CN110583413A - Method for planting peanuts in Xinjiang saline-alkali soil through film mulching - Google Patents
Method for planting peanuts in Xinjiang saline-alkali soil through film mulching Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil by film mulching, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The steps of the method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil by film mulching comprise weeding before ploughing, applying a soil conditioner and a base fertilizer, ploughing the soil and ridging, sowing in due time and reasonably close planting, laying drip irrigation facilities, weeding before seedlings, laying a film, breaking the film and placing the seedlings, daily management and topdressing. In the process of planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil by film mulching, the technical scheme of the invention can effectively shorten the peanut emergence time, improve the peanut emergence rate and yield by applying the soil conditioner, so that the peanuts are better adapted to the saline-alkali soil environment, are suitable for planting peanuts in a large area in the saline-alkali soil, and increase the economic value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil through film mulching.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is a generic term for saline soil and alkaline earth. The saline soil mainly refers to saline soil with high chloride or sulfate content, and the soil is alkaline but not necessarily high in pH value. The alkaline earth is soil containing carbonate or heavy phosphate, the pH value is higher, the soil is alkaline, the content of organic matters in saline-alkali soil is low, the soil fertility is low, the physicochemical property is poor, more anions and cations are harmful to crops, and the seedlings of the crops are not easy to promote.
The area of the saline-alkali soil is wide in the world, according to incomplete statistics of textbook organization and grain grower organization of the united nations, the area of the saline-alkali soil is 9.5 hundred million hectares all over the world, wherein 9913 million hectares in China are close to 1 hundred million hectares, namely 15 hundred million acres. Wherein, 2.8 hundred million mu saline-alkali soil is in urgent need of transformation, and 1.4 hundred million mu of the 2.8 hundred million mu salinized land is within 18 hundred million mu of cultivated land red line, and the rest 1.4 hundred million mu is the unused land defined by the ministry of land resources.
Peanuts are annual herbaceous leguminous plants, and have abundant root nodules at the roots; the stem is upright or creeping, the length of the stem is 30-80 cm, the stem and the branch have edges, the stem is yellow and soft, and then the stem becomes hairless. The peanuts are drought-tolerant and are suitable for being planted in sandy soil; the Xinjiang saline-alkali soil is wide in area, wherein sandy saline-alkali soil is mainly used in the southern Xinjiang area, so that the research on an effective method for planting peanuts in the Xinjiang saline-alkali soil is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil by covering a film.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil by film mulching comprises the following steps:
1. weeding before ploughing
The herbicide acetochlor is sprayed 15-20 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation, 65-90mL (the herbicide is 90% of acetochlor missible oil, 900g/L) is sprayed on each mu of land, and the herbicide is uniformly sprayed.
2. Applying soil conditioner and base fertilizer
1 day before rotary tillage and soil preparation, spreading a soil conditioner with the dosage of 40-50kg per mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage and soil burying; after the soil conditioner is applied, 100-150kg of finished organic fertilizer and 40-50kg of ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are broadcast to each mu of land.
The soil conditioner consists of 25% of gypsum powder, 20% of weathered coal, 25% of humic acid, 10% of biogas residue, 15% of wheat straw powder and 5% of potassium sulfate;
3. plowing and ridging the land
After the soil conditioner and the base fertilizer are applied, the fertilizer and the soil conditioner are driven into the soil by a rotary cultivator in a rotary tillage way, and the rotary tillage penetration depth is 25-30 cm; and then, ridging is carried out by using a ridging machine according to the ridge width of 75-80cm, the ridge height of 24-27cm and the ridge distance of 25-30 cm.
4. Timely sowing and reasonable close planting
The sowing time of the summer sowing plastic film mulching peanut cultivation is 10-15 days earlier than the sowing time of the local open field peanut cultivation; the sowing depth is 3-4cm, 2-3 seeds are sowed in each hole, the row spacing is 35-45cm, and the plant spacing is 16-20 cm; covering soil after sowing to realize smooth compartment surface and convenient film covering.
5. Laying drip irrigation facility
After the peanut is sowed, a drip irrigation pipe is laid between every two lines, dissolved fertilizer is injected into a drip irrigation pipeline system when irrigation is carried out, and the dissolved fertilizer is dripped into the vicinity of a crop root system along with irrigation water, so that the water and fertilizer integrated application is achieved, and the waste of the fertilizer is avoided. Meanwhile, the average water consumption of drip irrigation under the film is 12% of that of the traditional irrigation mode, and the effect of saving water is effectively achieved.
6. Weeding before seedling
After the drip irrigation pipe is laid, the pre-seedling herbicide is sprayed, 72% of metolachlor is selected, 100-180mL of the herbicide is used per mu, 50L-100L of the herbicide is added into water, and then the mixture is sprayed on the ground surface, and the uniform spraying is required.
7. Laying films
Paving a plastic film after spraying the herbicide before the peanut field is sprayed, wherein the specification of the plastic film is selected to be 85cm wide and 0.008-0.01mm thick; after the film is laid, the film edge needs to be compacted to prevent the film from being blown by strong wind; and simultaneously, checking whether the mulching film is intact or not, and sealing the land with the broken opening in time.
8. Breaking membrane and releasing seedling
The peanut seedlings continuously emerge about 10 days after the seeding, when the cotyledons come out of the soil, the film is broken by a sharp knife or a bamboo pole to release the seedlings, so that one seedling is released and one seedling is released to prevent the seedlings from being burned at high temperature; when the seedlings are placed in the holes, the size of the broken holes is proper, preferably about 3 cm; and sealing the opening with fine soil while putting the seedling.
9. Daily management and top dressing
After the peanut seedlings emerge, irrigation management is well carried out, and drip irrigation is carried out once every 3 to 5 days; the water-soluble fertilizer is used in the growth period and is dripped near the root system of the crop along with the irrigation water, so that the water-fertilizer integrated application is achieved, and the waste of the fertilizer is avoided; and the weed control work is well done.
The beneficial effects of the invention include: the method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil by mulching can improve the emergence rate of the peanuts, has the effect of strengthening the seedlings, has good growth vigor and luxuriant branches and leaves, and can adapt to growth in the saline-alkali soil.
When peanuts are planted in summer, wheat is harvested, and rich wheat straw resources are provided; the gypsum and the weathered coal can adsorb sodium ions in soil salt; the weathered coal can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and increase the number of water-stable aggregates and micro-aggregates in the soil; after the wheat straw powder and the biogas residues are mixed, the organic matter content in the soil can be effectively increased, and the soil fertility is increased.
Detailed Description
Terms used in the present invention have generally meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following data in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1 peanut planting in saline-alkali soil with Xinjiang salt content of 4.5 per mill and pH of 8.3 by film mulching
(1) Experimental group
The planting field is sandy soil, 90 percent of acetochlor missible oil and 65-90 mL/mu are sprayed in 15 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation in sunny days, and water is added to the mixture for uniform spraying.
1 day before rotary tillage and soil preparation, spreading a soil conditioner (25% of gypsum powder, 20% of weathered coal, 25% of humic acid, 10% of biogas residue, 15% of wheat straw powder and 5% of potassium sulfate) in an amount of 40kg per mu; after the soil conditioner is applied, 130kg of finished organic fertilizer and 45kg of ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are broadcast in each mu of land.
After the soil conditioner and the base fertilizer are applied, the fertilizer and the soil conditioner are driven into the soil by a rotary cultivator in a rotary tillage way, and the rotary tillage penetration depth is 25 cm.
Ridging is carried out by using a ridging machine according to the ridge width of 80cm, the ridge height of 25cm and the ridge distance of 30 cm.
5, sowing in 5 th month, wherein the sowing depth is 3cm, 2 seeds are sowed in each hole, the row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 18 cm; covering soil after sowing to realize smooth compartment surface and convenient film covering.
After sowing, drip irrigation pipes are laid between the two rows.
After the drip irrigation pipe is laid, the pre-seedling herbicide is sprayed, 72% metolachlor is selected, 100-180mL of the herbicide is used per mu, 50-100L of the herbicide is added into water, and then the mixture is sprayed on the ground surface, and the uniform spraying is required.
Paving a plastic film after spraying the herbicide before the peanut field is sprayed with the seedlings, wherein the specification of the plastic film is selected to be 85cm wide and 0.01mm thick; after the film is laid, the film edge needs to be compacted to prevent the film from being blown by strong wind; and simultaneously, checking whether the mulching film is intact or not, and sealing the land with the broken opening in time.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) continuously sprouting peanuts after sowing, breaking membranes by using a sharp knife or a bamboo pole when cotyledons come out of the soil, and putting seedlings, so that one seedling is grown and put, and the seedlings are prevented from being burned at high temperature; when the seedlings are placed in the holes, the size of the broken holes is proper, preferably about 3 cm; and sealing the opening with fine soil while putting the seedling.
After the peanut seedlings emerge, irrigation management is well carried out, and drip irrigation is carried out once every 3 to 5 days; the water-soluble fertilizer is used in the growth period and is dripped near the root system of the crop along with the irrigation water, so that the water-fertilizer integrated application is achieved, and the waste of the fertilizer is avoided; and the weed control work is well done.
(2) Control group
The soil conditioner was not applied and the other operation was the same as the experimental group.
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 test record table
| Time of emergence (day) | Rate of emergence (%) | Yield (kg/mu) | |
| Experimental group | 8 | 95.2 | 305.3 |
| Control group | 11 | 77.3 | 197.1 |
Example 2 peanut planting in saline-alkali soil with Xinjiang salt content of 4.8 per mill and pH of 8.1 by film mulching
(1) Experimental group
The planting field is sandy soil, 90 percent of acetochlor missible oil is sprayed 20 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation, 65-90 mL/mu is sprayed in windless sunny days, and water is added for even spraying; .
1 day before rotary tillage and soil preparation, 45kg of soil conditioner (25% of gypsum powder, 20% of weathered coal, 25% of humic acid, 10% of biogas residue, 15% of wheat straw powder and 5% of potassium sulfate) is applied in a scattering mode per mu; after the soil conditioner is applied, 120kg of finished organic fertilizer and 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are broadcast in each mu of land.
After the soil conditioner and the base fertilizer are applied, the fertilizer and the soil conditioner are driven into the soil by a rotary cultivator in a rotary tillage way, and the rotary tillage penetration depth is 25 cm.
Ridging is carried out by using a ridging machine according to the ridge width of 80cm, the ridge height of 25cm and the ridge distance of 30 cm.
Sowing No. 3 in 5 months, wherein the sowing depth is 3cm, 2 seeds are sowed in each hole, the row spacing is 42cm, and the plant spacing is 17 cm; covering soil after sowing to realize smooth compartment surface and convenient film covering.
After sowing, drip irrigation pipes are laid between the two rows.
After the drip irrigation pipe is laid, the pre-seedling herbicide is sprayed, 72% metolachlor is selected, 100-180mL of the herbicide is used per mu, 50-100L of the herbicide is added into water, and then the mixture is sprayed on the ground surface, and the uniform spraying is required.
Paving a plastic film after spraying the herbicide before the peanut field is sprayed with the seedlings, wherein the specification of the plastic film is selected to be 85cm wide and 0.01mm thick; after the film is laid, the film edge needs to be compacted to prevent the film from being blown by strong wind; and simultaneously, checking whether the mulching film is intact or not, and sealing the land with the broken opening in time.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) continuously sprouting peanuts after sowing, breaking membranes by using a sharp knife or a bamboo pole when cotyledons come out of the soil, and putting seedlings, so that one seedling is grown and put, and the seedlings are prevented from being burned at high temperature; when the seedlings are placed in the holes, the size of the broken holes is proper, preferably about 3 cm; and sealing the opening with fine soil while putting the seedling.
After the peanut seedlings emerge, irrigation management is well carried out, and drip irrigation is carried out once every 3 to 5 days; the water-soluble fertilizer is used in the growth period and is dripped near the root system of the crop along with the irrigation water, so that the water-fertilizer integrated application is achieved, and the waste of the fertilizer is avoided; and the weed control work is well done.
(2) Control group
The proportion of the applied soil conditioner is replaced by 35 percent of gypsum powder, 10 percent of weathered coal, 25 percent of humic acid, 5 percent of biogas residue, 20 percent of wheat straw powder and 5 percent of potassium sulfate, and other operation modes are the same as those of the experimental group.
The test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 test record table
| Time of emergence (day) | Rate of emergence (%) | Yield (kg) | |
| Experimental group | 9 | 92.8 | 298.7 |
| Control group | 10 | 85.9 | 256.3 |
According to test results, the application of the soil conditioner can obviously shorten the emergence time of the peanuts, improve the emergence rate of the peanuts, enable the peanuts to adapt to the environment of saline-alkali soil and finally obtain higher yield.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a few embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but rather, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil by film mulching is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weeding before ploughing
Spraying 90% of herbicide acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate 65-90 mL/mu 15-20 days before rotary tillage and soil preparation, and adding water and spraying uniformly;
(2) applying soil conditioner and base fertilizer
Spreading a soil conditioner 1 day before rotary tillage and soil preparation; spreading the finished organic fertilizer of 100-150 kg/mu and the ternary compound fertilizer of 40-50 kg/mu;
(3) plowing and ridging the land
After the soil conditioner and the base fertilizer are applied, the fertilizer and the soil conditioner are driven into the soil by a rotary cultivator in a rotary tillage way, and the rotary tillage penetration depth is 25-30 cm; then, ridging is carried out by using a ridging machine, and ridging is carried out according to the ridge width of 75-80cm, the ridge height of 24-27cm and the ridge distance of 25-30 cm;
(4) timely sowing and reasonable close planting
The sowing time of the summer sowing plastic film mulching peanut cultivation is 10-15 days earlier than the sowing time of the local open field peanut cultivation; the sowing depth is 3-4cm, 2-3 seeds are sowed in each hole, the row spacing is 35-45cm, and the plant spacing is 16-20 cm; covering soil after sowing to achieve the purpose that the compartment surface is smooth and convenient for film covering;
(5) laying drip irrigation facility
After the peanut is sowed, paving a drip irrigation pipe between every two rows;
(6) weeding before seedling
After the drip irrigation pipe is laid, metolachlor with 72 percent of herbicide before seedling is sprayed, 100 plus 180mL of medicine is used per mu, 50L to 100L of water is added, and then the metolachlor is uniformly sprayed on the ground surface;
(7) laying films
Spraying a herbicide before seedling in the peanut field, then paving a plastic film, and compacting the film edge after film paving; simultaneously checking whether the mulching film is intact, and sealing the land parcel with the crevasses in time;
(8) breaking membrane and releasing seedling
When peanut cotyledons come out of the earth, breaking membranes and putting seedlings in time, wherein the size of a broken hole is about 3 cm; sealing the broken opening with fine soil while putting the seedling;
(9) daily management and top dressing
After the peanut seedlings emerge, irrigation management is well carried out, and drip irrigation is carried out once every 3 to 5 days; starting a drip irrigation facility, and dripping water and fertilizer near the root system of the crop to achieve water and fertilizer integration; preventing and killing weeds.
2. The method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil by mulching according to claim 1,
the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:
25% of gypsum powder, 20% of weathered coal, 25% of humic acid, 10% of biogas residue, 15% of wheat straw powder and 5% of potassium sulfate.
3. The method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil by mulching according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the using amount of the soil conditioner in the step 2) is 40-50 kg/mu.
4. The method for planting peanuts in saline-alkali soil by mulching as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 7), the specification of the plastic film is as follows: the width is 85cm, and the thickness is 0.008-0.01 mm.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111955298A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-20 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Crop rotation planting method for rice and winter wheat in saline-alkali soil |
| CN112005824A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-01 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Crop rotation planting method for winter wheat and peanuts in saline-alkali soil |
| CN112021104A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-04 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Method for planting saline-alkali tolerant rice in saline-alkali soil by broadcast sowing |
| CN112931120A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil |
| CN113951076A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-01-21 | 柳延涛 | Method for improving yield of peanuts planted in saline-alkali soil |
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| CN111955298A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-20 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Crop rotation planting method for rice and winter wheat in saline-alkali soil |
| CN112005824A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-01 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Crop rotation planting method for winter wheat and peanuts in saline-alkali soil |
| CN112021104A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-04 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Method for planting saline-alkali tolerant rice in saline-alkali soil by broadcast sowing |
| CN112931120A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil |
| CN112931120B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-01-24 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil |
| CN113951076A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-01-21 | 柳延涛 | Method for improving yield of peanuts planted in saline-alkali soil |
| CN113951076B (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-11-11 | 柳延涛 | Method for improving yield of peanuts planted in saline-alkali soil |
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