CN109197411B - Method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in arid region by drip irrigation under deep-furrow wide-ridge film in sandy soil - Google Patents
Method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in arid region by drip irrigation under deep-furrow wide-ridge film in sandy soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in a arid region by drip irrigation under a deep-furrow wide-ridge film on sandy soil, which aims at the problems of capillary water saturation, insufficient oxygen, heavy salt and alkali and root system deep growth inhibition of the sandy soil in the arid region, and reduces the underground water level through a drainage ditch and a forest belt; planting halophytes in the original soil, mowing away and removing, and reducing the salt content of the soil; the ditch and ridge structure further blocks the rising of the saturated water of the plough layer capillary; when fresh water is dripped under the film for alkali washing and salt leaching, dissolved oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the root layer, and a proper soil environment is provided for intercropping salt-tolerant forage grass and green manure; the method is matched with deep scarification, deep ploughing and heavy application of organic fertilizer and furrow and ridge rotation to fertilize land capability, long-acting and economic arid region sandy soil farmland water draining system is formed by integrating water conservancy, biological and agricultural improvement measures, a new desalinization and fertility plough layer is established, suitable growth conditions of salt-resistant forage grass are created on the sandy soil of the later ploughing field, the forage grass source is expanded, and a new way is provided for relieving the contradiction that the grain and forage land fight and the animal husbandry are seriously lack of grass in development.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting in arid regions, and particularly relates to a method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in a drip irrigation mode under a deep-furrow wide-ridge film in sandy soil in the arid regions.
Background
Desert lands affected by underground water often exist in areas where Xinjiang desert and oasis are intersected and river intersection tail-sinking areas, the desert lands are most typical of farmland and river basins surrounded by Takrama dry desert, salinized soil in the river basin is mainly distributed in the lateral seepage areas and the front and back of the underground water overflow areas of the Jalon karsch river and the karra karsch river and in large and small swales around plain reservoirs and in the river basin, drainage and drainage ways are not smooth, the underground water burial depth is less than 50cm, drought and rain are less, evaporation capacity is large, salt return movement of soil is strong, the soil desalting and leaching effects are weak, and salinization damage is formed. The Hetian jade dragon karshi river and karya karshi river carry salt on the way to form a large amount of abandoned sandy soil on the upper, middle and lower reaches of a river basin, the soil has high salinity and submerged mineralization degree, and the yield of conventional crops is reduced or dead under the stress of waterlogging and salt damage.
A typical desert oasis irrigation agricultural area of Sinkiang belongs to, more people are needed, cultivated land is few, and food and feed fight land, so that the shortage of forage and forage supply in Sinkiang is caused, the development of animal husbandry is restricted, and a new way is provided for the great development of animal husbandry by reasonably developing sandy wasteland. The selection of water-saving, drought-tolerant and saline-alkali tolerant plants and the creation of a soil environment suitable for root growth by adopting reasonable measures are the requirements for successfully developing sandy saline-alkali soil. Tests of sandy saline-alkali soil in Hemiaoyu county and Clarityy agriculture prove that the forage sorghum, pearl millet and sweet clover are successfully used, and the method for planting the salt-tolerant forage grass in the sandy soil in arid regions by drip irrigation under deep-furrow wide-ridge films is summarized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in a dry region by drip irrigation under a deep-furrow wide-ridge film on sandy soil, aiming at the problems of capillary water saturation, insufficient oxygen, heavy salt and alkali and root system deep growth inhibition of the sandy soil in the dry region, and reducing the underground water level through a drainage ditch and a forest belt; planting halophytes in the original soil, mowing away and removing, and reducing the salt content of the soil; the furrow structure further blocks the rising of the saturated water of the plough layer capillary; when fresh water is dripped under the film for alkali washing and salt leaching, dissolved oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the root layer, and a proper soil environment is provided for intercropping salt-tolerant forage grass and green manure; the method is matched with deep scarification, deep ploughing and heavy application of organic fertilizer and furrow and ridge rotation to fertilize land capability, long-acting and economic arid region sandy soil farmland water draining system is formed by integrating water conservancy, biological and agricultural improvement measures, a new desalinization and fertility plough layer is established, suitable growth conditions of salt-resistant forage grass are created on the sandy soil of a back ploughing field, the forage grass source is expanded, and a new way is provided for relieving the contradiction that the land strived for grain and feed and the animal husbandry are seriously lack of forage grass in development.
The invention relates to a method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in a dry region by drip irrigation under a deep-furrow wide-ridge film of sandy soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting land parcels: selecting abandoned sandy soil distributed in oasis or on the outer edge, and planning the abandoned sandy soil into a field block with the length of 200m and the width of 100 m;
b. ditching and draining: digging a drainage ditch, wherein the depth of the drainage ditch is 2 meters, the bottom width of the drainage ditch is 1m, the top width of the drainage ditch is 4m, the gradient of the drainage ditch is 1:0.3, and the ditch distance of the drainage ditch is 200 m; digging a water collecting ditch vertical to the drainage ditch, wherein the depth of the water collecting ditch is 3 meters, the bottom width of the water collecting ditch is 2 meters, the upper width of the water collecting ditch is 8 meters, and the gradient of the water collecting ditch is 1: 0.5; digging a water storage pit with the depth of 5 meters at the terminal of the water collecting ditch, conveying farmland water of the water collecting ditch to the water storage pit, planting lotus roots, cattails and reeds, and culturing fish to form a wetland;
c. land leveling and soil fertility improvement: leveling the land in the current year for 6 months, and controlling the height difference to be 5-7 cm; deeply loosening by a deep loosening shovel for 60cm, spreading 2000kg of decomposed animal manure fertilizer and 30kg of compound fertilizer per mu, deeply turning for 40cm, and uniformly raking; after 7 months of flood diversion and flood irrigation, sowing the mixture of the soil moisture and the saline land suaeda salsa; cutting for 9 months, and mixing with the forage sorghum to prepare silage; deep ploughing and sunning upturned soil in autumn;
d. planting plants:
planting a drainage forest belt: in the next 4-5 months, repairing drainage ditches, and densely planting 1 row of salix purpurea and 1 row of narrow-leaved oleaster along the drainage ditches, wherein the plant-row spacing is 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m, so as to form a biological drainage and windproof forest belt; transplanting bermuda grass to fix the groove slope and prevent collapse;
planting salt-tolerant forage grass: carrying out forage grass planting while planting in a drainage forest belt, applying 15kg of urea and 30kg of compound fertilizer per mu, harrowing after rotary tillage, ditching and ridging, wherein the furrow depth is 50cm, the width is 60cm, the ridge width is 150cm, ridge edges are used for ridging, the ridge ridges are 15cm higher than the ridge surface, 2000kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure and 10kg of ammonium phosphate are uniformly mixed and broadcast in each mu of ridge, harrowing is carried out uniformly, 1 drip irrigation zone is laid 20cm away from each ridge, the space is 80cm, then film covering is carried out, soil pressing and wind proofing are carried out at intervals of 1m, a dibbler is used for dibbling and drip irrigation 20cm away from each drip irrigation zone, so that a ridge, double-pipe and four-row intercropping zones are formed, the row spacing is 40cm, the hole spacing is 12cm, 5-7 seeds are placed in each hole, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, 5 plants are left in each hole during seedling setting, and the;
e. and (3) water and fertilizer management: dripping water for 1 time 3-5 days during seedling emergence to keep soil surface moist, and no clear water overflowing ridge edge, dripping water for 1 time 15-20 days after seedling emergence development, and dripping water for 20-30 m3Dripping 3 times of water-soluble acid fertilizer with water for 6-8 months with water per mu, wherein the total dosage is 20kg per mu, and weeds are removed in time;
f. harvesting: in the last 9 months, the sweet clover is cut and filled into the furrow to be used as green manure; harvesting the newly-grown sorghum or pearl millet, and blending the silage with the high stubble of 20 cm;
g. and (3) exchanging furrows and ridges: before sowing in the next spring, deeply ploughing green manure and stubble into soil, preparing soil, exchanging furrows and ridges, performing crop rotation, and fertilizing the whole field.
The invention relates to a method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in a dry region by drip irrigation under a deep-furrow wide-ridge film of sandy soil, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
aiming at the characteristics of strong water permeability, poor nutrients, waterlogging, oxygen deficiency, strong reducibility, more toxins, heavy salt and alkali and inhibiting the deep growth of root systems of sandy soil in arid regions. The invention adopts a field multidirectional drainage technology: the drainage ditch and the forest belt drain water to reduce the underground water level; the ditch and ridge structure prevents capillary saturated water from rising, accelerates the water drainage of farmland, and changes the anoxic environment of root layer; salt transfer of the early season salt plants and under-film drip irrigation are carried out to reduce the salt content of the soil in the plough layer, and the drip irrigation enables water head difference to be formed among the water on the ridge surface, the water surface of the furrow and the underground water surface, so that the salt infiltration is promoted, dissolved oxygen and effective nutrients are brought into the soil, toxic substances are removed, and the root system environment is updated; the method comprises the steps of deep scarification for breaking a water-resisting layer, deep ploughing organic fertilizer and green manure, curing plough layer soil, and comprehensively adopting water conservancy, biology, soil and agricultural measures to create a good soil ecological environment for increasing the yield of the salt-tolerant forage grass.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In 2016-2017, the invention carries out a sand-soil salt-tolerant forage grass planting test in Kall Seisan county of Haoyu:
a. selecting land parcels: selecting abandoned sandy soil in oasis, and planning the abandoned sandy soil into a field with the length of 150m and the width of 100 m;
b. ditching and draining: digging a drainage ditch by using an excavator: the depth is 1.8 meters, the bottom width is 1m, the top width is 4m, the gradient is 1:0.3, and the groove distance is 150 m; digging a water collecting ditch vertical to the drainage ditch: the depth is 3 meters, the bottom width is 2 meters, the upper width is 8 meters, and the gradient is 1: 0.5; the terminal of the water collecting ditch is used for digging a water storage pit with the depth of 5m, the area is determined according to the size of a dry salt-removing depression and is not less than 400m2The farmland water of the water collecting ditch and the water draining ditch is conveyed to a water storage pit, and then the lotus roots, the cattail and the reeds are planted and fish is cultured to form a wetland;
c. land leveling and soil fertility improvement: in the same year, leveling the land in 6 months, and controlling the height difference to be 7 cm; deeply loosening by a deep loosening shovel for 60cm, spreading 2000kg of decomposed animal manure fertilizer and 30kg of compound fertilizer per mu, deeply turning for 40cm, and uniformly raking; after 7 months of flood diversion and flood irrigation, sowing the mixture of the soil moisture and the saline land suaeda salsa; cutting for 9 months, and mixing with the forage sorghum to prepare silage; deep ploughing and sunning upturned soil in autumn;
d. planting plants:
planting a drainage forest belt: in the next 4-5 months, repairing drainage ditches, and densely planting 1 row of tamarix hispida and 1 row of Elaeagnus angustifolia along the drainage ditches, wherein the plant-row spacing is 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m, so as to form a biological drainage and windproof forest belt; transplanting bermuda grass to fix the groove slope and prevent collapse;
planting salt-tolerant forage grass: carrying out forage grass planting while planting in a drainage forest belt, applying 15kg of urea and 30kg of compound fertilizer per mu, harrowing after rotary tillage, ditching and ridging, wherein the furrow depth is 50cm, the width is 60cm, the ridge width is 150cm, ridge edges are used for ridge culture, the ridge ridges are 15cm higher than the ridge surface, 2000kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure and 10kg of ammonium phosphate are uniformly mixed and applied in each mu of ridge, harrowing is carried out uniformly, 1 drip irrigation zone is laid 20cm away from each ridge, the space is 80cm, then film covering is carried out, soil pressing and wind proofing are carried out at intervals of 1m, a dibbler dibbles a drip irrigation zone 20cm away from each drip irrigation zone, feeding sorghum and sweet cloves are dibbled, a double-pipe and four-row intercropping zone is formed, the row spacing is 40cm, the row spacing is 15cm, 5 seeds are placed in each hole, the sowing depth is 3cm, 3 seedlings are left in each hole during seedling setting;
e. and (3) water and fertilizer management: dripping water for 1 time 3 days during seedling emergence to keep soil surface moist, and dripping water for 1 time 15 days after seedling emergence development and with water dripping amount of 30 m3Dripping 3 times of water-soluble acid fertilizer with water for 6-8 months with water per mu, wherein the total dosage is 20kg per mu, and weeds are removed in time;
f. harvesting: in the last 9 months, the sweet clover is cut and filled into the furrow to be used as green manure; harvesting the feeding sorghum at present, preparing silage, and reserving high stubble about 20 cm;
g. and (3) exchanging furrows and ridges: before sowing in the next spring, deeply ploughing green manure and stubble into soil, preparing soil, exchanging furrows and ridges, performing crop rotation, and fertilizing the whole field.
Example 2
In 2016-2017, the salt-tolerant forage grass planting test is carried out on the sand-affected soil in the Clarity agriculture:
a. selecting land parcels: selecting abandoned sandy soil in the wind-sand covered area of the Leporus major, and planning to be a field with the length of 200m and the width of 100 m;
b. ditching and draining: digging a drainage ditch by using an excavator: the depth is 2 meters, the bottom width is 1m, the top width is 4m, the gradient is 1:0.3, and the groove distance is 200 m; digging a water collecting ditch vertical to the drainage ditch: the depth is 3 meters, the bottom width is 2 meters, the upper width is 8 meters, and the gradient is 1: 0.5; the terminal of the water collecting ditch is used for digging a water storage pit with the depth of 5m, the area is determined according to the size of a dry salt-removing depression and is not less than 400m2The farmland water of the water collecting ditch and the water draining ditch is conveyed to a water storage pit, and then the lotus roots, the cattail and the reeds are planted and fish is cultured to form a wetland;
c. land leveling and soil fertility improvement: in the same year, leveling the land in 6 months, and controlling the height difference to be 5 cm; deeply loosening by a deep loosening shovel for 60cm, spreading 2000kg of decomposed animal manure fertilizer and 30kg of compound fertilizer per mu, deeply turning for 40cm, and uniformly raking; after 7 months of flood irrigation, sowing the mixture of the soil moisture and the saline land suaeda salsa; cutting for 9 months, and mixing with the forage sorghum to prepare silage; deep ploughing and sunning upturned soil in autumn;
d. planting plants:
planting a drainage forest belt: in the next 4-5 months, repairing drainage ditches, and densely planting 1 row of multi-branch tamarisk and 1 row of small narrow-leaved oleaster along the drainage ditches, wherein the plant-row spacing is 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m, so as to form a biological drainage and windproof forest belt; transplanting bermuda grass to fix the groove slope and prevent collapse;
planting salt-tolerant forage grass: carrying out forage grass planting while planting in a drainage forest zone, applying 15kg of urea and 30kg of compound fertilizer per mu, harrowing after rotary tillage, ditching and ridging, wherein the furrow depth is 50cm, the width is 60cm, the ridge width is 150cm, ridge edges are used for ridge culture, the ridge ridges are 15cm higher than the ridge surface, 2000kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure and 10kg of ammonium phosphate are uniformly mixed and applied in each mu of ridge, harrowing is carried out uniformly, 1 drip irrigation zone is laid 20cm away from each ridge, the space is 80cm, then film covering is carried out, soil pressing and wind proofing are carried out at intervals of 1m, a dibbler is used for dibbling and seeding a sweet clover 20cm away from each drip irrigation zone, a double-pipe and four-row intercropping zone is formed, the row spacing is 40cm, the row spacing is 12cm, 7 seeds are placed in each hole, the sowing depth is 2cm, 5 seedlings are left in each hole during seedling setting, and soil is dre;
e. and (3) water and fertilizer management: dripping water for 1 time 5 days during seedling emergence to keep soil surface moist, no clear water overflowing ridge edge, and dripping water for 1 time 20 days and 20 m after seedling emergence development3Dripping 3 times of water-soluble acid fertilizer with water for 6-8 months with water per mu, wherein the total dosage is 20kg per mu, and weeds are removed in time;
f. harvesting: in the last 9 months, the sweet clover is cut and filled into the furrow to be used as green manure; harvesting the pearl millet at the present ear, preparing silage, and reserving high stubble about 20 cm;
g. and (3) exchanging furrows and ridges: before sowing in the next spring, deeply ploughing green manure and stubble into soil, preparing soil, exchanging furrows and ridges, performing crop rotation, and fertilizing the whole field.
The test results of the method in the Kyoho and Clarity sandy soil show that in 2016, the Suaeda salsa and the Rumex halophila which are mixed sowed in the mixed mode grow vigorously, the dry weight per mu yield is about 1000kg, and the method is matched with local forage sorghum to manufacture silage containing biological salt, so that the method is good in palatability and does not need to add mineral salt. The salt content of the soil is reduced to about 0.5 percent by the biological salt transfer after the soil is taken out by mowing. In 2017, on the basis of salt transfer of previous stubbles, barren and salt and alkali resistant forage sorghum, pearl millet and sweet clover successfully stand seedlings, the seedlings grow well under fresh water drip irrigation, the forage sorghum and the pearl millet grow to about 1.5 meters, and the yield of fresh grass per mu reaches about 3000 kg. Sweet clover is used as a medium salt-tolerant plant, grows better, turns furrows and is buried and pressed to be used as green manure in the most nutrient-exuberant period, and combines furrow-ridge exchange to cultivate soil fertility every year.
Claims (1)
1. A method for planting salt-tolerant forage grass in a dry region by drip irrigation under a deep-furrow wide-ridge film of sandy soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting land parcels: selecting abandoned sandy soil distributed in oasis or on the outer edge, and planning the abandoned sandy soil into a field block with the length of 200m and the width of 100 m;
b. ditching and draining: digging a drainage ditch, wherein the depth of the drainage ditch is 2 meters, the bottom width of the drainage ditch is 1m, the top width of the drainage ditch is 4m, the gradient of the drainage ditch is 1:0.3, and the ditch distance of the drainage ditch is 200 m; digging a water collecting ditch vertical to the drainage ditch, wherein the depth of the water collecting ditch is 3 meters, the bottom width of the water collecting ditch is 2 meters, the upper width of the water collecting ditch is 8 meters, and the gradient of the water collecting ditch is 1: 0.5; digging a water storage pit with the depth of 5 meters at the terminal of the water collecting ditch, conveying farmland water of the water collecting ditch to the water storage pit, planting lotus roots, cattails and reeds, and culturing fish to form a wetland;
c. land leveling and soil fertility improvement: in the same year, leveling the land in 6 months, and controlling the height difference to be 7 cm; deeply loosening by a deep loosening shovel for 60cm, spreading 2000kg of decomposed animal manure fertilizer and 30kg of compound fertilizer per mu, deeply turning for 40cm, and uniformly raking; after 7 months of flood diversion and flood irrigation, sowing the mixture of the soil moisture and the saline land suaeda salsa; cutting the common salt mold and the suaeda salsa within 9 months, and mixing the common salt mold and the forage sorghum to prepare silage; deep ploughing and sunning upturned soil in autumn;
d. planting plants:
planting a drainage forest belt: in the next 4-5 months, repairing drainage ditches, and densely planting 1 row of salix purpurea and 1 row of narrow-leaved oleaster along the drainage ditches, wherein the plant-row spacing is 1.5m multiplied by 1.5m, so as to form a biological drainage and windproof forest belt; transplanting bermuda grass to fix the groove slope and prevent collapse;
planting salt-tolerant forage grass: carrying out forage grass planting while planting in a drainage forest zone, applying 15kg of urea and 30kg of compound fertilizer per mu, harrowing after rotary tillage, ditching and ridging, wherein the furrow depth is 50cm, the width is 60cm, the ridge width is 150cm, ridge edges are used for ridging, the ridge ridges are 15cm higher than the ridge surface, 2000kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure and 10kg of ammonium phosphate are uniformly mixed and applied in each mu of ridge, harrowing is carried out uniformly, 1 drip irrigation zone is laid 20cm away from each ridge, the space is 80cm, then film covering is carried out, soil pressing and wind proofing are carried out at intervals of 1m, a dibbler dibbles a forage grass and a green manure 20cm away from the drip irrigation zone respectively, the forage grass is sorghum or pearl millet, the dibbled green manure is sweet clover, four rows of a double drip irrigation zone are formed, the row spacing is 40cm, the hole spacing is 12cm, 5-7 seeds are planted under each hole, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, 5 plants are left in each hole when seedling setting, and the soil is drenched for the first time;
e. and (3) water and fertilizer management: dripping water for 1 time 3-5 days during seedling emergence to keep soil surface moist, and no clear water overflowing ridge edge, dripping water for 1 time 15-20 days after seedling emergence development, and dripping water for 20-30 m3Dripping water-soluble acid fertilizer for 3 times along with water for 6-8 months with the total dosage of 20 kg/muRemoving weeds in time;
f. harvesting: in the last 9 months, the sweet clover is cut and filled into the furrow to be used as green manure; harvesting the newly-grown sorghum or pearl millet, and blending the silage with the high stubble of 20 cm;
g. and (3) exchanging furrows and ridges: before sowing in the next spring, deeply ploughing green manure and stubble into soil, preparing soil, exchanging furrows and ridges, performing crop rotation, and fertilizing the whole field.
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| CN110972597B (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2023-07-14 | 上海交通大学 | Method for improving secondary salinization of facility vegetable field by utilizing symbiotic cultivation of lawns and vegetables |
| CN112243630B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-07-05 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Soil-improving and salt-transferring method for regional scale |
| CN112243629B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-04-15 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Sustainable method for arid region farmland salt irrigation based on crop rotation halophyte |
| CN113197025B (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2022-09-27 | 巴彦淖尔市农牧业科学研究院 | Sunflower high-ridge film-covering drip irrigation salt-inhibiting planting method |
| CN116195396A (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-06-02 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Treatment method for improving saline-alkali soil based on ion replacement and salt-tolerant plant operation |
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| CN104082031B (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-01-06 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | A kind of arid biogeographic zone heavily salted original soil greening method |
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