CN104030751A - Bioorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bioorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bioorganic compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The bioorganic compound fertilizer comprises, by weight, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 20-25 parts of crop waste, 5-10 parts of a biological agent, 10-15 parts of algae fat, 10-15 parts of filter mud, 5-15 parts of a synergist, 5-10 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 5-10 parts of a potassium fertilizer and 4-10 parts of chitin. The preparation method of the bioorganic compound fertilizer includes the following steps: preparing raw material mixture powder; fermenting to prepare a bioorganic compound fertilizer; and drying, granulating, screening, and carrying out aluminum foil vacuum packaging. Agricultural wastes are fermented by the microbial agent, and the fermented wastes are mixed with nutrients required by plants, so the prepared bioorganic compound fertilizer has the advantages of increase of the fertility of soil, the promotion of planting and the growth of plants on the soil, full recycling of the agricultural waste, reduction of the agricultural pollution, and promotion of the agricultural development.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, specially refer to a kind of compoiste fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Fertilizer is the requisite production means of agroforestry, especially like this can farming soil resource-constrained and through cultivating for many years, the country of land fertility degradation in China.Long-term application chemistry fertilizer easily causes the problems such as acidification, and chemical fertilizers production, uses easy contaminate environment.Finding environmentally friendly organic fertilizer is the problem that related scientific research personnel face.Although the nutrients such as the rich Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium of the organic wastes such as the mud producing in daily productive life, feces of livestock and poultry, pomace, soy sauce residues, the dregs of a decoction, deadwood and rotten leaf, careless carbon, rice husk, amino acid, organic matter, but or because contain toxic substance, or the organic form that cannot absorb with crops such as Mierocrystalline celluloses exists, directly as fertilizer sources.So need in a hurry to solve and above-mentioned substance can be turned waste into wealth, find out a road addressing the above problem, at present through research and development, by some animal nutritions, above-mentioned waste is prepared as to biological organic complex fertilizer, biologic inorganic compound manure, biologic organic, inorganic composite fertilizer, microorganism organic composite fertilizer etc., this can address the above problem, and takes full advantage of the surplus value of waste.
Effect of bio-feritlizer (microbial fertilizer) is a kind of comprehensive action, is mainly relevant with source and the validity of nutritive element, or relevant with disease-resistant (worm) with Crop nutrition, moisture.On the whole, bio-feritlizer (microbial fertilizer) act as following some:
(1) promote soil fertility and use nitrogen-fixing microorganism fertilizer, can increase the sources of nitrogen in soil; Phosphorus decomposing, silicate-dissolving microbe fertilizer, can decompose out by the phosphorus of indissoluble in soil, potassium, changes phosphorus, potassium compound that crop can absorb into, improves the nutritional condition of crop.
(2) manufacture and assist farm crop to absorb nutrition root nodule bacterium and infect leguminous plants root, the nitrogen in fixed air.Microorganism can produce a large amount of plant growth hormoness in breeding, stimulates and regulating crop growth, makes plant strain growth stalwartness, promotes the absorption to nutritive element.
(3) strengthen plant disease-resistant and drought-resistant ability microbial fertilizer due in the breeding of crop root raised growth, suppress or reduced the breeding chance of pathogenic micro-organism; The effect of resisting pathogenic microbes, alleviates the disease of crop; Microorganism raised growth, mycelia can increase the absorption to moisture, and crop drought resistance ability is improved.
(4) reduce the usage quantity of chemical fertilizer and improve crop quality and use after microbial fertilizer for improving quality of agricultural product, as having certain effect, the accumulation that can reduce nitrate having on the content of protein, sugar, VITAMIN etc.In some cases, it is larger that the improvement of quality improves benefit than output.
At present, the method for preparing biological organic complex fertilizer is more, as follows:
(1) Chinese patent: application number is 201110115748.2, summary is: the invention discloses a kind of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof, its material composition and parts by weight: 2～5 parts of 25～30 parts of green algas, 12～17 parts of humic acid, 7～12 parts, bagasse mortar, 8～12 parts of granulated dust corks, 7～15 parts of vermiculites, 5～10 parts of filter muds, 5～10 parts of yeast organic waste water concentrated solutions, 5～8 parts of bagasse, 2～5 parts of Caulis Sacchari sinensis leafs and microbial strains liquid.Compound manure organic matter >=55 weight part, nitrogen phosphorus potassium inanimate matter total amount >=12 weight part, moisture≤25 weight part, living bacteria count >=200,000,000/gram, pH=5.0～8.5.Its preparation method: adopt microbial strains fermentation secondary, add inorganic porous thing vermiculite to mix, seasoning, obtains organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.It is organic that raw material makes full use of biodegradable industrial and agricultural production waste water, waste residue and Caulis Sacchari sinensis leaf regeneration, can improve soil ph, improves soil CEC, improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, promote plant growth, improve crop yield, there is good ecological benefits and efficiency of cycling economy.Can be used as the use of topdressing of the crop such as sugarcane, watermelon.But its shortcoming is to pass through fermenting twice, fermentation period long (7-12 days that ferments for the first time, 10-15 days for the second time ferments), occupied ground is large, and investment is large, high (the pH value of technical requirements, viable count all has requirement), scale operation is restricted.
(2) Chinese patent: application number is 201210502637.1, summary is: the manufacture method that the present invention relates to high-concentration biological compound manure, the composition of high-concentration biological composite fertilizer: (components by weight percent proportioning) urea: 20～25, monoammonium phosphate: 25～30, ammonium sulfate: 0～5, bicarbonate of ammonia: 5～7.5, potassium sulfate: 20～25, contain humic acid material: 18～20, trace element: 1～5, bacteria agent: 0.5～1.The making processes of fertilizer adopts the raw material of common inorganic composite fertilizer to do carrier, mixes with humic acids and bacteria agent, then through steam granulation, oven dry, cooling, screening, coating, packaging, detection warehousing after passing.Advantage of the present invention is: it is the multifunctional compound fertilizer that a kind of microbial bacteria mixes with composite fertilizer, and it can organically combine microbial function and conventional composite fertilizer function, thus the crumb structure of improvement soil, the utilization ratio of raising fertilizer.Production theory novelty of the present invention is that producer of composite fertilizer realizes the value-added first-selected product of product.But its shortcoming is: manufacture method is loaded down with trivial details, oven dry means require high, require the outside shake hammer of dram not stop to beat dram with the rotation of dram, just can avoid an endoparticle to adhere to granulating rate and decline, and consume energy high, and cost is high, inconvenient penetration and promotion.
(3) Chinese patent: application number is 201310071974.4, it discloses a kind of ecological compoiste fertilizer and preparation method thereof, formed by ammonium humate 85-93%, xylose powder 5-10%, double superhosphate 2-5%, described ammonium humate is made up of the raw material of lower weight percent: brown coal powder 50-70% and urea 5-10%, bicarbonate of ammonia 10-20%, clear water 5-20%, well-mixed mixture.This ecology compoiste fertilizer can improve the viability of soil physico-chemical property and ecological vegetation crop, and preparation method is simple, is convenient to penetration and promotion, and production cost is low, good in economic efficiency.But its shortcoming is: in preparation method complex steps, preparation cycle is long, is not suitable for a large amount of production and promotes.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of biological compound organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof.The present invention utilizes bacteria agent to ferment to agricultural wastes, the nutritive substance required with plant mixes afterwards, preparing a kind ofly can have increase to the fertility of soil, promote the growth of the plant on plantation and this soil, and fully recycle agricultural wastes of energy, reduce agricultural pollution, promoted agricultural development.Reduce the usage quantity of toxic substance, improved fruit quality and security.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of biological organic complex fertilizer, according to ratio of weight and number, comprise following component: humic acid 10-15 part, agricultural waste material 20-25 part, bacteria agent 5-10 part, the fertile 10-15 part of algae, filter mud 10-15 part, synergistic agent 5-15 part, nitrogenous fertilizer 5-10 part, phosphate fertilizer 5-10 part, potash fertilizer 5-10 part and chitin 4-10 part.
As further illustrating, the above agricultural waste material is straw, fallen leaves and residual flower; Described straw is the one or more combination thing in cotton stalk, Wheat Straw, rice straw, beans stalk, maize straw, cassava stalk, broomcorn straw.
As further illustrating, the above bacteria agent is Bacillus licheniformis, subtilis, bacillus brevis, bacillus megaterium, eat the composite fungus agent of sheath genus bacillus, gel-shaped bacillus, photosynthetic bacterium, yeast, actinomycetes, acetic bacteria and one or more mixing of Trichoderma more.
As further illustrating, the above synergistic agent is multiple SODIUMNITRATE and TMP.
As further illustrating, total content >=45% of nitrogen in the above biological organic complex fertilizer in nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium.
A making method for biological organic complex fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw materials mixture powder: humic acid, agricultural waste material, algae fertilizer and chitin are dropped into reactor according to ratio of weight and number, successively, after mixing, pulverize, stirring, prepare raw mixture powder;
(2) according to ratio of weight and number, bacteria agent, filter mud and the above-mentioned raw mixture powder preparing are added to reaction tank, after stirring, with plastics film, reaction tank top is covered, normal pressure bottom fermentation after 3-5 days temperature rise to 45-55 DEG C, then open plastics film, stirring is cooled to 30-40 DEG C, then adds synergistic agent, continues to stir until normal temperature, finally according to proportioning, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are added, after stirring, can prepare biological organic complex fertilizer;
(3) biological organic complex fertilizer step (2) being prepared is dried, granulation, screening and aluminium foil bag vacuumize packaging, can complete the making of biological organic complex fertilizer.
Raw material is mixed into powder by step in the present invention (1), can allow the mixing Chengdu of mixture increase, and the composition that the composite fertilizer of granulation is contained is more even.Step (2) is just carried out one time fermentation, has reduced the time of fermentation, has improved the cycle of granulation, has further reduced cost.The composite fertilizer of step (3) after screening, by the magnitude classification of granularity, can sell for different prices, improves it and is worth, and vacuumizes and packs with aluminium foil bag, can allow not moisture-sensitive of composite fertilizer, ensures the loss that composite fertilizer made moist in the preservation stage.
As further illustrating, the granularity of the above pulverizing is 100-200 order.
As further illustrating, biological organic complex fertilizer water ratio≤5% that the above is dry.
In the present invention, bacteria agent is conventional microbial inoculum, and humic acid, algae fertilizer, synergistic agent, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and chitin all can buy on the market, and filter mud is bought and obtained from sugar refinery.
The effect of humic acid: can play the effect of tensio-active agent, the surface tension of its metal-salt, lower than the surface tension of water, can produce obvious dispersion and emulsifying effectiveness to agricultural chemicals, can improve the dissolving power of the agricultural chemicals of can financing; Humic acid also has synergism, and it can strengthen the absorption of plant to agricultural chemicals, can improve the biological activity of agricultural chemicals and plant-growth regulator, can obviously improve the effect of agricultural chemicals; Humic acid has obvious restraining effect to the rate of decomposition of agricultural chemicals, and larger its speed of the consumption of humic acid is slower; Humic acid can passivation biology in those activity to the responsive enzyme of toxicity of pesticide, excite the activity that agricultural chemicals is had to antagonistic action enzyme, link and reduce the toxicity in agricultural chemicals, humic acid also has improvement soil, stimulates plant growth, improves the functions such as agricultural product quality.
The effect of synergistic agent: can promote beneficial microorganism breeding, produce and enrich meta-bolites isoreactivity material, powerful growth-promoting root; Form protective membrane, preserve moisture and fertility, strengthens root system of plant receptivity, and stem is thick, Miao Zhuan, fundamentally improves output.Microorganism organic fertilizer synergistic agent passes through trace element, urease inhibitor, and the synergy of bacteria agent etc. can improve nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium utilization rate 20% left and right comprehensively, extends fertilizer effectiveness at 90-120 days.
The effect of bacteria agent: (1) pre-disease prevention: improve soil microorganisms flora, suppress the breeding of pathogenic soil bacterium, can effectively prevent the root-rot of crop, the disease such as vertical withered; (2) increase fertility of land: the organic and inorganic nutrient of activating soil, improve fertilizer efficiency rate, promote crop circulation, long-acting absorbing, extraneous root completely filled fruit in strong sprout; (3) improvement soil: improve soil aggregate, elimination is hardened, and improves preserve moisture and fertility ability, drought resisting, degeneration-resistant, cold-resistant, resistant to lodging; Uninterrupted use, can improve soil microenvironment.Eliminate soil compaction, neutralizing acid basicity, reduce heavy metal-polluted soil and saline and alkaline murder by poisoning; (4) extraneous root, a seedling, strong seedling: beneficial microorganism is in breeding metabolic process, can secretory cell mitogen, Yin stamps plant hormone and the amino acid isoreactivity materials such as acetic acid, VITAMIN, this acetic acid, Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins, brute force promotes extraneous root, takes root, and strong root, capillary radical amount double above; The features such as water suction, fertilizer sucting ability are strengthened, and stem is thick, Miao Zhuan, the slow seedling of transplanting are fast.
Filter mud: contain the multiple elements such as rich in protein and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and a large amount of organic substance.
Exclusive nutrition and effect in seaweed fertilizer: (1) contains Sargassum polysaccharides and oligose Sargassum polysaccharides and oligose can strengthen product, stability and lyotropy, the emulsifying effect of enhanced system, water-absorbent and the sequestering action to mineral ion and heavy metal, strengthen photosynthesis of plant and osmosis.After being manured into soil, can improve Soil structure, strengthen soil and breathe freely and agglutinating power.Plant can strengthen plant body physique after absorbing, improves the product quality of crop.(2) contain poly-compounds, have the resistance that can increase crop, raising crop is resisted the ability of cold drought resisting.(3) contain trimethyl-glycine and can strengthen the osmosis of cell; increase the osmotic pressure of cell; to be that crop has cold-resistant, drought resisting and salinity and alkalinity resistance; intracellular a series of enzymes are had to provide protection; there is certain anthelmintic action and antifungic action, the growth of plant is had and regulated and promoter action.(4) contain N.F,USP MANNITOL, participate in body nutrient permeation balance.(5) contain fucoidin: can play immunoregulation effect, heavy metal and other toxin are had to resistance suction effect, there is moisture-keeping function.(6) contain cytokinin: as plant internal hormone, the secretion of cytokinin energy crop cell crop endogenous hormones, stimulates its growth.
Chitin is that natural plant nutrition is urged long agent by the composite fertilizer forming of chitin, can give plant insecticide, disease-resistant, can decompose again plant and animal residues and micro-metals in soil, thereby be converted into the nutrient substance of plant, strengthen via plant immunity, promote the health of plant.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, in the present invention taking agricultural waste material as raw material, belong to the comprehensive cyclic utilization of agricultural wastes, for the processing of a large amount of agricultural wastes provides a new approach, low production cost, environmental protection.
2, adopt biological process of the present invention to carry out harmless treatment to agricultural waste material, not only can effectively prevent waste the growing in a large number of pathogenic microorganism of naturally rotting in field to cause, contaminate environment, and can be by fermentation technique processing, agricultural waste material is combined with bacteria agent, can improves the ability of the disease and insect resistance of the composite fertilizer that the present invention is prepared into.
3, Raw of the present invention is mixed into powder, can allow the degree of mixing of mixture increase, and the composition that every particle of composite fertilizer of granulation is contained is more even; Just carry out one time fermentation, reduced the cycle of fermentation, improved the cycle of granulation, further reduced cost; Composite fertilizer after screening, by the magnitude classification of granularity, can sell for different prices, improves it and is worth, and vacuumizes and packs with aluminium foil bag, can allow not moisture-sensitive of composite fertilizer, reduces the loss that composite fertilizer made moist in the preservation stage.
4. occupied ground of the present invention is little, invests littlely, and technical requirements is low, can produce on a large scale, has promotional value.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the scope that embodiment represents.
Embodiment 1:
Embodiment 2:
Embodiment 3:
Embodiment 4:
The making method that the biological organic complex fertilizer that is raw material by embodiment 1 forms, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw materials mixture powder: humic acid, fallen leaves, residual flower, cotton stalk, broomcorn straw, algae fertilizer and chitin are dropped into reactor according to ratio of weight and number, be successively 100 orders through mixing, being crushed to granularity, stir after, prepare raw mixture powder;
(2) according to ratio of weight and number, Bacillus licheniformis, subtilis, bacillus brevis, bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma, filter mud and the above-mentioned raw mixture powder preparing are added to reaction tank, after stirring, with plastics film, reaction tank top is covered, normal pressure bottom fermentation after 3 days temperature rise to 45 DEG C, then open plastics film, stirring is cooled to 30 DEG C, add again multiple SODIUMNITRATE and TMP, continue to stir until normal temperature, finally according to proportioning, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are added, after stirring, can prepare biological organic complex fertilizer;
(3) biological organic complex fertilizer step (2) being prepared is dried to that water ratio is 5%, granulation, screening and aluminium foil vacuumize packaging, can complete the making of biological organic complex fertilizer.
Embodiment 5:
The making method that the biological organic complex fertilizer that is raw material by embodiment 2 forms, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw materials mixture powder: humic acid, fallen leaves, residual flower, beans stalk, maize straw, cassava stalk and algae fertilizer and chitin are dropped into reactor according to ratio of weight and number, be successively 200 orders through mixing, being crushed to granularity, stir after, prepare raw mixture powder;
(2) add reaction tank according to ratio of weight and number by eating sheath genus bacillus, gel-shaped bacillus, photosynthetic bacterium, filter mud and the above-mentioned raw mixture powder preparing more, after stirring, with plastics film, reaction tank top is covered, normal pressure bottom fermentation after 5 days temperature rise to 55 DEG C, then open plastics film, stirring is cooled to 40 DEG C, add again multiple SODIUMNITRATE and TMP, continue to stir until normal temperature, finally according to proportioning, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are added, after stirring, can prepare biological organic complex fertilizer;
(3) water ratio that biological organic complex fertilizer step (2) being prepared is dried is 3%, granulation, screening and aluminium foil vacuumize packaging, can complete the making of biological organic complex fertilizer.
Embodiment 6:
The making method that the biological organic complex fertilizer that is raw material by embodiment 3 forms, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw materials mixture powder: humic acid, fallen leaves, residual flower, beans stalk, maize straw, cassava stalk and algae fertilizer and chitin are dropped into reactor according to ratio of weight and number, be successively 150 orders through mixing, being crushed to granularity, stir after, prepare raw mixture powder;
(2) according to ratio of weight and number, yeast, actinomycetes, acetic bacteria, filter mud and the above-mentioned raw mixture powder preparing are added to reaction tank, after stirring, with plastics film, reaction tank top is covered, normal pressure bottom fermentation after 4 days temperature rise to 50 DEG C, then open plastics film, stirring is cooled to 35 DEG C, add again multiple SODIUMNITRATE and TMP, continue to stir until normal temperature, finally according to proportioning, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are added, after stirring, can prepare biological organic complex fertilizer;
(3) biological organic complex fertilizer step (2) being prepared is dried to that water ratio is 3%, granulation, screening and aluminium foil vacuumize packaging, can complete the making of biological organic complex fertilizer.
Claims (8)
1. a biological organic complex fertilizer, it is characterized in that, according to ratio of weight and number, comprise following component: humic acid 10-15 part, agricultural waste material 20-25 part, bacteria agent 5-10 part, the fertile 10-15 part of algae, filter mud 10-15 part, synergistic agent 5-15 part, nitrogenous fertilizer 5-10 part, phosphate fertilizer 5-10 part, potash fertilizer 5-10 part and chitin 4-10 part.
2. a kind of biological organic complex fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described agricultural waste material is straw, fallen leaves and residual flower; Described straw is the one or more combination thing in cotton stalk, Wheat Straw, rice straw, beans stalk, maize straw, cassava stalk, broomcorn straw.
3. a kind of biological organic complex fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described bacteria agent is Bacillus licheniformis, subtilis, bacillus brevis, bacillus megaterium, eat the composite fungus agent of sheath genus bacillus, gel-shaped bacillus, photosynthetic bacterium, yeast, actinomycetes, acetic bacteria and one or more mixing of Trichoderma more.
4. a kind of biological organic complex fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described synergistic agent is multiple SODIUMNITRATE and TMP.
5. a kind of biological organic complex fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, total content >=45% of nitrogen in described biological organic complex fertilizer in nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium.
6. the making method of a kind of biological organic complex fertilizer as described in any one in claim 1-5, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw materials mixture powder: humic acid, agricultural waste material, algae fertilizer and chitin are dropped into reactor according to ratio of weight and number, successively, after mixing, pulverize, stirring, prepare raw mixture powder;
(2) according to ratio of weight and number, bacteria agent, filter mud and the above-mentioned raw mixture powder preparing are added to reaction tank, after stirring, with plastics film, reaction tank top is covered, normal pressure bottom fermentation after 3-5 days temperature rise to 45-55 DEG C, then open plastics film, stirring is cooled to 30-40 DEG C, then adds synergistic agent, continues to stir until normal temperature, finally according to proportioning, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are added, after stirring, can prepare biological organic complex fertilizer;
(3) biological organic complex fertilizer step (2) being prepared is dried, granulation and screening aluminium foil vacuumize packaging, can complete the making of biological organic complex fertilizer.
7. the making method of a kind of biological organic complex fertilizer according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the granularity of described pulverizing is 100-200 order.
8. the making method of a kind of biological organic complex fertilizer according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described dry biological organic complex fertilizer water ratio≤5%.
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| CN104876761A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-09-02 | 黄春蓉 | Organic biological fertilizer special for codonopsis pilosula |
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Application publication date: 20140910 |