CN104082031B - A kind of arid biogeographic zone heavily salted original soil greening method - Google Patents
A kind of arid biogeographic zone heavily salted original soil greening method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104082031B CN104082031B CN201410367058.XA CN201410367058A CN104082031B CN 104082031 B CN104082031 B CN 104082031B CN 201410367058 A CN201410367058 A CN 201410367058A CN 104082031 B CN104082031 B CN 104082031B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of arid biogeographic zone heavily salted original soil greening method, first the method carries out mixing sand to improve growing area soil physics structure, First Year realize greening by the annual halophytes of plantation and soil partially desalted, Second Year constructs furrow landform by " ridging ", on ridge, the drip irrigation plantation Chinese tamarisk of salt tolerant, shrubby flase indigo, daghestan sweet clover realize biology and move salt and fertilizing soil, and in ditch, drip irrigation plantation Suaeda salsa increases coverage, improves soil physico-chemical property and Soil Desalting.This method is integrated with physically improved, the biological modification of salt-affected soil and combines furrow farming and water-saving drip irrigation technical measures, easy and simple to handle, cost is low, achieves the stable and sustainable of heavily salted original soil greening.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of arid biogeographic zone heavily salted original soil greening method, specifically relate to a kind of saline soil and mix husky improvement, annual halophytes plantation, the order of Root growth halophytes, green manure plant afforests method of improving the soil.
Background technology
China's In China West Arid Land saline soil distribution area is wide, a lot of city with " oasis " distributions in saline and alkaline region.Salinization soil is often the obstacle that people transform living environment, enforcement afforestation project often runs into.There is the lifting constraining urban afforestation and integrated environment quality in the large area of salt-affected soil.Saline soil generally has the features such as the bulk density of soil is high, viscous, air capacity of soils are poor, osmotic coefficient is low, capillarity is strong.Can reduce soil water potential containing too much salinity in soil, thus cause " physiological drought " of plant, be unfavorable for plant growth, normal formation large-area " bare land ", causes single landscape.The most subterranean water level in saline soil area is shallow, salinity is high.RS in Alkali Region is afforested, and improving survival rate is the most important thing, and perched water, diving technique and salinity cause the major obstacle of nursery stock death.Shallow from the many subterranean water level in saline soil area, salinity is high, soil salinization degree is heavy and the present situation of region scarcity of fresh water resources, select with soil melioration, plant species screening configuration, irrigation method the integrated approach that combines in the urgent need to research, combine with biological control measure, Soil management measure by engineering measure, develop greening technique that is sustainable, long stable effect.
First Halogenic soil planting must solve the too high problem of soil salt.In agricultural production, people are usually through the too much soil salt of " flood irrigation pressure salt " drip washing, but this mode requires higher to pumping equipment, and cost is large and need to consume a large amount of freshwater resources.The method that Halogenic soil planting is comparatively commonly used is soil moved in improve the original displacement, namely the salt marsh original soil of certain depth soil layer is substituted with nonsaline-alkali soil earth matrix, afforest on soil moved in improve the original after quarantine measures, usually there is the problem that cost is high and follow-up survival rate is low, and be difficult to realize the stable and sustainable of greening system.For realizing the stable, sustainable of Halogenic soil planting, 2010 begin, and use for reference saline-alkali soil greening technique, and we have screened the halophytes kind being suitable for afforesting,, the technical measures such as biological modification and water-saving drip irrigation physically improved in conjunction with saline-alkali soil, propose heavily salted original soil greening method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, provides a kind of arid biogeographic zone heavily salted original soil greening method, and first the method carries out mixing sand to improve growing area soil structure, and First Year is afforested by the realization of plantation annual halophytes and soil is partially desalted and improve soil physics structure; Utilize the moisture and salt regime rule under condition of drip irrigation, Second Year constructs furrow landform by " ridging ", salinity most of on ridge is discharged to furrow by regular drip irrigation, recycling halophytes removes salinity: drip irrigation plantation Chinese tamarisk and shrubby flase indigo on ridge, the daghestan sweet clover leguminous plant planting salt tolerant in the ranks and between spacing in the rows realizes greening and improvement of soil fertility, desalination, and in the cunette of ridge, drip irrigation plants Suaeda salsa increases coverage and soil organisms moves salt.The method of the invention is integrated with physically improved, the biological modification of salt affected soil and combines furrow farming and water-saving drip irrigation technical measures, easy and simple to handle, cost is low, achieves the stable and sustainable of saline land original soil greening.
A kind of arid biogeographic zone heavily salted original soil greening method of the present invention, is characterized in that following these steps to carry out:
Mix sand and improve soil structure:
A, select heavily salted soil, the mode taking to mix husky improvement improves soil water permeability, 20% mixes husky process by volume, plough dark 0.4m to green belt 40cm topsoil;
First Year is afforested:
B, sowing: by the parallel laying irrigate band of spacing 0.6-0.8m, by Suaeda salsa seed broadcasting in both sides, irrigate band, form the seeding belt of 0.3-0.4m;
C, irrigation: after planting pour water immediately, the seeding stage poured water 1 time every 2 days, pour water with wetted front just arrived two adjacent irrigate band center lines for degree, carry out moisturizing when being 15% with soil moisture after seedling stage, each irrigation quantity controls at 120m
3/ hm
2-150m
3/ hm
2;
D, harvesting: take out of after the acrial part of Suaeda salsa being gathered in during late October to early November;
Second Year is afforested:
E, ditching, ridging: along parallel greenbelt direction, spacing 3.0m ditches, and furrow width 1.0-1.5m, degree of depth 0.4m, be laid in adjacent mesocolpium territory by the earthwork tripped out in ditch, forms ridge;
F, planting technique: on ridge, plant 3 row shrubs is shrubby flase indigo and Chinese tamarisk, daghestan sweet clover is broadcasted sowing in the ranks in shrub, along shrub row to laying irrigate band, Suaeda salsa is broadcasted sowing in the cunette of ridge, adopt micro-spray or the two row irrigate band modes of laying to irrigate, each irrigation quantity reaches 0.2-0.3m for degree with the vertical wetted front of soil;
G, harvesting: take out of after being gathered in by the acrial part of Suaeda salsa during late October to early November, on ridge daghestan sweet clover rotary tillage also field.
Heavily salted soil selected by step a is the sticky heavy saline heavily hardened.
In step f, ridge being planted 3 row shrubs is the first row plantation Chinese tamarisk, the second row plantation shrubby flase indigo, the third line plantation Chinese tamarisk, by that analogy.
A kind of arid biogeographic zone heavily salted original soil greening technique of the present invention, the feature of the method is:
Bury of groundwater is shallow, salinity is high, soil glues that heavily to harden be an important feature of heavily salted soil.By mixing husky increase soil permeability, be beneficial to shifting out of soil salt; Afforested by plantation halophytes, the submerged growth of root system both facilitated Soil Desalting, turn increased the maturing process of saline soil; By " ridging ", relatively reduce bury of groundwater, the growth that can be later stage root system of plant provides good space; By drip irrigation on ridge, not only can effectively using water wisely, can also by the growth of halophytes, reach absorption → enrichment → move salt; Replace evaporation bare soil with plant evaporation, control the gathering of salinity on ridge, and on the ridge continued, fresh water drip irrigation can ensure the downward drip washing of soil salt on ridge.The method of the invention, solves the difficult problem that saline land greening is difficult to continue.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
2009-2010 years, carry out experiment and demonstration in the no longer cultivated heavy salinized ground of Kelamayi agricultural development:
Mix sand and improve soil structure
A, select heavily salted soil for the sticky heavy saline heavily hardened, glue feature that is heavy and permeability difference for soil, take the mode of mixing husky improvement to improve soil water permeability, to green belt 40cm topsoil by volume 20% ratio mix husky process, plough dark 0.4m;
First Year is afforested
B, sowing: by the parallel laying irrigate band of spacing 0.6m, by Suaeda salsa seed broadcasting in both sides, irrigate band, form the seeding belt of 0.3m;
C, irrigation: after planting pour water immediately, the seeding stage poured water 1 time every 2 days, pour water with wetted front just arrived two adjacent irrigate band center lines for degree, carry out moisturizing when being 15% with soil moisture after seedling stage, each irrigation quantity controls at 120m
3/ hm
2;
D, harvesting: take out of after the acrial part of Suaeda salsa being gathered in during late October to early November;
Second Year is afforested
E, ditching, ridging: along parallel greenbelt direction, spacing 3.0m ditches, and furrow width 1.5m, degree of depth 0.4m, be laid in adjacent mesocolpium territory by the earthwork tripped out in ditch, forms ridge;
F, planting technique: on ridge, plant 3 row shrubs is shrubby flase indigo and Chinese tamarisk, the first row plantation Chinese tamarisk, second row plantation shrubby flase indigo, the third line plantation Chinese tamarisk, by that analogy, broadcasts sowing daghestan sweet clover in the ranks in shrub, along shrub row to laying irrigate band, in the cunette of ridge, broadcast sowing Suaeda salsa, adopt micro-spray or the two row irrigate band modes of laying to irrigate, each irrigation quantity reaches 0.2m for degree with the vertical wetted front of soil;
G, harvesting: take out of after being gathered in by the acrial part of Suaeda salsa during late October to early November, on ridge daghestan sweet clover rotary tillage also field.
Embodiment 2
2011-2012 years, newly-ploughed saline land, little Guai township, Kelamayi is tested:
Mix sand and improve soil structure
A, select heavily salted soil for the sticky heavy saline heavily hardened, glue feature that is heavy and permeability difference for soil, take the mode of mixing husky improvement to improve soil water permeability, to green belt 40cm topsoil by volume 20% ratio mix husky process, plough dark 0.4m;
First Year is afforested
B, sowing: by the parallel laying irrigate band of spacing 0.8m, by Suaeda salsa seed broadcasting in both sides, irrigate band, form the seeding belt of 0.4m;
C, irrigation: after planting pour water immediately, the seeding stage poured water 1 time every 2 days, pour water with wetted front just arrived two adjacent irrigate band center lines for degree, carry out moisturizing when being 15% with soil moisture after seedling stage, each irrigation quantity controls at 150m
3/ hm
2;
D, harvesting: take out of after the acrial part of Suaeda salsa being gathered in during late October to early November;
Second Year is afforested
E, ditching, ridging: along parallel greenbelt direction, spacing 4.0m ditches, and furrow width 2.0m, degree of depth 0.4m, be laid in adjacent mesocolpium territory by the earthwork tripped out in ditch, forms ridge;
F, planting technique: on ridge, plant 3 row shrubs is shrubby flase indigo and Chinese tamarisk, the first row plantation Chinese tamarisk, second row plantation shrubby flase indigo, the third line plantation Chinese tamarisk, broadcast sowing daghestan sweet clover in the ranks in shrub by that analogy, along shrub row to laying irrigate band, in the cunette of ridge, broadcast sowing Suaeda salsa, adopt micro-spray or the two row irrigate band modes of laying to irrigate, each irrigation quantity reaches 0.2-0.3m for degree with the vertical wetted front of soil;
G, harvesting: take out of after being gathered in by the acrial part of Suaeda salsa during late October to early November, on ridge daghestan sweet clover rotary tillage also field.
The present invention shows at Kelamayi agricultural development and the test of little Guai township saline land greening, implement the inventive method, soil physico-chemical property improves, the bulk density of soil by the 1.5-1.8 before transforming reduce to 1.1-1.3, pH average by the 7.6-8.8 before transforming reduce to 7.4-7.8, soil salt content by before transforming 2.3%-3.4% reduces to 1.2%-2.4%, ground surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon also disappears substantially, shrub survival rate is to more than 80%, and former exposed earth's surface cover degree reaches more than 90%.
Claims (1)
1. an arid biogeographic zone heavily salted original soil greening method, is characterized in that following these steps to carry out:
Mix sand and improve soil structure:
A, select heavily salted soil, the mode taking to mix husky improvement improves soil water permeability, and 20% mix husky process by volume to green belt 40cm topsoil, plough dark 0.4m, wherein selected heavily salted soil is the sticky heavy saline heavily hardened;
First Year is afforested:
B, sowing: by the parallel laying irrigate band of spacing 0.6-0.8m, by Suaeda salsa seed broadcasting in both sides, irrigate band, form the seeding belt of 0.3-0.4m;
C, irrigation: after planting pour water immediately, the seeding stage poured water 1 time every 2 days, pour water with wetted front just arrived two adjacent irrigate band center lines for degree, carry out moisturizing when being 15% with soil moisture after seedling stage, each irrigation quantity controls at 120m
3/ hm
2-150m
3/ hm
2;
D, harvesting: take out of after the acrial part of Suaeda salsa being gathered in during late October to early November;
Second Year is afforested:
E, ditching, ridging: open parallel ditch along greenbelt direction, spacing 3.0m, furrow width 1.0-1.5m, degree of depth 0.4m, be laid in adjacent mesocolpium territory by the earthwork tripped out in ditch, forms ridge;
F, planting technique: on ridge, plant 3 row shrubs is shrubby flase indigo and Chinese tamarisk, daghestan sweet clover is broadcasted sowing in the ranks in shrub, along shrub row to laying irrigate band, Suaeda salsa is broadcasted sowing in the cunette of ridge, adopt micro-spray or the two row irrigate band modes of laying to irrigate, each irrigation quantity reaches 0.2-0.3m for degree with the vertical wetted front of soil, and wherein ridge being planted 3 row shrubs is the first row plantation Chinese tamarisk, second row plantation shrubby flase indigo, the third line plantation Chinese tamarisk;
G, harvesting: take out of after being gathered in by the acrial part of Suaeda salsa during late October to early November, on ridge daghestan sweet clover rotary tillage also field.
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| CN105638017A (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2016-06-08 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Method for improving hardened viscous heavy saline soil in arid region |
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Effective date of registration: 20210927 Address after: 830011 No. 40 South Beijing Road, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, attached 3 Patentee after: XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Address before: 830011 No. 40 South Beijing Road, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, attached 3 Patentee before: XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Patentee before: Karamay Karamay Municipal Public Administration Bureau |
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Effective date of registration: 20230425 Address after: 832021 No. 054, Building 5, Yinxinyuan, Community 56, Development Zone, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Patentee after: Xinjiang Zhongnong Hongyuan Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 830011 No. 40 South Beijing Road, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, attached 3 Patentee before: XINJIANG INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES |