CN104770151B - The light of strand heavy salinized ground salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf simplifies planting and establishing method - Google Patents
The light of strand heavy salinized ground salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf simplifies planting and establishing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104770151B CN104770151B CN201410017011.0A CN201410017011A CN104770151B CN 104770151 B CN104770151 B CN 104770151B CN 201410017011 A CN201410017011 A CN 201410017011A CN 104770151 B CN104770151 B CN 104770151B
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Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Light the present invention relates to a kind of strand heavy salinized ground salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf simplifies planting and establishing method, this method utilizes the lawn type Bermuda grass material of salt tolerant, with reference to easy measure of improving the soil, achieving the purpose that can be on the quick planting high quality lawn in the heavy salinized ground in strand without soil removal and replacement.Technical solution includes：Level ground bed prepares, and the preparation of soil conditioner, soil conditioner is applied, and sods divot, management of watering after planting.The present invention without using producing the heavy metal pollution of soil, fresh water flood irrigation and the secretly engineering measure such as row's desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching method that heavy salinized ground generally uses at present, only need to carry out simple soil improvement can directly on strand salination original soil quick planting high quality lawn, while coastal saline-alkali area lawn greening cost is greatly reduced, farming damage layer in borrow areas caused by solving the problems, such as heavy metal pollution of soil and influence its ecological environment, it is a kind of effective way for solving the heavy salinized soil grassplot greening in strand, there is high utilization and extention to be worth.
Description
Technical field
Light the invention discloses a kind of strand heavy salinized ground salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf simplifies planting and establishing method, is related to salt
Alkali land soil and its greening field.
Background technology
China possesses ten thousand hectares about more than 200 of Coastal beach area, and 2009 " jiangsu coast great development " rises to state
Family's strategy, the exploitation to Coastal beach bring new opportunity, considerably increase the quantity of saline land greening engineering.Coastal beach
Soil not only salinity is high, but also nutrient famine, especially nitrogen phosphorus and some trace elements, soil texture is poor, easy plate
Knot, salinity are not easy to elute.These unfavorable edaphic conditions seriously limit the development of greening, become salt-soda soil High Quality Turf
A problem.
Researcher in terms of domestic and international heavy salinized ground turf establishment carried out research practice for many years, it was also proposed that one
A little turf establishment methods, such as：
Grant number CN101828477B discloses a kind of method of planting lawn in saline-alkali soil, it is characterized in that by applying in the soil
Enter or sand covered on ground mulching straw pavilion and top layer, blocked salinity rising, select saline-alkali tolerant grass seeds, for salt-soda soil nutrient situation into
Row rational application of fertilizers, so that the short time interior lawn planting on salt-soda soil, reaches maximal cover rate.
Application number 201210378866.7 discloses a kind of method of economic quick salt-affected soil planting lawn, it is characterized in that
By applying 10% organic fertilizer and 10% fine sand in the soil, improve salt-affected soil structure, easy to salt-affected soil Leaching and desalinization, and
Separate salinity to rise, build and build ridge, full irrigation, can carry out solid water Leaching and desalinization to salt-affected soil, reduce salinized soil salt content；Choosing
Greening non-woven fabrics planting grass blanket is selected, easy to form roll of sod, is easy to transplant, and afforests non-woven fabrics to obstruct salinity rising；
First planting grass blanket, then transplant, so as to reach maximal cover rate in salt-affected soil civil engineering Lawn planted in the short time.
Grant number CN102197726B discloses a kind of improvement of arid oasis area heavy saline and high-quality planting lawn side
Method, it is mainly characterized by building by deep pit excavation, laying sealed polyethylene plastic, cobblestone or gravel, bellows and surrounding
Divider wall is carried out every salt and salt discharge water, and carries out the broad irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching and plant inhales salt, then lawn planting, so as to reach quick
Desalination, the never accumulation of salt in the surface soil, there is provided turf quality.
Above-mentioned known technology generally uses physical method or engineering technology, to isolate solonchak or reduce Soil salinity, although
These methods have certain effect to planting lawn on severe saline-alkali soil, in certain area to salt-soda soil agricultural production and saline and alkaline
Ground, which is administered, produces certain efficiency.But isolation matrix is done with the sand and organic matter of thin layer, lawn is easily returned after planting for a long time
Salt, and the increased possibility of irrigation amount can be brought；Using digging dell, it is laid with sealed polyethylene plastic, cobblestone or gravel, bellows
Building divider wall with surrounding can greatly increase turf establishment cost；And use the broad irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching in the salt-soda soil that fresh water lacks
Measure also causes cost to be significantly increased, and the later stage also easy accumulation of salt in the surface soil.In actual production, severe strand salt scholar's turf establishment it is more
Number engineering is still laid with gravel and dark row using level ground bed bottom, and lawn is reduced in conjunction with soil moved in improve the original or the method for the fresh water flood irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching
The salinity of soil during plantation, the turfgrass used are typically to produce upper conventional lawn species, as lawn type English ryegrass,
English grass, ' Tifway ' hybrid bermuda etc., its salt tolerance is poor or general, and shoot density and cover degree are low after plantation, scape
See poor effect.In addition new-soil planting technology is larger to the farmland destructiveness in region of fetching earth, or even destroys local ecological environment.
And long-term, substantial amounts of planting soil, fresh water and every salt architectural Material transport, road traffic can be caused to increase, road is also easy to produce and gathers around
Stifled, heavy type transport vehicle can seriously affect the service life of road, and the tail gas of discharge pollutes environment again, and energy flow is flowed to all from goods and materials
Great waste is caused, has also seriously affected the quality of environment, substantially increases turf establishment cost.
Bermuda grass is a kind of turfgrass widely used in the world, has certain salt tolerance, and present salt-soda soil is most
One of common turfgrass.The upper common Bermuda grass kind of production at present is the old product cultivated in five sixties of U.S.'s last century
Kind, such as ' Tifway ', ' Tifgreen ', ' Tifdwarf ', its salt tolerance is weaker, and the performance in salt-soda soil is poor, it is impossible to reaches
Preferable landscape effect.Some researchs show there is very big salt tolerance between Bermuda grass different cultivars and make a variation, and have selected salt tolerant
Property is significantly stronger than the excellent new product of the old kind such as ' Tifway ' (C807), ' Tifgreen ' (C753), ' Tifdwarf ' (C751)
Kind (being), (the excellent choosing system of warm season turf and the preliminary of kind salt-resistance are commented for such as ' Yangjiang ' Bermuda grass, ' C291 ' Bermuda grass
Valency, Acta Prataculture, 2009,18 (5)：107-114；Growth adaptability of the part warm season turf kind (being) in Coastal beach
And its influence to Soil salinity, plant resources and environment journal, 2010,19 (3)：48-54).
The problem of present invention surrounds the above, according to the characteristics of Coastal beach salt-soda soil, without carrying out complexity to saline-alkali soil
Every measures such as salt, soil moved in improve the original or the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, only by being carried out to salt affected soil on the basis of simply improveing, the lawn of salt tolerant is selected
Type Bermuda grass material is directly planted on original soil, having explored a set of gently simplified strand heavy salinized ground High Quality Turf skill
Art.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to, destruction ecological environment of high cost for current heavy salinized ground turf establishment, lawn
A kind of the problem of landscape effect is poor, there is provided planting and establishing method of the high-quality salt tolerant bermuda grass turf gently simplified.It is readily available with locality
Organic matter (such as stalk, decomposed chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure, peat), cheap industry byproduct ardealite, common agriculture
Carry out the preparation of soil conditioner and spread fertilizer over the fields to turn over for raw material with composite fertilizer, and a small amount of chelated iron and other trace elements etc.
Enter soil, so as to achieve the purpose that to improve the soil texture, improve nutrient content, reduce salinity.In conjunction with the high-quality lawn type of salt tolerant
The use of Bermuda grass material, promotes lawn fast-growth on salt-soda soil, so that simply and efficiently planting high quality, low cost
Lawn.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution taken of the present invention is：A kind of strand heavy salinized ground salt-resistant type Bermuda grass
The light of lawn simplifies planting and establishing method, comprises the following steps：
(1), earth's surface weeding：The weeds grown are first killed with steriland herbicide glyphosate, usage is per acre with grass
Sweet 150 times of liquid 30-72L directed sprayings of phosphine (containing 41% glyphosate-isopropylammonium), it is necessary to be sprayed onto on the blade of green；Weeds quantity
Direct labor pulls out when less；
(2), landform is done：According to salt-soda soil actual conditions, tentatively smooth is carried out to ground, and makes certain landform,
Level land topography reform necessarily requires the gradient to reach 2-5 degree, and with sharp draining, the gradient of side slope is necessarily less than 45 degree；Remove ground
Big stone, rubble, debris within 20cm；
(3), the preparation of soil conditioner：Modifying agent component and dosage are 600-1000kg/ mus of decomposed manure or peat,
600-2500kg/ mus of ardealite, 15-30kg/ mus of composite fertilizer (15-15-15), EDDHA-Fe1-2kg/ mus, zinc sulfate, sulfuric acid
Copper, manganese sulfate are 0.2-0.4kg/ mus each；Mixed after organic fertilizer crushes with other modifying agents by certain dosage；
(4), soil conditioner is applied：The soil conditioner prepared in advance is uniformly manured into soil according to certain dosage
In, the soil layer of 20cm depths is then ploughed under, is mixed, and carry out grading and suppression；
(5), divot is sodded：Could turf plant after being required after improving the soil 7-14 days；Select specification for 30*30cm or
The complete soil matrix divot of 30*100cm, is laid on ground successively, and is suppressed, and grass block is contacted with soil closely；
(6), water：Divot should water in time after sodding, and first pass water is accomplished to irrigate, it is desirable to 20cm soil moistures
Reach saturation, carry out water spray moisturizing depending on weather condition daily later, be transferred to conventional maintenance after a week.
A kind of the light of strand heavy salinized ground salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf of the present invention simplifies planting and establishing method, honest and clean utilizing
, can be in strand severe salt using lawn type salt tolerant Bermuda grass as planting material on the basis of the modifying agent of valency is simply improved the soil
The lawn of the rapid planting high quality in alkali ground.Organic fertilizer can increase soil organic matter content in modifying agent, promote crumb structure
Formed, increase soil fertility and water-retaining property, improve soil microbial activities；Ardealite can improve soil calcium and phosphorus content, promote
Into the elution of salinity and the optimization of soil texture, pH value is reduced；Composite fertilizer can improve the n p k nutrition content of soil；
EDDHA-Fe can improve the content of soil iron, and the iron of Chelating state can reduce oxidation and soil fixing, it is easier to by plant
Absorb；The trace element such as zinc, copper, manganese can improve the fertility of soil, promote plant growth, reduce salt damage.Utilize salt tolerant
The stronger salt tolerance of Bermuda grass kind itself, can endure the salt stress of long period, then pass through the normal maintenance processes in lawn
In watering or natural precipitation progressively elute salinity in soil, without special soil moved in improve the original, the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching or hidden pipe salt discharge etc.
Complicated engineering salt reduction measure, thus simply, be achieved at low cost the planting on high-quality lawn heavy salinizedly.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
2011, great Feng ports area of Dafeng City of Jiangsu Province heavy salinizedly, set experimental plot 9, each plot area
4m2, measure of improving the soil sets the method for improving the soil of this patent, heavy metal pollution of soil and do not do any control improved the soil totally 3 processing, each processing
3 repetitions.Soil basal conditions are pH8.3, organic matter 0.34%, full nitrogen 0.01%, rapid available phosphorus 6.12ppm, available potassium
512.2ppm, 0-10cm soil layer salinity 14.7 ‰, 10-20cm soil layer salinity is 9 ‰.Select salt tolerant lawn species ' Yangjiang ' dog tooth
Root.
(1), earth's surface weeding：Ground only has the fluffy plant of fragmentary alkali, and direct labor pulls out；
(2), landform is done：Experimental field progress is manually smooth, and removes stone big within the 20cm of ground, rubble；
(3), the preparation of soil conditioner：Modifying agent component and dosage are 1000kg/ mus of peat, 2500kg/ mus of ardealite,
30kg/ mus of composite fertilizer (15-15-15), EDDHA-Fe2kg/ mus, zinc sulfate, copper sulphate, manganese sulfate are 0.3kg/ mus each；Caking
Manually mixed with other modifying agents after peat crushes；
(4), soil conditioner is applied：The modifying agent of premix is spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface, then ploughs under 20cm soil layers, is mixed, is gone forward side by side
Row grading and suppression；Soil moved in improve the original processing changes non-salinization of soil for the solonchak of the interior 30cm depths of cell (2m × 2m) is manually dug out
Soil (salinity 0.5 ‰), and carry out grading and suppression；Turning over and smooth processing for ground 20cm soil layers is only done in control；
(5), divot is sodded：Lawn is sodded after improving the soil 14 days；Select the soil matrix turf that complete specification is 30 × 30cm
Block, is laid on ground successively, and is suppressed, and grass block is contacted with soil closely；
(6), water：Divot should water in time after sodding, and first pass water is accomplished to irrigate, and reach 20cm soil moistures
To saturation, water spray moisturizing daily, maintenance later is suitably watered depending on weather and soil moisture situation after a week, ensures that lawn occurs without
Water shortage wilting situation.
After plantation 1 month, the lawn of control is substantially dead, and what heavy metal pollution of soil and modifying agent were handled remains to maintain higher grass
Level ground quality, and two methods difference unobvious.With Field Scout2265FS types salinometers (U.S. Spectrum
Technologies, Inc are produced) Field trapping is carried out to Soil salinity, the salinity of control is still higher, and at modifying agent
The salinity of reason, which has had, to be decreased obviously, but is handled apparently higher than soil moved in improve the original.Do not change before the soil pH of control and plantation,
And modifying agent processing have dropped about 0.5 unit.Specific data are shown in Table 1.
The processing of 1 different soils of table is to turf quality and Soil salinity, the influence of pH
Note：* turf quality scoring is scored using 9 points of systems in the careless regional experiment of variety regulation of country.
Embodiment 2
2012, great Feng ports area of Dafeng City of Jiangsu Province heavy salinizedly, demonstration area 1000m2。
Soil basal conditions are pH8.2, organic matter 0.45%, full nitrogen 0.02%, rapid available phosphorus 9.2ppm, available potassium
452.3ppm, 0-10cm soil layer salinity 12.5%, 10-20cm soil layer salinity is 8.7 ‰.Select salt-enduring cultivars ' C291 ' dog tooth
Root.
(1), earth's surface weeding：There is the halophytes of some Chenopodiaceaes and composite family on ground, (contains 41% glyphosate isopropyl with glyphosate
Ammonium salt) 150 times of 45L/ mus of liquid dosage directed spraying on the blade of green, kill the weeds grown；
(2), landform is done：Demonstration ground is first with excavator into preliminary smooth, then with rotary cultivator east-west direction and North and South direction
Each rotary tillage 3 times, depth 20cm, carries out further smooth；Remove stone big within the 20cm of ground, rubble；Ground line gradient
3 degree or so probably are maintained, with sharp draining；
(3), the preparation of soil conditioner：Modifying agent component and dosage are 1000kg/ mus of peat, 2000kg/ mus of ardealite,
25kg/ mus of composite fertilizer (15-15-15), EDDHA-Fe1.5kg/ mus, zinc sulfate, copper sulphate, manganese sulfate are 0.3kg/ mus each；Caking
Peat crush after and other modifying agents manually mix；
(4), soil conditioner is applied：The modifying agent of premix is first manually spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface, then with rotary cultivator rotary tillage 3 times,
Modifying agent is ploughed under 20cm soil layers, is mixed, and carry out grading；
(5), divot is sodded：Lawn is sodded after improving the soil 10 days；Select the soil matrix turf of complete 30 × 100cm sizes
Block, is laid on ground successively, and is suppressed, and grass block is contacted with soil closely；
(6), water：Divot should water in time after sodding, and first pass water is accomplished to irrigate, and reach 20cm soil moistures
To saturation, water spray moisturizing daily, maintenance later is suitably watered depending on weather and soil moisture situation after a week, ensures that lawn occurs without
Water shortage wilting situation.
After plantation 2 years, lawn remains to keep higher turf quality, and the salinity of 5-20cm soil layers drops to 5.4 ‰, and all
The salinity for enclosing vacant lot still reaches 9.3 ‰.
Claims (4)
1. the light of strand heavy salinized ground salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf simplifies planting and establishing method, it is characterised in that without to saline-alkali soil
The complicated measure every salt, soil moved in improve the original or the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is carried out, only by being carried out to salt affected soil after simply improveing, selects salt tolerant
Lawn type Bermuda grass material is directly planted on original soil, is included the following steps：
(1), weed control：First existing weeds are thoroughly removed with steriland herbicide, when carrying out weed control, liquid
It must be sprayed onto on the blade of weeds normal growth, direct labor pulls out during weeds negligible amounts；
(2), topography reform：Required according to salt tolerant turf establishment, carry out preliminary Land leveling, make certain landform, favorably
In draining, and remove level ground bed upper big stone, rubble and other debris；
(3), the preparation of soil conditioner：Specifically formula and dosage are 600-1000kg/ mus of decomposed manure to soil conditioner,
600-2500kg/ mus of ardealite, N, P, K content are composite fertilizer 15-30kg/ mus of 15%, 1-2kg/ mus of EDDHA-Fe, sulphur
Sour zinc, copper sulphate, manganese sulfate are 0.2-0.4kg/ mus each；Mixed after organic fertilizer crushes with other modifying agent components by certain dosage；
(4), soil conditioner is applied：During the soil conditioner prepared in advance is uniformly manured into soil according to certain dosage, so
After plough under soil, mix, and carry out grading and suppression；
(5), divot is sodded：The salt-resistant type bermudagrass grass skin bit of the complete soil matrix of certain specification is selected, is laid on ground successively, and
Suppressed, grass block is contacted with soil closely；
(6), managed after turf establishment：Divot should water in time after sodding, and watering for the first time should equably irrigate every piece
Turf, planting are at least once sprayed water moisturizing daily in latter week depending on weather condition, are transferred to normal lawn maintenance after a week
Management.
2. the light of heavy salinized ground salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf in strand according to claim 1 simplifies planting and establishing method, it is special
Sign is：Soil conditioner ploughed depth described in step (4) must reach 20cm.
3. the light of heavy salinized ground salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf in strand according to claim 1 simplifies planting and establishing method, it is special
Sign is：Complete soil matrix turf block specifications are 30*30cm or 30*100cm described in step (5).
4. the light of heavy salinized ground salt-resistant type bermuda grass turf in strand according to claim 1 simplifies planting and establishing method, it is special
Sign is：Watering for the first time must irrigate soil layer in the bed 20cm of level ground after divot described in step (6) is sodded, and make its soil water-containing
Amount reaches saturation state.
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