CN103013528A - Application of highly alkalized soil improvement agent - Google Patents
Application of highly alkalized soil improvement agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN103013528A CN103013528A CN2012105902493A CN201210590249A CN103013528A CN 103013528 A CN103013528 A CN 103013528A CN 2012105902493 A CN2012105902493 A CN 2012105902493A CN 201210590249 A CN201210590249 A CN 201210590249A CN 103013528 A CN103013528 A CN 103013528A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an application of a highly alkalized soil improvement agent in improving soil. The highly alkalized soil improvement agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 88-92 parts of desulfurized waste, 1-3 parts of inorganic accelerator, and 5-11 parts of organic accelerator. The highly alkalized soil improvement agent provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that calcium ions in the desulfurized waste are used to replace exchangeable sodium on the densityalkalized soil colloid, thus reducing the alkalization degree of the densityalkalized soil; at the same time, the excellent pore structure and physical property of the organic accelerator are used to improve the physical property of the soil and the granular structure of the soil, reduce the pH value of the soil, and improve the soil fertility; the inorganic accelerator can also improve the granular structure of the soil; in addition, with auxiliary inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer, the soil fertility of the soil can be further improved so as to provide nutrient contents for plant growth. To sum up, by adopting the scheme in the invention, unbalance of nutritive elements in the soil can be effectively overcome, the land capability is improved, the soil is loosened, and the fertilizer efficiency is increased, so that the soil salinization phenomenon is fundamentally harnessed step by step.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of chemical reagent that is used on the soil, in particular, relate to a kind of severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent and working method thereof, and the application of this severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent, the soil improvement field belonged to.
Background technology
The method of domestic soil improvement, especially alkaline land improving and technology are summed up roughly as follows: (1) is physically improved: level land, deep plough sun the earth which has been ploughed up, in time loosen the soil, raise landform, microcell is improved the soil; (2) water conservancy improvement: fill with deploying cover, storage fresh water on salinealkali land for leaching, washing salinity by irrigation, underground salt discharge; (3) chemical modifying: gypsuming, phosphogypsum, calcium superphosphate, humic acid, peat, acid-sludge etc.; (4) biological modification: rice cultivation, plantation salt-tolerant plant sesbania etc., or use germ fertilizer etc.
These improving technologies and method, existing ancient technology, as level land, deep plough sun the earth which has been ploughed up, in time loosen the soil, microcell is improved the soil, washing salinity by irrigation, rice cultivation, plantation salt-tolerant plant sesbania etc.; Tradition modification method in modern age is also arranged, as filling with deploying cover, storage fresh water on salinealkali land for leaching, washing salinity by irrigation, underground salt discharge and chemical modifying technology etc.; The novel soil conditioner (such as the NPK synergistic agent) that utilizes in addition the biological chemistry new technology to develop, and utilize type material and advanced operating technique to implement underground hidden pipe salt discharge engineering etc.
Chinese patent application CN1377936A disclosed " utilize waste gypsum plate produce the method and products thereof of saline-alkali soil conditioner and use ", principle is the exchangeable sodium in the calcium sulfate displacement soil that utilizes in the gypsum, just can be used for improveing soil but waste gypsum plate need to be processed fragmentation.If the modifying agent granularity is large after broken, then be unfavorable for the ion exchange reaction, improved effect is poor; If want broken rear modifying agent granularity very little, then to expend a large amount of energy, the cost height of soil improvement can't be born to the peasant.Chinese patent application CN101624523 disclosed " a kind of saline soil ", to form than by Tai-Ace S 150, ferrous ammonium sulphate and sal epsom mixed preparing by Different Weight, making this modifying agent needs a large amount of chemical raw materials, rather than utilizes trade waste, and cost is higher.Chinese patent CN1664064A disclosed " a kind of alkaline soil improver " mainly is that phosphogypsum, stalk and the urea that utilizes different ratios is made soil improvement agent; Utilize the modifying agent that phosphogypsum makes because the heavy metal in the phosphogypsum and some hazardous trace elements content are higher, can cause the permissible value that heavy metal in soil after the improvement and hazardous trace elements surpass national standard.
Generally speaking, shortcoming and technical problem that prior art exists are: process is complicated, and cost is high, and effect is not very good.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the working method of above-mentioned severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent.
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide the application of above-mentioned severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent aspect improvement soil.
Severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent provided by the invention comprises the raw material of following weight part: 88～92 parts in desulfurization waste, 5～11 parts of 1～3 part of inorganic accelerator and organic promoters.
Wherein, described desulfurization waste is coal-burning power plant's wet fuel gas desulfurizing technology byproduct.Preferred desulfurated plaster.
Wherein, described desulfurated plaster is the desulfurated plaster (being the byproduct of coal-fired plant flue gas desulfurization method of limestone-gypsum technique) that produces behind the coal-fired flue gas desulfurization, 70%～90% of its weight, terra alba CaSO
42H
2O, grain graininess are 30～50 microns.
The present invention utilizes the desulfurization waste, especially calcium ion (the Ca in the desulfurated plaster
2+) exchange the replaceability sodium ion (Na on the soil colloid
+From the Na in the soil
2CO
3, NaHCO
3), make sodium ion enter the soil solution from soil colloid, replacement becomes Na
2SO
4, sodium ion can be with oozing under the irrigation water or draining via discharge channel.Thereby reduce the basicity of soil, improve the physical behavior of soil and the crumb structure of soil.Simultaneously, the calcium in the desulfurated plaster (Ca) and sulphur (S) element are important plant nutrient ingredient, and suitable additional these two kinds of nutrients can promote the growth of plant.
Wherein, described inorganic accelerator is selected from: one or more in oyster shell whiting, carapace powder, weathered coal and the wilkinite etc.Preferred weathered coal.
Wherein, described organic promoter is selected from: one or more in stalk, furfural dregs, biomass char and the gac etc.Preferred stalk, furfural dregs and biomass char.
Severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent of the present invention also comprises fertilizer.
Wherein, described fertilizer is 0.01～1 part with respect to the weight part of severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent gross weight.Preferred 0.01～0.05 part.
Wherein, described fertilizer is selected from: one or more in animal excrement, poly-maleic acid, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, amino acid and the microorganism fertilizer.Preferred microorganism is fertile.
Severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent of the present invention also comprises inorganic fertilizer.
Wherein, described inorganic fertilizer is 0.01～1 part with respect to the weight part of severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent gross weight.Preferred 0.05～0.1 part.
Wherein, described inorganic fertilizer is selected from: one or more in urea, vitriolate of tartar, zinc sulfate, monoammonium phosphate and the diammonium phosphate.Preferred urea.
That is to say:
Severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent of the present invention comprises the raw material of following weight part: 88～92 parts in desulfurization waste, 1～3 part of inorganic accelerator, 5～11 parts of organic promoters, 0～1 part of 0.01～1 part of inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer.
Severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent of the present invention comprises the raw material of following weight part: 88～92 parts in desulfurization waste, 1～3 part of inorganic accelerator, 5～11 parts of organic promoters, 0～1 part of 0.01～1 part of fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.
Severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent of the present invention comprises the raw material of following weight part: 88～92 parts in desulfurization waste, 1～3 part of inorganic accelerator, 5～11 parts of organic promoters, 0.01～1 part of 0.01～1 part of inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer.
Severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent of the present invention preferably, comprises the raw material of following weight part: 88～92 parts in desulfurization waste, 1～3 part of inorganic accelerator, 5～11 parts of organic promoters, 0～0.1 part of 0.05～0.1 part of fertilizer of inorganic fertilizer.
Severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent of the present invention preferably, comprises the raw material of following weight part: 88～92 parts in desulfurization waste, 1～3 part of inorganic accelerator, 5～11 parts of organic promoters, 0～0.1 part of 0.01～0.05 part of fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.
Severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent of the present invention more preferably, comprises the raw material of following weight part: 88～92 parts in desulfurization waste, 1～3 part of inorganic accelerator, 5～11 parts of organic promoters, 0.01～0.05 part of 0.05～0.1 part of inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer.
Above-mentioned severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent, the organic promoter that wherein uses preferably, comprising: stalk, furfural dregs and biomass char, three's weight ratio is: (1～3): (1～3): (3～5).
Severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent of the present invention more preferably, comprises the raw material of following weight part: 88～92 parts of desulfurated plasters, 1～3 part of stalk, 1～3 part of furfural dregs, 3～5 parts of biomass chars, 1～3 part of weathered coal, 0.01～0.05 part of 0.05～0.1 part in urea and microorganism fertilizer.This soil improvement agent especially is applied to the improvement of severe alkali-affected soil, is applicable to the varieties in saline-alkali areas of northern arid and semi-arid.
The present invention also provides a kind of desulfurated plaster, 70%～90% of its weight, terra alba CaSO
42H
2O, grain graininess are 30～50 microns.It can be used in the above-mentioned severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent.
The working method of above-mentioned severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent provided by the invention comprises: granulation after raw material is mixed obtains described severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent.
Above-mentioned working method if use fertilizer and stalk, can be pulverized them first before raw material mixes.
Wherein, described grinding particle size was wanted 30～60 mesh sieves.Preferred 40 orders.
Soil improvement agent provided by the invention can be used for the improvement of soil, especially is applied to the improvement of severe alkali-affected soil, is applicable to northern arid or semiarid varieties in saline-alkali areas.
The pH value of described severe alkali-affected soil〉8.7, basicity 20～30%, saltiness＜0.5%.
The application of severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent provided by the invention aspect soil improvement.
Wherein, described application comprises: severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent is applied the soil that needs improvement, then implement to irrigate.
Wherein, the be manured into soil amount of unit surface of severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent of the present invention is determined according to the pH value in this plot and basicity.Sowing amount is 2000～2500kg/ mu.
Wherein, the best use age is the autumn of upper one year for apart from soil cultivation time more than three months the time that applies of described severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent.Applying the degree of depth is more than the arable layer degree of depth 20cm, preferred 20～25cm.
Wherein, described irrigation is: pouring water immediately after severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent applies, pour at twice according to crop institute water requirement, is 70% of required Total Water for the first time, is for the second time 30% of remainder.
Wherein, be not less than 7 days described twice pitch time of pouring water, preferred 7 or 8 days.After certain hour is finished in irrigation, carry out other agricultural operations.
The application of severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent of the present invention before the modifying agent that is manured into soil, also comprises the smooth and laser land leveling in soil.
Wherein, the soil of improvement at first carries out slightly smooth, and purpose is to remove obvious relief region on the soil.
Wherein, described laser land leveling makes the gradient of farming block≤0.05%, preferred 0.05%.
Severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent provided by the invention utilizes the desulfurization waste, and especially the calcium ion in the coal-fired flue gas desulfurization gypsum is replaced the exchangeable sodium on the soil colloid, thereby reduces the basicity of soil.Utilize simultaneously organic promoter, especially good pore texture and the physicals of biomass char are improved the physical behavior of soil and the crumb structure of soil; And utilize acidic substance in the furfural dregs, reduce the pH value of soil; Utilize the stalk can chessom, and can increase soil fertility.Inorganic accelerator can improve the crumb structure of soil such as weathered coal.Auxiliary inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer can further be increase soil fertility again, for plant growth provides nutritive ingredient.
In a word, it is unbalance that the present invention can effectively overcome Nutrient Elements in Soil, improves soil fertility, and chessom increases fertilizer efficiency, and the salting of soil phenomenon is progressively administered at all; And improved some problems of prior art, be better than prior art, had very high economic benefit.
Especially when improving the severe alkali-affected soil, the useful technique effect that plays comprises:
1) use then, take effect then, and the alkalization degree of soil is heavier, effect is further obvious; After using, the seedling rate of the crop of planting significantly improves, and the surviving rate of trees improves.Because the chemical reaction of substitutional ion needs a process, crop yield can reach local good farmland level after the 2nd, 3 year.
2) physico-chemical property of soil be improved significantly: the modifying agent that the application of the invention provides, the pH value of soil reduces by 1～2; The alkalization of soils degree before improve 20～30% be reduced to after the improvement below 5%; Soil compaction hardness is obviously reduced, and perviousness obviously improves; Soil salt reduced year by year.
3) preparation technology is simple, raw material sources are abundant: the present invention is that raw material becomes the particulate state modifying agent according to certain proportional range hybrid process, and ratio range is reasonable, can play the synergy that each self-applying of raw material strengthens; And non-pollution discharge in the course of processing; Utilize the soil after the technology improves, the duty of its kind plant is than local same crop traditional irrigation discharge reduction about 1/3rd.
4) through the contents of heavy metal elements in the soil of improvement, the heavy metal content of being planted in the crop kernel all is lower than the content that national standard allows.
5) carbon of the alkali-affected soil after the improvement and vegetation thereof converges up to 2～4 tons of CO
2/ mu year.This is in the situation that does not increase any investment, and the carbon that increases annual millions of ton of meter for country converges, and is to reducing discharging the huge contribution of CO2 and mitigation of climate change.
6) can solve the handling problems of the desulfurization waste that contains excess water of annual several ten million tons of China coal-burning power plant, saltings or severe alkali-affected soil can be modified to the arable land again simultaneously, improvement ensuing crop well-grown has obvious economic benefit.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Used herein to material be and can purchase from the market available conventional material, NM technology contents also is the routine of this area and selects.
Embodiment 1
1, modifying agent: desulfurated plaster 92g, stalk 1g, furfural dregs 3g, biomass char 3g, weathered coal 3g, urea 0.05g, microorganism fertilizer 0.01g.
2, working method:
(1) respectively stalk, microorganism fertilizer are pulverized with pulverizer, crossed 60 mesh sieves;
(2) to join stirrer for mixing even for stalk, microorganism fertilizer and above-mentioned other raw materials after will pulverizing, and then joins granulation in the granulating disc, obtains particulate state severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent.
3, improved technology (application of soil improvement agent):
(1) soil of improveing at first carries out slightly smooth, removes obvious relief region on the soil;
(2) carry out laser land leveling, the gradient that makes the farming block is 0.05%;
(3) above-mentioned modifying agent mixes the top layer that is manured into soil (applying the degree of depth is arable layer degree of depth 25cm), and the amount of its unit surface is determined according to pH value and the basicity in this plot, is 2000kg/ mu;
(4) implementing to irrigate (pouring water immediately after applying), pour at twice according to crop institute water requirement, is 70% of required Total Water for the first time, is for the second time 30% of remainder; Pitch time of pouring water for twice is 8 days;
(5) after certain hour is finished in irrigation, carry out other agricultural operations.
Embodiment 2
1, modifying agent: desulfurated plaster 88g, stalk 3g, furfural dregs 1g, biomass char 5g, weathered coal 1g, urea 0.1g, microorganism fertilizer 0.05g.
2, working method:
(1) respectively stalk, microorganism fertilizer are pulverized with pulverizer, crossed 30 mesh sieves;
(2) to join stirrer for mixing even for stalk, microorganism fertilizer and above-mentioned other raw materials after will pulverizing, and then joins granulation in the granulating disc, obtains particulate state severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent.
3, improved technology (application of soil improvement agent):
(1) soil of improveing at first carries out slightly smooth, removes obvious relief region on the soil;
(2) carry out laser land leveling, the gradient that makes the farming block is 0.05%;
(3) above-mentioned modifying agent mixes the top layer that is manured into soil (applying the degree of depth is arable layer degree of depth 24cm), and the amount of its unit surface is determined according to pH value and the basicity in this plot, is 2500kg/ mu;
(4) implementing to irrigate (pouring water immediately after applying), pour at twice according to crop institute water requirement, is 70% of required Total Water for the first time, is for the second time 30% of remainder; Pitch time of pouring water for twice is 8 days;
(5) after certain hour is finished in irrigation, carry out other agricultural operations.
Embodiment 3
1, modifying agent: desulfurated plaster 90g, stalk 2g, furfural dregs 2g, biomass char 4g, weathered coal 2g, urea 0.08g, microorganism fertilizer 0.03g.
2, working method:
(1) respectively microorganism fertilizer, stalk are pulverized with pulverizer, crossed 40 mesh sieves;
(2) to join stirrer for mixing even for microorganism fertilizer, stalk and above-mentioned other raw materials after will pulverizing, and then joins granulation in the granulating disc, obtains particulate state severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent.
3, improved technology (application of soil improvement agent):
(1) soil of improveing at first carries out slightly smooth, removes obvious relief region on the soil;
(2) carry out laser land leveling, the gradient that makes the farming block is 0.05%;
(3) above-mentioned modifying agent mixes the top layer that is manured into soil (applying the degree of depth is arable layer degree of depth 22cm), and the amount of its unit surface is determined according to pH value and the basicity in this plot, is 2250kg/ mu;
(4) implementing to irrigate (pouring water immediately after applying), pour at twice according to crop institute water requirement, is 70% of required Total Water for the first time, is for the second time 30% of remainder; Pitch time of pouring water for twice is 7 days;
(5) after certain hour is finished in irrigation, carry out other agricultural operations.
Experimental example 1: the test in saltings and demonstration
1, experiment and demonstration district overview
Generally between 8.7～9.0, and salt content is also higher greater than 8.7(for the soil salinization of experiment and demonstration district, alkalization skewness, pH value, and is the highest above 15g/kg.Water-soluble salt ion analysis result shows that the positively charged ion that content is the highest is Na
+, the negatively charged ion that content is the highest is SO
4 2-, secondly be Cl
-Supplying to study thing is paddy rice, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and corn.The rice growing amount is 25 kilograms every mu, adopts the direct-sowing dry mode.Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers application rate is 0.5 kilogram every mu.
2, field test results
Various crop seedling rates after the experiment and demonstration district improves with severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent (embodiment of the invention 3) and output are apparently higher than the check plot of not using any soil improvement agent, the average seedling rate of demonstration area paddy rice, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and corn reaches respectively 90.5%, 55.9% and 74.1% after the improvement, and the average seedling rate of not improveing the paddy rice of check plot, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and corn is respectively 41.4%, 12.1% and 49.6%; The grain yield of demonstration area paddy rice, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and corn has on average reached respectively 295.6 kg/acres, 100.5 kg/acres and 273.6 kg/acres after the improvement, and check plot paddy rice, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and the corn kernel mean yield of improvement are not respectively 59.8 kg/acres, 19.5 kg/acres and 129.4 kg/acres.This proves absolutely that applying of soil improvement agent can improve alkali-affected soil, improves crop seedling rate and output.
Experimental example 2: the eco-environmental impact that contains the severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent improvement soil of desulfurated plaster
1, the detected result of heavy metal in soil
(1) variation of soil pH value and salinity
Through using the soil improvement agent that contains desulfurated plaster, no matter be rice cultivation, corn or oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers (such as experimental example 1), its pH value and salinity have reduction in various degree, the range of decrease of pH value is 1.8, and the range of decrease of salinity is 68%, and the alkalization of soils degree is reduced to 5%(after the improvement about 4% before improve more than 20～30%) below; Soil compaction hardness is obviously reduced, and perviousness has improved 7 times; The reduction of salinity is mainly due to the effect of water.
(2) detected result of heavy metal in soil
In the severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent of the present invention, the desulfurated plaster main component is calcium sulfate, contains simultaneously other trace and the trace elementss such as heavy metal.In order to study them to the impact of edatope and crop, the applicant successively entrusts environment protection and monitoring station, the Inner Mongol and academy of agricultural sciences, Inner Mongol test center (be state approval, the detection unit of qualification is arranged), and soil and corn kernel are analyzed.
Table 1 for the Inner Mongol experimental field (saltings) use the content of the heavy metal in soil of soil improvement agent (embodiment of the invention 3) post processing zone that contains desulfurated plaster, the result shows that the content of the heavy metal in soil of using the soil post processing zone is tested much smaller than the permissible value of national soil quality standard (GB15618-1995) regulation in the Inner Mongol.The content of heavy metal in soil of using the treatment zone of severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent and not executing the check plot of soil improvement agent does not have significant difference.
Table 1: the Inner Mongol is detected result and the contrast thereof of heavy metal in soil content experimental field
(3) detected result of heavy metal in the crop kernel
The result shows (table 2), and it is general all less than national standard (GB14961-1994) that the Inner Mongol experimental field gathers in the crops in the seed heavy metal content.The content of using the treatment zone of the severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent that contains desulfurated plaster and not executing heavy metal in the check plot results seed of soil improvement agent does not have significant difference.
Table 2: heavy metal content and contrast thereof in the results seed of Inner Mongol
Adopt the severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent of embodiment 1 and 2 preparations to carry out above-mentioned experiment with method.The result shows: the severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent effect of they and embodiment 3 is close, wherein, and take the effect of embodiment 3 as optimum.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the application of severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent aspect improvement soil is characterized in that described severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent comprises the raw material of following weight part: 88～92 parts in desulfurization waste, 5～11 parts of 1～3 part of inorganic accelerator and organic promoters.
2. application according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described desulfurization waste is desulfurated plaster.
3. application according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the pH value ﹥ 8.7 of described severe alkali-affected soil, and basicity 20～30%, saltiness ﹤ 0.5%.
4. according to claim 1～3 described application of any one is characterized in that, comprising: severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent is applied alkaline earth, then implement to irrigate; The sowing amount of described severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent is 2000～2500kg/ mu.
5. application according to claim 4 is characterized in that, it is more than the arable layer degree of depth 20cm that described severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent applies the degree of depth.
6. application according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described irrigation is: pouring water immediately after severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent is manured into soil, pour at twice according to crop institute water requirement, is 70% of required Total Water for the first time, is for the second time 30% of remainder.
7. according to claim 4～6 described application of any one is characterized in that, applies in soil before the severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent, also comprises the smooth and laser land leveling to soil.
8. application according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described laser land leveling makes the gradient of farming block≤0.05%.
9. the application of severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent aspect improvement soil, it is characterized in that, described severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent comprises the raw material of following weight part: 88～92 parts of desulfurated plasters, 1～3 part of stalk, 1～3 part of furfural dregs, 3～5 parts of biomass chars, 1～3 part of weathered coal, 0.01～0.05 part of 0.05～0.1 part in urea and microorganism fertilizer.
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| CN101417286A (en) * | 2008-12-08 | 2009-04-29 | 天津市农业资源与环境研究所 | Alkaline land soil repair agent |
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