CN109169048B - Method for cultivating oilseed rape for feeding in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for cultivating oilseed rape for feeding in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating rape for feeding in saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of development and utilization of saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps: 1) deep ploughing and harrowing the saline-alkali soil to obtain a flat land; 2) sowing seeds of rape for feed on the flat land in the step 1), and watering; the feeding rape comprises saline-alkali tolerant and drought resistant feeding rape varieties; 3) and (4) performing field management after rape seeds emerge, and harvesting when the rape is in a full-bloom stage. The rape emergence rate by utilizing the method is 1.49-2.13 times of that of the conventional scheme, and the rape yield is 1.63-2.54 times of that of the conventional scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil development and utilization, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating rape fed in saline-alkali soil.
Background
The salinization of soil is a worldwide problem, 9913 million hectares of saline-alkali soil exist in China, about 14.7 hundred million acres of saline-alkali soil exist, and nearly 100 cities in China are located in saline-alkali soil distribution areas. The yield reduction and the land abandoning caused by salinization of agricultural cultivated land are about 5 hundred million mu, and the method is mainly concentrated in arid and semiarid regions in the north China, the northwest China and the northeast China. In addition, in the cultivation process, the chemical fertilizer is excessively applied for a long time, so that the secondary salinization of soil is aggravated, the soil is hardened seriously, and the salinized and alkalized soil is continuously enlarged.
The salinized land area of Neigonghui, Bao and Hubei areas is 4745 ten thousand mu, because of the irrational use of land, the area of the total cultivated land is continuously increased and enlarged by 5 percent each year, the saline-alkali harm causes a large amount of middle and low yield fields and poor conditions of farmers, and the large area soil resource is difficult to utilize. For decades, the nation invests a great deal of manpower, financial resources and material resources to reform the saline-alkali soil, but the problem of salinization of the soil is still difficult to inhibit.
As a nonrenewable land resource, saline-alkali land and desert land, 80% of the land resources are not utilized in China. Even if the plants are planted in the saline-alkali soil improved by the soil conditioner, the salt in the saline-alkali soil seriously damages the root systems of the plants, and the root systems of the plants are harmed by the salt and grow badly and are premature. Saline-alkali soil has more salt, white saline-alkali sediment is usually on the soil surface, ventilation and water permeation are poor, plant root systems are often poisoned, rotten roots and dead, and even a large amount of fertilizer is put into use, the fertilizer cannot be absorbed and utilized by crops, so that the negative effects of high input and low output are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for cultivating oilseed rape fed in saline-alkali soil, which can improve the emergence rate and yield of the oilseed rape fed in saline-alkali soil and improve the comprehensive utilization degree of the saline-alkali soil.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for cultivating rape for feeding in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: 1) deeply ploughing, leveling and harrowing the saline-alkali soil; 2) sowing seeds of rape for feeding on the land leveled in the step 1), and watering for emergence; the feeding rape comprises saline-alkali tolerant and drought resistant feeding rape varieties; 3) and (4) performing field management after rape seeds emerge, and harvesting when the rape is in a full-bloom stage.
Preferably, the saline-alkali soil in the step 1) comprises saline-alkali soil in an arid region, the pH value of the soil in a 0-20 cm soil layer on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil is 8.5-10.0, and the soil salt content of the saline-alkali soil is 9-15 g/kg.
Preferably, the depth of the deep ploughing in the step 1) is not less than 40 cm.
Preferably, the sowing in the step 2) is realized by sowing the rape seeds and a seed fertilizer in a mixing way, wherein the seed fertilizer comprises calcium superphosphate.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the rape seeds to the seed fertilizer is 1: (10-20).
Preferably, the sowing mode comprises drill sowing, the sowing depth is 0.3-0.8 cm, and the sowing quantity of the seeds is 500-1000 g/mu.
Preferably, the irrigation frequency of the water for emergence in the step 2) is 2-3 times, and the interval time between two adjacent irrigation times is 5-7 days.
Preferably, the field management in the step 3) comprises water and fertilizer management and pesticide spraying.
Preferably, the water and fertilizer management comprises: watering for the 1 st time after the seeds emerge for 10 days; watering the 2 nd time water when 3-4 leaves are planted, and squatting seedlings; watering the 3 rd time when 6-7 leaves are planted, and applying 5 kg/mu of urea along with water; watering the 4 th time when 8-9 leaves are planted, and applying 8-10 kg/mu of urea along with water; watering for 2-3 times after 10 leaves, and applying 4-6 kg/mu of urea with water each time.
Preferably, the spraying of the pesticide comprises spraying an aqueous solution of the beta-cypermethrin and the abamectin.
The invention provides a method for cultivating rape for feeding in saline-alkali soil, which is characterized in that deep ploughing in the saline-alkali soil causes a plough layer to be loose, and good air permeability and water and fertilizer retention performance are generated; land leveling, ensuring irrigation times and irrigation quantity and preventing salt spots from being generated; the rape is harvested in the full-bloom stage, so that the highest nutritional ingredients and content of the rape can be ensured, and meanwhile, the yield and the relative feeding value of crude protein are considered; and the biomass is the largest in the full-bloom stage, and the harvesting and ensiling benefits are the best at the moment. In the embodiment of the invention, the rape is planted in different saline-alkali areas in Xinjiang, the emergence rate of the rape is improved by 0.49-1.13 times, the yield is improved by 0.63-1.54 times, and the comprehensive utilization rate of the saline-alkali soil is obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for cultivating rape for feeding in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: 1) deeply ploughing, leveling and harrowing the saline-alkali soil; 2) sowing seeds of rape for feeding on the land leveled in the step 1), and watering for emergence; the feeding rape comprises saline-alkali tolerant and drought resistant feeding rape varieties; 3) and (4) performing field management after rape seeds emerge, and harvesting when the rape is in a full-bloom stage.
The method for cultivating the rape for the feed in the saline-alkali soil comprises deep ploughing, land leveling and raking of the saline-alkali soil. The saline-alkali soil preferably comprises saline-alkali soil in an arid region, the pH value of the soil in a 0-20 cm soil layer on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil is 8.5-10.0, and the soil salinity content of the saline-alkali soil is 9-15 g/kg. The depth of deep ploughing is preferably not less than 40cm, and harrowing and soil breaking and land leveling after deep ploughing are more preferred. The method of deep ploughing and raking is not particularly limited in the present invention, and conventional methods in the art may be used. The deep ploughing and harrowing can avoid the generation of great soil and reduce salt spots, thereby improving the rate of emergence. The ploughing layer is loosened by deep ploughing, and the ploughing layer has good air permeability and water and fertilizer retention performance; the land is leveled, the uniform irrigation is ensured, and the salt spots are prevented; the soil is finely crushed to ensure the seeding quality.
After the harrowed land is obtained, the invention seeds the forage on the harrowed landRape seeds are watered with seedling water; the feeding rape comprises a saline-alkali tolerant and drought resistant feeding rape variety. The method of seeding according to the present invention preferably comprises mechanical drilling. The sowing depth is preferably 0.3-0.8 cm, and more preferably 0.6-0.8 cm. The sowing amount of the sowing seeds is preferably 500-1000 g/mu, more preferably 650-900 g/mu and most preferably 800 g/mu. The seeding rate of the invention can ensure the seedling number and the seedling protection number of the saline-alkali land. The variety and the source of the saline-alkali tolerant and drought-resistant feed rape are not particularly limited, and in the embodiment of the invention, No. 62 Hua-YOU hybrid is preferably selected for sowing. The sowing of the invention is preferably to sow the rape seeds and the seed manure which preferably comprises calcium superphosphate. The mass ratio of the rape seeds to the seed fertilizer is preferably 1: (10-20), more preferably 1: (13-16), and most preferably 1: 15. The mixing method of the rape seeds and the seed manure is not specially limited, and the rape seeds and the seed manure can be uniformly mixed by utilizing the conventional mixing mode in the field. The seed fertilizer can control the seeding quantity and the seeding uniformity, and improve the seeding quality; in addition, the superphosphate can supply phosphorus, calcium and other elements to plants, and has the effect of improving alkaline soil. The irrigation frequency of the seedling emergence water is preferably 2-3 times, more preferably 2 times, and the irrigation interval time of the seedling emergence water in each time is preferably 5-7 days, more preferably 6 days. The preferable irrigation amount of the seedling emergence water is 20-30 m3Each mu is used for one time. The emergence water is preferably obtained by drip irrigation. The drip irrigation tape is laid while the rape is sowed, water is dripped within 24 hours after the sowing is finished, and small-flow water dripping is performed under a low-pressure state during water dripping, so that the moisture is vertically infiltrated, the germination and seedling emergence of the rapes are facilitated, otherwise hard shells are easily formed, and seedlings are difficult to arch soil. In the invention, when the seedling water is irrigated, soil conditioner is preferably applied along with the water. The total dosage of the soil saline-alkali improver is preferably 4-6 kg/mu, and the soil saline-alkali improver is applied to seedling emergence water along with water drops for 2-3 kg/mu per time. The source of the soil conditioner is not particularly limited, and the soil conditioner preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of urea phosphate and 40 parts of potassium humate.
The invention is ready for oilAnd (4) performing field management after the rape seeds emerge, and harvesting when the rape is in a full-bloom stage. The field management of the invention preferably comprises water and fertilizer management and pesticide spraying. The water and fertilizer management of the invention preferably comprises: watering the 1 st water after the seeds emerge for 10 days, watering the 2 nd water when 3-4 leaves are planted, and squatting the seedlings; watering the 3 rd time when 6-7 leaves are planted, and applying 5 kg/mu of urea along with water; watering the 4 th time when 8-9 leaves are planted, and applying 8-10 kg/mu of urea along with water; watering for 2-3 times after 10 leaves, and applying 4-6 kg/mu of urea with water each time. The invention preferably waters 10 leaves according to local weather, growth vigor and saline-alkali soil conditions. The watering is preferably performed by drip irrigation, and the water amount of each drip irrigation is preferably 30-40 m3The total water amount watered after emergence of seedlings is preferably 220-250 m3Per mu.
The pesticide spraying of the invention preferably comprises spraying of an aqueous solution of beta-cypermethrin and abamectin. The preferred dosage ratio of the beta-cypermethrin to the abamectin to the water is 20-35 ml per mu: 25-40 ml: 20kg, more preferably 25-32 ml: 30-38 ml: 20kg, most preferably 30 ml: 35 ml: 20 kg. The mass concentration of the beta-cypermethrin is preferably 3-6%, more preferably 4-5%, and most preferably 4.5%. The mass concentration of the abamectin is preferably 1-3%, more preferably 1.5-2%, and most preferably 1.8%. The aqueous solution of the beta-cypermethrin and the abamectin can be sprayed to prevent and control cabbage caterpillars and aphids.
The invention harvests in the full-bloom period of rape. The method of harvesting is not particularly limited in the present invention, and harvesting may be performed by a conventional method in the art. The full-bloom period of the rape is the period with the highest nutrient content and content, and the yield and the relative feeding value of crude protein can be considered; and the biomass is the largest in the full-bloom stage, and the harvesting and ensiling benefits are the best at the moment.
The method for cultivating oilseed rape as a feed in saline-alkali soil according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In Kashi dry saline-alkali soil in Xinjiang(pH 9.0, total salt content 0.91%) cultivation of feeding rape Hua YOU ZAO No. 62: the soil plowing depth is more than 40cm, and harrowing, soil breaking and land leveling are carried out in time after plowing; uniformly mixing the oilseed rape for feed and calcium superphosphate according to the mass ratio of 1:15, and drilling by using a drilling machine; the sowing depth is 0.6cm, and the sowing quantity is 800 g/mu; and (3) laying ground branch pipes and auxiliary pipes, connecting capillary pipes and running and debugging while sowing. Dripping seedling water for 2 times within 24 hours after sowing, wherein the dripping amount is 30m3The saline-alkali soil conditioner is dripped along with water at a drip interval of 6 days every mu/time, and the drip time of seedling water is 2.5 kg/mu/time.
Dripping 1 st water after the seedlings of the rapes emerge for 10 days, dripping 2 nd water when 3-4 leaves are formed, and squatting; dripping 3 rd time water when 6-7 leaves are planted, and dripping 5 kg/mu of urea with the water, dripping 4 th time water when 8-9 leaves are planted, and dripping 8 kg/mu of urea with the water; dripping water for 2-3 times after 10 leaves, and applying 6 kg/mu of urea with water every time.
In the growth period, 20kg of aqueous solution of 30mL of beta-cypermethrin (with the mass concentration of 4.5%) and 35mL of abamectin (with the mass concentration of 1.8%) is sprayed to prevent and control cabbage caterpillars and aphids.
And harvesting the rapes in the full-bloom stage.
The statistic result shows that the rape emergence rate is 91 percent, and the yield after harvesting is 5620 kg/mu.
Comparative example
In the same area, after the previous crops are harvested, the plowing depth is above 25 cm.
The wheel tractor or the combined land preparation machine is used for shallow ploughing, raking, land leveling and ground leveling, the rape seeds are generally small in grain size and poor in top soil, the quality requirement of land preparation can achieve 'leveling, loosening, crushing, cleaning and soil moisture', soil is deficient and full, and a foundation is laid for one-time sowing and full-seedling.
At a rate of 666.7m21.8-2.2 ten thousand seedlings are counted, and each 666.7m2Sowing the seeds with the volume of 800g Hua-you-za No. 62, sowing seeds with fertilizer at a rate of 666.7m25kg of diammonium phosphate.
Mechanical drilling with the row spacing of 30cm is adopted. The sowing depth is preferably 2cm to 3cm, and the plant spacing is 8cm to 10 cm. The sowing can be realized by soil moisture conservation, even sowing, shallow covering and no seed leakage. When the soil moisture is insufficient, the soil can be pressed along the sowing line.
Rape is dicotyledonous crop, the seedling has weak soil-bearing capacity, so the seedling should be checked and reseeded in time after emergence to prevent ridge breaking, generally 70cm seedling shortage should be reseeded continuously, and the reseeded seeds are germinated in advance to facilitate consistent seedling conditions and later mechanical operation.
Thinning before 3 leaves stage and final-setting at 5 leaves stage according to the principle of removing weakness, keeping strong, removing disease, keeping strong, removing small, keeping big, removing impurity, keeping pure and removing dense, and keeping uniform. The density of the seedlings is 1.8-2.2 ten thousand plants/666.7 m2。
The urea is generally applied for 1 time in the 4-5 leaf stage after the final singling in the rape field, and the application amount is 8kg/667m2(ii) a Applying urea for 1 time in the bud and tongue stage at an application rate of 12kg/667m2。
The pests of the rape in the seedling stage mainly have flea beetles, the pests can be prevented and controlled by using 1500-time killing liquid for foliage spraying at present, aphids are seriously damaged from flowering to pod bearing stage of the rape, and pesticide control is carried out in time when the ratio of the number of the enemies to the aphids reaches 1: 250. The pesticide adopts 3 percent acetamiprid missible oil 20ml/666.7m2Or 40-50 ml/666.7m of Aspalathus aphid missible oil2And spraying with water.
Diseases of Xinjiang rape are light, particularly the disease resistance of cabbage type rape is strong, and powdery mildew and sclerotinia rot easily occur in continuous rainy days. The chemical prevention and control adopts the combination of seed dressing and spraying, the spraying adopts 50 percent prochloraz manganese salt wettable powder, 50 percent tacrine wettable powder and 50 percent dimethachlon wettable powder, the rape is sprayed for 1 time in the initial flowering and full flowering periods respectively, and the dosage of the pesticide is 750-1000 times of liquid 30-40 g/666.7m2And (4) spraying on leaf surfaces.
Rape is a dicotyledonous plant, and weeds in the field are mainly pulled out at any time by manpower during the growth period, and are generally completed at one time by combining thinning and final singling.
Harvesting is carried out in the full-bloom stage, the statistical result shows that the emergence rate is 60 percent, and the yield after harvesting is 2960 kg/mu.
Example 2
The cultivation of feeding rape Hua YOU ZAO No. 62 is carried out on the drought and saline-alkali soil (pH is 10.8, and the total salt content is 0.96 percent) of the Xinjiang rock river: the ploughing depth of the soil is more than 40cm, and the ploughing is carried outHarrowing, breaking soil and leveling land in time after ploughing; uniformly mixing the oilseed rape for feed and calcium superphosphate according to the mass ratio of 1:15, and drilling by using a drilling machine; the sowing depth is 1cm, and the sowing quantity is 800 g/mu; and (3) laying ground branch pipes and auxiliary pipes, connecting capillary pipes and running and debugging while sowing. Dripping seedling water for 2 times within 24 hours after sowing, wherein the dripping amount is 18m3The saline-alkali soil conditioner is dripped along with water at a drip interval of 6 days every mu/time, and the drip time of seedling water is 2.5 kg/mu/time.
Dripping 1 st water after the seedlings of the rapes emerge for 10 days, dripping 2 nd water when 3-4 leaves are dripped, and applying 2 kg/mu of urea along with water to squat the seedlings; dripping 3 rd time water when 6-7 leaves are planted, and dripping 5 kg/mu of urea with the water, dripping 4 th time water when 8-9 leaves are planted, and dripping 8 kg/mu of urea with the water; dripping water for 2-3 times after 10 leaves, and applying 4 kg/mu of urea with water every time.
In the growth period, aqueous solution of beta-cypermethrin (with mass concentration of 4.5%) and abamectin (with mass concentration of 1.8%) is sprayed to prevent and control cabbage caterpillars and aphids.
And harvesting the rapes in the full-bloom stage.
The statistic result shows that the rape emergence rate is 83 percent, and the yield after harvesting is 4820 kg/mu.
Comparative example
In the same area, after the previous crops are harvested, the plowing depth is above 25 cm.
The wheel tractor or the combined land preparation machine is used for shallow ploughing, raking, land leveling and ground leveling, the rape seeds are generally small in grain size and poor in top soil, the quality requirement of land preparation can achieve 'leveling, loosening, crushing, cleaning and soil moisture', soil is deficient and full, and a foundation is laid for one-time sowing and full-seedling.
At a rate of 666.7m21.8-2.2 ten thousand seedlings are counted, and each 666.7m2Sowing the seeds with the volume of 800g Hua-you-za No. 62, sowing seeds with fertilizer at a rate of 666.7m25kg of diammonium phosphate.
Mechanical drilling with the row spacing of 30cm is adopted. The sowing depth is preferably 2cm to 3cm, and the plant spacing is 8cm to 10 cm. The sowing can be realized by soil moisture conservation, even sowing, shallow covering and no seed leakage. When the soil moisture is insufficient, the soil can be pressed along the sowing line.
Rape is dicotyledonous crop, the seedling has weak soil-bearing capacity, so the seedling should be checked and reseeded in time after emergence to prevent ridge breaking, generally 70cm seedling shortage should be reseeded continuously, and the reseeded seeds are germinated in advance to facilitate consistent seedling conditions and later mechanical operation.
Thinning before 3 leaves stage and final-setting at 5 leaves stage according to the principle of removing weakness, keeping strong, removing disease, keeping strong, removing small, keeping big, removing impurity, keeping pure and removing dense, and keeping uniform. The density of the seedlings is 1.8-2.2 ten thousand plants/666.7 m2。
The urea is generally applied for 1 time in the 4-5 leaf stage after the final singling in the rape field, and the application amount is 8kg/667m2(ii) a Applying urea for 1 time in the bud and tongue stage at an application rate of 12kg/667m2。
The pests of the rape in the seedling stage mainly have flea beetles, the pests can be prevented and controlled by using 1500-time killing liquid for foliage spraying at present, aphids are seriously damaged from flowering to pod bearing stage of the rape, and pesticide control is carried out in time when the ratio of the number of the enemies to the aphids reaches 1: 250. The pesticide adopts 3 percent acetamiprid missible oil 20ml/666.7m2Or 40-50 ml/666.7m of Aspalathus aphid missible oil2And spraying with water.
Diseases of Xinjiang rape are light, particularly the disease resistance of cabbage type rape is strong, and powdery mildew and sclerotinia rot easily occur in continuous rainy days. The chemical prevention and control adopts the combination of seed dressing and spraying, the spraying adopts 50 percent prochloraz manganese salt wettable powder, 50 percent tacrine wettable powder and 50 percent dimethachlon wettable powder, the rape is sprayed for 1 time in the initial flowering and full flowering periods respectively, and the dosage of the pesticide is 750-1000 times of liquid 30-40 g/666.7m2And (4) spraying on leaf surfaces.
Rape is a dicotyledonous plant, and weeds in the field are mainly pulled out at any time by manpower during the growth period, and are generally completed at one time by combining thinning and final singling.
Harvesting is carried out in the full-bloom stage, the calculated emergence rate is 39%, and the yield after harvesting is 1900 kg/mu.
Example 3
Cultivation of feeding rape Hua YOU miscellaneous No. 62 at Qutun, Xinjiang (pH 8.7, total salt content 1.2%): the soil plowing depth is more than 40cm, and harrowing, soil breaking and land leveling are carried out in time after plowing; mixing the rape seeds for feed and calcium superphosphate according to the mass ratio of 1:15, uniformly mixing, and drilling by using a drilling machine; the sowing depth is 0.8cm, and the sowing quantity is 800 g/mu; and (3) laying ground branch pipes and auxiliary pipes, connecting capillary pipes and running and debugging while sowing. Dripping seedling water for 2 times within 24 hours after sowing, wherein the dripping amount is 18m3The saline-alkali soil conditioner is dripped along with water at a drip interval of 6 days every mu/time, and the drip time of seedling water is 2.5 kg/mu/time.
Dripping 1 st water after the seedlings of the rapes emerge for 10 days, dripping 2 nd water when 3-4 leaves are dripped, and applying 2 kg/mu of urea along with water to squat the seedlings; dripping 3 rd time water when 6-7 leaves are planted, and dripping 5 kg/mu of urea with the water, dripping 4 th time water when 8-9 leaves are planted, and dripping 8 kg/mu of urea with the water; dripping water for 2-3 times after 10 leaves, and applying 5 kg/mu of urea with water each time.
In the growth period, aqueous solution of beta-cypermethrin (with mass concentration of 4.5%) and abamectin (with mass concentration of 1.8%) is sprayed to prevent and control cabbage caterpillars and aphids.
And harvesting the rapes in the full-bloom stage.
The statistic result shows that the emergence rate of the rape is 86 percent, and the yield after harvesting is 4770 kg/mu.
Comparative example
In the same area, after the previous crops are harvested, the plowing depth is above 25 cm.
The wheel tractor or the combined land preparation machine is used for shallow ploughing, raking, land leveling and ground leveling, the rape seeds are generally small in grain size and poor in top soil, the quality requirement of land preparation can achieve 'leveling, loosening, crushing, cleaning and soil moisture', soil is deficient and full, and a foundation is laid for one-time sowing and full-seedling.
At a rate of 666.7m21.8-2.2 ten thousand seedlings are counted, and each 666.7m2Sowing the seeds with the volume of 800g Hua-you-za No. 62, sowing seeds with fertilizer at a rate of 666.7m25kg of diammonium phosphate.
Mechanical drilling with the row spacing of 30cm is adopted. The sowing depth is preferably 2cm to 3cm, and the plant spacing is 8cm to 10 cm. The sowing can be realized by soil moisture conservation, even sowing, shallow covering and no seed leakage. When the soil moisture is insufficient, the soil can be pressed along the sowing line.
Rape is dicotyledonous crop, the seedling has weak soil-bearing capacity, so the seedling should be checked and reseeded in time after emergence to prevent ridge breaking, generally 70cm seedling shortage should be reseeded continuously, and the reseeded seeds are germinated in advance to facilitate consistent seedling conditions and later mechanical operation.
Thinning before 3 leaves stage and final-setting at 5 leaves stage according to the principle of removing weakness, keeping strong, removing disease, keeping strong, removing small, keeping big, removing impurity, keeping pure and removing dense, and keeping uniform. The density of the seedlings is 1.8-2.2 ten thousand plants/666.7 m2。
The urea is generally applied for 1 time in the 4-5 leaf stage after the final singling in the rape field, and the application amount is 8kg/667m2(ii) a Applying urea for 1 time in the bud and tongue stage at an application rate of 12kg/667m2。
The pests of the rape in the seedling stage mainly have flea beetles, the pests can be prevented and controlled by using 1500-time killing liquid for foliage spraying at present, aphids are seriously damaged from flowering to pod bearing stage of the rape, and pesticide control is carried out in time when the ratio of the number of the enemies to the aphids reaches 1: 250. The pesticide adopts 3 percent acetamiprid missible oil 20ml/666.7m2Or 40-50 ml/666.7m of Aspalathus aphid missible oil2And spraying with water.
Diseases of Xinjiang rape are light, particularly the disease resistance of cabbage type rape is strong, and powdery mildew and sclerotinia rot easily occur in continuous rainy days. The chemical prevention and control adopts the combination of seed dressing and spraying, the spraying adopts 50 percent prochloraz manganese salt wettable powder, 50 percent tacrine wettable powder and 50 percent dimethachlon wettable powder, the rape is sprayed for 1 time in the initial flowering and full flowering periods respectively, and the dosage of the pesticide is 750-1000 times of liquid 30-40 g/666.7m2And (4) spraying on leaf surfaces.
Rape is a dicotyledonous plant, and weeds in the field are mainly pulled out at any time by manpower during the growth period, and are generally completed at one time by combining thinning and final singling.
Harvesting is carried out in the full-bloom stage, the calculated emergence rate is 50%, and the yield after harvesting is 2910 kg/mu.
The method for cultivating the rape for the saline-alkali soil feed has the advantages that the rape emergence rate is 1.49-2.13 times that of a conventional scheme, and the rape yield is 1.63-2.54 times that of the conventional scheme.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for cultivating rape for feeding in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: 1) deeply ploughing, leveling and harrowing the saline-alkali soil; 2) sowing seeds of rape for feeding on the land leveled in the step 1), and watering for emergence; the feeding rape comprises saline-alkali tolerant and drought resistant feeding rape varieties; 3) after the rape seeds emerge, performing field management, and harvesting when the rape is in a full-bloom stage;
the saline-alkali soil is a saline-alkali soil in an arid region, the pH value of a 0-20 cm soil layer on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil is 8.5-10.0, and the soil salinity content of the saline-alkali soil is 9-15 g/kg;
the rape in the step 2) is No. 62 rape;
the sowing in the step 2) is to mix and sow the rape seeds for feeding and the seed fertilizer, wherein the seed fertilizer is calcium superphosphate;
the mass ratio of the rape seeds for feeding to the seed fertilizer is 1: (10-20);
the sowing mode comprises drill sowing, the sowing depth is 0.3-0.8 cm, and the sowing quantity of seeds is 500-1000 g/mu;
step 1), the depth of deep ploughing is not less than 40 cm;
watering the seedling emergence water for 2-3 times, wherein the interval time between watering of two adjacent seedling emergence waters is 5-7 days;
step 3), the field management comprises water and fertilizer management and pesticide spraying;
the water and fertilizer management comprises the following steps: watering for the 1 st time after the seeds emerge for 10 days; watering the 2 nd time water when 3-4 leaves are planted, and squatting seedlings; watering the 3 rd time when 6-7 leaves are planted, and applying 5 kg/mu of urea along with water; watering the 4 th time when 8-9 leaves are planted, and applying 8-10 kg/mu of urea along with water; watering for 2-3 times after 10 leaves, and applying 4-6 kg/mu of urea with water each time;
the pesticide spraying comprises spraying aqueous solution of beta-cypermethrin and abamectin.
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| CN201811338075.5A CN109169048B (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2018-11-12 | Method for cultivating oilseed rape for feeding in saline-alkali soil |
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| CN109964577A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-05 | 石河子大学 | Make the method for repair saline-land between a kind of forage rape and Suaeda salsa |
| CN110603923A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-24 | 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 | Biological improvement method for saline-alkali soil |
| CN114158437A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-11 | 大连工业大学 | Efficient cultivation method of cabbage type double-low rape and application of efficient cultivation method in saline-alkali soil |
| CN115581176A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-01-10 | 准格尔旗绿蒙康源农业发展有限责任公司 | Method for improving emergence rate and yield of rape planted in saline-alkali soil |
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