CN107148852A - Potato ecology makes hot high-yield early-maturing cultural method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a potato ecological heat brewing high-yield and early-maturing cultivation method, which comprises the following specific steps: plowing, sun-drying and freezing the fields for potato planting in a greenhouse in advance; planting according to the planned ridge width and ridge width Ditching machine is used for ditching at intervals; after ditching, harmless and decomposed farmyard manure, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and a large amount of element fertilizer are evenly spread in the ditch, and then the seed potatoes that have been cut into pieces and sterilized are placed in the ditch. Place seeds in the ditch; use crushed crop straw to cover the potato cultivation ridge twice; break the membrane in time after potato emergence, and seal the membrane mouth tightly with soil; use drip irrigation to control the water content of straw in the membrane; after potato emergence, control the shed Internal temperature; After the potatoes are formed, the plastic film is removed from both sides of the cultivation ridge, and the straw mulch is removed to harvest potato tubers that meet the size of the commodity.

Description

High-yield and early-maturity cultivation method of ecological brewing heat for potatoes

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and relates to a potato cultivation method, in particular to a potato ecological heat brewing high-yield and early-maturing cultivation method.

Background technique

The nutritional value of potato protein is very high, and its quality is equivalent to that of eggs. It is easy to digest and absorb, and it is better than the protein of other crops. Potato has short growth cycle, strong adaptability, high yield per unit area, rich tuber nutrition and wide application. It is the fourth largest food crop in the world after rice, wheat and corn.

The traditional cultivation method of potatoes is to plow the land deeply before sowing, level it again, and apply base fertilizer at the same time; It is necessary to carry out 2 to 3 times of cultivating and cultivating the soil; when harvesting, the soil must be turned over and the potatoes shall be dug out one by one. The disadvantage of this cultivation method is that the potatoes form tubers in the soil, and when the tubers expand, they are squeezed by the soil, which is not conducive to the expansion of the tubers. In the case of non-sandy loam, the resistance they receive is greater. Generally, the tubers are relatively small, large and medium-sized. Potato rate is low, and this planting method is complicated to operate, and labor intensity is big, takes a lot of work and effort.

There are following deficiencies in the current conventional planting method of potatoes: the conventional planting method has stricter requirements on the soil, and sandy soil or loam is generally suitable, and potato plantation cannot be carried out if the soil is relatively sticky. With the conventional planting method, the potato growth period is short, and the potato is harvested at one time, which often has the problem of low yield. As an important process of planting potatoes, the planting technology directly affects the emergence rate, health and harvest of potatoes during the seedling period. Therefore, as a potato planting technology grown in a greenhouse, it is particularly important to ensure that the potato seedlings have a high emergence rate, a neat emergence, and a darker, healthier plant leaf color, and a neat high-yield potato potato technology in a greenhouse.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a high-yield and early-maturing cultivation method for ecologically brewed potatoes.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

The high-yield and early-maturity cultivation method of potato ecological brewing heat, the cultivation method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) In the greenhouse, plow, sun-dry, and freeze-dry the fields ready to plant potatoes in advance; and select virus-free potato seeds;

(2) In the suitable season for planting potatoes in the greenhouse, firstly, the field soil in the shed is rotated and leveled, and then the ditching machine is used to ditch according to the planned planting ridge width and ridge spacing; after ditching, evenly spread in the ditch Harmless treatment of decomposed farmyard manure, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and a large number of elemental fertilizers, and then placing the cut and sterilized potato pieces in the ditch for planting;

(3) After the potato buds are planted downwards, apply crushed straw in the sowing and fertilizing ditch, and apply a certain amount of rot agent and urea, then seal and cover the sowing furrow with plastic film, and seal the greenhouse at the same time;

(4) When the potatoes are about to emerge, remove the covered plastic film, cover the ridge surface with crushed straw a second time, apply a certain amount of rotting agent and urea, and lay a drip irrigation belt, and then use the plastic film to re-seal the sowing ridge Cover and seal the greenhouse at the same time;

(5) After the potato emerges, the membrane is broken in time to release the seedlings, and the membrane mouth is tightly sealed with soil; the water content of the straw in the membrane is controlled by a dropper; after the potato emerges, the temperature in the shed is controlled;

(6) After the potato enters the tuber stage, remove the plastic film from both sides of the cultivation ridge, remove the straw mulch, and harvest potato tubers that meet the size of the commodity.

In step (1), the seed potato is selected from an early-maturing variety with a post-emergence growth period of 65d-70d.

In step (2), after the ditching machine ditches, the sowing ditch is 25-30 cm wide and 10 cm deep, and the distance between the two sowing and fertilizing ditch is 110 cm.

In step ( ² ), 1000kg/667m2 of harmless treatment and decomposed farmyard manure, 60kg/667m2 of potassium ^sulfate compound fertilizer and 2.5kg/667m2 of medium and trace element fertilizers are evenly spread in the ditch ^; The plant spacing is 25cm, the row spacing is 20cm, and the seeds are placed in the ditch in a triangular arrangement.

In step (3), 8 cm thick pulverized straw is applied in the sowing and fertilizing ditch, and the straw is wheat straw, corn straw, soybean straw or rice straw ^; The amount of urea applied was 10kg/667m ² ; the water content of the straw was controlled at 60%.

In step (4), the pulverized straw with a thickness of 10 cm is covered on the ridge surface, and the straw is wheat straw, corn straw, soybean straw or rice straw ^; The amount of application is 15kg/667m ² ; the water content of the straw is controlled at 70%.

In step (5), use a dropper to control the water content of the stalks in the film to 70%; after the potatoes emerge, the temperature in the shed is controlled at about 25°C during the day and about 15°C at night. Ventilate; Potatoes use chlormequat to control leggy growth after they appear leggy.

In step (6), 60 days after the emergence of the potatoes, the mulch film is uncovered from both sides of the cultivation ridge; after the potato tubers are harvested, the straw mulch is arranged, and after watering, the mulch film is re-covered, and after the potatoes continue to grow for 10 days Carry out a second potato harvest.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention expands the range of suitable soil for potato planting, eliminates the need for potato germination, purifies the growth environment of potatoes, reduces the use of chemical pesticides, promotes the return of plant straw to the field, and protects the ecological environment. Moreover, the yield and commerciality of potatoes are improved, the cultivation method of the present invention is simple, has the advantages of low cost, high income, convenient management, etc., and is suitable for large-scale cultivation;

The potato planting method proposed by the present invention releases heat during the biodecomposition process of straw by covering straw and adding rotting agent, which is conducive to promoting potato germination and early seedling emergence, eliminating the need for artificial germination of potato seed potatoes. , increase the number of layers of potato tubers, and increase the total number of potatoes; through multiple harvests, it is conducive to the early market of potato tubers that are formed first, and is conducive to the rapid expansion of potatoes that are formed later, which greatly improves the total potato output and increases Economic benefits for growers; through the use of substrate probiotics, there are almost no diseases during the growth period.

detailed description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The high-yield and early-maturity cultivation method of potato ecological brewing heat, the cultivation method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) plowing, sunning, and freezing the fields for potato planting in the greenhouse in advance; potato seed potatoes are selected from early-maturing varieties with a growth period of 65-70 days after emergence;

(2) In the suitable season for planting potatoes in the greenhouse, firstly, the field soil in the shed is rotated and leveled, and then the ditching machine is used to ditch according to the planned planting ridge width and ridge spacing; wherein, the sowing ditch is 25-30cm wide and deep. 10cm, the distance between two sowing and fertilizing ditch is 110cm;

After ditching, 1000kg/667m ² of harmless treated decomposed farmyard manure, 60kg/667m ² and 2.5kg/667m ² of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:12:18) were evenly spread in the ditch , trace element fertilizer (including boron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, etc.), and then the potato pieces after cutting, sterilization and disinfection are placed in the ditch in a triangular arrangement with a plant spacing of 25cm and a row spacing of 20cm;

(3) After the potato buds are planted downward, cover the sowing and fertilizing ditch with 8cm thick crushed wheat straw, corn stalk, bean straw or straw with a length of 3cm ^- 5cm, and apply 3kg/667m2 of rot agent and 10kg/667m2 ² Urea, and then cover the sowing furrows with plastic film, and seal the greenhouse at the same time; if the plant stalks are relatively dry, spray a certain amount of water to control the water content of the stalks at 60%;

(4) When the potatoes are about to emerge after 15 days, remove the covering plastic film, cover the ridge surface with crushed (same as above) wheat straw, corn straw, bean straw or rice straw with a thickness of 10cm, and apply 3kg/ ^667m Rod agent and 15kg/667m ² urea, and lay drip irrigation belt, and then re-seal the sowing ridge with plastic film, and seal the greenhouse at the same time to keep the moisture content of the straw at 60%;

(5) After the potato emerges, the membrane is broken in time to release the seedlings, and the membrane mouth is tightly sealed with soil; the water content of the straw in the membrane is controlled at about 70% with a dropper; after the potato emerges, the temperature in the shed is controlled at about 25°C during the day and 15°C at night Left and right, the shed is ventilated all day after the temperature is higher than this temperature; after the potatoes appear leggy, use chlormequat to control the leggy growth;

(6) 60 days after the emergence of potatoes, the mulch can be removed from both sides of the cultivation ridge, and the straw mulch should be carefully removed to harvest potato tubers that meet the size of the commodity. , after the potatoes continued to grow for 10 days, the potatoes were harvested for the second time.

The present invention adopts the steps of opening a cultivation ditch, putting into the cultivation ditch exothermic brewing material composed of crushed straw, detoxified potato pieces, biological bacteria agent, secondary covering of straw for multi-layer potato formation and plastic film covering;

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are only to help illustrate the invention. The preferred embodiments are not exhaustive in all detail, nor are the inventions limited to specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made based on the contents of this specification. This description selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principle and practical application of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the present invention. The invention is to be limited only by the claims, along with their full scope and equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. potato ecology makes hot high-yield early-maturing cultural method, it is characterised in that the cultural method includes following specific steps：

(1) in greenhouse to preparation plant potato field turned in advance, sun the earth which has been ploughed up, freezes turn up soil it is standby；And select potato Virus-free seed potato；

(2) in greenhouse potato suitable sowing season, field soil in canopy is subjected to rotary tillage, leveling first, then according to the kind of planning Plant row spacing and ridge spacing is ditched using ditching machine；After trench digging, uniformly harmless treatment well-rotted farmyard manure, sulphur are spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch Sour K composite fertilizer and middle and trace element fertilizer, then the potato seed after stripping and slicing, sterilizing processing is subjected to pendulum kind in ditch；

(3) after potato bud terminates to bottom kind, the stalk of crushing is applied in seeding and fertilizing ditch, and applies a certain amount of rotten bar Agent and urea, then furrow is sealed and covered, with mulch film while greenhouse is sealed；

(4) potato is that when will emerge, institute's covering with plastic film is removed, in ridge face subordinate cover crushing straw, and is applied certain The rotten bacillum and urea of amount, and drip irrigation zone is laid, then the sealing of sowing ridge is covered again with mulch film, while sealing greenhouse；

(5) timely rupture of membranes puts seedling after potato emerges again, and film mouthful is tight with grave；It is aqueous using stalk in dropper control film Amount；After potato emerges, temperature of shed is controlled；

(6) potato enter tuber expansion period after from cultivation ridge both sides open mulch film, push aside improving straw mulching thing harvest meet commodity The potato tubers of size.

2. potato ecology according to claim 1 makes hot high-yield early-maturing cultural method, it is characterised in that in step (1), Early-maturing variety of the seed potato from breeding time 65d-70d after emerging.

3. potato ecology according to claim 1 makes hot high-yield early-maturing cultural method, it is characterised in that in step (2), After the ditching machine is ditched, furrow width 25-30cm, deep 10cm are sowed, two are sowed dressing furrow intermediate distance 110cm.

4. potato ecology according to claim 1 makes hot high-yield early-maturing cultural method, it is characterised in that in step (2), Uniformly harmless treatment well-rotted farmyard manure 1000kg/667m is spread fertilizer over the fields in the ditch², compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 70kg/667m²With 2.5kg/667m²Middle and trace element fertilizer；The potato wedge is triangularly arranged mode in ditch according to spacing in the rows 25cm, line-spacing 20cm Carry out pendulum kind.

5. potato ecology according to claim 1 makes hot high-yield early-maturing cultural method, it is characterised in that in step (3), It is the crushing straw that 3cm-5cm, thickness are 8cm that length is applied in the seeding and fertilizing ditch, and the stalk is wheat straw, corn stalk, beans Straw or straw；The rotten bacillum sowing amount is 3kg/667m²；The urea sowing amount is 10kg/667m²；The stalk water content Control is 60%.

6. potato ecology according to claim 1 makes hot high-yield early-maturing cultural method, it is characterised in that in step (4), In the ridge face, cladding thickness is crushing straw that 10cm length is 3cm-5cm again, the stalk be wheat straw, corn stalk, beanstalk or Straw；The rotten bacillum sowing amount is 3kg/667m²；The urea sowing amount is 15kg/667m²；The stalk water content control 60%.

7. potato ecology according to claim 1 makes hot high-yield early-maturing cultural method, it is characterised in that in step (5), Using dropper by the stalk water content control in film 70%；After potato emerges, temperature of shed control is on 25 degree of daytime, night In 15 degree of evening, it is higher by after this temperature whole day in canopy and divulges information；Potato occurs after excessive growth being controlled excessive growth with cycocel.

8. potato ecology according to claim 1 makes hot high-yield early-maturing cultural method, it is characterised in that in step (6), Mulch film is opened from cultivation ridge both sides within 60 days after the potato emerges, push stalks mulching aside；The potato tubers is harvested to terminate Improving straw mulching thing is put in order afterwards, after watering, covering with plastic film again carries out potato after 10 days secondary after potato continued growth Harvest.