CN104303771A - Layered tuberization potato cultivation method - Google Patents
Layered tuberization potato cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104303771A CN104303771A CN201410540573.3A CN201410540573A CN104303771A CN 104303771 A CN104303771 A CN 104303771A CN 201410540573 A CN201410540573 A CN 201410540573A CN 104303771 A CN104303771 A CN 104303771A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a layered tuberization potato cultivation method characterized by micro-ridging film laminating, repeated earthing-up and high yield, and aims at solving the problems of low yield, high green potato rate and poor commodity in existing potato production. The method comprises the following steps of A, seeding potatoes at appropriate time, wherein the potatoes are seeded in the first ten-day period of April of a normal year in a region of which the altitude is below 1,800m according to the regional climate characteristics, are appropriately seeded in the last ten-day period of the April in a region of which the altitude is 1,800-2,300m, and are appropriately seeded in the first ten-day period and the middle ten-day period of May in a region of which the altitude is above 2,300m; performing scribing according to 1.1m in the seeding process, trenching two sides of a middle line, and performing two-line seeding, wherein the line spacing is 25-30cm, the row spacing is 22-25cm, and bud eyes face upwards; performing micro-ridging film laminating cultivation in the seeding process, wherein the height of each ridge is 5-8cm; B, performing repeated earthing-up and layered tuberization. The method has the advantages that by virtue of the repeated earthing-up, tuberization over a film and tuberization below the film can be realized, exposure of stolon is prevented, the top end of the stolon is urged to be expanded in soil to form a tuber, two to three additional potatoes can be obtained for a single plant, the green potato rate is remarkably reduced, and the large potato rate and the commodity are obviously improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of potato.
Background technology
The type of seeding that current potato mostly adopts on producing is: the ridge that after trench digging program request, disposable 25-30cm is high, then behind overlay film (or not overlay film) or the high ridge of disposable good 25-30cm, sow with " dibbling rifle ", such seeding method degree of depth can reach 10cm-15cm, in production, raised bed cultivate is that one-shot forming is not earthed up, cause and emerge slowly, regularity is poor, and the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling is serious; Later stage ridging, fertilising difficulty, cannot realize repeatedly earthing up, green potato rate is high, and commodity is poor, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low, and damage by disease and insect occurs serious, affects expanding of stem tuber.
Summary of the invention
The potato layering knot potato cultivation method of the object of this invention is to provide a kind of micro-ridge overlay film, repeatedly earth up, getting bumper crops, yields poorly to solve during existing potato produces, green potato rate is high, commodity is poor problem.
A kind of potato layering knot potato cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
A, proper seeding: the sowing time of potato is: the normal time, according to regional climate feature, in the region of height above sea level less than 1800 meters, is sowed in early April; The region of height above sea level 1800-2300 meters, Suitable Sowing Period is in late April; The region that height above sea level is more than 2300 meters, Suitable Sowing Period is early and middle ten days in May; 1.1m line is pressed during sowing, at center line both sides trench digging, double row sowing, line-spacing 25-30cm, spacing in the rows 22-25cm, eye, has adopted micro-ridge 5-8cm plastic-film-covered cultivation upward during sowing;
B, repeatedly ridging, layering knot potato:
first time ridging:3-4 days before emerging, carries out first time ridging, ridging thickness 3-5cm, and after ridging, ridge is up to 10-12cm, in order to emerging;
second time ridging: after seedling all sprouts, carry out second time ridging, pour water in conjunction with ridging, after ridging, ridge is up to 20-22cm;
third time ridging:when potato plant height grows to 10-15cm, carry out third time ridging, combine to pour water simultaneously and carry out the material that topdresses; This time after ridging, ridge is up to 28-32cm.
Preferably, the selection of potato is as follows: the scope of height above sea level 1800-2000m selects late variety; The scope of height above sea level 2000-2300m selects medium variety; The scope of height above sea level 2300-2700m selects early-maturing variety.
Preferably, as follows to the potato seed process of steps A Raw potato: under the prerequisite selecting virus-free seed potato, potato seed 7-10d before broadcasting goes out cellar for storing things and strictly selects; Bask seeds after vernalization to potato seed before broadcasting, according to eye stripping and slicing, eliminate disease potato during stripping and slicing, each stripping and slicing keeps 1-2 eye; During stripping and slicing, volumetric concentration is the liquor potassic permanganate immersion cutting knife 5-10min of 0.1%, carries out disinfection; Every 130-150 kg strippings and slicings, seed dressing.
Preferably, the fertilizing method in described step B in potato production is as follows: often produce 1000kg potato, execute nitrogen 4.4-5.5kg, phosphorus pentoxide 1.8-2.2kg, potassium oxide 7.9-10.2kg, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1:0.4:2; Execute calcium, calcium constituent need be equivalent to potassium 1/4.
Preferably, steps A adopts Potato Mechanization sowing:
(1) front operation is broadcast: before broadcasting, carry out tillage operation, tilling depth 200-250mm;
(2) seeding method: during sowing, employing duplicate rows overlay film Sowing machine for potatoes is disposable completes trench digging, sowing and overlay film multi-mode operation.Be characterized in sowing evenly, earthing is consistent, it is neat to emerge, to economize kind, to save time and laborsaving.
Preferably, it also comprises potato growth pest control procedures: general virus disease is prevented and treated by selecting detoxification breeding and anti-eliminating aphis; The bacterial diseases such as black stem, ring are rotten are sterilized by seed selection, cutting knife and are sprayed agricultural streptomycin medicament and carry out integrated control; Mid or late June is about to begin with metalaxyl-mn-zn, Du Pont's gram dew, the prevention of Yin Fali medicament spray medicine, and spray in every 7-10 days once, connects spray 3-4 times;
Preferably, the potato growth extermination of disease and insect pest comprises controlling underground pest: every mu uses 3% phoxim granule 3 ~ 4 kilograms at seeding time.
Preferably, the potato growth extermination of disease and insect pest comprises cauline leaf control of insect: started regularly to spray medicine at the beginning of 6 months, sprays once every 7-10 days, and agricultural chemicals selects that aphid lice is clean, Aphox or chrysanthemum ester.
Feature of the present invention is as follows: 1. select improved seeds for zones of different, and to potato seed disinfection, combined formulation applies fertilizer, micro-ridge 5-8cm plastic-film-covered cultivation has been adopted during sowing, earthing up first before emerging, (ridging thickness 3-5cm), in order to emerging, emerge so fast, regularity is good, and can shorten and put the seedling time, mu can be saved and put seedling recruitment 2-3.Through repeatedly earthing up, can realize on film and two-layer knot potato under film, preventing stolon from exposing, impel stolon ultimate swelling in soil, form stem tuber, individual plant can be made to tie potato increases 2-3, green potato rate significantly reduces, and yampi rate and commodity significantly improve, potato mu volume increase 8-15%.Earth up to reduce before seedling and put the seedling time, mu reduces recruitment 2-3.In addition, ridging can reduce soil temperature, forms the environment that cools, and promotes the formation of stem tuber and expands.After ridging, field rainwater can be discharged in time, and thick ridging also can prevent the spore of late blight from invading stem tuber, thus reduces the harm of damage by disease and insect, reduces agricultural chemicals to the pollution of environment.Promoting the use of this technology, can improve potato yield and quality, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, mu water saving 50-100 side, and utilization rate of fertilizer can significantly improve, and reduces pesticide cost 10-15 unit.Technique cost is low, advanced practical, workable, is conducive to the extension radiation of technology, plays driving effect.Mechanization is compared in table 1 with the recruitment of artificial planting potato per hectare.
2. can save labour's work by mechanized cultivation and be worth 490 yuan/mu, reduce the percent of loss 2-3 percentage points in results process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of knot potato after the inventive method third time ridging.
Embodiment
The following examples can further illustrate the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1:
1, Fruit variety: the high-quality selecting suitable locality to plant, high yield, the New Potato Varieties that disease resistance is strong.The scope of height above sea level 1800-2000m selects late variety; The scope of height above sea level 2000-2300m selects medium variety; The scope of height above sea level 2300-2700m selects early-maturing variety.
2, potato seed treatment technology: under the prerequisite adopting virus-free seed potato, potato seed 15-20d before broadcasting goes out cellar for storing things and strictly selects.Bask seeds after vernalization to potato seed before broadcasting, according to eye stripping and slicing, eliminate disease potato during stripping and slicing, the heavy 30g of stripping and slicing is advisable, and each stripping and slicing keeps 1-2 eye.Soak cutting knife 5-10min with the liquor potassic permanganate of 0.1% during stripping and slicing, carry out disinfection.Every 130-150kg stripping and slicing uses seed dressing (buying the potato seed-dressing agent in academy of agricultural sciences of Gansu Province) 300g pulvis to carry out potato seed stripping and slicing Dressing.
3. proper seeding: the normal time, the region that height above sea level is less than 1800 meters, sowed in early April according to regional climate feature; The region of height above sea level 1800-2300 meters, Suitable Sowing Period is in late April; The region that height above sea level is more than 2300 meters, Suitable Sowing Period is early and middle ten days in May.Press 1.1m line during sowing, at center line both sides trench digging, double row sowing, line-spacing 25-30cm, spacing in the rows 22-25cm, eye, broadcasts rear earthing overlay film upward.
4. Potato Mechanization sowing:
(1) front operation is broadcast.Tillage operation is carried out, (mu executes high-quality farmyard manure 2-4 side, and chemical fertilizer is spread on earth's surface according to formula and farmyard manure are evenly loose, carries out tillage operation with rotovator), tilling depth 200-250mm, loosing soil, grading behind whole ground before broadcasting.
(2) seeding method.The 2MB-1/2 type duplicate rows overlay film Sowing machine for potatoes adopting Qingdao Hong Zhu agricultural machinery Co., Ltd to produce during sowing is disposable completes the item operations such as trench digging, sowing and overlay film.Be characterized in sowing evenly, earthing is consistent, it is neat to emerge, to economize kind, to save time and laborsaving.General ridge face width 60 ~ 70 cm, ridge height 8-10 cm, with the mulch film 4 kilograms of thick 0.006 ~ 0.008mm, wide 90 cm.Row spacing 1.1m, every bed planting 2 row potato, average row is apart from 25 ~ 30 cm, and sow triangular in shape staggering in the ranks, spacing in the rows 22-25 cm, mu stays seedling 4500 ~ 5000 strain.In conjunction with mechanical planting, every mu uses 3% phoxim granule 3 ~ 4 kilograms, control soil insect.
5. Potato Mechanization cultivation and banking: the 2TD-S2 type potato banking machine utilizing Qingdao Hong Zhu agricultural machinery Co., Ltd to produce once completes intertill and clean tillage, 3 operations of loosening the soil and earth up, thus reach and eliminate weeds, chesson, abolish soil compaction and increase the gas permeability of soil, the object of retaining and conserveing soil moisture.
First time ridging: 3-4 days before emerging, carry out first time ridging, after ridging, ridge is up to 10-12cm, in order to emerging.
Second time ridging: carry out second time and earth up after seedling all sprouts, pour water in conjunction with ridging, after ridging, ridge is up to 20-22cm.
Third time ridging: when potato plant height grows to 10-15cm, carries out third time ridging, and combination is simultaneously poured water and carried out applying fertilizer and topdress.This time after ridging, ridge is up to 28-32cm.
Embodiment 2: as follows to process of applying fertilizer in step 5 in embodiment 1: potato belongs to high nutrient demanding crop, often produce 1000kg potato, execute nitrogen 4.4kg, phosphorus pentoxide 1.8kg, potassium oxide 7.9kg, proportions is 1:0.4:2.Base manure is based on farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer.Generally every mu with high-quality farmyard manure 2 cubic metres, and applying quantity of chemical fertilizer accounts for 2/3 of total fertilizing amount, rotary tillage can apply before broadcasting.The weak plot of Post flowering seedling can foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Topdress and to carry out at potato expanding stage, account for 1/3 of applying quantity of chemical fertilizer.
Embodiment 3: as follows to process of applying fertilizer in step 5 in embodiment 1: potato belongs to high nutrient demanding crop, often produce 1000kg potato, execute nitrogen 5.5kg, phosphorus pentoxide 2.2kg, potassium oxide 10.2kg, proportions is 1:0.4:2.Base manure is based on farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer.Generally every mu with high-quality farmyard manure 4 cubic metres, and applying quantity of chemical fertilizer accounts for 2/3 of total fertilizing amount, rotary tillage can apply before broadcasting.The weak plot of Post flowering seedling can foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Topdress and to carry out at potato expanding stage, account for 1/3 of applying quantity of chemical fertilizer.
Embodiment 4: as follows to process of applying fertilizer in step 5 in embodiment 1: potato belongs to high nutrient demanding crop, often produce 1000kg potato, execute nitrogen 5.0kg, phosphorus pentoxide 2.0kg, potassium oxide 10.0kg, proportions is 1:0.4:2.Base manure is based on farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer.Generally every mu with high-quality farmyard manure 3 cubic metres, and applying quantity of chemical fertilizer accounts for 2/3 of total fertilizing amount, rotary tillage can apply before broadcasting.The weak plot of Post flowering seedling can foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Topdress and to carry out at potato expanding stage, account for 1/3 of applying quantity of chemical fertilizer.
Embodiment 5. Potato Mechanization plant protection method: potato Major Diseases has virus, early late blight, black stem, ring corruption, damping off etc.General virus disease is prevented and treated by selecting detoxification breeding and anti-eliminating aphis; The bacterial diseases such as black stem, ring are rotten are sterilized by seed selection, cutting knife and are sprayed the medicaments such as agricultural streptomycin and carry out integrated control; Vertical withered, early the fungal disease such as late blight generally all prevent and treat by medicament.Want emphasis to carry out the work of prevention late blight in disease, mid or late June is about to begin with the prevention of the medicament such as metalaxyl-mn-zn, Du Pont gram dew, Yin Fali spray medicine, and every 7-10 days mechanization sprays once, connects spray 3-4 times.As field has started morbidity, primary infection focus to be removed timely, and around diseased plant, spray medicine control.Potato insect pest mainly contains the cauline leaf insect such as the soil insect such as cutworm, wireworm and aphid, cabbage caterpillar, noctuid, two spotted spider mite, ladybug.Soil insect can prevent and treat at seeding time; Cauline leaf insect starts at the beginning of general 6 months regularly to spray medicine control, can spray once, alternately spray at every turn with different types of agricultural chemicals in conjunction with diseases prevention every 7-10 days, and employing aphid lice is clean, Aphox, chrysanthemum ester alternately spray.
Embodiment 6. Potato Mechanization harvesting method: after the plant cauline leaf jaundice in potato land for growing field crops 70%, should gather in the crops in time.Adopt 1JH-100 type potato seedling killing machine to cut blue or green pulverizing to stem is climing, recycling 4U-83 type potato harvester by potato from underground digging, sieve soil, finally by exposed for potato on earth's surface, reach fast receipts, laborsaving, dig only and the effect of not broken skin.Avoid stem tuber to damage during results, prevent from drenching with rain and exposure in sunshine, carefully collect clean, propose the rotten potato of disease, load mesh bag.
Claims (8)
1. a potato layering knot potato cultivation method, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
A, proper seeding: the sowing time of potato is: the normal time, according to regional climate feature, in the region of height above sea level less than 1800 meters, is sowed in early April; The region of height above sea level 1800-2300 meters, Suitable Sowing Period is in late April; The region that height above sea level is more than 2300 meters, Suitable Sowing Period is early and middle ten days in May; 1.1m line is pressed during sowing, at center line both sides trench digging, double row sowing, line-spacing 25-30cm, spacing in the rows 22-25cm, eye, has adopted micro-ridge 5-8cm plastic-film-covered cultivation upward during sowing;
B, repeatedly ridging, layering knot potato:
first time ridging:3-4 days before emerging, carries out first time ridging, ridging thickness 3-5cm, and after ridging, ridge is up to 10-12cm, in order to emerging;
second time ridging: after seedling all sprouts, carry out second time ridging, pour water in conjunction with ridging, after ridging, ridge is up to 20-22cm;
third time ridging:when potato plant height grows to 10-15cm, carry out third time ridging, combine to pour water simultaneously and carry out the material that topdresses; This time after ridging, ridge is up to 28-32cm.
2. potato layering knot potato cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: the selection of potato is as follows: the scope of height above sea level 1800-2000m selects late variety; The scope of height above sea level 2000-2300m selects medium variety; The scope of height above sea level 2300-2700m selects early-maturing variety.
3. potato layering knot potato cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: as follows to the potato seed process of steps A Raw potato: under the prerequisite selecting virus-free seed potato, potato seed 7-10d before broadcasting goes out cellar for storing things and strictly selects; Bask seeds after vernalization to potato seed before broadcasting, according to eye stripping and slicing, eliminate disease potato during stripping and slicing, each stripping and slicing keeps 1-2 eye; During stripping and slicing, volumetric concentration is the liquor potassic permanganate immersion cutting knife 5-10min of 0.1%, carries out disinfection; Every 130-150 kg strippings and slicings, seed dressing.
4. potato layering knot potato cultivation method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the fertilizing method in described step B in potato production is as follows: often produce 1000kg potato, execute nitrogen 4.4-5.5kg, phosphorus pentoxide 1.8-2.2kg, potassium oxide 7.9-10.2kg, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is 1:0.4:2; Execute calcium, calcium constituent need be equivalent to potassium 1/4.
5. potato layering knot potato cultivation method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: steps A adopts Potato Mechanization sowing:
(1) front operation is broadcast: before broadcasting, carry out tillage operation, tilling depth 200-250mm;
(2) seeding method: during sowing, employing duplicate rows overlay film Sowing machine for potatoes is disposable completes trench digging, sowing and overlay film multi-mode operation.
6. potato layering knot potato cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it also comprises potato growth pest control procedures: general virus disease is prevented and treated by selecting detoxification breeding and anti-eliminating aphis; The bacterial diseases such as black stem, ring are rotten are sterilized by seed selection, cutting knife and are sprayed agricultural streptomycin medicament and carry out integrated control; Mid or late June is about to begin with metalaxyl-mn-zn, Du Pont's gram dew, the prevention of Yin Fali medicament spray medicine, and spray in every 7-10 days once, connects spray 3-4 times.
7. potato layering knot potato cultivation method according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the potato growth extermination of disease and insect pest comprises controlling underground pest: every mu uses 3% phoxim granule 3-4 kilograms at seeding time.
8. potato layering knot potato cultivation method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the potato growth extermination of disease and insect pest comprises cauline leaf control of insect: started regularly to spray medicine at the beginning of 6 months, sprayed once every 7-10 days, agricultural chemicals select that aphid lice is clean, Aphox or chrysanthemum ester.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105409561A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-23 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | High-yield cultivation method for greenhouse potatoes by repeatedly harvesting for many times |
| CN105532217A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-05-04 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Potato ultra-high yield container cultivation method |
| CN106538191A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-29 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of method of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi host species cultivation |
| CN107148852A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-12 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Potato ecology makes hot high-yield early-maturing cultural method |
| CN107439200A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-08 | 广西吉朋投资有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cotton interplanting potato |
| CN107624456A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-01-26 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of spring sowing potato drought, late blight joint prevention and controls |
| CN114885782A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-12 | 湖北恩施中国南方马铃薯研究中心 | Sun-shading and rain-collecting multiple soil culture method for field-cultivated potato virus-free seedlings |
-
2014
- 2014-10-14 CN CN201410540573.3A patent/CN104303771B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| 杜培兵等: "同薯20号马铃薯优质高效栽培技术", 《中国马铃薯》, vol. 21, no. 3, 31 March 2007 (2007-03-31), pages 2 * |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105532217A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-05-04 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Potato ultra-high yield container cultivation method |
| CN105409561A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-23 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | High-yield cultivation method for greenhouse potatoes by repeatedly harvesting for many times |
| CN106538191A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-29 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of method of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi host species cultivation |
| CN107148852A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-12 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Potato ecology makes hot high-yield early-maturing cultural method |
| CN107148852B (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2020-03-31 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Potato ecological brewing high-yield early-maturing cultivation method |
| CN107439200A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-08 | 广西吉朋投资有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cotton interplanting potato |
| CN107624456A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-01-26 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of spring sowing potato drought, late blight joint prevention and controls |
| CN114885782A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-08-12 | 湖北恩施中国南方马铃薯研究中心 | Sun-shading and rain-collecting multiple soil culture method for field-cultivated potato virus-free seedlings |
| CN114885782B (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2024-09-10 | 湖北恩施中国南方马铃薯研究中心 | Poison-covered and rain-collecting multiple ridging method for potato detoxified seedlings cultivated in field |
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