matter of remaining more difficult decomposition is further to be decomposed, material at soil color, it is loose uniformly, volume is about original 2/3, hair
The good material of ferment can be crushed directly, be packed to get organic fertilizer.
Vegetables straw of the present invention is the vegetable not using cauline leaf as edible part such as cucumber, tomato, capsicum, eggplant
Dish stalk part.
Pig manure of the present invention is after collection, by microorganism continuous high-temperature aerobic fermentation, relies primarily on during the fermentation thin
The cooperative interaction of the microorganisms such as bacterium, fungi and actinomyces makes mineralization organic matter, humification and harmless by hot fermentation
Change and become composting fertilizer, during microorganism decomposition, high temperature can kill a large amount of pathogen, while decomposed can also have
Help the removal of heavy metal, not only generating largely can be by available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound that plant utilizes, and can synthesize
New macromolecule organic-humus, as the effective active matter increase soil fertility.
In composting process, temperature, ventilation oxygen supply and moisture are the successful key factors of compost.Compost temperature is considered
It is the most simple and efficient physical index of compost stability evaluation, when it tends to environment temperature, shows that compost has been stablized, generally recognize
It at 50 DEG C or more and is maintained 5-10 days for compost temperature, can reach and meet decontamination of human excreta sanitary standard.Compost needs good
Ventilation condition will lack good ventilation condition if the ratio that pig manure accounts in compost material is excessive, oxygen concentration is too low,
It is unfavorable for aerobic microorganism growth, to cause compost to fail；If vegetables straw additive amount is excessive, compost gas permeability is caused
Increase, be unfavorable for the rising of temperature, will also result in compost failure.The optimum moisture content of composting material usually 50%-60% most
Be conducive to microorganism decomposition, when moisture is excessively high, makes to be full of water between composting material particle, to cause anaerobic state, influence
Compost speed；When moisture is too low, the vital movement of microorganism will be influenced, while compost speed can be slowed down.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1, simple and easy to do, being suitble to small farm, fermentation prepares organic fertilizer on the spot
Pig manure fermentation production organic fertilizer is not conformed to due to the problems such as equipment investment is big, complex process suitable for small farm at present
It uses；And since the water content of pig manure is high, is not easy to transport, the pig manure that small farm generates is unable to local use, to farm's week
Cause serious pollution in collarette border.
The present invention has researched and developed a kind of easy-to-use pig manure fermented manure method on the spot.This method directly use pig manure with
Vegetables straw ferments；Manual punching gravity-flow ventilation need not use blower equipment；Compost on the spot does not need fermentation vat；Method
Simply (pilot process only needs punching, turning), does not need complicated technique.Therefore operability that entirely method is simple
By force, it is easily grasped by numerous raisers, is highly suitable for promotion and application in small farm, can fermenting on the spot, it is organic to prepare
Fertilizer need not transport.
2, simple mode and raw material guarantee are fermented successfully
The present invention strictly controls the dry weight of pig manure and stalk ratio and water content in mixed material, using Manual punching nature
The mode of ventilation, and different draft types is used in the different stages, these factors can improve the success rate of compost.This
The used raw material sources of invention are rich and easy to get, need not add fermenting agent, inorganic fertilizer and other lignocellulosic materials, with
Vegetables straw shortens pig manure fermentation period as pig manure conditioner, improves the decomposed degree of product and compost production
Nutrient content in product has good social benefit, economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Organic fertilizer produced by the invention, the content of organic matter >=50%, total nutrient (nitrogen+phosphorus pentoxide+potassium oxide) contain
(to dry in terms of base) >=5.0%, moisture≤20% are measured, other indexs meet national organic fertilizer standard.The fertilizer can be with
Directly as the organic fertilizer of the common crops such as vegetables, wheat, corn plantation.
3, turn waste into wealth
A small amount of and wide variety vegetables straw that the relative small amount of pig manure that small farm is generated and smallholder generate
Production organic fertilizer is used in combination, turns waste into wealth.It solves because " vegetables straw amount is few and wide variety, is not easy to scale by smallholder
The problem of " pig manure amount is few, and inconvenience transport utilizes " of change use " and small farm, environment is not only protected, but also can continue
Organic fertilizer is provided for vegetables and crop production.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is temperature changing curve diagram in 2 composting process of embodiment 1 and embodiment.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
(1) it pre-processes：Fresh pig manure is dried 2 days, reduces its moisture to 53.01%.Using pulverizer to drying
Vegetables straw afterwards crushes, and is crushed to length and is less than 15mm, after water is uniformly sprayed onto crushing using atomized spray tool
Stalk on, after sprinkling its water content be 54.52%, it is spare.
(2) batch mixing：By treated, pig manure is mixed with vegetables straw, and it is 52.84kg to match as pig manure dry weight, vegetables straw
Dry weight is 25.92kg, and the dry weight ratio of the two is 2:1, it is 60.1% that water even regulation mixed material water content, which is then added,.
(3) temperature rise period：Mixture obtained by step (2) is transported to the place that ventilation is taken shelter from rain to be packed together, the length of heap body
Degree is 1.5 meters, width 1.2m, is highly 1.5m, carries out aerobic fermentation.Simultaneously in heap body top surface close to the position of four edges
It sets and respectively makes a hole, made a hole in centre, five holes are at intersection crosswise and get to ground, bore dia 3cm always, and protect
Natural ventilating status is held, ten two points of every morning measures heap temperature with thermometer.Fermentation time is 7 days, at this time heap temperature
54 DEG C are reached.Every turning in 3 days is primary, and mixing four times back and forth, make material mix well every time.This stage major part material all at
Group, heap body have denseer foul smell, heap surface layer to have maggot.
(4) hot stage：Heap body obtained by step (3) is continued to ferment, the first three days of beginning reduces ventilation quantity, and in heap body
Five holes are made a call at top, second 3 days it is stuffy and continue to make a call to five holes at the top of heap body, then carry out anaerobic fermentation, do not punch
Also stuffy, ten two points of every morning measures heap temperature with thermometer.Fermentation time is 14 days, and every turning in 3 days is primary, every time
Mixing twice, makes material mix well back and forth.There is white hypha to grow inside this stage heap body, surface emits hot gas, no maggot, temperature
Decomposed completion is not considered as it in apparent increase.
(5) temperature-fall period：Heap body obtained by step (4) is continued to ferment, this stage carries out gravity-flow ventilation, every morning 12
Point measures heap temperature with thermometer.Fermentation time is 6 days.This phase temperature is gradually decreased to 40 DEG C hereinafter, to more difficult point remaining
The organic matter of solution is further to be decomposed, material at soil color, it is loose uniformly, volume is about original 2/3, the material fermented
It can directly crush, pack to get organic fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
(1) it pre-processes：Fresh pig manure is dried 2 days, reduces its moisture to 65.52%.With mechanical crushing method to shining
Vegetables straw after dry is pre-processed, and the mechanical crushing method carries out powder using pulverizer to the vegetables straw after drying
Broken, the length of crushing is less than 15mm, and water is uniformly sprayed onto to the stalk after crushing using atomized spray tool, makes its water content be
54.19%, it is spare after processing
(2) batch mixing：By treated, pig manure is mixed with vegetables straw, and it is 40.32kg to match as pig manure dry weight, vegetables straw
Dry weight is 20.16kg, and the dry weight ratio of the two is 2:1, water even regulation water content is then added so that mixed material water content is
61.72%.
(3) temperature rise period：Mixture obtained by step (2) is transported to the place that ventilation is taken shelter from rain to be packed together, the length of heap body
Degree is 1.6m, width 1.1m, is highly 1.4m, carries out aerobic fermentation.It is each close to the position of four edges in heap body surface face simultaneously
It makes a hole, is made a hole in centre, bore dia 3cm, five holes are at intersection crosswise and get to ground always, and keep certainly
Right ventilation state, ten two points of every morning measure heap temperature with thermometer.Fermentation time is 5 days, and heap temperature reaches at this time
52.2 DEG C, every turning in 3 days is primary, and mixing four times back and forth, make material mix well every time.This stage major part material is all agglomerating,
Heap body has denseer foul smell, heap surface layer to have maggot.
(4) hot stage：It fermenting step (3) products therefrom heap is in heaps, the first three days of beginning reduces ventilation quantity, and
Make a call to five holes at the top of heap body, second 3 days it is stuffy and continue to make a call to five holes at the top of heap body, then carry out anaerobic fermentation,
Do not punch stuffy, ten two points of every morning measures heap temperature with thermometer yet.Fermentation time is 14 days, every turning one in 3 days
Secondary, mixing twice, makes material mix well back and forth every time.There is white hypha to grow inside this stage heap body, surface emits hot gas, nothing
Maggot, temperature are not considered as decomposed completion in apparent increase.
(5) temperature-fall period：It ferments step (4) products therefrom heap is in heaps, this stage carries out gravity-flow ventilation.When fermentation
Between be 7 days.This phase temperature is gradually decreased to 40 DEG C hereinafter, further to the organic matter of remaining more difficult decomposition decomposed, material
At soil color, it is loose uniformly, volume is about original 2/3, and the material fermented can be crushed directly, be packed to get organic
Fertilizer.
Embodiment experimental result is referring to Fig. 1 twice, and addition vegetables straw can be rapidly heated into the megathermal period, and temperature is super
Spending 50 DEG C of time is reaching 5 days or more, meets the requirement (GB7959-1987) of China's compost hygienization and compost maturity.
Wherein, embodiment 1 reached 50 DEG C in the 7th day heap temperature, and embodiment 2 just reached 50 DEG C in the 5th day heap temperature, tested twice
Duration megathermal period all reach 14 days.And the water content of experimental reactor body is respectively twice after testing after compost
17.84% and 15.31%, it is suitble to subsequent crushing, packaging working process.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method producing organic fertilizer using pig manure and vegetables straw, characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) it pre-processes：Fresh pig manure is dried to its moisture 50%-70%；With mechanical crushing method to the vegetables after drying
Stalk crushes, and is crushed to length and is less than 15mm, and water is uniformly sprayed onto on the vegetables straw after crushing, makes its water content be
50%-60%, it is spare；
(2) batch mixing：By treated, pig manure is mixed with vegetables straw, and pig manure is 1.9-2.1 with vegetables straw dry weight ratio:1, then
It is 55%-62% that water, which is added, and adjusts mixed material water content；
(3) temperature rise period：Mixture obtained by step (2) is transported to the place that ventilation is taken shelter from rain and is packed together carry out aerobic fermentation；
It is punched at the top of heap body simultaneously, and keeps natural ventilating status；When fermentation is to heap temperature >=50 DEG C, the temperature rise period terminates；
(4) hot stage：Heap body obtained by step (3) is continued to ferment, the first three days of beginning reduces ventilation quantity, and at the top of heap body
Punching, second 3 days it is stuffy and continue punched at the top of heap body, then carry out anaerobic fermentation, do not punch also stuffy；Fermentation
Time is 13-17 days；
(5) temperature-fall period：Heap body obtained by step (4) is continued to ferment, this stage carries out gravity-flow ventilation；Fermentation time is 6-8 days；
The material fermented can be crushed directly, be packaged to be organic fertilizer.
2. a kind of method producing organic fertilizer using vegetables straw and pig manure as described in claim 1, characterized in that the step
Suddenly punching is specially at the top of the heap body of (3) and (4)：Top surface respectively makes a hole close to the position of four edges, is beaten in centre
One hole, bore dia 2-5cm, five holes are at intersection crosswise and get to ground always.
3. a kind of method producing organic fertilizer using vegetables straw and pig manure as described in claim 1, characterized in that the step
Suddenly the length of the heap body of (3)-(5) is 1.2-1.6m, width 1-1.2m, is highly 1.1-1.5m.
4. a kind of method producing organic fertilizer using vegetables straw and pig manure as described in claim 1, characterized in that the hair
Ten two points of every morning measures heap temperature with thermometer during ferment.
5. a kind of method producing organic fertilizer using vegetables straw and pig manure as described in any one of claim 1-4,
It is characterized in, the step (3) and (4) every turning in 3 days are primary, and material is made to mix well.
6. a kind of method producing organic fertilizer using vegetables straw and pig manure as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the step
Suddenly the turning of (3) mixing four times back and forth every time, make material mix well.
7. a kind of method producing organic fertilizer using vegetables straw and pig manure as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the step
Suddenly mixing twice, makes material mix well back and forth every time for the turning of (4).
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111995447A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer with high effective phosphorus content |
| CN115368169A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-11-22 | 中国农业大学 | Preparation method of sheep manure organic fertilizer suitable for Qinghai-Tibet plateau areas |
| CN115583852A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2023-01-10 | 南昌环工环保科技有限公司 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer by mixing pig manure and rice straw and performing aerobic fermentation |
| CN116868849A (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-10-13 | 华中农业大学 | Rape cultivation method using straw and chicken manure compost as base fertilizer and application thereof |
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