CN107360841A - A kind of method in salt-soda soil plantation sunflower - Google Patents
A kind of method in salt-soda soil plantation sunflower Download PDFInfo
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- CN107360841A CN107360841A CN201710713792.0A CN201710713792A CN107360841A CN 107360841 A CN107360841 A CN 107360841A CN 201710713792 A CN201710713792 A CN 201710713792A CN 107360841 A CN107360841 A CN 107360841A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method in salt-soda soil plantation sunflower, this method comprises the following steps:When selecting salt-soda soil, should select within soil salt content 0.2% 0.4%;Treat and broadcast salt-soda soil progress Seal treatment;Selection saline-alkali tolerance is stronger, and well developed root system is not easy the Sunflower Varieties to lodge;Planting after plastic covered;Spring sowing was sowed before June 10;Miao Shui is after planting oozed in time;Timely final singling intertillage;Florescence supple-mentary pollination.The sunflower normal growth on salt-soda soil, normal mature can be made using the method for the present invention, and obtain of a relatively high yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, is related to a kind of method in salt-soda soil plantation sunflower.
Background technology
Salt-soda soil agricultural production efficiency is low-down, and it is primarily due to soil alkaline to the stress of crop in very great Cheng
The yield of crop is limited on degree.Salt-soda soil causes soil permeability formula very low, plants crop nutrition adjustment disequilibrium thereon,
Normal growing process is suppressed, and this abiotic stress has a strong impact on plant growth and hair on physiology and biological level
Exhibition.There are the largely middle-and-low-yielding fields as caused by saline and alkaline in China at present, and saline and alkaline characteristic determines that long-term cropping grows on salt-soda soil
It is difficult, it is not easy to obtain higher yield, find a kind of method or technique, salt affected soil can be improved or can be improved saline and alkaline
The yield of ground crop is just continually striving to ground target as people.A very long time, the continuous exploration and practice of people, in the hope of finding
Salt-soda soil experience is improved, improve yield of the crop on salt-soda soil, it has been found that some good methods and way.Sunflower is claimed
To be the pioneer crop in salt-soda soil, for some other crops, saline and alkaline tolerance is relatively good, but although this
Sample, it is also highly difficult that sunflower, which wants to obtain high yield on salt-soda soil,.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method in salt-soda soil plantation sunflower.Can using the method for the present invention
Make the sunflower normal growth on salt-soda soil, normal mature, and obtain of a relatively high yield.Main principle is:Using suitable
When earth's surface thing covering, reduce evaporation from topsoil, and then reduce earth's surface salinity accumulation;Increase root system of plant, increase absorbs
Area, increase edaphon content, reduce the acid base imbalance degree in salt-soda soil;Applying organic manure and calcium superphosphate etc. are improved
Soil texture, neutralize alkalescence etc..The methods and techniques of this salt-soda soil plantation sunflower, can improve salt affected soil, control soil
Ground salination, and can enough improve saline and alkaline fertility, and increase is economical, ecological and social benefit.
Its concrete technical scheme is:
A kind of method in salt-soda soil plantation sunflower, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, when selecting salt-soda soil, should select within soil salt content 0.2%-0.4%, physical features drop is little, fertilizer
The more uniform soil of power.Broad irrigation, desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching pressure alkali, after water row's clean soil in ground closes moisture in the soil, with every are first used before sowing
Mu ground 8m3-10m3Amount organic fertilizer, while apply calcium superphosphate 30kg-40kg, potassium sulfate 8kg-10kg, then plough deeply ground
20cm-25cm;
Step 2, treat and broadcast salt-soda soil progress Seal treatment, with Acetochlor 120ml-150ml/667m2Or gold all that 80ml/
667m2The spraying for carrying out herbicide is watered, shallow-layer is raked the soil level mixed soil in time after spray, earth's surface is then cut rake formed with medicine layer, and
Prepare planting after plastic covered after the 5d-7d of interval;
Step 3, selection saline-alkali tolerance are stronger, and well developed root system is not easy the Sunflower Varieties to lodge;
Step 4, planting after plastic covered, making overlay film with planter, drip irrigation zone uses one with sowing and laying drip irrigation zone while carry out
The mode of the band of film one, is located at the centre of film, and two drip irrigation zone spacing are 1.1m-1.2m;Film side 0.1m firmings, mulch film are tensed and buried
It is real, while film presses one of waist soil per 2m-3m with windproof eardrum over long distances;
Step 5, spring sowing were sowed before June 10;
Step 6, Miao Shui is after planting oozed in time, emergence water uses secondary drop method, i.e. the seeding stage is dripped twice;Treat out
After seedling is restrained the growth of seedlings, and promotes root growth.Timely water dropper water after buddingging, drips off second of water of 10d drops after a water, in combination with work as
When growing state top dressing is instilled in the lump;
Step 7, timely final singling intertillage, final singling when 2-3 is to needle, while combine real in intermembranous carry out intertillage operation, intertillage
Border situation is deep-controlled in 10cm-20cm, and last time intertillage is combined before buddingging in intermembranous carry out ditching operation;
Step 8, florescence supple-mentary pollination, contact with each other meeting and discussing in florescence to adjacent floral disc, or utilize powder pa
Carry out artificial supplementary pollination.
Further, in step 4, in planting after plastic covered, mulch film is from the black film that width is 70cm.
Further, in step 6, top dressing is per 667m2Apply Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5kg-8kg, urea 8kg-10kg.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:
The flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, by the flood of flood irrigation the salinity in soil can fully dissolved, then water is discharged again, so as to band
Walk to dissolve the salinity in water, reduce the salt content of soil.The salinity in salt-soda soil is mainly the Wo Menli from underground reverse osmosis to earth's surface
Earth's surface is covered with the mulch film of black, reduces the evaporation of salt-soda soil surface water, so as to reduce from underground to earth's surface
Salt accumulation.The base manure such as organic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate not only can sweetening of the soil salt and alkali component, it is saturating to improve salt-soda soil ventilation
Aqueous condition, while and can is that sunflower emerges and seedling growth etc. provides sufficient nutriment, reaches that emergence is fast, neat, robust seedling
Effect." the secondary drop method " of emergence water is in subenvironment of the root growth initial stage to one weak base of seedling, is advantageous to emerge
The growth of the root of phase.Kind saline-alkali tolerance is strong, well developed root system, can increase the water absorbing capacity of plant, while can also increase soil
Microorganism and the quantity of flora, relax the disequilibrium of soil salinity and alkalinity.Ditched, be not only able to reference to last time intertillage
Earthed up to plant, reduce lodging rate, and can is enough to utilize the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching pressure alkali that irrigates through furrow.Last supple-mentary pollination can improve the knot of sunflower
Real rate, increase yield.The methods and techniques of this salt-soda soil plantation sunflower, are not only able to improve salt affected soil, control soil
Salination, soil salt content is reduced, while and can improves salt-soda soil productivity by these measures, makes planting household increasing both production and income,
Finally reach the win-win of economic, ecology and social benefit.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described in more detail with reference to specific embodiment.
A kind of method in salt-soda soil plantation sunflower, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, when selecting salt-soda soil, should select within soil salt content 0.2%-0.4%, physical features drop is little, fertilizer
The more uniform soil of power.Broad irrigation, desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching pressure alkali, after water row's clean soil in ground closes moisture in the soil, with every are first used before sowing
Mu ground 8m3-10m3Amount organic fertilizer, while apply calcium superphosphate 30kg-40kg, potassium sulfate 8kg-10kg, then plough deeply 20cm-
25cm, upper layer of soil salt content can be mitigated by ploughing deeply, and soil hollow billet can be cut off again and reduce soil evaporation, control the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil;
Step 2, treat and broadcast salt-soda soil progress Seal treatment, with Acetochlor 120ml-150ml/667m2Or gold all that 80ml/
667m2The spraying for carrying out herbicide is watered, shallow-layer is raked the soil level mixed soil in time after spray, earth's surface is then cut rake formed with medicine layer, and
Prepare planting after plastic covered after the 5d-7d of interval;
Step 3, selection saline-alkali tolerance are stronger, and well developed root system is not easy the Sunflower Varieties to lodge, and powerful root system can increase
The water absorbing capacity of big plant, while the quantity of edaphon and flora can also be increased, relax the disequilibrium of soil salinity and alkalinity;
Step 4, planting after plastic covered, mulch film make overlay film be dripped with sowing and laying from the black film that width is 70cm with planter
Fill band to carry out simultaneously, drip irrigation zone is located at the centre of film by the way of the band of a film one, and two drip irrigation zone spacing are 1.1m-1.2m;
Film side 0.1m firmings, mulch film, which tenses, buries reality, while presses one of waist soil over long distances per 2m-3m with windproof eardrum;
Step 5, appropriate evening are broadcast, and sow in spring in the case where accumulated temperature allows and are sowed before June 10;Appropriate evening, which is broadcast, to be made
Florescence avoids high temperature and rainy, mitigates the adverse effect of high temperature and rainwater to pollination, while appropriate evening is broadcast and can also mitigated
Later stage pest and disease damage endangers, and is advantageous to sunflower and obtains high yield.
Step 6, Miao Shui is after planting oozed in time, emergence water uses secondary drop method, i.e. the seeding stage is dripped twice, twice
The growth of seeding stage root can be advantageous to seedling in the subenvironment of root growth one weak base at initial stage by dripping.Wait to emerge laggard
Row restraining the growth of seedlings, promotes root growth.Timely water dropper water after buddingging, second of water of 10d or so drops after a water is dripped off, in combination with that time
Growing state top dressing is instilled in the lump, top dressing is per 667m2Apply Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5kg-8kg, urea 8kg-10kg;
Step 7, timely final singling intertillage, final singling when 2-3 is to needle, while combine real in intermembranous carry out intertillage operation, intertillage
Border situation is deep-controlled in 10cm-20cm, last time intertillage is combined before buddingging in intermembranous carry out ditching operation, trench digging can be right
Plant carries out ridging and mitigates lodging, is advantageous to mid-term combination pressure alkali again and carries out flood furrow irrigation;
Step 8, florescence supple-mentary pollination, contact with each other meeting and discussing in florescence to adjacent floral disc, or utilize powder pa
Artificial supplementary pollination is carried out, to improve setting percentage.Other management are Routine Management, until ripe harvest.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention not limited to this, any ripe
Those skilled in the art are known in the technical scope of present disclosure, the letter for the technical scheme that can be become apparent to
Altered or equivalence replacement are each fallen within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. method in salt-soda soil plantation sunflower, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:Step 1, when selecting salt-soda soil, should select within soil salt content 0.2%-0.4%, physical features drop is little, fertility compared with For uniform soil;Broad irrigation, desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching pressure alkali, after water row's clean soil in ground closes moisture in the soil, with every mu of ground are first used before sowing 8m3-10m3Amount organic fertilizer, while apply calcium superphosphate 30kg-40kg, potassium sulfate 8kg-10kg, then plough deeply 20cm-25cm;Step 2, treat and broadcast salt-soda soil progress Seal treatment, with Acetochlor 120ml-150ml/667m2Or gold all that 80ml/667m2 The spraying for carrying out herbicide is watered, shallow-layer is raked the soil level mixed soil in time after spray, earth's surface is then cut rake, and be spaced formed with medicine layer Prepare planting after plastic covered after 5d-7d;Step 3, selection saline-alkali tolerance are stronger, and well developed root system is not easy the Sunflower Varieties to lodge;Step 4, planting after plastic covered, making overlay film with planter, drip irrigation zone uses a film one with sowing and laying drip irrigation zone while carry out The mode of band, is located at the centre of film, and two drip irrigation zone spacing are 1.1m-1.2m;Film side 0.1m firmings, mulch film tense and bury reality, together When film per 2m-3m over long distances press one of waist soil with windproof eardrum;Step 5, spring sowing were sowed before June 10;Step 6, Miao Shui is after planting oozed in time, emergence water uses secondary drop method, i.e. the seeding stage is dripped twice;After emerging Restrained the growth of seedlings, promote root growth;Timely water dropper water after buddingging, drip off second of water of 10d drops after a water, in combination with that time Growing state in the lump instills top dressing;Step 7, timely final singling intertillage, final singling when 2-3 is to needle, while combine actual feelings in intermembranous carry out intertillage operation, intertillage Condition is deep-controlled in 10cm-20cm, and last time intertillage is combined before buddingging in intermembranous carry out ditching operation;Step 8, florescence supple-mentary pollination, contact with each other meeting and discussing in florescence to adjacent floral disc, or are carried out using powder pa Artificial supplementary pollination.
- 2. the method according to claim 1 in salt-soda soil plantation sunflower, it is characterised in that in step 4, planting after plastic covered In, mulch film is from the black film that width is 70cm.
- 3. the method according to claim 1 in salt-soda soil plantation sunflower, it is characterised in that in step 6, top dressing is every 667m2Apply Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5kg-8kg, urea 8kg-10kg.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109287391A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-01 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | In plant the fertilizing method of herbivore certain herbaceous plants with big flowers heavy salinizedly |
CN113197024A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-08-03 | 巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究院 | Method for planting sunflower in medium and severe saline-alkali soil by early film-covering, drip irrigation and salt suppression |
CN113197023A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-08-03 | 巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究院 | Sunflower furrow film ridge planting method |
CN114190249A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-03-18 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Application of sesbania-sunflower crop rotation and method for improving saline-alkali soil quality |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109287391A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-01 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | In plant the fertilizing method of herbivore certain herbaceous plants with big flowers heavy salinizedly |
CN109287391B (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2021-04-13 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Fertilizing method for planting edible sunflower in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil |
CN114190249A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-03-18 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Application of sesbania-sunflower crop rotation and method for improving saline-alkali soil quality |
CN113197024A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-08-03 | 巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究院 | Method for planting sunflower in medium and severe saline-alkali soil by early film-covering, drip irrigation and salt suppression |
CN113197023A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-08-03 | 巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究院 | Sunflower furrow film ridge planting method |
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