CN109287391B - Fertilizing method for planting edible sunflower in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for planting edible sunflower in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizing method for planting edible sunflower in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil. The invention provides a fertilizing method for planting edible sunflower in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: (1) seed dressing: soaking edible sunflower seeds in a vitamin B6-containing aqueous solution, airing and sowing; (2) applying a base fertilizer: applying 3000 kg-4000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu, N: p2O5：K2The mass ratio of O is 9.2-13.8: 4.8-6.0: 1.5-2.5; and supplementing trace element fertilizer zinc fertilizer as base fertilizer, wherein zinc sulfate is 1.5 kg-2 kg/mu; (3) topdressing: topdressing is carried out in the bud stage of sunflower eating, wherein the topdressing is mainly carried out on nitrogen fertilizer, and 50 percent of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as topdressing; when the effective boron content of the soil is lower than 0.4mg/kg, 0.1-0.2% borax water solution is sprayed on the leaves. The formulated fertilization method is formulated according to the type characteristics of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil and the growth and development characteristics of the edible sunflower in the river-sleeve irrigation area, and is suitable for planting the edible sunflower in the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil in the river-sleeve irrigation area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil improvement, in particular to a fertilizing method for planting edible sunflower in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil.
Background
The inner Mongolia river-sleeve irrigation area is one of the largest yellow river water diversion irrigation areas in China and is also an important commercial grain and oil base in China. The saline-alkali soil of the river-sleeve irrigation area is seriously salinized, the saline-alkali soil area of the whole area is about 464 ten thousand mu, wherein the moderate salinization area (the salt content of a plough layer is 4.0-6.0 g/kg, the same applies below) is 114.4 ten thousand mu, and accounts for 31.94%; the salinization area of the severe (the salt content of a plough layer is 6.0-10.0 g/kg, the same applies below) is 54.57 ten thousand mu, and the salinization area accounts for 5.23 percent of the total salinization area. At present, soil salinization becomes one of the main problems for restricting ecological environment construction and agricultural sustainable development of river-cover irrigation areas. In recent years, the underground water level in local areas rises and soil salinization tends to be aggravated due to the reasons of unmatched irrigation and drainage projects, unsmooth drainage, unreasonable land utilization and the like. At present, the salinization area in the farmland of the river-cover irrigation area is expanded from one third to one half of the original salinization area, and the salinization area gradually becomes a bottleneck problem for restricting the yield increase of local crops and the income increase of farmers. The edible sunflower is one of main crops in the river-sleeve irrigation area, and is a supporting industry of the economic income of farmers in the river-sleeve irrigation area. The salt tolerance of the edible sunflower is strong, and the potential of fully excavating saline-alkali soil in the river-sleeve irrigation area to plant the edible sunflower is a practical, feasible and reliable way.
In a modern agricultural production system, fertilization for providing proper amount of nutrients for crops is one of the basic measures for increasing the yield and improving the quality, and the contribution rate of the fertilization to the crop yield is more than 30%. The fertilization technology is also one of the core technologies for planting the edible sunflower in the saline-alkali soil of the river-sleeve irrigation area. However, for a long time, the planting of the edible sunflower in the saline-alkali soil of the river-intercalary irrigation area has no special fertilization technology, farmers only fertilize by experience, and the unreasonable phenomena of 'heavy fertilizer, light organic fertilizer, heavy nitrogen fertilizer, light phosphorus potassium fertilizer, heavy base fertilizer and no additional fertilizer' are often caused by adopting the traditional fertilization method basically the same as the non-saline-alkali soil. In recent years, local popularization departments also put forward the formulated fertilization method of the edible sunflower on saline-alkali soil, but the effect is not obvious, and the conventional formulated fertilization method still has a plurality of problems: firstly, the application amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer is too large, and the input of potassium fertilizer is insufficient; secondly, the fertilizing method is unreasonable, the fertilizer is fully used as base fertilizer and is applied at one time, and the requirement of the crops on the fertilizer in the later period cannot be met; the fertilizer application quantity, the fertilizer application period and the fertilizer application method are unreasonable, and the conventional method is used to shallow application or surface application, so that the fertilizer is easy to volatilize and run off or is difficult to reach the root of the crops, the fertilizer is not easy to be absorbed by the crops, and the fertilizer utilization rate is low; and fourthly, classification guidance is lacked, the fertilization methods of different types of saline-alkali soil are almost the same, and the further improvement of the yield of the edible sunflower in the saline-alkali soil is limited. In general, the existing saline-alkali soil formulated fertilization method is difficult to meet the requirements of cost saving and efficiency improvement in saline-alkali soil planting in the river-sleeve irrigation area, so that the establishment of a new saline-alkali soil dietary sunflower formulated fertilization method is very important according to the saline-alkali type condition of the river-sleeve irrigation area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the dosage of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium are too large, the type of phosphate fertilizer is unreasonable, potassium fertilizer is generally not used, the yield and quality of edible sunflower are reduced due to unbalanced nutrients, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is low, and the later-stage growth fertilizer efficiency is insufficient due to the fact that a primary bottom fertilizer is mainly used locally, and the like in the severe saline-alkali soil edible sunflower planting in an inner Mongolia river sleeve irrigation area.
The formulated fertilization method is formulated according to the type characteristics and growth and development characteristics of the edible sunflower in the severe saline-alkali soil in the river-sleeve irrigation area, and is suitable for planting the edible sunflower in the severe saline-alkali soil (the saline content is more than 0.4%, namely the saline-alkali soil with the salt content of a plough layer of 4.0-10.0 g/kg) in the river-sleeve irrigation area.
The reasonable formula fertilization method is simply to scientifically determine the nutrient proportion, fertilization type, quantity, fertilization time and method. On the basis of balancing crop nutrient demand and supply, the combination of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers is maintained, macroelements and medium and trace elements are maintained, base fertilizers and additional fertilizers are maintained, and the fertilizer formula, the fertilizer dosage, the fertilizer type, the reasonable fertilization method and the like are determined according to the comprehensive factors of soil type, fertilizer property, crop nutritional characteristics, fertilizer resources and the like under the principle of the combination of the maintained fertilization and other agricultural measures.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a fertilizing method for planting edible sunflower in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil.
The invention provides a fertilizing method for planting edible sunflower in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seed dressing: soaking edible sunflower seeds in a vitamin B6-containing aqueous solution, airing and sowing;
(2) applying a base fertilizer: applying the fertilizer per mu3000 kg-4000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, wherein phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are all used as base fertilizer to be applied at one time, nitrogen fertilizer is applied twice, and 50% of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer before sowing sunflower; n: p2O5：K2The mass ratio of O is 9.2-13.8: 4.8-6.0: 1.5-2.5; and supplementing a trace element fertilizer, namely zinc fertilizer, as a base fertilizer, wherein zinc sulfate is 1.5-2 kg/mu;
(3) topdressing: topdressing is carried out at the bud stage of the edible sunflower, fertilizer is applied to the side of the film at a distance of 8-10 cm from the root system of the edible sunflower, the fertilizing depth is 10-12 cm, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied, and 50% of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as topdressing; when the effective boron content of the soil is lower than 0.4mg/kg, the borax water solution with the mass percent of 0.1-0.2% is sprayed on the leaves.
The concentration of the vitamin B6 aqueous solution in the step (1) is 400 mg/L-600 mg/L.
The step (1) of soaking the edible sunflower seeds in the vitamin B6 aqueous solution is to soak the edible sunflower seeds for 6 to 8 hours at the water temperature of 18 ℃, and then to take out the seeds and dry the seeds to 7 days, thus sowing the seeds; if germination accelerating is needed, the soaked seeds are fished out and placed in a plastic bag, the plastic bag is placed in a greenhouse and stacked overnight, and when part of the seeds begin to appear white, most of the seeds begin to sprout and can be sown.
The decomposed farmyard manure in the step (2) is used by the following steps: the farmyard manure is scattered on the ground surface before the first autumn land plowing or spring sowing and then plowed into a plowing layer, or the farmyard manure is applied into a furrow by adopting strip application during the land plowing before sowing.
And (3) applying the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer which are all used as base fertilizers in the step (2) together when the land is leveled and the film is covered in spring.
The dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is as follows: reference amount P using a single chemical fertilizer2O540 kg/mu to 50 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate with the content of 12 percent is completely used as base fertilizer.
The dosage of the potash fertilizer is as follows: reference dosage K using a single chemical fertilizer2The O content is 3 kg/mu-5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate with 50 percent, and the potassium sulfate is completely used as base fertilizer.
The nitrogen fertilizer dosage is as follows: 20 kg/mu-30 kg/mu of urea with the nitrogen content of 46 percent is adopted as the reference dosage of a single chemical fertilizer, wherein 50 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and 50 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as an additional fertilizer.
And (3) spraying the borax water solution for 1 time respectively 15 days before flowering and at the beginning of flowering.
The formula fertilization method is combined with measures of deep ploughing, straw returning and fertilization, salt washing in autumn, soil moisture filling in spring irrigation and the like, after okra is harvested every year, the okra straws are smashed and returned to the field to 20-30 cm deep to cultivate and fertilize soil fertility, and then measures of autumn irrigation, spring irrigation and the like mainly play roles in salt washing, salt inhibition, water storage and soil moisture supply, seedling preservation and growth promotion.
The formulated fertilization method is suitable for planting the edible sunflower in the severe saline-alkali soil in the river-crossing irrigation area, the corresponding edible sunflower yield level (target) is 150-200 kg/mu, and if the yield level or the target is improved, the using amount of the fertilizer needs to be correspondingly increased. In the specific application process, the following six problems should be noted: (1) the method is characterized in that the edible sunflower is planted in the severe saline-alkali soil in the river-sleeve irrigation area, the fertilizer can not completely replace the organic fertilizer, the fertilizer application method and the organic fertilizer application are not contradictory, and the application can be mutually promoted when the fertilizer application method and the organic fertilizer application are matched, so that the organic fertilizer is greatly increased for the base fertilizer of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil, and the application of 3000-plus-4000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu of the edible sunflower field is promoted; (2) aiming at the fact that the content of organic matters in the severe saline-alkali soil in the river-sleeve irrigation area is generally not high, not only is more application of organic fertilizers advocated, but also smashing and returning of sunflower straws advocated, and the method is also a matched measure of the economic fertilization method; (3) when a single chemical fertilizer is not easy to purchase, a compound fertilizer with similar element proportion can be applied, but a chlorine-containing fertilizer cannot be applied, and the chlorine brought into the soil is increased by applying the chlorine-containing fertilizer into the saline-alkali soil, so that the salt damage is aggravated and the crop growth is not facilitated; (4) the proportion and the dosage of N, P, K three fertilizers are specified by the formula fertilization method, the method does not mean that the three fertilizers are only needed for planting the edible sunflower in the saline-alkali soil of the river irrigation area, trace element fertilizers are also needed to be applied according to the situation, and foliar fertilization can be combined when necessary, such as boron-containing aqueous solution and the like; (5) the formula fertilization method should be combined with other agricultural measures, such as deep ploughing, land leveling, reasonable irrigation and the like.
Compared with the traditional formula fertilization method, the invention mainly has three breakthroughs: (1) using aqueous solution (400-600 mg/L) containing vitamin B6) The soaked edible sunflower seeds can promote the eating of the root systems of the edible sunflower by the vitamin B6, thereby increasing the stress resistance of the edible sunflower. (2) The fertilizer is applied according to the saline-alkali degree of the sunflower-eating field, the fertilizer using amount, the proportion and the application method are formulated, the nitrogen fertilizer using amount is reduced, locally commonly applied diammonium hydrogen phosphate is changed into calcium superphosphate which has great influence on the improvement of moderate and severe saline-alkali soil and the growth of sunflower, the potassium fertilizer and the trace element zinc fertilizer are supplemented, and compared with the traditional formula fertilizing method, the fertilizer has pertinence and economic benefit, and the Na content of soil is reduced+/Ca2+The ratio improves the soil structure; (3) the fertilizer is applied to the rhizosphere, and the soil is deeply applied, so that the fertilizer loss and volatilization are reduced, and the fertilizer utilization rate is improved; the nitrogen fertilizer is applied twice, the top dressing is deeply applied to the side of the film, and the soil is covered after the application, so that the requirement of the crops on the fertilizer in the later period can be met, and the direct application of the fertilizer to the rhizosphere to cause root burning can be avoided.
Detailed Description
The vitamin B6, the calcium superphosphate, the potassium sulfate, the zinc sulfate, the urea, the borax and the diammonium phosphate in the invention are all commercially available products.
Example 1 fertilizing method for planting edible sunflower in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil
The formulated fertilization method for planting the edible sunflower in the saline-alkali soil of the river-sleeve irrigation area of the embodiment is rhizosphere fertilization; and (4) carrying out operation fertilization according to the saline-alkali type of the sunflower-eating field, and applying sufficient base fertilizer and top dressing in a moderate and severe saline-alkali soil in a suitable period.
A fertilizing method for planting edible sunflower in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) seed dressing: soaking edible sunflower seeds in a vitamin B6 aqueous solution with the concentration of 400mg/L for 6 hours at the temperature of 18 ℃, taking out and airing to 7 days to be dry, and sowing seeds;
the preparation method of the vitamin B6 aqueous solution comprises the following steps: weighing 400mg of vitamin B6, and diluting to 1L with purified water to obtain 400mg/L vitamin B6 water solution.
(2) Applying a base fertilizer: 3000kg of decomposed farmyard manure is applied to each mu; the application method of the decomposed farmyard manure comprises the following steps: the farmyard manure is scattered on the ground surface before the first autumn land plowing or spring sowing and then plowed into a plowing layer, or the farmyard manure is applied into a furrow by adopting strip application during the land plowing before sowing.
The nitrogen fertilizer is applied twice, 50 percent of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer before the sunflower-eating seeding, and the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are all applied as base fertilizers for one time; n: p2O5：K2The mass ratio of O is 9.2:4.8: 1.5; and supplementing trace element fertilizer zinc fertilizer as base fertilizer, wherein zinc sulfate is 1.5 kg/mu;
the phosphate fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer are all used as base fertilizers and are applied at one time, the base fertilizers are applied in strips when the base fertilizers are mechanically paved, a groove with the depth of about 8-10 cm is firstly opened, the uniformly mixed nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are applied in the groove in strips, and the base fertilizers are mechanically covered with soil and covered with films.
Fertilizing amount:
the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is as follows: reference amount P using a single chemical fertilizer2O540 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate with the content of 12 percent is completely used as base fertilizer.
The dosage of the potash fertilizer is as follows: reference dosage K using a single chemical fertilizer2The O content is 3 kg/mu of potassium sulfate with 50 percent, and the potassium sulfate is completely used as base fertilizer.
The nitrogen fertilizer dosage is as follows: the reference dosage of the single chemical fertilizer, namely 20 kg/mu of urea with the nitrogen content of 46 percent, is adopted, wherein 50 percent of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and 50 percent of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer.
(3) Topdressing: topdressing is carried out in the bud stage of the edible sunflower, fertilizer is applied to the side of the film, which is 8-10 cm away from the root system of the edible sunflower, the fertilizing depth is 10-12 cm, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied, and 50% of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as topdressing; and (3) timely supplementing the trace element foliar fertilizer before and after the flowering period, and spraying the leaves with 0.1% borax water solution when the effective boron content of the soil is lower than 0.4mg/kg soil.
Secondly, the application of the fertilizing method of the invention
To illustrate the positive effects of the present invention, the following further illustrates the application effects of the present invention based on the results of the inventor's series of studies and measurements over the years and the comparison of the present invention with the conventional fertilization method.
The application effect of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil malvas eating formula fertilization method in the saline-alkali soil of the river-sleeve irrigation area is as follows: a fertilization test is carried out on a 40-mu moderate-severe saline-alkali soil sunflower eating field in Meifengcun of Shangxiang county, Wuyuan county, inner Mongolia in 2012, and the soil of the field has the salt content of 0.64 percent (namely, the salt content of a plough layer is 6.4g/kg), the organic matter content is 0.85g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 89mg/kg, the available phosphorus content is 11.2mg/kg, and the available potassium content is 126 mg/kg. Ploughing in 28 days in 4 months, irrigating in 10 days in 5 months, sowing in 25 days in 5 months, fertilizing before sowing, and covering with film. Wherein, the traditional fertilization method is still adopted for 10 mu (the traditional fertilization method specifically comprises the steps of not applying organic fertilizers, completely applying nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers as base fertilizers, wherein 25 kg/mu of urea and 20 kg/mu of diammonium hydrogen phosphate are completely applied before spring sowing, not applying potassium fertilizers, and not additionally applying fertilizers at the later stage), and the other 30 mu is adopted by the fertilization method with the formula. Statistics on yield results, fertilizer saving effects and benefits show that (table 1), compared with the traditional formula fertilization method, the formula fertilization method comprises the following steps: the flower disc is increased by 7.4% in medium and heavy saline-alkali land per mu, the average yield is increased by 23.3%, and the benefit is increased by 300 yuan per mu. The formula fertilization method has the effect of remarkably improving the planting benefit of the edible sunflower.
Table 1 formula fertilization method for increasing yield and income in severe saline-alkali soil sunflower planting in river-sleeve irrigation area
The test variety is edible sunflower LD5009 (purchased from agricultural capital large market in Wuyuan county), and the market acquisition price of the sunflower seeds is 8 yuan/kg. N, P, K, calculating the zinc fertilizer according to the actual purchase price: 2 yuan/kg of urea, 3.6 yuan/kg of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8 yuan/kg of calcium superphosphate, 4 yuan/kg of potassium sulfate and 4.0 yuan/kg of zinc sulfate.
Example 2 fertilizing method for planting edible sunflower in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil
The formulated fertilization method for planting the edible sunflower in the saline-alkali soil of the river-sleeve irrigation area of the embodiment is rhizosphere fertilization; and (4) carrying out operation fertilization according to the saline-alkali type of the sunflower-eating field, and applying sufficient base fertilizer and top dressing in a moderate and severe saline-alkali soil in a suitable period.
A fertilizing method for planting edible sunflower in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) seed dressing: soaking edible sunflower seeds in 600mg/L vitamin B6 water solution at 18 deg.C for 8 hr, taking out, and air drying to 7 days;
the preparation method of the vitamin B6 aqueous solution comprises the following steps: weighing 600mg of vitamin B6, and diluting to a constant volume of 1L with purified water to obtain a vitamin B6 water solution with the concentration of 400 mg/L.
(2) Applying a base fertilizer: applying 4000kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu; the application method of the decomposed farmyard manure comprises the following steps: the farmyard manure is scattered on the ground surface before the first autumn land plowing or spring sowing and then plowed into a plowing layer, or the farmyard manure is applied into a furrow by adopting strip application during the land plowing before sowing.
The nitrogen fertilizer is applied twice, 50 percent of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer before the sunflower-eating seeding, and the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are all applied as base fertilizers for one time; n: p2O5：K2The mass ratio of O is 13.8:6.0: 2.5; and supplementing trace element fertilizer zinc fertilizer as base fertilizer, wherein zinc sulfate is 2 kg/mu;
the phosphate fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer are all used as base fertilizers and are applied at one time, the base fertilizers are applied in strips when the base fertilizers are mechanically paved, a groove with the depth of about 8-10 cm is firstly opened, the uniformly mixed nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and zinc fertilizer are applied in the groove in strips, and the base fertilizers are mechanically covered with soil and covered with films.
Fertilizing amount:
the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is as follows: reference amount P using a single chemical fertilizer2O550 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate with the content of 12 percent is completely used as base fertilizer.
The dosage of the potash fertilizer is as follows: reference dosage K using a single chemical fertilizer2The O content is 5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate with 50 percent, and the potassium sulfate is completely used as base fertilizer.
The nitrogen fertilizer dosage is as follows: 30 kg/mu of urea with the reference dosage of nitrogen of 46 percent is adopted for single chemical fertilizer, wherein 50 percent of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, and 50 percent is used as additional fertilizer.
(3) Topdressing: topdressing is carried out in the bud stage of the edible sunflower, fertilizer is applied to the side of the film, which is 8-10 cm away from the root system of the edible sunflower, the fertilizing depth is 10-12 cm, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied, and 50% of the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as topdressing; and (3) timely supplementing the trace element foliar fertilizer before and after the flowering period, and spraying the leaves with 0.2% borax water solution when the effective boron content of the soil is lower than 0.4mg/kg soil.
Secondly, the application of the fertilizing method of the invention
To illustrate the positive effects of the present invention, the following further illustrates the application effects of the present invention based on the results of the inventor's series of studies and measurements over the years and the comparison of the present invention with the conventional fertilization method.
The application effect of the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil malvas eating formula fertilization method in the saline-alkali soil of the river-sleeve irrigation area is as follows: a fertilization test is carried out on a 40-mu moderate-severe saline-alkali soil sunflower eating field in Meifengcun of Shangxiang county, Wuyuan county, inner Mongolia in 2012, and the soil of the field has the salt content of 0.64 percent (namely, the salt content of a plough layer is 6.4g/kg), the organic matter content is 0.85g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 89mg/kg, the available phosphorus content is 11.2mg/kg, and the available potassium content is 126 mg/kg. Ploughing in 28 days in 4 months, irrigating in 10 days in 5 months, sowing in 25 days in 5 months, fertilizing before sowing, and covering with film. Wherein, the traditional fertilization method is still adopted for 10 mu (the traditional fertilization method specifically comprises the steps of not applying organic fertilizers, completely applying nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers as base fertilizers, wherein 25 kg/mu of urea and 20 kg/mu of diammonium hydrogen phosphate are completely applied before spring sowing, not applying potassium fertilizers, and not additionally applying fertilizers at the later stage), and the other 30 mu is adopted by the fertilization method with the formula. Statistics on yield results, fertilizer saving effects and benefits show that (table 2), compared with the traditional formula fertilization method, the formula fertilization method comprises the following steps: the flower disc is increased by 9.4 percent in medium and heavy saline-alkali land per mu, the average yield is increased by 29.4 percent, and the benefit per mu is increased by 379.2 yuan. The formula fertilization method has the effect of remarkably improving the planting benefit of the edible sunflower.
Table 2 yield and income increasing effect of formulated fertilization method on planting of malvastrum esculentum in severe saline-alkali soil in river-sleeve irrigation area
The test variety is edible sunflower LD5009 (purchased from agricultural capital large market in Wuyuan county), and the market acquisition price of the sunflower seeds is 8 yuan/kg. N, P, K, calculating the zinc fertilizer according to the actual purchase price: 2 yuan/kg of urea, 3.6 yuan/kg of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 0.8 yuan/kg of calcium superphosphate, 4 yuan/kg of potassium sulfate and 4.0 yuan/kg of zinc sulfate.
Claims (8)
1. The fertilizing method for planting the edible sunflower in the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) seed dressing: soaking edible sunflower seeds in a vitamin B6-containing aqueous solution, airing and sowing;
(2) applying a base fertilizer: 3000 kg-4000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure is applied to each mu, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are all applied as base fertilizer at one time, nitrogen fertilizer is applied twice, and 50% of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer before sowing sunflower; n: p2O5：K2The mass ratio of O is 9.2-13.8: 4.8-6.0: 1.5-2.5; and supplementing a trace element fertilizer, namely zinc fertilizer, as a base fertilizer, wherein zinc sulfate is 1.5-2 kg/mu;
(3) topdressing: topdressing is carried out at the bud stage of the edible sunflower, fertilizer is applied to the side of the film at a distance of 8-10 cm from the root system of the edible sunflower, the fertilizing depth is 10-12 cm, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied, and 50% of the total mass of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as topdressing; when the effective boron content of the soil is lower than 0.4mg/kg, spraying a borax water solution with the mass percent of 0.1-0.2% on the leaves;
the concentration of the vitamin B6 aqueous solution in the step (1) is 400 mg/L-600 mg/L;
the moderate and severe saline-alkali soil is saline-alkali soil with salt content of 4.0-10.0 g/kg in a plough layer of an inner Mongolia river sleeve irrigation area.
2. The fertilizing method for planting malvastrum indicum in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the decomposed farmyard manure in the step (2) is used by the following steps: the farmyard manure is scattered on the ground surface before the first autumn land plowing or spring sowing and then plowed into a plowing layer, or the farmyard manure is applied into a furrow by adopting strip application during the land plowing before sowing.
3. The fertilizing method for planting malvastrum indicum in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that:
and (3) applying the phosphate fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer which are all used as base fertilizers in the step (2) together when the land is leveled and the film is covered in spring.
4. The fertilizing method for planting malvastrum indicum in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is as follows: reference amount P using a single chemical fertilizer2O540-50 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate with the content of 12 percent is used for allUsed as base fertilizer.
5. The fertilizing method for planting malvastrum indicum in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the dosage of the potash fertilizer is as follows: reference dosage K using a single chemical fertilizer2The O content is 3 kg/mu-5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate with 50 percent, and the potassium sulfate is completely used as base fertilizer.
6. The fertilizing method for planting malvastrum indicum in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the nitrogen fertilizer dosage is as follows: 20 kg/mu-30 kg/mu of urea with the nitrogen content of 46 percent is adopted as the reference dosage of a single chemical fertilizer, wherein 50 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and 50 percent of the nitrogen fertilizer is used as an additional fertilizer.
7. The fertilizing method for planting malvastrum indicum in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) spraying the borax water solution for 1 time respectively 15 days before flowering and at the beginning of flowering.
8. The fertilizing method for planting malvastrum indicum in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the edible sunflower seeds are soaked in the vitamin B6 water solution for 6-8 hours at the water temperature of 18 ℃.
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