CN104041254A - Combination technology for transforming mellow soil cultured ginseng - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a combination technology for transforming mellow soil cultured ginseng. A green disinfectant, namely chlorine dioxide is used for thoroughly killing virus, bacteria and fungi in mellow soil; by implementing green leisure, green-manure plants are smashed and compressed to return to field and organic fertilizers are additionally applied to increase organic materials for the mellow soil; by adding cinder, granular structures of the mellow soil are increased, the breathability and water-retaining property of the soil are higher, and the physical characteristics of the mellow soil are changed essentially; the mellow soil is subjected to bioengineering reformation by a complex enzyme biocatalysis technology, the enzymatic activity of the soil and the decomposition and digestion of the soil are improved, and the formation of the soil and the generation of a soil structure are promoted. By implementing the combination technology, the ecological system structure of the mellow soil can be more reasonable, the ecological system function of the mellow soil is greatly improved, and the ecological environment of the mellow soil is superior to that of natural forest soil. The combination technology overcomes the successive cropping obstacle of ginseng, land after plantation can be repeatedly used, and high-yield and high-quality ginseng can be produced.

Description

A kind of combination technique of transforming mellow soil cultivated ginseng

One, technical field

This invention belongs to agriculture ginseng planting's technical field

Two, background technology

In long-term agricultural production practice, it has been recognized that the plantation continuously on same soil of same crop, will occur that Crop development is bad, damage by disease and insect is serious, to such an extent as to Severe Reduction or total crop failure, i.e. continuous cropping obstacles.

Ginseng is avoided continuous cropping, if ginseng continuous cropping needs more than 30 years, so current ginseng planting is mainly the natural fertility soil with new harvest of forest trees.Due to the ginseng fertility 3-5 that need to grow continuously in natural soils, in growth fertility in these several years, soil with organic matter is reduced, soil refinement is hardened, porosity reduces the not enough microflora variation of Chishui fertilizer conservation venting capability, trace element wanes; Ginseng leaves a large amount of secretion and stubble in growth growing process, and the decomposition of stubble and root exudates have produced from poisonous substance matter, have produced allelopathy from the growth of poisonous substance confrontation ginseng; The organic acid that ginseng produces in growing process in growth decompose not in time and the generation that produces enrichment and phenolic acid organic micromolecule compound declines the pH value of soil and forms acidifying; Thereby make the physicochemical character variation of soil, these are all the continuous cropping obstacles that has a strong impact on and endanger Ginseng Growth.In like manner, farmland ground is also due to Planting Crops for many years, and the use of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals has also caused very large injury to soil, and the indices of its soil differs greatly from the requirement of plantation ginseng.Country implements wildwood protected project now, deforestation is planted to ginseng and taked strict control, and having caused in various degree can be fewer and feweri for the natural forest soil of cultivated ginseng; Mutually anti-state ginseng is listed in to new resource food, expanded the market demand.Now China's population progressively enters aging society, and people's living standard is improving constantly, and the standard of quality of life is also improving, so the market of health products constantly expands, ginseng is the king of hundred grass, be health products raw material first.In future, ginseng demand can produce ever-increasing situation naturally, and this has just produced the contradiction that woods ginseng is striven ground.So how can continuous cropping ginseng planting farmland that the soil of ginseng and condition are good and being transformed into, be the only way of ginseng industry sustainable development.

Three, summary of the invention

The present invention is exactly the mellow soil improvement project that adopts the combination techniques such as sterilization, physics transformation, chemical improvement, enzyme engineering to form, thereby makes improved soil have better physicochemical character and ecologic structure.

The disinfectant that mellow soil sterilization is used is chlorine dioxide.Disinfection agent of chlorine dioxide does not produce toxic effect to animals and plants, and noresidue in soil is pollution-free to air, is the green disinfection sanitizer of universally acknowledged nontoxic, noresidue,, wide spectrum efficient without a new generation of disabling, safety.Chlorine dioxide has unique strong oxidizing property, and he is enzyme and the amino acid of synthetic protein in destroy microorganisms cell rapidly, can eliminate efficiently protozoa, spore mould, phage, bacterial spore, fungi; Can suppress viral specificity and to the infecting of host cell, thereby reach the object to soil sterilization sterilization.

What physics transformation was used is the pyroclastic tephra-scoria of Changbai Mountain volcano eruption.Changbaishan area belongs to clayed soil, cultivating for many years makes soil refinement, soil refinement causes that the bulk density of soil increases, hardens, water conservation, fertilizer-preserving ability decline, and this is also the factor of an important physics aspect, is a method of effecting a permanent cure so transform mellow soil by the method for physics.What mellow soil physics was transformed use is scoria, scoria light weight, and stability is strong, and not easy-weathering, containing noxious material.In soil, add scoria transformation, can increase the formation of soil aggregate, make soil loosening be difficult for hardening; Scoria contains certain inorganic macroelement and various trace elements, adds scoria and is conducive to soil nutrient balance; Scoria particle has certain activity, can promote the activity of soil enzyme; Scoria hydrophily is conducive to by force water conservation, fertilizer conservation, ventilative; The micropore on scoria surface and cellularly can adsorb harmful substance in soil, is conducive to adhering to and growing of microorganism.

The transformation of chemical property is to adopt green manuring plant carry out green leisure and enrich biological organic fertilizer.Green manure is a kind of nutrient biological source of manure completely, after being manured into soil, under the effect of microorganism, constantly decompose, discharge mass efficient nutrient and also form humus outward, can increase the soil organic matter, improve soil physical property, improve the ability of soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation and fertilizer; Can make infusibility Nutrient Transformation in soil, be beneficial to absorbing of crop; Can make microorganism breed rapidly, movable enhancing, promotes the validation of nutrient.Mellow soil enriches biological organic fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer nutritive element is complete, can effectively promote soil with organic matter and nutrient, can improve crop yield and improve product quality, be conducive to the formation of the beneficial microbe fauna that root system of plant is new, improve the ability of disease and insect resistance of plant, profitable strain can decompose phenolic acid alleviate ginseng from toxic action.

Soil enzyme is that the biocatalyst soil enzyme that produces single-minded biochemical reaction in soil participates in Biochemical processes in soil, participate in the decomposition of soil humus with synthetic, participate in the decomposition of plant residue and the residual body of microorganism in soil, the hydrolysis of anthropogenics and conversion; Impel oxidation, the reduction reaction of some inorganic compound.Through sterilization, the enzymic activity in soil is reduced, it is one of ginseng continuous cropping obstacle factor that soil enzyme activities reduces.Enzyme be a kind of formed by amino acid there is special bioactive material, it is present in the animal and plant body of all work and in soil, is to maintain body normal function, embodies soil fertility, digest food, the essential material of one of the vital movements such as repair tissue; Be a kind of biocatalyst being produced by living cells in organism, can accelerate the speed of biochemical reaction, but can not change direction and the product of reaction.Digestion, absorption, breathing, motion and reproduction in vital movement is all enzymatic reaction process; So soil chemistry reaction is nearly all to carry out under the catalysis of enzyme.One of feature of enzyme is selectivity, can only catalysis a kind of substrate of a kind of enzyme, and in soil, material is varied, and the formation mechanism of continuous cropping obstacle is relevant with azymia or dyssynthesis.Therefore select some to decompose digestion and synthetic enzyme to the organic macromolecules such as organic matter, organic acid, phenolic acid, terpenoid, organic phosphor, organochlorine and micromolecular compound and carry out compositely, form compound exogenous enzymes and add in soil.Complex enzyme is the important means that improves soil enzyme activities, is to supplement the enzymoprivic effective measures of soil.Complex enzyme can supplement the endogenous enzymes deficiency of plant own, can increase the chlorophyll content of ginseng functional leaf, and then promotes the photosynthesis of ginseng, thereby raising crop absorbs the ability of nutritive element from soil.Meanwhile, complex enzyme formulation can effectively suppress copying of germ DAN and reduces plant incidence probability.Complex enzyme is the continuation to soil disinfection sterilizing, is the necessary means that brings up healthy soil.Complex enzyme is by oxidoreductase, protease, cellulase, invertase, phosphatase, laccase, urease inhibitors, phenol oxidase, than biology enzyme reasonable constituents such as sub-enzymes.The organic matter that complex enzyme can directly act on soil decomposes and digests.Complex enzyme can just can be brought into play the effect of the effect of decomposition, digestion of organic matter and even decomposition, catalysis inorganic compound at short notice.Complex enzyme can effectively suppress generation and the procreation of harmful fungoid, can effectively decompose the macromolecular organic compounds such as organic acid that ginseng produces in process of growth, phenolic acid, terpenoid, it is become and be conducive to the nutriment that plant and microorganism absorb.Complex enzyme can also effectively degrade weed killer herbicide, residue of pesticide in soil, recover contaminated soil.Make the healthy and strong growth of ginseng, soil just must carry out the ceaselessly nutrient of digest and decompose soil, and its nutrient again can be by the accessible absorption of ginseng root.Complex enzyme can make ginseng in the process of growth, produce the allelopathy of opposing self, makes the microflora of plant root be in all the time healthy state, makes permeability, moisture capacity, the nutrient preserving capability of soil in successive years, makes the alive of soil.Make soil, cultivate root and be only the basic road of production Green Ginseng, organic ginseng.So complex enzyme biotechnology is an innovative technology that solves crops continuous cropping obstacle, be to promote the development of ginseng planting's industry and eucyclic core technology.

Four, implementation method

1. sterilization technology

After gathering in the crops ginseng or crops autumn, soil is carried out to rotary tillage, after rotary tillage, carry out sterilization; It is millesimal liquid that chlorine dioxide is mixed with to concentration, in the soil by the sprinkling irrigation of this uniform liquid after rotary tillage, and 15 centimetres of depth of wetted soil; Rotary tillage again immediately, the disinfection agent of chlorine dioxide of again spraying, 15 centimetres of depth of wetted soil; Carrying out rotary tillage for the third time mixes again.Be referred to as three and revolve two sprinkling irrigation sterilization technology

2. physicochemical character and complex enzyme renovation technique

Next year, the soil after sterilization was planted green manure crop clover, and late August is used field-returning machine tool chopping and returning, improves the content of organic matter of mellow soil, recovered to create favorable conditions for increasing enzymic activity and microorganism.Scoria is ground into the particle that diameter is less than 2mm.With feces of livestock and poultry, sawdust, the reasonable C/N ratio of composition, Ensure Liquid material wheat bran, microbe leaven etc., control through strict fermentation, make biological organic fertilizer.Complex enzyme is by protease 10%, lipase 10%, cellulase 10%, catalase 15%, invertase 10%, the percentage by weight that is composition than sub-enzyme 10%, laccase 15%, urease inhibitors 10%, phenol oxidase 10%(content) form.The liquid complex enzyme that water furnishing concentration is 1%.

3. using method

The mass ratio of scoria, biological organic fertilizer, liquid complex enzyme being pressed to 30:5:1 mixes, and by the material uniform fold mixing, in ginseng bed, 35 kilograms of every square metre of consumptions, finally mix material and bed soil with rotovator.

Claims (4)

1. with disinfection agent of chlorine dioxide, mellow soil is carried out to the technology of the cultivated ginseng of sterilization.

2. with scoria, mellow soil is carried out the technology of physical behavior transformation cultivated ginseng.

3. with also field and enrich biological organic fertilizer and improve mellow soil organic matter and carry out the technology of chemical property transformation cultivated ginseng of green manure plant.

4. with enzyme, mellow soil is carried out the technology of living things catalysis transformation mellow soil cultivated ginseng.