CN105027935A - Peanut high-yield cultivation method - Google Patents
Peanut high-yield cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105027935A CN105027935A CN201510499042.9A CN201510499042A CN105027935A CN 105027935 A CN105027935 A CN 105027935A CN 201510499042 A CN201510499042 A CN 201510499042A CN 105027935 A CN105027935 A CN 105027935A
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- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001454293 Tetranychus urticae Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N avermectin B1a Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QTENRWWVYAAPBI-YCRXJPFRSA-N streptomycin sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](N=C(N)N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](N=C(N)N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O.CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](N=C(N)N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](N=C(N)N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O QTENRWWVYAAPBI-YCRXJPFRSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Natural products CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 streptomycin sulphates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a peanut high-yield cultivation method. The method includes the following steps that firstly, after crops are harvested in autumn in first year, deep scarification is conducted on a planting land once, the thickness of the soil loosening layer of the planting land ranges from 45 cm to 50 cm after deep scarification, and natural airing is conducted after the planting land is loosened deeply. According to the peanut high-yield cultivation method, the land leveling procedure is simplified, the soil structure is not destroyed, work is convenient and fast to conduct, the soil loosening degree is increased, and a hardening layer is broken through effectively. Compared with peanut plastic film mulching and cultivation in the prior art, the soil loosening depth is deepened by 15 cm to 20 cm, the soil loosening degree is increased greatly, the water-retaining property of soil is improved, the soil condition of the region where soil is easy to harden is improved greatly, growth of peanuts is promoted, the yield per mu of peanuts is increased, water resources are saved, the production cost is lowered, and the income of peasant households is increased greatly.
Description
Technical field
the present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation, is a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut.
Background technology
plastic Mulching In Peanut is the main high-yield culture technique promoted at present, has the advantage of preserve soil moisture, sow in advance, be conducive to field management, volume increase, and to improving peanut yield, expansion peanut cultivation region is significant.This technology increases production and improves productivity significantly, simple and easy to do, for vast peanut cultivation family accepts.But area of easily hardening after based on the arid region of drip irrigation irrigation, particularly soil irrigation, along with drip irrigation, fertilizing integratedization are applied gradually, soil quality declines year by year, ubiquity soil compaction, and topsoil shoals, the underproduction, the phenomenon of water-holding capacity difference.
at present, general whole ground measure is the autumn, spring carries out that soil is ploughed deeply, compounding application fertilizer, use chemical fertilizer etc.The degree of depth of ploughing deeply is 25cm to 30cm.But, it is complete under the effect rotating ploughshare that this traditional deep ploughing is ploughed deeply, and can change and even exchange, make the plow layer mellow soil on top imbed in deep soil in operation to the position of upper and lower soil layer, and the soil of deep layer can be turned over to table soil, and the soil nutrient content of deep layer can not show a candle to topsoil.Therefore, the way that traditional deep ploughing is ploughed deeply not only destroys the soil layer construction of soil itself, and the nutrient of upper and lower soil layer is destroyed, and is unfavorable for that the crop nutrition content of next year effectively utilizes, thus affects crop yield and quality, and production cost is high; In addition, under summer hot and dry weather weather conditions, soil evaporativeness is large, and rainwater is few, easily hardens after rainfall, and under causing peanut, pin is difficult, and result quantities reduces, and existing film covering peanut output is on average about 230kg/ mu.
Summary of the invention
the invention provides a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut, overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, it effectively can solve existing Plastic Mulching In Peanut and easily to harden after soil irrigation the problem that regional production cost is high and peanut yield is low.
technical scheme of the present invention is realized by following measures: a kind of high yield cultivation method of peanut, carry out in the steps below: the first step, after crop autumn harvest in the first year, to planting site subsoiling once, after subsoiling, the thickness of the loosing soil layer of planting site is 45cm to 50cm, natural drying after planting site subsoiling; Second step, at the beginning of mid-April to 5 month, the planting site after airing is applied fertilizer to the subsoil, apply fertilizer to the subsoil by every mu of diammonium phosphate 15kg to 20kg, potassium sulfate 5kg to 10kg, three material 10kg to 15kg, to execute after base fertilizer again to planting site subsoiling once, after subsoiling, the thickness of the loosing soil layer of planting site is 45cm to 50cm, carries out smooth after subsoiling to planting site; 3rd step, the planting site after smooth lays irrigate band and mulch film, and an irrigate band is laid in the middle position under every bar mulch film, and upward, the distance of adjacent two mulch films is 40cm to 50cm to the drip hole of irrigate band; 4th step, sow when 5cm dark soil ground temperature in top layer is more than or equal to 15 DEG C, 16h to 24h dresses seed to peanut seed prior to seeding, dry after seed dressing and sow by film two row, spacing in the rows 15cm to 17cm, sowing cave distance dropper band 15cm to 20cm, every bunch planting kind 2 peanut seeds, sowing depth 3cm to 5cm, after planting earthing; 5th step, carries out field management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
here is the further optimization and/or improvements to foregoing invention technical scheme:
in above-mentioned second step, carry out smooth after subsoiling to planting site, the diameter of smooth rear planting site surface pimple is less than or equal to 5cm.
in above-mentioned 4th step, peanut seed being dressed seed and carries out as follows: mixing by adding 15 grams to the 20 grams sharp victory of seed dressing in 15 grams to the 20 grams bright shields of seed dressing, then adding after 150ml to 200ml water mixes and obtain mixing seed dressing, mixing thoroughly to 1.4 grams by adding mixing seed dressing 1.3 grams in per kilogram peanut seed.
above-mentioned irrigate band is flank labyrinth type drip irrigation tape, and the water yield of irrigate band is 2.0L/h to 3.0L/h; Or/and during sowing, the width of soil layer is imbedded on mulch film both sides is 10cm to 15cm; Or/and peanut seed educates No. 22 peanut seeds for spending; Or/and, the wide 0.7m of mulch film, ground thickness 0.008mm.
above-mentioned field management is carried out as follows: after peanut seeding planting site soil moisture lower than 60% time carry out drip irrigation, the drip irrigation time is 4h to 6h, emerge neatly, once intertill, the degree of depth of once intertilling is 10cm to 15cm, once intertills after 2 days to 3 days and carries out a restraining the growth of seedlings clearly, clear is carried out secondary intertillage after 15 days to 20 days, the degree of depth 15cm to 20cm of secondary intertillage, restrain the growth of seedlings and carry out drip irrigation after 20 days to 30 days, the drip irrigation time is 6h to 8h; Peanut growth phase drip irrigation 1 time weekly, each drip irrigation time is 8h to 10h, within before harvesting peanut 1 week, stops pouring water; Florescence topdresses, every mu impose 6 kilograms to 8 kilograms, urea, spray mass percent be the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution of 5% once; Lower pin pod bearing period, with the fertilising of drip irrigation water droplet, by every mu of urea 15kg to 18kg, MAP 3kg to 5kg, potassium sulfate 3kg to 5kg, will divide and imposes for 3 times.
the above-mentioned extermination of disease and insect pest is carried out as follows: the root rot in peanut seedling stage and black rot, carry out the control of filling root with agricultural streptomycin sulphate, 15 grams of agricultural streptomycin sulphates are watered 15 kilograms, every 3 days to 4 days continuous irrigation roots 3 times, and pull out diseased plant in time, control soil pollution passes sick; Find that there is two spotted spider mite June to September to occur, spray 1.8% Avermectin, 2500 times of liquid and carry out biological control, more severe case interval 1 time-of-week continues to spray once.
the present invention makes whole ground program simplification, not spoiled soil structure, operation easily and fast, improve loosing soil degree, and effectively broken hardening layer, high yield cultivation method of peanut of the present invention is prior art Plastic Mulching In Peanut loosing soil depth down 15cm to 20cm comparatively, drastically increase loosing soil degree, add water retention, significantly improve soil easily harden area soil condition, facilitate the growth of peanut, improve the per mu yield of peanut, save water resource, reduced production cost, considerably increase the income of peasant household.
Embodiment
the present invention by the restriction of following embodiment, can not determine concrete embodiment according to technical scheme of the present invention and actual conditions.
embodiment 1, this high yield cultivation method of peanut, carries out: the first step in the steps below, and after crop autumn harvest in the first year, to planting site subsoiling once, after subsoiling, the thickness of the loosing soil layer of planting site is 45cm to 50cm, natural drying after planting site subsoiling; Second step, at the beginning of mid-April to 5 month, the planting site after airing is applied fertilizer to the subsoil, apply fertilizer to the subsoil by every mu of diammonium phosphate 15kg to 20kg, potassium sulfate 5kg to 10kg, three material 10kg to 15kg, to execute after base fertilizer again to planting site subsoiling once, after subsoiling, the thickness of the loosing soil layer of planting site is 45cm to 50cm, carries out smooth after subsoiling to planting site; 3rd step, the planting site after smooth lays irrigate band and mulch film, and an irrigate band is laid in the middle position under every bar mulch film, and upward, the distance of adjacent two mulch films is 40cm to 50cm to the drip hole of irrigate band; 4th step, sow when 5cm dark soil ground temperature in top layer is more than or equal to 15 DEG C, 16h to 24h dresses seed to peanut seed prior to seeding, dry after seed dressing and sow by film two row, spacing in the rows 15cm to 17cm, sowing cave distance dropper band 15cm to 20cm, every bunch planting kind 2 peanut seeds, sowing depth 3cm to 5cm, after planting earthing; 5th step, carries out field management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.Undertaken by tractor and subsoiling device during planting site subsoiling, tractor horsepower can be 180 horsepowers, subsoiling device is a kind of small-sized subsoiling device, operation wide cut 1.8 meters, be made up of crossbeam and 3 subsoiling hooks, the long 1.8m of crossbeam, 3 subsoiling hooks equidistantly distribute on crossbeam, crossbeam bottom subsoiling hook length is 70cm, subsoiling device is hung on rear tractor, subsoiling device is utilized to carry out subsoiling to planting site soil, during subsoiling, subsoiling device embedded depth reaches 60cm to 65cm, the natural drying of planting site soil can be carried out after subsoiling, utilize sunlight natural temperature that the disease pest and weed existed in soil is obtained to kill to a certain extent, through snow cover and the cryogenic freezing in a winter in March November to next year, in planting site, Pest organism etc. are controlled further.Each subsoiling need be connected with a front subsoiling border, to ensure ground of not leaving a blank between each subsoiling, makes soil in whole planting site fully obtain subsoiling, is conducive to plant growth like this, reaches the effect that growing way is consistent.After soil subsoiling is smooth, machinery can be utilized to carry out the laying of planting site mulch film and dropper band, all flat furrow, do not need ridging, machinery once-paving 2 to 4 mulch films, dropper band is parallel with mulch film, tension is laid, and on mulch film, add horizontal waistband every the artificial soil of mending in 1.5m to 2m place in time after plastic film mulch, control strong wind scrapes mulch film off.Sow first 10 days to 20 days, artificial or machinery is peeled off, and can not destroy the integrality of shelled peanut when peeling off, the kernel if any distinguish will be rejected in time, can not use as seed, for the peanut seed of shell worm in spite of illness, as mouldy, mildew and rot, peculiar smell, band worm's ovum etc., this type of seed without exception need not, all eliminate and throw away, in the mesh bag that the seed that strips is put into good permeability or paper bag, put and store in the cool, for sowing is prepared.
embodiment 2, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in second step, carries out smooth to planting site after subsoiling, and the diameter of smooth rear planting site surface pimple is less than or equal to 5cm.After second time subsoiling, carry out soil rotary tillage in time, the rotary tillage degree of depth can be 12cm to 15cm, soil surface is reached together, flat, loose, broken, clean, moisture in the soil, if the pimple diameter of surface soil is greater than more than 5cm, need rotary tillage 2 times to 3 times, after land smoothing is good, just can carry out sowing front preparation.
embodiment 3, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in 4th step, peanut seed being dressed seed and carries out as follows: mixing by adding 15 grams to the 20 grams sharp victory of seed dressing in 15 grams to the 20 grams bright shields of seed dressing, then adding after 150ml to 200ml water mixes and obtain mixing seed dressing, mixing thoroughly to 1.4 grams by adding mixing seed dressing 1.3 grams in per kilogram peanut seed.Bright shield is blue powder shape, and sharp victory is that vermilion is Powdered, and the two is seed dressing, has diseases prevention, insect protected effect.
embodiment 4, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, irrigate band is flank labyrinth type drip irrigation tape, and the water yield of irrigate band is 2.0L/h to 3.0L/h; Or/and during sowing, the width of soil layer is imbedded on mulch film both sides is 10cm to 15cm; Or/and peanut seed educates No. 22 peanut seeds for spending; Or/and, the wide 0.7m of mulch film, ground thickness 0.008mm.
embodiment 5, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, field management is carried out as follows: after peanut seeding planting site soil moisture lower than 60% time carry out drip irrigation, the drip irrigation time is 4h to 6h, emerge neatly, once intertill, the degree of depth of once intertilling is 10cm to 15cm, once intertills after 2 days to 3 days and carries out a restraining the growth of seedlings clearly, clear is carried out secondary intertillage after 15 days to 20 days, the degree of depth 15cm to 20cm of secondary intertillage, restrain the growth of seedlings and carry out drip irrigation after 20 days to 30 days, the drip irrigation time is 6h to 8h; Peanut growth phase drip irrigation 1 time weekly, each drip irrigation time is 8h to 10h, within before harvesting peanut 1 week, stops pouring water; Florescence topdresses, every mu impose 6 kilograms to 8 kilograms, urea, spray mass percent be the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution of 5% once; Lower pin pod bearing period, with the fertilising of drip irrigation water droplet, by every mu of urea 15kg to 18kg, MAP 3kg to 5kg, potassium sulfate 3kg to 5kg, will divide and imposes for 3 times.After peanut seeding planting site soil moisture lower than 60% time carry out drip irrigation, make soil in sowing cave fully moistening, infiltrating depth of the water is 15cm to 20cm, can not drip irrigation overlong time, and soil's being over wet easily makes seed decay mouldy, causes sprout term disease to occur.Once intertillage makes upper soll layer in the ranks loosen, and improves ground temperature.Clear is exactly that two panels cotyledon is exposed completely, does not have soil to cover, cotyledon is fully exposed to sunlight.Secondary intertillage makes upper soll layer in the ranks loosen, and improves ground temperature, plays the effect of ridging simultaneously, make have chesson to cover bottom peanut side shoot.Peanut restraining the growth of seedlings is counted after emerging, and restrains the growth of seedlings 20 days to 30 days, when closed upright phenomenon appears in blade, carries out drip irrigation, makes soil in film fully moistening.The peanut growth phase removes weeds on mulch film and in the ranks in time, and nutrient fought for by minimizing weeds and peanut.Florescence pours water and wants fully, and seedling stage and maturing stage will reduce irrigation quantity.Mass percent be 5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution can prepare as follows: take 2.25kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate powder, be dissolved in the water of 15kg and obtain the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution that mass percent is 5%, then sparge blade surface.When lower pin pod bearing period will apply fertilizer with drip irrigation water droplet, fertilizer fully will dissolve in advance in fertilizer spreading tank, first use clear water drip irrigation 2h to 3h, then start with water droplet fertilise, the time of dripping fertilise is 1h to 2h, time is unsuitable long, drips fertilise and terminates rear continuation drip irrigation clear water 4h to 5h.
embodiment 6, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, the extermination of disease and insect pest is carried out as follows: the root rot in peanut seedling stage and black rot, the control of filling root is carried out with agricultural streptomycin sulphate, 15 grams of agricultural streptomycin sulphates are watered 15 kilograms, every 3 days to 4 days continuous irrigation roots 3 times, and pull out diseased plant in time, control soil pollution passes sick; Find that there is two spotted spider mite June to September to occur, spray 1.8% Avermectin, 2500 times of liquid and carry out biological control, more severe case interval 1 time-of-week continues to spray once.First the extermination of disease and insect pest selects the kind that disease resistance is strong, and next is carried out seed and broadcasts front airing, reduces seed coat and is with worm in spite of illness, again carry out seed seed dressing, select the good seed dressing of diseases prevention vermins-proof effect, last once find damage by disease and insect, biological or chemical medicament be adopted in time to prevent and treat.Peanut seedling stage is as low temperature, rainy weather, easy generation root rot, black rot, main manifestations is the full pitchy bacterium of cotyledon and cotyledon bottom stem segment length, susceptible initial stage Leaves on main stem is wilted, mid-term, whole strain blade was wilted, later stage, whole strain was withered, after extracting root, under ground portion covers with black mycelia, when there is early symptom, the control of filling root is carried out in time with agricultural streptomycin sulphate, 15 grams of medicines are watered 15 kilograms, every 3 days to 4 days continuous irrigation roots 3 times, and just can symptom management, pull out diseased plant in time, control soil pollution passes sick.June to September drought weather condition under, tetranychid (two spotted spider mite) occurs comparatively serious, occurs, spray 1.8% Avermectin, 2500 times of liquid immediately and carry out biological control once find that there is two spotted spider mite, there is more severe case interval 1 time-of-week to continue to spray once, effectively can prevent and treat the harm of peanut tetranychid.The peanut maturing stage will reduce irrigation quantity, control decayed fruit.At late September harvesting peanut, remove earth, blade and decayed fruit, roping, to threshing ground airing, when seed moisture content is reached below 9%, puts into nice and cool, dry, room with good ventilation storage.
the planting density of high yield cultivation method of peanut of the present invention is 7000 caves/mu to 7500 cave/mu, pass through soil subsoiling, rotary tillage is combined with under-film drip irrigation, Pod Yield is that 500kg/ mu is to 572kg/ mu, high yield cultivation method of peanut of the present invention comparatively prior art Plastic Mulching In Peanut per plant number increases by 10 to 15, the ploughshare decreasing peasant household conventional is ploughed, revolve ground, rake the soil level and the multinomial agricultural machinery operating procedure of ridging, the present invention makes whole ground program simplification, not spoiled soil structure, operation is convenient, fast, improve loosing soil degree, and effectively broken hardening layer, the loosing soil degree of depth is 45cm to 50cm, high yield cultivation method of peanut of the present invention is prior art Plastic Mulching In Peanut loosing soil depth down 15cm to 20cm comparatively, drastically increase loosing soil degree, the degree of packing of soil reduces 120psi to 140psi, water retention adds 10% to 13%, saving water resource 5% to 8%, peanut yield increases by 48% to 65%, significantly improve soil easily harden area soil condition, facilitate the growth of peanut, improve the per mu yield of peanut, considerably increase the income of peasant household.
in sum, the present invention makes whole ground program simplification, not spoiled soil structure, operation is convenient, fast, improve loosing soil degree, and effectively broken hardening layer, high yield cultivation method of peanut of the present invention is prior art Plastic Mulching In Peanut loosing soil depth down 15cm to 20cm comparatively, drastically increase loosing soil degree, add water retention, significantly improve soil easily harden area soil condition, facilitate the growth of peanut, improve the per mu yield of peanut, save water resource, reduce production cost, considerably increase the income of peasant household.
above technical characteristic constitutes embodiments of the invention, and it has stronger adaptability and implementation result, can increase and decrease non-essential technical characteristic according to actual needs, meet the demand of different situations.
Claims (9)
1. a high yield cultivation method of peanut, is characterized in that carrying out in the steps below: the first step, and after crop autumn harvest in the first year, to planting site subsoiling once, after subsoiling, the thickness of the loosing soil layer of planting site is 45cm to 50cm, natural drying after planting site subsoiling; Second step, at the beginning of mid-April to 5 month, the planting site after airing is applied fertilizer to the subsoil, apply fertilizer to the subsoil by every mu of diammonium phosphate 15kg to 20kg, potassium sulfate 5kg to 10kg, three material 10kg to 15kg, to execute after base fertilizer again to planting site subsoiling once, after subsoiling, the thickness of the loosing soil layer of planting site is 45cm to 50cm, carries out smooth after subsoiling to planting site; 3rd step, the planting site after smooth lays irrigate band and mulch film, and an irrigate band is laid in the middle position under every bar mulch film, and upward, the distance of adjacent two mulch films is 40cm to 50cm to the drip hole of irrigate band; 4th step, sow when 5cm dark soil ground temperature in top layer is more than or equal to 15 DEG C, 16h to 24h dresses seed to peanut seed prior to seeding, dry after seed dressing and sow by film two row, spacing in the rows 15cm to 17cm, sowing cave distance dropper band 15cm to 20cm, every bunch planting kind 2 peanut seeds, sowing depth 3cm to 5cm, after planting earthing; 5th step, carries out field management and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
2. high yield cultivation method of peanut according to claim 1, is characterized in that in second step, carries out smooth after subsoiling to planting site, and the diameter of smooth rear planting site surface pimple is less than or equal to 5cm.
3. high yield cultivation method of peanut according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that in the 4th step, peanut seed being dressed seed and carries out as follows: mixing by adding 15 grams to the 20 grams sharp victory of seed dressing in 15 grams to the 20 grams bright shields of seed dressing, then adding after 150ml to 200ml water mixes and obtain mixing seed dressing, mixing thoroughly to 1.4 grams by adding mixing seed dressing 1.3 grams in per kilogram peanut seed.
4. high yield cultivation method of peanut according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that irrigate band is flank labyrinth type drip irrigation tape, the water yield of irrigate band is 2.0L/h to 3.0L/h; Or/and during sowing, the width of soil layer is imbedded on mulch film both sides is 10cm to 15cm; Or/and peanut seed educates No. 22 peanut seeds for spending; Or/and, the wide 0.7m of mulch film, ground thickness 0.008mm.
5. high yield cultivation method of peanut according to claim 3, it is characterized in that irrigate band is flank labyrinth type drip irrigation tape, the water yield of irrigate band is 2.0L/h to 3.0L/h; Or/and during sowing, the width of soil layer is imbedded on mulch film both sides is 10cm to 15cm; Or/and peanut seed educates No. 22 peanut seeds for spending; Or/and, the wide 0.7m of mulch film, ground thickness 0.008mm.
6. high yield cultivation method of peanut according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that field management is carried out as follows: after peanut seeding planting site soil moisture lower than 60% time carry out drip irrigation, the drip irrigation time is 4h to 6h, emerge neatly, once intertill, the degree of depth of once intertilling is 10cm to 15cm, once intertill after 2 days to 3 days and carry out a restraining the growth of seedlings clearly, clear is carried out secondary intertillage after 15 days to 20 days, the degree of depth 15cm to 20cm of secondary intertillage, restrain the growth of seedlings and carry out drip irrigation after 20 days to 30 days, the drip irrigation time is 6h to 8h; Peanut growth phase drip irrigation 1 time weekly, each drip irrigation time is 8h to 10h, within before harvesting peanut 1 week, stops pouring water; Florescence topdresses, every mu impose 6 kilograms to 8 kilograms, urea, spray mass percent be the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution of 5% once; Lower pin pod bearing period, with the fertilising of drip irrigation water droplet, by every mu of urea 15kg to 18kg, MAP 3kg to 5kg, potassium sulfate 3kg to 5kg, will divide and imposes for 3 times; Or/and the extermination of disease and insect pest is carried out as follows: the root rot in peanut seedling stage and black rot, carry out the control of filling root with agricultural streptomycin sulphate, 15 grams of agricultural streptomycin sulphates are watered 15 kilograms, every 3 days to 4 days continuous irrigation roots 3 times, and pull out diseased plant in time, control soil pollution passes sick; Find that there is two spotted spider mite June to September to occur, spray 1.8% Avermectin, 2500 times of liquid and carry out biological control, more severe case interval 1 time-of-week continues to spray once.
7. high yield cultivation method of peanut according to claim 3, it is characterized in that field management is carried out as follows: after peanut seeding planting site soil moisture lower than 60% time carry out drip irrigation, the drip irrigation time is 4h to 6h, emerge neatly, once intertill, the degree of depth of once intertilling is 10cm to 15cm, once intertill after 2 days to 3 days and carry out a restraining the growth of seedlings clearly, clear is carried out secondary intertillage after 15 days to 20 days, the degree of depth 15cm to 20cm of secondary intertillage, restrain the growth of seedlings and carry out drip irrigation after 20 days to 30 days, the drip irrigation time is 6h to 8h; Peanut growth phase drip irrigation 1 time weekly, each drip irrigation time is 8h to 10h, within before harvesting peanut 1 week, stops pouring water; Florescence topdresses, every mu impose 6 kilograms to 8 kilograms, urea, spray mass percent be the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution of 5% once; Lower pin pod bearing period, with the fertilising of drip irrigation water droplet, by every mu of urea 15kg to 18kg, MAP 3kg to 5kg, potassium sulfate 3kg to 5kg, will divide and imposes for 3 times; Or/and the extermination of disease and insect pest is carried out as follows: the root rot in peanut seedling stage and black rot, carry out the control of filling root with agricultural streptomycin sulphate, 15 grams of agricultural streptomycin sulphates are watered 15 kilograms, every 3 days to 4 days continuous irrigation roots 3 times, and pull out diseased plant in time, control soil pollution passes sick; Find that there is two spotted spider mite June to September to occur, spray 1.8% Avermectin, 2500 times of liquid and carry out biological control, more severe case interval 1 time-of-week continues to spray once.
8. high yield cultivation method of peanut according to claim 4, it is characterized in that field management is carried out as follows: after peanut seeding planting site soil moisture lower than 60% time carry out drip irrigation, the drip irrigation time is 4h to 6h, emerge neatly, once intertill, the degree of depth of once intertilling is 10cm to 15cm, once intertill after 2 days to 3 days and carry out a restraining the growth of seedlings clearly, clear is carried out secondary intertillage after 15 days to 20 days, the degree of depth 15cm to 20cm of secondary intertillage, restrain the growth of seedlings and carry out drip irrigation after 20 days to 30 days, the drip irrigation time is 6h to 8h; Peanut growth phase drip irrigation 1 time weekly, each drip irrigation time is 8h to 10h, within before harvesting peanut 1 week, stops pouring water; Florescence topdresses, every mu impose 6 kilograms to 8 kilograms, urea, spray mass percent be the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution of 5% once; Lower pin pod bearing period, with the fertilising of drip irrigation water droplet, by every mu of urea 15kg to 18kg, MAP 3kg to 5kg, potassium sulfate 3kg to 5kg, will divide and imposes for 3 times; Or/and the extermination of disease and insect pest is carried out as follows: the root rot in peanut seedling stage and black rot, carry out the control of filling root with agricultural streptomycin sulphate, 15 grams of agricultural streptomycin sulphates are watered 15 kilograms, every 3 days to 4 days continuous irrigation roots 3 times, and pull out diseased plant in time, control soil pollution passes sick; Find that there is two spotted spider mite June to September to occur, spray 1.8% Avermectin, 2500 times of liquid and carry out biological control, more severe case interval 1 time-of-week continues to spray once.
9. high yield cultivation method of peanut according to claim 5, it is characterized in that field management is carried out as follows: after peanut seeding planting site soil moisture lower than 60% time carry out drip irrigation, the drip irrigation time is 4h to 6h, emerge neatly, once intertill, the degree of depth of once intertilling is 10cm to 15cm, once intertill after 2 days to 3 days and carry out a restraining the growth of seedlings clearly, clear is carried out secondary intertillage after 15 days to 20 days, the degree of depth 15cm to 20cm of secondary intertillage, restrain the growth of seedlings and carry out drip irrigation after 20 days to 30 days, the drip irrigation time is 6h to 8h; Peanut growth phase drip irrigation 1 time weekly, each drip irrigation time is 8h to 10h, within before harvesting peanut 1 week, stops pouring water; Florescence topdresses, every mu impose 6 kilograms to 8 kilograms, urea, spray mass percent be the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution of 5% once; Lower pin pod bearing period, with the fertilising of drip irrigation water droplet, by every mu of urea 15kg to 18kg, MAP 3kg to 5kg, potassium sulfate 3kg to 5kg, will divide and imposes for 3 times; Or/and the extermination of disease and insect pest is carried out as follows: the root rot in peanut seedling stage and black rot, carry out the control of filling root with agricultural streptomycin sulphate, 15 grams of agricultural streptomycin sulphates are watered 15 kilograms, every 3 days to 4 days continuous irrigation roots 3 times, and pull out diseased plant in time, control soil pollution passes sick; Find that there is two spotted spider mite June to September to occur, spray 1.8% Avermectin, 2500 times of liquid and carry out biological control, more severe case interval 1 time-of-week continues to spray once.
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| CN106717890A (en) * | 2016-12-10 | 2017-05-31 | 陈培党 | A kind of Cultivation of High Yield Peanuts technical method |
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| CN111587732A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-08-28 | 新疆玉维鲜农业科技中心 | Cultivation method for producing peanuts during young actinidia arguta trees |
| CN112913618A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-08 | 柳延涛 | Peanut cultivation method |
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| CN105837289A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-08-10 | 山东省花生研究所 | A water-fertilizer-integrated special-purpose fertilizer set meal for peanut |
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| CN111587732A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-08-28 | 新疆玉维鲜农业科技中心 | Cultivation method for producing peanuts during young actinidia arguta trees |
| CN112913618A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-08 | 柳延涛 | Peanut cultivation method |
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