CN107295870A - A kind of cultivation technique for improving red soil peanut yield - Google Patents
A kind of cultivation technique for improving red soil peanut yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN107295870A CN107295870A CN201710456522.6A CN201710456522A CN107295870A CN 107295870 A CN107295870 A CN 107295870A CN 201710456522 A CN201710456522 A CN 201710456522A CN 107295870 A CN107295870 A CN 107295870A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultivation technique for improving red soil peanut yield.It comprises the following steps：(1) preparation in arable land：Operate according to a conventional method, deep ploughing is carried out as far as possible and is loosened the soil, increases the porosity of soil, every mu of base manure applies farmyard manure 1000kg, calcium superphosphate 255 kg, pulverized limestone 525kg and magnesium sulfate 15kg；(2) high yield, the selection of disease-resistant peanut varieties；(3) seed coat agent processing before seed is broadcast；(4) sow, using Mechanization sowing, duplicate rows, 6 × 5 cun of seeding row spacing, double grains, every mu 18000 to 20000 seedling；After planting every mu removed in seed furrow apply 5% Terbufos 2.5kg, ant proof and subterranean pest-insect；After earthing, every mu of the furrow face 75kg that added water with 72% your 120 ml sprays weeding；(5) after emerging, biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer is sprayed respectively in seedling stage and florescence, and first beneficial 5kg/ mus of agriculture moderate-element fertilizer mixing borax is sprayed in the later stage of blooming.The present invention can greatly solve red soil peanut continuous cropping obstacle, improve planting percent and yield, solve the technical barrier that the production of red soil Peanut over Large Areas is present.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high-yield culture technique, and in particular to a kind of cultivation technique of raising red soil peanut yield.
Background technology
Red soil is the typical soil types of south China, although khoai cultivated area only accounts for the 3 of national total cultivated area
6%, but the whole nation grain and the agricultural byproducts such as oil plant of more than half is contribute to, have to the grain security for maintaining China important
Meaning.Peanut is the main oil crops and industrial crops of China's khoai plantation, the annual cultivated area about 1.6 in Jiangxi Province
The average per unit area yield of × 105 hm2, the kg of average annual yield about 4.5 × 108, nearly 3,000,000,000 yuan of annual value of production, but Jiangxi Province's peanut is not enough
2800kg.hm-2, far below average national level.
The factor for restricting red soil peanut high yield is a lot, wherein（1）Variety deterioration, updates slow；（2）Continuous cropping obstacle, soil
Soil-borne disease is serious；（3）Improper fertilizer application is one of main three big factors.
1st, variety deterioration, updates slow：The peanut varieties of current Red Soil area plantation are still largely eighties of last century 80
The Yueyou 256 that age promotes, the kind has been degenerated by planting for many years, and disease resistance, special Resistance to bacterial wilt is degenerated,
Yield is also greatly lowered.
2nd, continuous cropping obstacle is serious：Because the benefit for planting peanut is of a relatively high, Red Soil soil area peasant adheres to continuous cropping
Peanut, the Peanut Fields Planting Years for having a quarter or so are up to 10 years, and indivedual fields are even more than 20 years, long-term continuous cropping
Continuous cropping makes peanut per unit area yield and downward trend is presented in total yield, and peanut continuous cropping continuous cropping also causes pest and disease damage to aggravate, with root rot caused by fusarium
The incidence of disease based on disease is multiplied with the continuous cropping time limit, bacterial wilt southern blight then with the continuous cropping time limit extension from scratch, and morbidity
More in the maturity period of bearing pods, bacterial wilt is once infect, and production loss 60~70% is had no harvest when serious.
3rd, fertilizer application is improper, and especially nitrogen application is excessive, and it is one of the main reasons that fertiliser containing magnesium, which applies deficiency,.
Although nitrogen is one of three big nutrients necessary to crop growth, excessively peanut can still be endangered by applying nitrogen
Grow, cause the underproduction；Relatively low utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and higher nitrogen loss are also resulted in simultaneously, and then pollute environment.
In addition, in the case of excessively applying nitrogen, although Soil Available nitrogen level is obviously improved in a short time, but compromises peanut itself root nodule
Nitrogen fixing capacity.Due to the substantial amounts of administration inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer in red soil area, Shi Gai areas Soil Nitrogen Content has tended to saturation, soil pair
The ability decline of attracting deposit of external source inorganic nitrogen, the increase of nitrogen loss risk, more seriously irrational fertilizer management is arranged for a long time
Applying causes peanut nodule Quality Down, and part plot Peanut Root System Nodule number occurs and even zero dross phenomenon is greatly reduced, and causes
Make plant biological nitrogen fixation miopragia, cause soil nutrient unbalance, cause the fertilizer utilization efficiency of peanut to decline, causing one is
Row subsequent environments problem.
It, except one of six kinds of a great number of elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) needed for C, H, 0 outer plant, is that plant is normal that magnesium (№), which is,
Grow institute it is indispensable.The content of China's red earth area magnesium is 0.06%-0.3%, and exchangeable magnesium only accounts for full magnesium amount
4% or so, it is impossible to the need for meeting general crop.In addition, high nitrogen, high phosphorus, high calcium, high ph-values, low ph value in soil etc. is
Magnesium deficiency symptom can be caused.Southern area is mostly typical acid red loam, and pH value is relatively low, and exchangeable magnesium content is typically relatively low,
Have a strong impact on the average per unit area yield of red soil peanut.
For above-mentioned restraining factors, a kind of cultivation technique for improving red soil peanut yield of the present invention, using technique
Plantation peanut can improve red soil peanut 25-35% yield level.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention seeks to be to provide a kind of raising red soil peanut yield
Cultivation technique, can greatly solve red soil peanut continuous cropping obstacle, improve planting percent and yield, solve red soil Peanut over Large Areas
The technical barrier existed is produced, with important application value.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is to realize by the following technical solutions：One kind improves red soil peanut
The cultivation technique of yield, it comprises the following steps：(1) preparation in arable land：Operate according to a conventional method, deep ploughing pine is carried out as far as possible
Soil, increases the porosity of soil, and every mu of base manure applies farmyard manure 1000kg, calcium superphosphate 255 kg, pulverized limestone 525kg and sulfuric acid
Magnesium 15kg；
(2) high yield, the selection of disease-resistant peanut varieties；
(3) seed coat agent processing before seed is broadcast：By bright 1 bag of shield（10ml）With sharp 1 bag of victory（10g）Mixing, plus 100ml water（With abundant
Medicament has been coated for the purpose of seed completely）, 2.5kg seeds are wrapped, fully mixes thoroughly, medicine film is uniformly attached to the surface of the seed bag
The seed cool place of clothing is dry standby；
(4) sow, using Mechanization sowing, duplicate rows, 6 × 5 cun of seeding row spacing, double grains, every mu 18000 to 20000 seedling.It is after planting every
Mu removed in seed furrow apply 5% Terbufos 2.5kg, ant proof and subterranean pest-insect.After earthing, every mu of furrow face with 72% all you
The 120 ml 75kg that add water spray weeding；
(5) after emerging, in seedling stage（When seedling reaches 2-3 piece leaflets）Spray biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer respectively with florescence（Every mu
Each 500g, to water 50kg, spraying concentration is 1%）, first beneficial 5kg/ mus of agriculture moderate-element fertilizer mixing borax is sprayed in the later stage of blooming.
Described step (2) is from the peanut varieties " auspicious safe No. 1 " of high yield resistance to bacterial wilt, " auspicious safe No. 2 ", " Guangdong oil 7 "
" boat spends No. 2 "；It is selected full, standby without the seed gone mouldy using mechanical descaling.
The invention has the advantages that：Red soil peanut continuous cropping obstacle can be greatly solved, planting percent and production is improved
Amount, solves the technical barrier that the production of red soil Peanut over Large Areas is present；Red soil flower can be improved using technique plantation peanut
Raw 25-35% yield level.
Embodiment
To be easy to understand the technical means, the inventive features, the objects and the advantages of the present invention, with reference to
Embodiment, is expanded on further the present invention.
Embodiment 1：A kind of cultivation technique for improving red soil peanut yield, it comprises the following steps：(1) standard in arable land
It is standby：Operate according to a conventional method, deep ploughing is carried out as far as possible and is loosened the soil, increases the porosity of soil, every mu of base manure applies farmyard manure 1000kg
, calcium superphosphate 255 kg, pulverized limestone 525kg and magnesium sulfate 15kg；
(2) high yield, the selection of disease-resistant peanut varieties：From the peanut varieties " auspicious safe No. 1 " of high yield resistance to bacterial wilt, " auspicious safe 2
Number ", " Guangdong oil 7 " and " boat spends No. 2 "；It is selected full, standby without the seed gone mouldy using mechanical descaling；
(3) seed coat agent processing before seed is broadcast：By bright 1 bag of shield（10ml）With sharp 1 bag of victory（10g）Mixing, plus 100ml water（With abundant
Medicament has been coated for the purpose of seed completely）, 2.5kg seeds are wrapped, fully mixes thoroughly, medicine film is uniformly attached to the surface of the seed bag
The seed cool place of clothing is dry standby；
(4) sow, using Mechanization sowing, duplicate rows, 6 × 5 cun of seeding row spacing, double grains, every mu 18000 to 20000 seedling.It is after planting every
Mu removed in seed furrow apply 5% Terbufos 2.5kg, ant proof and subterranean pest-insect.After earthing, every mu of furrow face with 72% all you
The 120 ml 75kg that add water spray weeding；
(5) after emerging, in seedling stage（When seedling reaches 2-3 piece leaflets）Spray biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer respectively with florescence（Every mu
Each 500g, to water 50kg, spraying concentration is 1%）, first beneficial 5kg/ mus of agriculture moderate-element fertilizer mixing borax is sprayed in the later stage of blooming.
Increase " applies magnesium sulfate 15kg " for every mu and is based on following result of the test in the step of the present embodiment (1)：
The influence of table 1, different fertiliser containing magnesium amounts of application to red soil peanut yield
| Processing | Plant height（cm） | Branch amount (bar) | Stem leafiness number（Piece） | Individual plant fruit number（It is individual） | The full fruit number of individual plant（It is individual） | Average yield per mu（kg） |
| Magnesium sulfate（10kg/ mus） | 46.1 | 7.5 | 11.8 | 13.9 | 10.1 | 258.3 |
| Magnesium sulfate（15kg/ mus） | 44.2 | 7.6 | 11.5 | 14.8 | 11.3 | 263.3 |
| Magnesium sulfate（20kg/ mus） | 40.5 | 7.8 | 11.2 | 15.3 | 12.5 | 278.2 |
| Magnesium sulfate（0kg/ mus） | 48.2 | 7.0 | 12.6 | 12.3 | 9.3 | 238.2 |
The kind used is tested for " boat spends No. 2 ", the branch amount of increase peanut can be made using magnesium sulfate, individual plant fruit number and individual plant are full
Fruit number, reduces stem leafiness number, so that the average unit yield of peanut is significantly increased, effect of increasing production most notably every mu of administration
20kg magnesium sulfate, can improve yield 16.8%.
The present embodiment step（2）In the disease-resistant peanut varieties of high yield and high quality select based on following result of the test.
The performance of table 2, different peanut varieties in red soil
2013-2016, Comparative Experiment in Several New Peanut Varieties is carried out in Jiangxi Zhangshu City red soil area, is sieved from 50 tested varieties
Select the plantation of suitable red soil " auspicious safe 1 ", " and it is auspicious it is safe 2 " " Guangdong oil 13 " and " boat spends No. 2 " four strains, this four strains
Yield, quality and disease resistance are more excellent to locality control kind " Yueyou 256 ".
The present embodiment step（3）Seed coat agent processing is based on following result of the test before middle seed is broadcast：
Table 3：Prevention effect of the different chemical agents to red soil peanut soil-borne disease
| Kind | The bacterial wilt incidence of disease（%） | The root rot incidence of disease（%） |
| Bright shield | 2.5 | 3.1 |
| Sharp victory | 3.2 | 2.6 |
| Bright shield+sharp victory | 0 | 0 |
| Carbendazim | 16.3 | 19.3 |
| Do not handle（CK） | 56 | 52 |
" Yueyou 256 " that the kind that the present embodiment experiment is used is planted for large area, various medicaments are carried out by operation instructions
Operation, result of the test shows：Bright shield or sharp victory, which is used alone, can significantly control continuous cropping Red soil bacterial wilt of peanut and root rot,
If bright shield and sharp victory are mixed together, the generation of continuous cropping Red soil bacterial wilt of peanut and root rot can be controlled completely.
The general principle and principal character and advantages of the present invention of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification is originally
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of cultivation technique for improving red soil peanut yield, it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps：(1) standard in arable land
It is standby：Operate according to a conventional method, deep ploughing is carried out as far as possible and is loosened the soil, increases the porosity of soil, every mu of base manure applies farmyard manure 1000kg
, calcium superphosphate 255 kg, pulverized limestone 525kg and magnesium sulfate 15kg；
(2) high yield, the selection of disease-resistant peanut varieties；
(3) seed coat agent processing before seed is broadcast：Bright shield 10ml is mixed with sharp victory 10g, plus 100ml water, 2.5kg seeds are wrapped, are filled
Divide and mix thoroughly, the seed cool place that medicine film is uniformly attached to the surface of the seed coating is done standby；
(4) sow, using Mechanization sowing, duplicate rows, 6 × 5 cun of seeding row spacing, double grains, every mu 18000 to 20000 seedling；It is after planting every
Mu removed in seed furrow apply 5% Terbufos 2.5kg, ant proof and subterranean pest-insect；After earthing, every mu of furrow face with 72% all you
The 120 ml 75kg that add water spray weeding；
(5) after emerging, biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer is sprayed respectively in seedling stage and florescence, and first beneficial agricultural middle school amount is sprayed in the later stage of blooming
Element fertilizer 5kg/ mus of borax of mixing.
2. a kind of cultivation technique for improving red soil peanut yield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
Suddenly (2) are from the peanut varieties " auspicious safe No. 1 " of high yield resistance to bacterial wilt, " auspicious safe No. 2 ", " Guangdong oil 7 " and " boat spends No. 2 "；Using
Mechanical descaling, it is selected full, standby without the seed gone mouldy.
3. a kind of cultivation technique for improving red soil peanut yield according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
Suddenly each 500g of every mu of the biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer of (5), to water 50kg, spraying concentration is 1%.
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| CN201710456522.6A CN107295870A (en) | 2017-06-16 | 2017-06-16 | A kind of cultivation technique for improving red soil peanut yield |
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| CN201710456522.6A CN107295870A (en) | 2017-06-16 | 2017-06-16 | A kind of cultivation technique for improving red soil peanut yield |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109601297A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2019-04-12 | 先正达参股股份有限公司 | The method for preventing Codonopsis's plant root rot |
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| CN104641853A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-05-27 | 邵艳艳 | High-yield peanut cultivation technology in Jiaodong region |
| CN105027935A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-11 | 新疆玉维鲜农业科技中心 | Peanut high-yield cultivation method |
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| KR20170064310A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-06-09 | 농업회사법인 주식회사 한울타리 | Method for cuitivating peanut sprout and system for the same |
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2017
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Patent Citations (5)
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| CN104641853A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-05-27 | 邵艳艳 | High-yield peanut cultivation technology in Jiaodong region |
| CN105027935A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-11-11 | 新疆玉维鲜农业科技中心 | Peanut high-yield cultivation method |
| KR20170064310A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-06-09 | 농업회사법인 주식회사 한울타리 | Method for cuitivating peanut sprout and system for the same |
| CN106717930A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-31 | 重庆珞优农业科技有限公司 | One high yield cultivating method cultivated peanut |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 冼华章等: "红壤土花生施用镁肥的效应", 《土壤肥料科学》 * |
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| CN109601297A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2019-04-12 | 先正达参股股份有限公司 | The method for preventing Codonopsis's plant root rot |
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