CN101524029A - Method for artificially culturing artemisia annua linn in high altitude areas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for artificially culturing artemisia annua linn in high altitude areas and belongs to the technical field of agricultural science. The method mainly comprises the followings steps: the diameter of soil particles of a seedbed is smaller than 0.2cm, the width of furrow is 100cm, the height thereof is 15 to 20cm and the length is 5 to 10m; the seeding time is the end of February to early March and the seeding quantity is 200g/mu; transplanting is carried out when the temperature of the seedbed is 15 DEG C to 30 DEG C, the humidity is 40 to 50 percent, the height of the plant is 10 to 15cm and the length of the root is more than 5cm; the center width of a ridge and furrow is 0.8 to 1m and the depth of the ridge and furrow is 30 to 40cm; the spacing between rows is 0.40*0.80m or 0.50*1.0m and 1300 or 2000 artemisia annua linn is planted in each mu; 0.7si of plastic film are used for mulching the artemisia annua linn along furrow surface after permanent planting; seeds are compensated after ten days, watering is carried out for once to twice everyday, and after transplanting for 7 days, 10 to 15kg of fertilizers are applied for each mu or 0.3 percent of liquid fertilizers are poured and applied; the humidity of the field in seedling stage is kept between 60 and 70 percent; additional fertilizer are applied for twice; 5 to 10kg of N.P.K compound fertilizer is used in squaring stage; and pouring and applying are carried out after 1000kg of water is watered. The invention has simple and convenient operation of the method and short seedling stage, can effectively improve the yield of artemisia annua linn and the content of active components and is suitable for artificial culturing of artemisia annua linn in the areas with altitude more than 1900m.

Description

The method of a kind of high altitude localities artificial cultivation artemisia annua

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of suitable method of high altitude localities artificial cultivation artemisia annua more than 1900 meters, belong to the agronomy technical field.

Background technology:

Artemisia annua (Artemisia annua L.) is a composite family artemisia annual herb, is the important source material plant of extracting qinghaosu.The Artemether that utilizes qinghaosu to make has very high antimalarial active, listed the special effect Chinese kind of WHO " essential drugs handbook " treatment malaria in, being that China has one of herbal species of independent intellectual property right, also is the herbal species by the U.S. FDA authentication few in number up to now.Extracting qinghaosu from natural artemisia annua plant is the unique source that obtains qinghaosu at present, because artemisinin-based drug world market demand increases severely, wild artemisia annua resource can not satisfy the demand of pharmacy corporation, and artificial domesticating cultivation has become the inevitable choice of industry sustainable development.The artemisia annua artemislnin content of China's southwest growth is apparently higher than domestic and international other areas, and artemisia annua can both be planted for 500 meters to 2500 meters from height above sea level by Yunnan Province, in Yunnan Province's development artemisia annua industry significant advantage is arranged.The tame correlative study report of domestic existing artemisia annua, relevant scholar's research shows ^[1-6]: seeding quantity, planting density, base manure kind and the period of topdressing, gather etc. all has appreciable impact to artemisia annua output and artemislnin content, but yet there are no the report of artemisia annua film-mulching cultivation technique research.

By literature search, do not see the open report identical with the present invention.

List of references:

[1] Lu Hongshun. value of exploiting and utilizing of artemisia annua and culture technique [J]. the secondary special product .2002 of Chinese woods; 60 (1): 91-93

[2] Cao Youlong, Chen Xiaobin, Wang Xinkun, etc. the sweet wormwood amount of growth of cultivation and artemislnin content [J]. medicinal plant cultivation .1996; 19 (8): 379-380

[3] Wei Xiao, Li Feng, Fu Xiuhong, etc. artemisia annua type introduction and Experiment [J]. Guangxi Academy Of Sciences journal .1998; 14 (1): 28-31

[4] Wei Xiao, Li Feng, Xu Chengqiong, etc. different cultivation steps are to the influence [J] of artemisia annua output and artemislnin content. Guangxi Academy Of Sciences journal .1999; 15 (3): 132

[5] Wei Yun, Cong Weihong, Sun Zhiying, etc. the discussion [J] of Shandong artemisia annua picking time. the journal .2000 of Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University; 24 (2): 139-140

[6] Chen Dingru, the woods partner, Guo Guizhong, etc. the cultivation of artemisia annua. Chinese herbal medicine, 1980,11 (5): 227-228.

Summary of the invention:

The present invention is directed to high height above sea level (1900 meters) area low temperature arid in spring, be unfavorable for that the artemisia annua open country is grown seedlings and the characteristics of field-transplanting training, a kind of high altitude localities artemisia annua artificial cultivation method that artemisia annua output and quality can effectively be provided is provided.

High altitude localities of the present invention artemisia annua artificial cultivation method comprises that little shed is grown seedlings and land for growing field crops film-mulching cultivation two parts, and is specific as follows:

(1) the little shed step of growing seedlings is:

A. the preparation of nursery lot: nursery lot select smooth, the soil is porous, fertility abundance, drainage are good, place that the water source is arranged; The seedbed is smooth, grogs diameter＜0.2cm, the wide 100cm of moisture in the soil, high 15-20cm, long 5-10m; Carry out conventional sterilization, desinsection processing with carbendazim or geaster before the sowing;

B. sowing: the sowing time for by the end of February-early March, seeding quantity is 200 gram/mus, restrains the ratio that seeds add 2 kilograms of sand in 100 and evenly dresses seed; It is moistening before the sowing furrow face fully to be watered, with the seed uniform broadcasting of mixing on the furrow face, the lid layer fine earth, it is fully moistening to the furrow face to spray water, with pine tag or straw covering;

C. build the little shed of lid: build half meter high little shed with bamboo chip and plastic film along the furrow face, little shed plastic foil is fixing on one side, and another side slides;

D. nursery bed management and transplanting: the control seedling bed temperature is 15 ℃-30 ℃, and humidity is 40-50%, and timely Ex-all weeds; In the time of height of seedling 5-6 centimetre, remove the film hardening; When growing to 10cm, seedling carries out suitable thinning; Late April is to mid-May, when the true leaf number of blade 6-8 of seedling sheet, leaf look green or dark green, plant height 10-15cm, the long 5cm of root with the time transplant, transplanting time is no more than mid-June at the latest; Transplant the land for growing field crops when getting seedling, along the 8cm translation of burying of furrow face horizontal direction, accomplish balled transplanting as far as possible with mamoty or hoe;

(2) plastic film mulching cultivation step in land for growing field crops is:

A. select ground, whole ground, basal dressing: the gentle slope plantation artemisia annua of selecting guaranteed nonirrigated farmland, water source or field piece or the gradient 15 to spend; Plough or manually turn over to dig with ox and harrow carefully wholely, the degree of depth is more than 30cm; Every mu of organic fertilizer adds 40 kilograms of composite fertilizers for 3000 kilograms and makes base fertilizer, and fertilizer is pond sludge or humus soil; Excavation is ridged, and does grooving 0.8-1 rice not lend oneself to worry and anxiety, ditch depth 30-40 centimetre long ridge;

B. planting density: the soil that soil fertility is lower: 0.40 * 0.80 meter of seeding row spacing, every mu of plantation 2000 strains; The soil that soil fertility is higher: 0.50 * 1.0 meter of seeding row spacing, every mu of plantation 1300 strains;

C. field planting method: dig the cave with little mamoty or spud, with the open and flat cave of putting in strong sprout that fetch in the seedbed, earthing gently presses down soil compaction with have gentle hands, irrigates normal root water immediately;

D. epiphragma: epiphragma immediately after the artemisia annua field planting, cover along the furrow face with 0.7 plastic film, both sides are real with soil pressure, there being the seedling place that film is cut off an osculum, the seedling acrial part exposed mulch film, again at the opening part earthing; Or managed moisture in the soil, accomplished fluently the pool, behind the Shi Haofei, mulch film on the moisture in the soil cover is pressed seeding row spacing again and is transplanted, and in opening part earthing, compacting;

E. field management

Seedling-slowing stage management: field planting was looked into seedling and is filled the gaps with seedlings in full field after 10 days, and water 1 10 day every day after the field planting in summer, and per 2 days of dry season watered 1 time, and the soil field humidity remains on 60-70%; After transplanting a week, mu is with the fertilising of a composite fertilizer 10-15 kilogram, or waters fertilising with 0.3% composite fertilizer is soluble in water;

Seedling management: the soil field humidity remains on 60-70%; Topdress twice, that is: transplant 15-20 after day, open for every mu and spread manuer in holes 20 kilograms of composite fertilizers or use well-rotted farmyard manure, carry out earth backing after the fertilising; Transplant after 35-45 days, execute 20 kilograms of composite fertilizers or farmyard manure for every mu, in conjunction with ridging, weeding 1-2 time;

Budding-management picking time: keep field soil humidity at 60-70%; With 5 to 10 kilograms of NPK composite fertilizers, convert to water behind 1000 kilograms in the water and execute.

The extermination of disease and insect pest: for artemisia annua root, stem rot with disease prestige or the topsin of going out; Powdery mildew is clever with the powder rust; Chafer and aphid carry out conventional control only with Rogor or the speed aphid lice of going out.

The present invention compared with prior art, it is easy and simple to handle to have method, nursery stage is short, can improve the advantage of artemisia annua output and active constituent content effectively.Extensively be suitable for the artificial cultivation of high altitude localities artemisia annua more than 1900 meters.

Embodiment:

The present invention is an example with artemisia annua fine provenance " Yuanyang provenance ", experimental field is located at three-family village, Qilin District Zhu Jie township, Qujing, Yunnan Province, height above sea level 2200m, and preceding stubble wheat, physical features is smooth, and soil property is a dam district yellow ground loam, middle fertility.But content of the present invention not only is confined to embodiment.

One, little shed is grown seedlings

1, the preparation of nursery lot: the place that because artemisia annua seed very tiny (thousand kernel weight only 0.05 gram), that nursery lot requires to select is smooth, the soil is porous, fertility abundance, drainage are good, have the water source.That the seedbed will be accomplished is one flat, two thin (grogs diameter＜0.2cm), three fertilizer, four tides (profit).Divide the moisture in the soil sowing, the wide 100cm of moisture in the soil, high 15 or 20cm, long 5 or 10m.Carry out conventional sterilization, desinsection processing with carbendazim or geaster before the sowing;

2, sowing: by the end of February-the early March seeding and seedling raising, seeding quantity is 200 gram/mus, the ratio that adds 2 kilograms of sand in 100 gram seeds is evenly dressed seed.It is moistening before the sowing furrow face fully to be watered, with the seed uniform broadcasting of mixing on the furrow face, the lid layer fine earth, water spray, the furrow face is fully moistening, pine tag or straw covering.

3, build the little shed of lid: build half meter high little shed with bamboo chip and plastic film along the furrow face, little shed plastic foil is fixing on one side, and the another side slip helps watering, when fertilising, weeding.

4, nursery bed management and transplanting: the control seedling bed temperature is 15 ℃-30 ℃, and humidity is 40-50%, and timely Ex-all weeds; In the time of height of seedling 5-6 centimetre, remove the film hardening; When growing to 10cm, seedling carries out suitable thinning; Late April is to mid-May, when the true leaf number of blade 6-8 of seedling sheet, leaf look green or dark green, plant height 10-15cm, the long 5cm of root transplants when above, transplanting time is no more than mid-June at the latest; Transplant the land for growing field crops when getting seedling, along the 8cm translation of burying of furrow face horizontal direction, accomplish balled transplanting as far as possible, shorten seedling-slowing stage, improve survival rate with mamoty or hoe.

Two, land for growing field crops plastic film mulching cultivation

1, choosing ground, whole ground, basal dressing: select the gentle slope plantation artemisia annua of about 15 degree of guaranteed nonirrigated farmland, water source or field piece or the gradient, can arrive the survival rate more than 95% after not only can guaranteeing to transplant, and be beneficial to draining, reduce the disease of bringing because of accumulated water.Plough or manually turn over to dig with ox and harrow carefully wholely, the degree of depth is more than 30cm.Every mu of organic fertilizer (or pond sludge, humus soil etc.) adds the composite fertilizer that buys in 40 kilograms of markets for 3000 kilograms and makes base fertilizer.Excavation is ridged, and does 0.8 or 1 meter not lend oneself to worry and anxiety of grooving, the long ridge of ditch depth 30 or 35 or 40 centimetres.

2, planting density: it is fixed to look soil fertility, 0.40 * 0.80 meter of the low soil seeding row spacing of soil fertility, every mu of plantation 2000 strains; The soil that soil fertility is high: 0.50 * 1.0 meter of seeding row spacing, every mu of plantation 1300 strains.

3, field planting method: dig the cave with little mamoty or spud, with the open and flat cave of putting in strong sprout that fetch in the seedbed, earthing gently presses down soil compaction with have gentle hands, irrigates normal root water immediately.

4, epiphragma: transplant earlier the back epiphragma: epiphragma immediately after the artemisia annua field planting, cover along the furrow face with 0.7 plastic film, mulch film there being the seedling place that film is cut off an osculum, is exposed with the seedling acrial part, with soil pressure in fact again at the opening part earthing in both sides.Or transplant training behind the first epiphragma: managed moisture in the soil, accomplish fluently the pool, behind the Shi Haofei, mulch film on the moisture in the soil cover press the seeding row spacing transplanting again, and in opening part earthing, compacting.

Field management:

1, seedling-slowing stage management: field planting was looked into seedling and is filled the gaps with seedlings in full field after 10 days, and water 1 10 day every day after the field planting in summer, and per 2 days of dry season watered 1 time, and the soil field humidity remains on 60-70%; After transplanting a week, mu is with composite fertilizer 10 or 15 kilograms of fertilisings, or waters fertilising with the composite fertilizer of the market purchase of percentage by weight 0.3% is soluble in water;

2, seedling management: the soil field humidity remains on 60-70%; Topdress twice, that is: transplant after 15 or 20 days, open for every mu and spread manuer in holes 20 kilograms of composite fertilizers or use well-rotted farmyard manure, carry out earth backing after the fertilising; Transplant after 35 or 40 or 45 days, execute composite fertilizer or the farmyard manure that 20 kilograms of markets are bought for every mu, in conjunction with earthing up, weeding 1 or 2 times; The same convention amount of the amount of application of farmyard manure.

3, budding-management picking time: water management: keep field soil humidity at 60-70%.Soil moisture＜60% must water (filling) water; Soil moisture＞70% in time digs trenches to drain the water away, and forbids field raceway groove accumulated water.2. fertilising: impose 5 to 10 kilograms of NPK composite fertilizers (look growing state determine), convert water and water for 1000 kilograms and execute.

4, the extermination of disease and insect pest: for artemisia annua root, stem rot with disease prestige or the topsin of going out; Powdery mildew is clever with the powder rust; Chafer and aphid carry out conventional control only with Rogor or the speed aphid lice of going out.Prevent and treat the same conventional method of method of operating.

The inventive method practical application shows: the one, and identical plot, under the identical cultivation management condition, the plant growing way of film-mulching cultivation is relatively good.With " Yuanyang provenance " is example, and plant height increases 12.6cm, and basic stem increases thick 0.72cm, and branch amount increases by 8.4, and the hat width of cloth increases 178.5cm.The 2nd, film-mulching cultivation has improved single plant yield and quality.Wherein, complete stool acrial part weight has increased by 1.35 kilograms, and the individual plant stem heavily increases by 0.03 kilogram, and leaf flower bud fresh weight has increased by 0.32 kilogram.Artemislnin content is increased to 0.75% by 0.64%, has increased by 0.11%.The 3rd, film-mulching cultivation can improve 0.5-7.5 ℃ of 5-25cm plow layer ground temperature.Because spring temperature and ground temperature are all on the low side, utilize plastic mulching not only can transplant the phase (generally doing sth. in advance more than 20 day) ahead of time than open country, and, because the artemisia annua root system mainly is distributed in 5 to 30 centimetres plow layer, the increase of soil temperature in the epiphragma caudacoria, promote microbial activities, accelerated organic matter decomposition, effectively promoted the absorption of root system nutrition material and moisture content; On the other hand, the moisture content tunicle of soil evaporation behind the epiphragma stops, water conservation arranged preferably, propose the moisture in the soil effect; In addition, mulch film reflection optical energy irradiation artemisia annua plant lower blade and leaf back increase bottom leaf colourity, improve chrysanthemum mugwort portion quality, reach artemisia annua high-quality and aim of high yield.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of high altitude localities artemisia annua high yield and high quality cultivation method is characterized in that this cultivation method comprises that little shed is grown seedlings and land for growing field crops film-mulching cultivation two parts, wherein:

(1) the little shed step of growing seedlings is:

A. the preparation of nursery lot: nursery lot select smooth, the soil is porous, fertility abundance, drainage are good, place that the water source is arranged; The seedbed is smooth, grogs diameter＜0.2cm, the wide 100cm of moisture in the soil, high 15-20cm, long 5-10m.

B. sowing: the sowing time for by the end of February-early March, seeding quantity is 200 gram/mus, restrains the ratio that seeds add 2 kilograms of sand in 100 and evenly dresses seed; It is moistening before the sowing furrow face fully to be watered, with the seed uniform broadcasting of mixing on the furrow face, the lid layer fine earth, it is fully moistening to the furrow face to spray water, with pine tag or straw covering;

C. build the little shed of lid: build half meter high little shed with bamboo chip and plastic film along the furrow face, little shed plastic foil is fixing on one side, and another side slides;

D. nursery bed management and transplanting: the control seedling bed temperature is 15 ℃-30 ℃, and humidity is 40-50%, and timely Ex-all weeds; In the time of height of seedling 5-6 centimetre, remove the film hardening; When growing to 10cm, seedling carries out suitable thinning; Late April is to mid-May, when the true leaf number of blade 6-8 of seedling sheet, leaf look green or dark green, plant height 10-15cm, the long 5cm of root transplants when above, transplanting time is no more than mid-June at the latest; Transplant the land for growing field crops when getting seedling, along the 8cm translation of burying of furrow face horizontal direction, accomplish balled transplanting as far as possible with mamoty or hoe;

(2) plastic film mulching cultivation step in land for growing field crops is:

A. select ground, whole ground, basal dressing: the gentle slope plantation artemisia annua of selecting guaranteed nonirrigated farmland, water source or field piece or the gradient 15 to spend; Plough or manually turn over to dig with ox and harrow carefully wholely, the degree of depth is more than 30cm; Every mu of organic fertilizer adds 40 kilograms of composite fertilizers for 3000 kilograms and makes base fertilizer, and fertilizer is pond sludge or humus soil; Excavation is ridged, and does grooving 0.8-1 rice not lend oneself to worry and anxiety, ditch depth 30-40 centimetre long ridge;

B. planting density: 0.40 * 0.80 meter or 0.50 * 1.0 meter of seeding row spacing, every mu of plantation 1300 or 2000 strains;

C. field planting method: dig the cave with little mamoty or spud, with the open and flat cave of putting in strong sprout that fetch in the seedbed, earthing gently presses down soil compaction with have gentle hands, irrigates normal root water immediately;

D. epiphragma: epiphragma immediately after the artemisia annua field planting, cover along the furrow face with 0.7 plastic film, both sides are real with soil pressure, there being the seedling place that film is cut off flatly, the seedling acrial part exposed mulch film, again at the opening part earthing; Or managed moisture in the soil, accomplished fluently the pool, behind the Shi Haofei, mulch film on the moisture in the soil cover is pressed seeding row spacing again and is transplanted, and in opening part earthing, compacting;

E. field management:

Seedling-slowing stage management: field planting was looked into seedling and is filled the gaps with seedlings in full field after 10 days, and water 1 10 day every day after the field planting in summer, and per 2 days of dry season watered 1 time, and the soil field humidity remains on 60-70%; After transplanting a week, mu is with the fertilising of a composite fertilizer 10-15 kilogram, or waters fertilising with 0.3% composite fertilizer is soluble in water;

Seedling management: the soil field humidity remains on 60-70%; Topdress twice, that is: transplant 15-20 after day, open for every mu and spread manuer in holes 20 kilograms of composite fertilizers or use well-rotted farmyard manure, carry out earth backing after the fertilising; Transplant after 35-45 days, execute 20 kilograms of composite fertilizers or farmyard manure for every mu, in conjunction with ridging; Weeding during this time 1-2 time;

Budding-management picking time: keep field soil humidity at 60-70%; With 5 to 10 kilograms of NPK composite fertilizers, convert to water behind 1000 kilograms in the water and execute.